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Di, Nayan, Muhammad Zahid Sharif, Zongwen Hu, Renjie Xue, and Baizhong Yu. "Applicability of VGGish embedding in bee colony monitoring: comparison with MFCC in colony sound classification." PeerJ 11 (January 26, 2023): e14696. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14696.
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Background Bee colony sound is a continuous, low-frequency buzzing sound that varies with the environment or the colony’s behavior and is considered meaningful. Bees use sounds to communicate within the hive, and bee colony sounds investigation can reveal helpful information about the circumstances in the colony. Therefore, one crucial step in analyzing bee colony sounds is to extract appropriate acoustic feature. Methods This article uses VGGish (a visual geometry group—like audio classification model) embedding and Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) generated from three bee colony sound datasets, to train four machine learning algorithms to determine which acoustic feature performs better in bee colony sound recognition. Results The results showed that VGGish embedding performs better than or on par with MFCC in all three datasets.
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O.O., Zhukov, and Horbenko V.I. "АДАПТИВНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ СТАНУ ВУЛИКА ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ НЕЙРОННИХ МЕРЕЖ ТА АНАЛІЗУ АУДІО." System technologies 4, no. 153 (May 1, 2024): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/1562-9945-4-153-2024-01.
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Problem statement. Monitoring the queen bee is crucial for the health and produc-tivity of a bee colony. The queen plays a vital role in reproduction and maintaining the colony's population. Utilizing neural networks, such as CNNs along with sound analysis, can be a valuable tool for monitoring queen bees and assessing their behavior and health within the hive. Purpose. Finding the best way to preprocess audio data and review it is an important task that, if performed well, will help to track the bee hive population and its health state in general. Related work. With the development of deep learning, several studies were done on their application along with sound analysis in bee hive state identi-fication, such as swarming or bee queen detection. Materials and methods. A public la-beled dataset “To bee or not to bee” with bee hive sounds was used for training. It was split by source and then cut into pieces 4 seconds each. Then, CNN models were trained using different audio feature extraction methods, such as MFCCs and STFT. First, it was trained on a first audio set, and then trained models were utilized to analyze their per-formance on the evaluation set of the second audio set. Results and discussion. According to the training and evaluation results, MFCCs-based models have given constant good results, and when used on a limited audio dataset, pre-trained model showed better per-formance than the one trained from zero. Conclusions. The experiment showed that MFCCs is a better performant feature extraction method for a task of the bee hive sounds analysis and bee queen presence identification. Also, even though training a model on a full audio set results in better performance, pre-trained models can detect a bee queen absence in another hive even after an additional training on a limited audio dataset.
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Terenzi, Alessandro, Stefania Cecchi, and Susanna Spinsante. "On the Importance of the Sound Emitted by Honey Bee Hives." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 4 (October 31, 2020): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7040168.
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Recent years have seen a worsening in the decline of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) colonies. This phenomenon has sparked a great amount of attention regarding the need for intense bee hive monitoring, in order to identify possible causes, and design corresponding countermeasures. Honey bees have a key role in pollination services of both cultivated and spontaneous flora, and the increase in bee mortality could lead to an ecological and economical damage. Despite many smart monitoring systems for honey bees and bee hives, relying on different sensors and measured quantities, have been proposed over the years, the most promising ones are based on sound analysis. Sounds are used by the bees to communicate within the hive, and their analysis can reveal useful information to understand the colony health status and to detect sudden variations, just by using a simple microphone and an acquisition system. The work here presented aims to provide a review of the most interesting approaches proposed over the years for honey bees sound analysis and the type of knowledge about bees that can be extracted from sounds.
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Keikhosrokiani, Pantea, A. Bhanupriya Naidu A/P Anathan, Suzi Iryanti Fadilah, Selvakumar Manickam, and Zuoyong Li. "Heartbeat sound classification using a hybrid adaptive neuro-fuzzy inferences system (ANFIS) and artificial bee colony." DIGITAL HEALTH 9 (January 2023): 205520762211507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20552076221150741.
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Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death worldwide which can be easily diagnosed by listening to the murmur sound of heartbeat sounds using a stethoscope. The murmur sound happens at the Lub-Dub, which indicates there are abnormalities in the heart. However, using the stethoscope for listening to the heartbeat sound requires a long time of training then only the physician can detect the murmuring sound. The existing studies show that young physicians face difficulties in this heart sound detection. Use of computerized methods and data analytics for detection and classification of heartbeat sounds will improve the overall quality of sound detection. Many studies have been worked on classifying the heartbeat sound; however, they lack the method with high accuracy. Therefore, this research aims to classify the heartbeat sound using a novel optimized Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inferences System (ANFIS) by artificial bee colony (ABC). The data is cleaned, pre-processed, and MFCC is extracted from the heartbeat sounds. Then the proposed ABC-ANFIS is used to run the pre-processed heartbeat sound, and accuracy is calculated for the model. The results indicate that the proposed ABC-ANFIS model achieved 93% accuracy for the murmur class. The proposed ABC-ANFIS has higher accuracy in compared to ANFIS, PSO ANFIS, SVM, KSTM, KNN, and other existing studies. Thus, this study can assist physicians to classify heartbeat sounds for detecting cardiovascular disease in the early stages.
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Müller, Andreas, and Martin K. Obrist. "Simultaneous percussion by the larvae of a stem-nesting solitary bee – a collaborative defence strategy against parasitoid wasps?" Journal of Hymenoptera Research 81 (February 25, 2021): 143–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.81.61067.
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Disturbance sounds to deter antagonists are widespread among insects but have never been recorded for the larvae of bees. Here, we report on the production of disturbance sounds by the postdefecating larva (“prepupa”) of the Palaearctic osmiine bee Hoplitis (Alcidamea) tridentata, which constructs linear series of brood cells in excavated burrows in pithy plant stems. Upon disturbance, the prepupa produces two types of sounds, one of which can be heard up to a distance of 2–3 m (“stroking sounds”), whereas the other is scarcely audible by bare ear (“tapping sounds”). To produce the stroking sounds, the prepupa rapidly pulls a horseshoe-shaped callosity around the anus one to five times in quick succession over the cocoon wall before it starts to produce tapping sounds by knocking a triangularly shaped callosity on the clypeus against the cocoon wall in long uninterrupted series of one to four knocks per second. Sound analysis revealed that the stroking sounds consist of several syllables, which are very similar to the single syllables of the tapping sounds: both last about 0.5 ms and spread over 40 kHz bandwidth from the audible far into the ultrasonic range. The production of stroking sounds by a prepupa induces other prepupae of the same nest to stroke and/or to tap resulting in a long-lasting and simultaneous albeit unsynchronized percussion by numerous prepupae along the whole nest stem. We hypothesize that these disturbance sounds serve an anti-antagonist function and that they have evolved to disturb the reflectance signals that parasitoid wasps use to localize concealed hosts during vibrational sounding.
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Ribeiro, Alison Pereira, Nádia Felix Felipe da Silva, Fernanda Neiva Mesquita, Priscila de Cássia Souza Araújo, Thierson Couto Rosa, and José Neiva Mesquita-Neto. "Machine learning approach for automatic recognition of tomato-pollinating bees based on their buzzing-sounds." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): e1009426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009426.
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Bee-mediated pollination greatly increases the size and weight of tomato fruits. Therefore, distinguishing between the local set of bees–those that are efficient pollinators–is essential to improve the economic returns for farmers. To achieve this, it is important to know the identity of the visiting bees. Nevertheless, the traditional taxonomic identification of bees is not an easy task, requiring the participation of experts and the use of specialized equipment. Due to these limitations, the development and implementation of new technologies for the automatic recognition of bees become relevant. Hence, we aim to verify the capacity of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms in recognizing the taxonomic identity of visiting bees to tomato flowers based on the characteristics of their buzzing sounds. We compared the performance of the ML algorithms combined with the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and with classifications based solely on the from fundamental frequency, leading to a direct comparison between the two approaches. In fact, some classifiers powered by the MFCC–especially the SVM–achieved better performance compared to the randomized and sound frequency-based trials. Moreover, the buzzing sounds produced during sonication were more relevant for the taxonomic recognition of bee species than analysis based on flight sounds alone. On the other hand, the ML classifiers performed better in recognizing bees genera based on flight sounds. Despite that, the maximum accuracy obtained here (73.39% by SVM) is still low compared to ML standards. Further studies analyzing larger recording samples, and applying unsupervised learning systems may yield better classification performance. Therefore, ML techniques could be used to automate the taxonomic recognition of flower-visiting bees of the cultivated tomato and other buzz-pollinated crops. This would be an interesting option for farmers and other professionals who have no experience in bee taxonomy but are interested in improving crop yields by increasing pollination.
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ANNA, TOMAŃSKA, CHORBIŃSKI PAWEŁ, KLIMOWICZ-BODYS MAŁGORZATA, and MILL PHILIP. "Communication among animals and bioacoustics studies on bees." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 80, no. 05 (2024): 6873–2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6873.
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The communication of honey bees encompasses diverse forms, focusing on signals that resemble those in the learning process. Bioacoustics plays a crucial role in understanding this phenomenon, especially in the context of social insects, where communicative coding is complex and essential for survival. In this article, various aspects of bee communication are analyzed, examining both acoustics and other forms of information transmission. In the bee family, there are several communication mechanisms, such as the dance of bees, vibrations, buzzing, and singing. The dance communication of honey bees, based on dance movements, dates back as far as 40 million years, making it older than human language. This form of communication is linked to environmental needs and determines the survival of bees. Signals from queen bees are associated with reproductive needs within the colony, and other individuals exhibit diverse sound characteristics. Different species of bees utilize various aspects of the environment for communication, including gravity and the position of the sun. The precision of transmitted signals may depend on the distance to a food source or potential threat. Sounds emitted by bees serve diverse functions, such as deterring predators or recruiting other individuals for food collection. Modern technologies, especially bioacoustics, enable more precise studies of bee communication. Advanced methods of vibrational spectrum analysis even allow the prediction of swarming with high effectiveness, which can be particularly useful in beekeeping practices. Studies on the bioacoustic hive, utilizing stereo microphones and soundproofing, indicate the potential of these technologies for a better understanding of bee communication in natural conditions. However, many aspects of bee communication still require more detailed research, such as the role of honey-filled cells in transmitting vibrations, necessitating the use of precise tools and technologies. The bioacoustic hive project, based on traditional bee frames, provides new insights into bee communication, especially concerning sounds generated during bee collisions within the hive. Conclusions from bioacoustic studies have significant practical potential in apiculture. The use of stereo microphones and soundproofing improves the perception and assessment of acoustic phenomena within the hive. Prospects for utilizing sound recorders for continuous monitoring of life inside the hive, and the assessment of zoo-hygienic conditions, underscore the growing importance of bioacoustics in beekeeping practices. These discoveries open new perspectives for research into the social life of these crucial insect species and their conservation.
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ÇIĞ, Arzu, Arzu KOÇAK MUTLU, and Nazire MİKAİL. "A different factor in the use of plants in landscape architecture: Sound (type, intensity and duration) in the example of Hyacinthus orientalis L." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 51, no. 3 (September 5, 2023): 13271. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha51313271.
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The effect of music on people has been known for years and is still being researched from different aspects. The effects of music and sound waves on ornamental plants, whose effects on some vegetables, fruits and grains are examined, are also inquired. Especially the positive change in the development and showiness of the flowers of ornamental plant species with commercial importance will increase the market value of the plant. Again, with the effect of this sound wave, in order for the plants and their flowers to show the expected development, they should benefit from the planting environment and growing conditions at the maximum level. In the measurements taken from hyacinths (Hyacinthus orientalis L.) at the end of the duration that the plants were exposed to different types of sounds in different intensities, it was observed that these factors positively affected these parameters successively; 1 hour of bird sound in 50 dB, the number of leaves; 1 hour of bird sound in 90 dB, leaf width and floret length; 3 hours of bird sound in 70 dB, floret number; 3 hours of bird sound in 90 dB, the plant and flower height; 1 hour of bee sound in 50 dB, the stem thickness; 3 hours of vehicle sound in 50 dB, flower and floret width; 3 hours of vehicle sound in 70 dB, leaf length. At the end of the study, whereas it was determined that the bee sound had the least effect on the growth and flowering of the hyacinth, it was observed that the bird and vehicle sounds, that the plants were expose to in different intensities and durations, had a positive effect.
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Dushenkova, Tatiana Rudolfovna. "Cognitive metaphors and comparisons in Udmurt riddles about bees." Ethnic Culture 6, no. 1 (March 15, 2024): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-109039.
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The work is devoted to the consideration of riddles about bees in the Udmurt linguistic culture. The article aims to study comparisons and metaphors, as well as analyze the image of an insect in riddles. The material was riddles reflected in special folklore publications and lexicographic sources. During the analysis, linguoculturological, semantic, etymological, and conceptual methods were used. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the bee in riddles is presented in the form of complex metaphors, comparisons and euphemisms. The bee and the hive in Udmurt culture are revealed in different categories. The hive is most often associated with a house, a pit and a syulyk (a woman’s headdress). The sounds made by a bee and a bee colony are compared to the crying of a baby, the whining of a dog, or the growling of a motor. The bee itself or the bee family is associated in popular fantasy with a daughter-in-law, who is sad about parting with her parents and expecting hardships in the new family. Riddles about bees are typically compared to a huge number of people or a flock of sheep. In quantitative terms, the sound or hum of a beehive corresponds to a hundred or a thousand. Along with crying, the flight of bees from the hive is compared to sifting flour. Fairy tales also reflect the bee's ability to sting, build honeycombs, and make honey.
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Quaderi, Shah Jafor Sadeek, Sadia Afrin Labonno, Sadia Mostafa, and Shamim Akhter. "Identify the Beehive Sound using Deep Learning." International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 14, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcsit.2022.14402.
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Flowers play an essential role in removing the duller from the environment. The life cycle of the flowering plants involves pollination, fertilization, flowering, seed- formation, dispersion, and germination. Honeybees pollinate approximately 75% of all flowering plants. Environmental pollution, climate change, natural landscape demolition, and so on, threaten the natural habitats, thus continuously reducing the number of honeybees. As a result, several researchers are attempting to resolve this issue. Applying acoustic classification to recordings of beehive sounds may be a way of detecting changes within them. In this research, we use deep learning techniques, namely Sequential Neural Network, Convolutional Neural Network, and Recurrent Neural Network, on the recorded sounds to classify bee sounds from the nonbeehive noises. In addition, we perform a comparative study among some popular non-deep learning techniques, namely Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Naïve Bayes, with the deep learning techniques. The techniques are also verified on the combined recorded sounds (25-75% noises).
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Makhortova, Varvara A., and Marina V. Kutyeva. "Semantics of the entomonym abelha / bee in Portuguese poetry." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philology. Journalism 24, no. 3 (August 22, 2024): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1817-7115-2024-24-3-288-295.
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The paper examines a complex of figurative meanings of the entomonym “abelha” (“bee”), manifested in the space of the Portuguese poetic text of the 19th–20th centuries. The purpose of the work is to trace the transformation of the image and its semantic increments. We used methods of contextual, stylistic, semantic analysis and linguistic and cultural commentary. The material includes poems by Almeida Garret, Guerra Junqueiro, Antonio Nobre, Fernando Pessoa, Sofia de Mello, José Saramago, Fernando Echevarría, etc. The bee is one of the few insects that are evaluated mostly positively in the Portuguese language worldview. However, specific individual authors’ figurative associations differ in their originality, significantly expanding and complementing the corresponding concept. So, a swarm of bees symbolizes both a sensibly organized collective work, and a gang of naughty schoolboys (G. Junqueiro). At the same time, a separate bee, along with diligence in work, is associated with a thirst for life and creativity (S. de Mello), the birth of rhymes swarming in the mind, boiling thoughts (J. Saramago) and the fervor of love (J. Saramago, A. Garret). The flight of a bee over blooming gardens is often likened in Portuguese poetry to the craving of a man for a woman, and the bees themselves become an allegory of sparkling glances (E. de Castro), also of lips and kisses – thanks to the association with honey. Sounds’ similes are important as well: they are guitar chords, fado melodies (A. Nobre). The vast variability of poetic interpretations of the bee’s image is cemented into a single whole by the idea of intensity: diligent collective work, ardent love, a passionate desire to live and create (thirst for life), a powerful creative upsurge, irrepressible frolic of children, deep and rich (thick) sounds of fado in silence, the inviting shine of bright eyes. The image of a bee, reinterpreted in Portuguese poems, is distinguished by a variety of associative foundations, originality and versatility. Having undergone significant transformations in poetic discourse, the updated semantic palette of this entomonym enriches the imagery of the Portuguese language.
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Eskov, E. K., and V. A. Toboev. "Changes in the structure of sounds generated by bee colonies during sociotomy." Entomological Review 91, no. 3 (June 2011): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873811030092.
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Clark, Christopher J., Jimmy A. McGuire, Elisa Bonaccorso, Jacob S. Berv, and Richard O. Prum. "Complex coevolution of wing, tail, and vocal sounds of courting male bee hummingbirds." Evolution 72, no. 3 (March 2018): 630–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.13432.
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Tsujiuchi, Seiya, Elena Sivan-Loukianova, Daniel F. Eberl, Yasuo Kitagawa, and Tatsuhiko Kadowaki. "Dynamic Range Compression in the Honey Bee Auditory System toward Waggle Dance Sounds." PLoS ONE 2, no. 2 (February 21, 2007): e234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000234.
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Simons, Jefferey. "Dickinson’s Prosodic Music: Subtlety and Exuberance." ES Review. Spanish Journal of English Studies, no. 42 (November 8, 2021): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24197/ersjes.42.2021.37-54.
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This essay explores Dickinson’s prosodic music by evidencing its expressions of subtlety and exuberance. The essay unfolds in four steps. The first step finds the poet’s prosodic music in distinctive word arrangements with these three features: interlaced phonic echoes, the rhythms of short-lined verse where rhyme marks stanzas, and the motions of intonation. The second step instances Dickinson’s prosodic subtlety in one of her envelope poems, “A Pang is more conspicuous in Spring” (Fr1545B). The third step identifies Dickinson’s prosodic exuberance in two of her bee poems, “There is a flower that Bees prefer” (Fr642) and “I suppose the time will come” (Fr1389). In this step, we discern a hermeneutic key to Dickinson’s lyric art: when a sound in the world catches her ear, the poet’s prosodic music intensifies to reflect her enchantment. The essay’s last step applies the hermeneutic key to a superlative sound in Dickinson’s poetry, that of the wind in “Of all the Sounds despatched abroad” (Fr334).
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Ferrari, S., M. Silva, M. Guarino, and D. Berckmans. "Monitoring of swarming sounds in bee hives for early detection of the swarming period." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 64, no. 1 (November 2008): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2008.05.010.
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Ni Putu Meira Purnama Yanti, I Nyoman Sujaya, and Mirsa Umiyati. "Multimodal Semiotics in Cosmetic Advertisement." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 8, no. 2 (October 24, 2022): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.55637/jr.8.2.4866.173-182.
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This research deals with the elements of multimodal semiotics and the meaning of beauty. The theory used in this research was the multimodal semiotics theory by Kress and Leewuen (2011) in their book entitled Multimodal Discourse Analysis. The method applied in this research was a descriptive qualitative method. Based on data analysis, it was found that cosmetic advertisements have various multimodal semiotics such as verbal, visual, gestural, and audio. Verbal elements in the form of speech and writing which are dominated by declarative sentences. Visual elements refer to female figures in advertisements and other things with certain color. Gesture elements include smiling facial expressions, sparkling eyes, touching skin, and other movements. Audio elements come from bee sound effects, traditional Javanese music sounds, and so on. Meanwhile, the meanings of beauty conveyed through the multimodal semiotic elements refer to the meaning of physical beauty such as olive skin, white skin like jicama fruit, thick and beautiful hair, stormy hair, and graceful attitude.
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Cecchi, Stefania, Susanna Spinsante, Alessandro Terenzi, and Simone Orcioni. "A Smart Sensor-Based Measurement System for Advanced Bee Hive Monitoring." Sensors 20, no. 9 (May 10, 2020): 2726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092726.
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The widespread decline of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies registered in recent years has raised great attention to the need of gathering deeper knowledge about this phenomenon, by observing the colonies’ activity to identify possible causes, and design corresponding countermeasures. In fact, honey bees have well-known positive effects on both the environment and human life, and their preservation becomes critical not only for ecological reasons, but also for the social and economic development of rural communities. Smart sensor systems are being developed for real-time and long-term measurement of relevant parameters related to beehive conditions, such as the hive weight, sounds emitted by the bees, temperature, humidity, and CO 2 inside the beehive, as well as weather conditions outside. This paper presents a multisensor platform designed to measure the aforementioned parameters from beehives deployed in the field, and shows how the fusion of different sensor measurements may provide insights on the status of the colony, its interaction with the surrounding environment, and the influence of climatic conditions.
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Badmaev, Andrew A. "Entomological Images in the Worldview of the Buryats." Archaeology and Ethnography 19, no. 3 (2020): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-3-110-118.
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Purpose. The aim of this study is to identify a set of traditional views of the Buryats associated with insects. Results. In the popular zoological classification of the Buryats, the insects were distinguished as a separate class due to their small size. Another sign of this class was the characteristic of insects being nimble. Insects were divided into such groups as “winged insects”, “worms and beetles”, “social insects” and others. Images of insects that live in the sky, water and on earth were not always determined by their habitat. According to the Buryat views, there was a group of chthonic creatures, such as midges, flies, lice, fleas and beetles. At the same time, there existed a popular belief that insects appeared as falling from the sky. By contrast with other classes of animals, insects in Buryats beliefs were not personified in a single spirit as the patron of insects. Images of representatives of the order of Lepidoptera, such as butterflies and moths, are rarely present in the traditional worldview of the Buryats. According to their views, in addition to the presence of wings, the most important feature of many Diptera insects is their ability to produce monotonous sounds while flying – buzz, and this quality is reflected in the Buryat vocabulary. The Buryats believed that certain insects had unique features. For instance, the bee had a feminine essence. It is worth noting that the bee was included into a limited group of animals, together with a swallow and an ant, whose presence in the Buryat dwelling was considered favorable for the life of the family. According to the Buryats’ mythological views, only ants had a hierarchy in their groups. Conclusion. Our analysis has shown that insects were not very important creatures in the Buryats’ beliefs. However, some insects had distinct characteristics. The ant and the bee were considered to be positive, while the gadfly, mosquito, wasp, moth, bug, louse and flea negative. It should also be noted that the chthonic origin of the ant did not determine its final connotation. The Buryats often compared insects to other animal species. The material considered shows that they associated a soul with opposite images of bees and wasps. Some insects were connected with the idea of lycanthropy and the symbolism of fertility, such as the ant and the bee. Unlike other classes of animals, insects were vaguely represented in the myth-ritual practices of the Buryats. Some Buryat views on insects find parallels with the mythological judgments of other peoples, such as the Mongols, Slavic tribes, etc., which is explained by the universal character of the images, typological coincidences and intercultural contacts (primarily with the Mongols).
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Baldavári, László. "Changes in Honeybee Behavior Induced by a Total Solar Eclipse in an Apiary." Apis 1, no. 1 (November 29, 2024): 13–17. https://doi.org/10.62949/01317161.1451133.
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This study investigates the behavioral and foraging responses of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) to the total solar eclipse on August 11, 1999, in a Hungarian apiary. Using video recordings, the departures and returns of foraging bees were monitored throughout the eclipse. Results revealed that foraging activity sharply declined as light intensity dropped below 10%. In the minutes leading up to totality, pollen-collecting foragers returned en masse to the hives, while departures nearly ceased. During and immediately after totality, bees exhibited disoriented behavior, including difficulty locating their hives, collisions, and abnormal buzzing sounds. Many displayed signs of fatigue, such as immobility, slow walking, and intense abdominal pulsation indicative of heavy breathing. Interestingly, bees returning from foraging resumed normal activity more quickly than those directly affected at the hive. Foraging activity remained subdued for approximately one hour post-eclipse, despite favorable temperature conditions.These observations highlight how sudden environmental changes, particularly alterations in light intensity and sky polarization, profoundly influence honey bee behavior. The findings enhance our understanding of how bees rely on environmental cues for navigation and activity regulation, with potential implications for apiary management and ecological research during similar phenomena.
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Kandel, Churamoni. "Negative Capability in Keats’s “Ode to Autumn”." Kaumodaki: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 1 (April 9, 2024): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kdk.v4i1.64550.
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This paper examines and analyzes the ideations of negative capability postulated by Keats in his “Ode to Autumn”. His negative capability embraces uncertainty, doubt, and ambiguity in poetry, without seeking to impose rational explanations or resolutions. He employs the third- person narration, depersonalized imagery, universal themes, and avoids using personal pronouns in writing the odes. These aspects expose his fundamental concept of negative capability because he desires to remain in doubt, uncertainty, and mysteries by the process of depersonalization of the authorship. He explicates the true nature of beauty in his “Ode to Autumn”. He embraces the mystery and complexity of the ripening of fruits like grapes, apples, gourd and hazelnuts. The bee-hives are filled with honey. The season embodies the contrasting qualities with their harmonious coexistence. Keats explores the occupations of autumn. The season performs various activities in the form of a reaper, a winnower, a gleaner and a cider –presser. Keats juxtaposes the activities of life as well as the passivity/ death in these occupations. He introduces the songs of autumn. The mournful sounds of the gnats, the bleating of the lambs, the singing of the crickets, the whistling of the redbreast and the twittering of the swallows offer the music of autumn. The ambiguities of the abundance and the decline in these songs reflect the cyclical nature of the autumn season. This paper applies the dynamics of the qualitative approach, with an interpretive research design to unveil the beauty of the autumn season.
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Schultze-Motel, P., and I. Lamprecht. "CORRELATION OF SOUND GENERATION AND METABOLIC HEAT FLUX IN THE BUMBLEBEE BOMBUS LAPIDARIUS." Journal of Experimental Biology 187, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.187.1.315.
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Flying insects produce extreme amounts of heat as a by-product during the contractions of their thoracic flight muscles (Heinrich, 1989). Before flight, metabolic heat may serve to warm up the thoracic muscles until the minimum lift-off temperature is reached (Heinrich, 1974b; Stone and Willmer, 1989; Esch and Goller, 1991). Social bees and wasps are also able to use the heat produced in their flight muscles for brood incubation and for active regulation of nest temperatures (Heinrich, 1974a; Seeley and Heinrich, 1981; Schultze-Motel, 1991). In this study, we report simultaneous measurements of heat flux and sound generation by wing buzzing in individual bumblebee workers (Bombus lapidarius L.). Bumblebees used in the experiments were taken from colonies in observation nest boxes (Schultze-Motel, 1991) and placed into the cylindrical 100 ml stainless-steel vessel of a Calvet-type microcalorimeter (MS 70, Setaram, Lyon; Wadso, 1987). A small microphone had been installed below the screw cap of the calorimeter vessel. The sensitivity of the calorimeter under these conditions was 41.7 mV W-1. Both the calorimeter and the microphone signals were amplified and recorded on a dual-channel chart recorder. In 32 out of a total of 36 measurements, the bumblebees showed prolonged periods of sound generation, most frequently at the beginning of experiments. We assume that the sound was not produced in an alarm reaction, but by flight movements of the wings when the animals attempted to lift off inside the calorimeter vessel. The buzzing sounds produced by bumblebees are caused by oscillations of the flight muscles inside the metathorax (Schneider, 1975). Previous endoscopic observations of bumblebees sitting on the bottom of our calorimeter vessel had shown that there was a one-to-one correlation between episodes of wing movements and sound production. The microphone recordings thus allowed an easy way of measuring locomotor activity inside the calorimeter. The simultaneous recordings of calorimeter and microphone signals showed a very good agreement between periods of sound generation and increased metabolic heat flux from the animals. This was most conspicuous in some experiments without continuous wing buzzing activity but with distinct episodes of intense sound generation that were always coupled to a simultaneous increase of heat flux (Fig. 1). Between episodes of sound generation, heat flux typically returned from maxima exceeding 200 W kg-1 to basal values around 10 W kg-1. During one experiment, we recorded a deviation from the usually observed synchronism between metabolic heat flux and sound generation (Fig. 2). The acoustic activity of the animal started about 45 min after the beginning of the experiment. Remarkably, the heat flux signal showed a steep increase as early as 5 min before the first sound generation was observed. During the period of continuous wing buzzing, heat fluxes of more than 350 W kg-1 were measured. These fluxes correspond to metabolic rates during free flight in other Hymenoptera: about 300 W kg-1 in the carpenter bee Xylocopa capitata (Nicolson and Louw, 1982), 300-500 W kg-1 in honeybees, Apis mellifera (Nachtigall et al. 1989) and about 350 W kg-1 in the bumblebees Bombus lucorum and B. pascuorum flying in a wind tunnel (Ellington et al. 1990). We suggest that the sharp increase in heat flux before the beginning of sound generation represents a preflight endothermic warm-up event. Apparently, the warm-up of flight muscles proceeded without any wing buzzing.
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Kwon, Youngmin, and Daewook Jung. "Spatial audio reproduction of floor impact-borne sounds for auditory demonstrations in living environment." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (October 1, 2023): A213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023318.
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Floor impact-borne sound in the multistory residential buildings has been a serious social issue in Korea for a long time. The housing and land authority in a ministry of Korea recently amended the floor impact-borne sound evaluation method and criteria in response to the acoustic characteristics of the actual impact sources perceived in our daily lives. However, many people have not yet been convinced by the effectiveness of those evaluation method and criteria. This study discusses spatial audito reproduction of the various floor impact-borne sounds for auditory demonstrations to increase the laypersons’ understanding of the acoustic features of impact sources. The impact-borne sounds generated both by the standard impact sources used in evaluation and by some actual ones were recorded at a test-bed built in a typical apartment type. Their sound levels and reverberation times were also obtained across 1/3rd octave bands for reference. A multi-channel audio playback system engaging front/rear/ceiling speakers with subwoofers was integrated in a test-bed with a typical setting of living environment to reproduce a realistic sound field. It was optimized to create the sounds close to those actually heard in the room. The impact-borne sounds of the different damping floor systems will also be presented.
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Huang, C. J., C. H. Yeh, C. Y. Chen, and S. T. Chang. "Ground vibrations and airborne sounds generated by motion of rock in a river bed." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 5 (October 21, 2008): 1139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-1139-2008.
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Abstract. This study investigates how ground vibrations (underground sounds) and airborne sounds that are produced by rocks in a river bed differ from each other. Airborne and underground sounds were simultaneously received at three microphones and three geophones, respectively. These sound signals were then analyzed using both the Fast Fourier Transform and the Gabor Transform to represent them in both the frequency and time-frequency domains. Experimental data indicate that the frequency of both airborne and underground sounds produced by the impact of rocks against the river bed is in the range 10–150 Hz. Furthermore, the high-frequency band of underground sounds decays much more rapidly than that of airborne sounds. The spatial decay rate of airborne sounds was also determined and compared with theoretical values. The lower spatial decay rate of airborne sounds than that of underground sounds suggests that monitoring of airborne sounds may be more efficient in the detection of debris flows or other natural hazards that generate both airborne and underground sounds.
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Mok, Hin-Kiu, Yen-Wei Chang, Michael L. Fine, Keryea Soong, Yu-Yun Chen, Richard G. Gilmore, Linus Yung-Sheng Chiu, Shi-Lin Hsu, and Hai-Jin Chang. "Pulsed sounds caused by internal oxygen transport during photosynthesis in the seagrass Halophila ovalis." PeerJ 12 (September 26, 2024): e18114. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18114.
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Oxygen bubbles that leak from seagrass blades during photosynthesis have been hypothesized to cause cavitation sounds in aquatic plants. Here we investigate low-amplitude sounds with regular pulse rates produced during photosynthesis in seagrass beds of Halophila ovalis (Qitou Bay, Penghu islands and Cigu Lagoon, Taiwan). Sound pulses appear in the morning when illumination exceeds 10,000 Lux, peak at midday and decrease in midafternoon on a sunny day. Frequencies peak between 1 to 4 kHz, durations range between ca. 1.8 to 4.8 ms, and sound pressure level 1 cm from the bed is 105.4 ± 0.5 dB re 1 μPa (1100 h on a cloudy day). Sounds attenuate rapidly with distance, disappearing beyond 15 cm. Blocking sunlight or administering herbicide stops ongoing sounds. Gas bubbles are not typically seen during sound production ruling out cavitation, and external force (scissor cutting or plant pressed against the substrate) applied to the patch, leaves, petioles, or rhizomes generally increases pulse rate. We suggest sound emission is caused by internal oxygen transport through pores in diaphragms (a whistle mechanism) at the leaf base and nodes of the rhizome.
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Migdal, Pawel, Paweł Bieńkowski, Małgorzata Cebrat, Ewelina Berbeć, Mateusz Plotnik, Agnieszka Murawska, Przemysław Sobkiewicz, Agnieszka Łaszkiewicz, and Krzysztof Latarowski. "Exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field induces a response of the honey bee organism on the level of enzyme activity and the expression of stress-related genes." PLOS ONE 18, no. 5 (May 12, 2023): e0285522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285522.
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There are many artificial sources of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) in the environment, with a value between 100 MHz and 6 GHz. The most frequently used signal is with a frequency of around 900 MHz. The direction of these changes positively impacts the quality of life, enabling easy communication from almost anywhere in the world. All living organisms in the world feel the effects of the electromagnetic field on them. The observations regarding the influence of a RF-EMF on honey bees, describing the general impact of RF-EMF on the colony and/or behavior of individual bees, such as reduction in the number of individuals in colonies, extended homing flight duration, decrease in breeding efficiency, changes in flight direction (movement of bees toward the areas affected by RF-EMF), increase in the intensity and frequency of sounds characteristic for those announcing the impending danger. In this work, we describe the changes in the levels of some of the stress-related markers in honey bees exposed to varying intensities and duration of RF-EMF. One-day-old honeybee worker bees were used for the study. The bees were randomly assigned to 9 experimental groups which were exposed to the following 900 MHz EMF intensities: 12 V/m, 28 V/m, and 61 V/m for 15 min, 1 h and 3 h. The control group was not exposed to the RF-EMF. Each experimental group consisted of 10 cages in which were 100 bees. Then, hemolymph was collected from the bees, in which the activity was assessed AST, ALT, ALP, GGTP, and level of nonenzymatic antioxidants albumin, creatinine, uric acid, and urea. Bees were also collected for the analysis of rps5, ppo, hsp10, hsp70, hsp90, and vitellogenin gene expression. Our study shows that exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field induces a response in the honey bees that can be detected in the level of enzyme activity and the expression of stress-related genes. The response is similar to the one previously described as a result of exposition to UVB irradiation and most likely cannot be attributed to increased temperature.
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Losleben, Lisa Katrin, Monica Clerici, Villads Holm, and Giuliana Panieri. "Cold seeps symphony." Septentrio Educational, no. 1 (April 28, 2023): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/8.7051.
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Focus: To listen to the Arctic Ocean’s sounds and to learn about the Arctic Ocean’s biodiversity, particularly near cold seeps. We will experiment with creating new sound expressions inspired by the Ocean. For pupils with hearing impairment, pupils can create a bodily expression of this and/or use instruments they are comfortable with. Learning objectives: With this activity pupils will start to understand: The multitude of sounds audible in the Ocean and near to cold seeps at the sea-bed. That the oceans, including the Arctic Ocean, harbors great biodiversity. What an oceanographic ship is, and the anthropic sounds related to it. Key words: Ocean research, exploration, human/non-human relationship within ocean, sounds, place, noise.
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Ji, Ki-Hwan. "Atypical Catathrenia Mimicking Sleep Choking Sound of Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Sleep Medicine Research 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17241/smr.2023.01634.
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Catathrenia is a rare type of sleep-related breathing disorder with benign course and generally does not require treatment. However, the psychological burden on patients and bed partners is not light. In most cases, due to the sound characteristic of identifiable harmonics, it can be easily diagnosed; however, in some cases, it has non-typical sounds, and polysomnography is essential to diagnose. Here, I report a middle-aged woman with choking sounds like an obstructive sleep apnea patient during sleep, with typical polysomnography features of catathrenia.
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Orhan, Cemre, and Semiha Yilmazer. "Exploring the pediatric intensive care unit soundscape from health professionals' perspective." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 268, no. 2 (November 30, 2023): 6592–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2023_0978.
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This paper aims to conduct qualitative research that explores health professionals' soundscape perceptions in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). The building is close to the city airport, university campus, and city center in Trabzon, Turkey. Therefore, besides its alarm-driven auditory environment, there are several different sound sources that people are exposed to. PICU has single-bed units with a maximum capacity of seven ICU beds for children (age < 18 years). This paper uses the Grounded Theory (GT) to explore ICU health professionals' perceptions of built and auditory environments, categorize ICU soundscapes, and generate a conceptual framework. Following the ISO/TS 12913-2/3, semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed to discover the subjective responses. Results showed that the most dominant sound sources are human-based and technology-based sounds. Similar to previous soundscape studies, the context was found as the framework's main category. Health professionals responded neutrally to alarms and negatively to irrelevant sounds that cause concentration loss and disturbance.
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Choi, Jong-Ho, Kye-Won Jun, and Chang-Deok Jang. "Bed-Load Collision Sound Filtering through Separation of Pipe Hydrophone Frequency Bands." Water 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 1875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12071875.
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Bed-load discharge of a river can be monitored by indirectly measuring the acoustic pulses generated when the bed load collides with a steel pipe installed on the riverbed (i.e., pipe hydrophone measurement). However, existing methods used for filtering pulses from acoustic signals reflect a combination of bed-load collision frequency bands, thereby limiting characterization capabilities. This study proposes an improved filtering method that separates and efficiently examines frequency bands that are highly correlated with bed-load collision characteristics. Herein, an experimental hydraulic model and bed-load collision sound-measurement system were constructed, and bed-load collision experiments were repeatedly performed for collecting acoustic data using a pipe hydrophone. Fast Fourier Transform analysis was performed on data to select the specific frequency bands and pressures reflecting the bed-load particle size. Furthermore, a bandpass method to examine bed-load collision sounds is also presented herein. Results indicate that in comparison with existing filtering methods, the proposed bandpass method yields higher detection rates under bed-load conditions of low flow rate and small particle size, thereby demonstrating its enhanced effectiveness.
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Jones, Alice, R. Douglas Jones, Kevin Kwong, and Yvonne Burns. "Effect of Positioning on Recorded Lung Sound Intensities in Subjects Without Pulmonary Dysfunction." Physical Therapy 79, no. 7 (July 1, 1999): 682–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/79.7.682.
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Abstract Background and Purpose. Physical therapists often use positioning to assist in the reexpansion of collapsed lung segments. An increase in lung sound intensity on auscultation is considered indicative of lung expansion. This study was designed to examine whether clinical interpretation of auscultatory findings is warranted. Subjects. The subjects (5 male, 6 female) were young physical therapist students without pulmonary dysfunction (mean age=20.4 years, mean height=166.3 cm, mean weight=57.5 kg). Subjects with lung disease were excluded because pulmonary pathology is difficult to standardize. Methods. Lung sounds electronically recorded over the posterior chest wall of subjects in sitting and side-lying positions were compared. Measures included peak intensity, frequency at maximum power, and median frequency. Results. In the sitting position, inspiratory sounds recorded over the left posterior chest wall were louder than those recorded on the right side. In the side-lying positions, the sound intensity recorded from the dependent chest wall was louder than that recorded from the nondependent chest wall. In side-lying positions, the upper hemithorax is “nondependent,” and the side in contact with the bed is “dependent.” Sound intensities recorded over both posterior chest walls in the sitting position were louder than those recorded over the same lung area in the nondependent side-lying position. There was no difference in the sound intensity recorded between the sitting and dependent side-lying postures. Conclusion and Discussion. When comparative auscultation of the chest wall is used by physical therapists to assess the adequacy of pulmonary ventilation, patient posture and regional differences in breath sound intensity can influence clinical interpretation.
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Inaba, R., and A. Okada. "Study on the Effects of Infra- and Low Frequency Sound on the Sleep by EEG Recording." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 7, no. 1 (March 1988): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026309238800700103.
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This study was performed to investigate the effects of infra- and low frequency sound on sleep. Healthy students were periodically exposed to sound stimuli with frequencies of 10, 20, 40 and 63 Hz throughout their sleep while EEG was continuously recorded. The effects were evaluated by the reaction rate and the changes of sleep pattern which consisted of the sleep efficiency index, numbers of changes in sleep stage and the proportion of each sleep stage to time in bed. The reaction rate was highest in sleep stage 1 and lowest in sleep stages 3 & 4. As concerns the exposures at sound pressure levels under 85 dB, there were no significant differences in the reaction rates for the four frequencies used. On the other hand, for sound pressure levels over 85 dB, the reaction rates observed at 40 and 63 Hz were significantly higher than those observed at 10 and 20 Hz. The sleep pattern was not significantly affected by exposure to the sounds used in this experiment.
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Kim, Yong-Hee, Soon-Seong Moon, and Jun-Oh Yeon. "Impact Sound Reduction Performances of Additional Floor Mats for the Retrofitting of an Existing Apartment Building in Accordance with Test-Bed Conditions." Applied Sciences 14, no. 4 (February 19, 2024): 1665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14041665.
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Floor mats are commonly used to improve the impact sound performance of existing homes, but actual impact sound reductions do not consistently appear, as they depend on the test-bed conditions used to determine impact sound performance. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of the environmental conditions of the test bed on the impact sound reduction performances of different floor mats. The Korean industrial standard KS F 2865 specifies the measurement method in the test room and sets the thickness range of the available target floor structure to bare slabs with thicknesses ranging from 120 mm to 210 mm. The evaluation method is ∆L, which is the difference in standardized impact sound levels before and after the installation of the floor finishing material. In this study, a total of eight types of floor mats were tested in four different test beds according to KS F 2865. The impact sources used were tapping, bang machines, and a rubber ball, and we used these sources to consider both light-weight and heavy-weight impact sounds. The results were derived as the impact sound reduction performance for each frequency band and a single-number quantity. The results showed that light impact sound had a similar minimum reduction characteristic of at least 38 dB, regardless of the floor structure on which the mat was installed. However, the heavy-weight impact sound showed different tendencies depending on the floor mat and the characteristics of the floor structure of the test bed when a bang machine and a rubber ball were used. In particular, the reduction achieved by the bang machine showed less than half the tendency of the reduction by the rubber ball, and the tendency of the heavy-weight impact sound was shown to be reducible depending on how the floor mat was maintained, but the reductions differed depending on the test bed. The reductions were larger in the box-type test room than in the real-life-type test room, and among the box-type test rooms, the one with a thicker bare slab showed a relatively larger reduction. In addition, the reliability of the measurement results was evaluated through a correlation analysis between the single-number quantities depending on the thicknesses of the bare slabs of the test beds.
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Fernández Gómez, Jorge. "The European Green Deal and the energy transition: challenges and opportunities for industrial companies." Boletín de Estudios Económicos 76, no. 232 (April 14, 2022): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/bee.2334.
Full textAbstract:
This article reviews the challenges and opportunities facing industrial companies in europe as a result of the implementation of the European Green Deal, the growth and competitiveness strategy for the European Union announced by the European Commission in December 2019. The objective of achieving a reduction of 55% in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2030 relative to 1990 and zero net emissions in 2050 will force industrial companies to take urgent steps to decarbonize their activities. This will imply profound changes in their business operations and the need to invest in new technologies and processes and substitute clean energy for conventional fossil fuels. In order to support this transformation, sound innovation policies must be put in place and an efficient sustainable finance ecosystem must be developed. The article explores how industrial companies can transform their operations while simultaneously complying with the grand objectives of the European Green Deal and preserving and even enhancing their competitiveness.
Received: 21 June 2021Accepted: 3 February 2022
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Spangler, Hayward G. "Sound and the moths that infest bee hives." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 85, S1 (May 1989): S119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2026677.
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Popp, Constantin, and Damian T. Murphy. "Creating Audio Object-Focused Acoustic Environments for Room-Scale Virtual Reality." Applied Sciences 12, no. 14 (July 20, 2022): 7306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12147306.
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Room-scale virtual reality (VR) affordance in movement and interactivity causes new challenges in creating virtual acoustic environments for VR experiences. Such environments are typically constructed from virtual interactive objects that are accompanied by an Ambisonic bed and an off-screen (“invisible”) music soundtrack, with the Ambisonic bed, music, and virtual acoustics describing the aural features of an area. This methodology can become problematic in room-scale VR as the player cannot approach or interact with such background sounds, contradicting the player’s motion aurally and limiting interactivity. Written from a sound designer’s perspective, the paper addresses these issues by proposing a musically inclusive novel methodology that reimagines an acoustic environment predominately using objects that are governed by multimodal rule-based systems and spatialized in six degrees of freedom using 3D binaural audio exclusively while minimizing the use of Ambisonic beds and non-diegetic music. This methodology is implemented using off-the-shelf, creator-oriented tools and methods and is evaluated through the development of a standalone, narrative, prototype room-scale VR experience. The experience’s target platform is a mobile, untethered VR system based on head-mounted displays, inside-out tracking, head-mounted loudspeakers or headphones, and hand-held controllers. The authors apply their methodology to the generation of ambiences based on sound-based music, sound effects, and virtual acoustics. The proposed methodology benefits the interactivity and spatial behavior of virtual acoustic environments but may be constrained by platform and project limitations.
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Truong, Thu Huong, Huu Du Nguyen, Thi Quynh Anh Mai, Hoang Long Nguyen, Tran Nhat Minh Dang, and Thi-Thu-Hong Phan. "A deep learning-based approach for bee sound identification." Ecological Informatics 78 (December 2023): 102274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102274.
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Patitsas, A. J. "Snow sounds when rubbing or impacting a snow bed." Canadian Journal of Physics 93, no. 11 (November 2015): 1302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2014-0612.
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The acoustic emissions from rubbing the ends of baseball bats, thin wood rods, and the soles of rubber boots on a snow bed were recorded and analyzed. The same analysis was also extended to the acoustic emissions from impacting a snow bed by small pestles and by subjecting a snow bed to relatively large stresses by stepping on it with shoes of variable rigidity. It is shown that when a snow bed is lightly rubbed, the acoustic emissions originate from vibration mode excitation in the rubbing body. It is argued that when highly granular cold snow is impacted by a small pestle, the acoustic emissions could originate with mode excitation in granule vibration bands around the pestle end, as in the case of impacted singing sands. Layers of highly granular and rounded snow pellets, seemingly formed from frozen raindrops, could contribute especially to snow avalanches. When walking on a snow bed, the acoustic emissions include squeaky sounds that originate from mode excitation in the shoe sole and crunchy and squeally sounds that could originate with crack growth and crystal dislocation processes in the sheared matrix of snow grains and grain bonds.
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Khajuria, Aayushi, Nitesh Singh Malan, Rishabh Bajpai, Dimpy Kapoor, Ashish Mishra, Shivkumar S. Harti, Medha Kulkarni, and Deepak Joshi. "Investigating the Brain Activity Correlates of Humming Bee Sound during Bhramari Pranayama." Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 26, no. 4 (2023): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/aian.aian_418_23.
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Abstract Context: Previous research has shown the vast benefits associated with BhP. However, the dynamics of cortical activity in connection with Bhramari sound have not been investigated yet. Aim: To investigate the cortical activity in connection with Bhramari sound. Settings and Design: Humming sound was analyzed with a custom-made nasal device consisting of MAX4466 sensor time synchronized with the EEG setup. We anticipated that the modulation of cortical activity with the humming sound (either of long or short durations) leaves its effects after the Pranayama, which helps to understand the positive impacts of BhP. Methods and Material: 30 participants were instructed to perform the BhP for a period of 90 seconds. We proposed to investigate the cortical correlates before, during, and after the BhP through EEG. A custom-made nasal device consisting of MAX4466 sensor time synchronized with the EEG setup was used for analyzing the humming sound. Statistical Analysis Used: A paired t-test (P < 0.05) with a Bonferroni correction is carried out to explore the statistically significant difference in power spectral density (PSD) values. Results: Results show that the relative spectral power in theta band for short humming durations (less than or equal to 9 seconds) was similar on the frontal cortex during and after the Pranayama practice (P > 0.05) in most of the subjects. Conclusions: In conclusion, for the immediate positive effects of BhP, the humming duration should be kept less than or equal to 9 seconds. A wearable sound recording system can be developed in the future as a feedback system that provides biofeedback to the user so that a constant humming duration can be maintained.
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Yamato, Kazuki, Ikuo Matsuo, Ryuzo Takahashi, Naoto Matsubara, and Hiroki Yasuma. "Call Localization of Fat Greenling Hexagrammos otakii Using Two Stereo Underwater Recorders." Marine Technology Society Journal 52, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.52.4.13.
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AbstractA recent study revealed that fat greenling Hexagrammos otakii produces call sounds during the spawning season; the number of fish calls increases on the spawning day. However, it is unknown where and how many individual fat greenling produce fish calls. This behavior of fat greenling could be estimated by localizing the fish calls. We propose a sound localization method that uses two stereo recorders, which can then be used to estimate two time differences of arrival for each fish call. First, the calls of fat greenling are recorded by two stereo recorders for 3 weeks during the spawning season. Second, the calls of fat greenling are detected from the recorded data by the automatic detection algorithm, which uses the acoustic features of the fish call, and the positions of fish calls are estimated by the proposed sound localization method. The analysis of the recorded data by using the proposed method localized most of the fish calls near the spawning bed. Furthermore, the number of calling individuals may be estimated by analyzing the relation between the time the fish call is produced and its localized position.
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Langde, A. M., and R. L. Sonolikar. "The influence of acoustic field and frequency on hydrodynamics of group B particles." Thermal Science 15, no. 1 (2011): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci100120054l.
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Sound Assisted Fluidized Bed (SAFB) of group B particles (180?m glass bead) has been studied in a 46mm I.D. column with aspect ratios of 1.4 and 2.9. A loudspeaker mounted on the top of the bed was supplied by a function generator with square wave to generate the sound as the source of vibration of the fluidized bed. The sound pressure level (referred to 20?pa) was varied from 102 to 140dB and frequencies from 70Hz to 170Hz were applied. The effects of sound pressure level, sound frequency and particle loading on the properties of SAFB were investigated. The experimental result showed that the minimum fluidization velocity decreased with the increase in sound pressure level, also minimum fluidization velocity was varied with variation of frequencies. At resonance frequency minimum fluidization velocity was found to be minimum. The bed height did not show an appreciable increase in presence of high acoustic field and at resonant frequency. Minimum fluidization velocity verses frequency curve in presence of sound intensity varied with variation of bed weight.
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Rembold, Christopher M., and Paul M. Suratt. "An upper airway resonator model of high-frequency inspiratory sounds in children with sleep-disordered breathing." Journal of Applied Physiology 98, no. 5 (May 2005): 1855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01231.2004.
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The goal of this study was to determine how high-frequency inspiratory sounds (HFIS) are generated by sleeping children with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (OSDB). We hypothesized that HFIS are generated when a high-velocity jet of air, generated by a narrowed upper airway, induces the upper airway to act as a resonating chamber. We tested two predictions of this hypothesis: 1) the upper airway is narrowed in children who make HFIS and 2) the length of the upper airway, calculated from HFIS harmonic intervals, is similar to that calculated from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The study was conducted in the setting of a sleep laboratory. Participants included 29 children between 6 and 12 yr of age with adenotonsillar hypertrophy suspected of having OSDB. Minimum cross-sectional airway area and airway long dimensions (lips to larynx or soft palate) were measured in awake children with MRIs. Later that night, sound was recorded with a microphone suspended above their bed while the children underwent polysomnography. Sounds were later analyzed with fast Fourier transforms. We found that sleeping children who generated HFIS had significantly narrower upper airways compared with children who did not make HFIS [minimum airway area 20.5 ± 4.4 vs. 70.9 ± 22.5 mm2 (mean ± SE), respectively; P = 0.02]. There was a significant inverse correlation between the log10 of the narrowest airway area and the number of HFIS recorded per hour ( r2 = 0.55, P < 0.00001). The harmonics characteristics of HFIS predicted that they were generated by sound resonating in chamber whose length was 12.0 ± 0.9 cm, which is similar to the MRI measured distance from the lips to the larynx of 12.8 ± 0.4 cm. In conclusion, these data suggest that children generate HFIS when 1) they have a narrowed upper airway and 2) their upper airway acts as a resonating chamber.
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Al-waili, Noori, Wael N. Hozzein, Gamal Badr, Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Hamza Al-Waili, Khelod Salom, and Thia Al-Waili. "PROPOLIS AND BEE VENOM IN DIABETIC WOUNDS; A POTENTIAL APPROACH THAT WARRANTS CLINICAL INVESTIGATION." African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 12, no. 6 (September 21, 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v12i6.1.
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Background: Wound healing in diabetes mellitus is a complex multi-stage process that requires the proper function of multiple systems. The
mechanisms of impaired wound healing of diabetic wounds are still poorly understood. Therefore, various interventions are being used for wound
management without great success. Bee products have various properties that make them an important addition to the diabetic wound management.
Methods: This review summarized previous and recently published papers of the effects of two bee products, propolis and bee venom, on the wound
healing. The main results were obtained from preclinical experimentation.
Results: Diabetes mellitus compromises immune system, increases infections, impairs wound healing, and affects cells and factors involved in the
wound healing. There is an increasing interest in natural products in modern medicine as part of disease management. Bee products are natural
substances that others and we have explored some of their biological activities and applications in the treatment of various diseases. Some of these
products are bee venom and propolis. These products have analgesic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, both
propolis and bee venom contain considerable amounts of antioxidants that have a great role in accelerating wound healing.
Conclusion: There is sound rationality and scientific data for using propolis and bee venom in diabetic wound healing. We believe that topical
application of propolis in addition to bee venom might have a place in repairing damaged tissues and accelerating the healing of diabetic wounds.
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Zarrillo, Tracy A., and Kimberly A. Stoner. "The bee fauna of an Atlantic coastal plain tidal marsh community in Southern New England, USA." Journal of Melittology, no. 86 (July 8, 2019): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/jom.v0i86.7334.
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With growing evidence of changes in local abundance, geographical range, and species diversity of wild bees, it is imperative to document wild bee communities in representative habitats throughout North America. The Connecticut shoreline has historically been subject to many natural and anthropogenic disturbances, and there is a lack of baseline data regarding bee biodiversity in Connecticut’s maritime habitats. In this study, we characterize the wild bee fauna of a discrete maritime habitat in Connecticut, USA, and examine salt-marsh, beach dune, and coastal scrub bee communities adjacent to Long Island Sound. Patterns found are discussed in relation to recent coastal surveys in New England. Biweekly surveys were conducted at Grass Island (Guilford, CT) over a two-year period (2011-2012) using pan traps and effort-based (timed) net collecting from flowers. A total of 3928 individual bees were collected, representing five families, 18 genera and at least 80 species. Floral records for 374 individuals resulted in associations of 35 bee species with 19 species of flowers. Seventy percent of the bees captured in the net survey were visiting alien plants, with the exotic Rosa rugosa Thunb. having the highest level of bee diversity and relative abundance. The total number of bee species collected in this survey represents approximately 23% of the known Connecticut fauna, including four specialists associated with coastal and wetland habitats. The abundance and diversity of bees visiting alien plants on Grass Island, as well as the occurrence of these sand specialists, may prove to be of conservation concern as the Connecticut shoreline continues to be altered.
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Xu, Qiyan, Zhanghan Gu, Ziwei Wan, Baoguo Wu, and Qian Xie. "Influence of the Application of a Sound Field on the Flow State Reduction of Newman Fine Iron Ore." Processes 9, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040725.
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To improve the fluidization of the fluidized bed in ironmaking, the particle loss and bonding during the fluidized bed are largely removed by changing the properties of the particle surface or by adding an external field. Currently, the vibration, magnetic, sound, and electric fields have been commonly applied to provide external energy to the fluidization bed systems. In this work, experiments are conducted for Newman ore particles under the application of an external sound field at a reduction temperature of 1023 K, linear velocity of 0.6 m/s, duration of 60 min, pressure of 0.2 MPa, and typical mineral powder particle size of 80–100 mesh, with H2 used as the reducing gas. The power and frequency of the ultrasonic field are varied, and the effects of sound field are evaluated by the comparative analysis of the effects of the sound field with different powers of sound fields and application times on the metallization rate and binder ratio of the samples. The acoustic pressure and frequency were varied to determine the critical speed and influence on the bed and to study the interactions of the iron ore powder particles in the sound field and the bonding mechanism of the particles. The results of this paper reproduce the actual particle fluidization process and analysis of the interactions of the particles in the sound field well. The influence of the external sound field on the gas-solid flow was studied from the perspective of macroscopic motion and force analysis.
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Belsky and Joshi. "Impact of Biotic and Abiotic Stressors on Managed and Feral Bees." Insects 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10080233.
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Large-scale declines in bee abundance and species richness over the last decade have sounded an alarm, given the crucial pollination services that bees provide. Population dips have specifically been noted for both managed and feral bee species. The simultaneous increased cultivation of bee-dependent agricultural crops has given rise to additional concern. As a result, there has been a surge in scientific research investigating the potential stressors impacting bees. A group of environmental and anthropogenic stressors negatively impacting bees has been isolated. Habitat destruction has diminished the availability of bee floral resources and nest habitats, while massive monoculture plantings have limited bee access to a variety of pollens and nectars. The rapid spread and increased resistance buildup of various bee parasites, pathogens, and pests to current control methods are implicated in deteriorating bee health. Similarly, many pesticides that are widely applied on agricultural crops and within beehives are toxic to bees. The global distribution of honey bee colonies (including queens with attendant bees) and bumble bee colonies from crop to crop for pollination events has been linked with increased pathogen stress and increased competition with native bee species for limited resources. Climatic alterations have disrupted synchronous bee emergence with flower blooming and reduced the availability of diverse floral resources, leading to bee physiological adaptations. Interactions amongst multiple stressors have created colossal maladies hitting bees at one time, and in some cases delivering additive impacts. Initiatives including the development of wild flower plantings and assessment of pesticide toxicity to bees have been undertaken in efforts to ameliorate current bee declines. In this review, recent findings regarding the impact of these stressors on bees and strategies for mitigating them are discussed.
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Shuvera, Ryan. "“New Life” into Old Sounds." Journal of Popular Music Studies 32, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 178–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jpms.2020.32.2.178.
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Simone Schmidt is a folk and country musician based in tkaronto (Mohawk word from which Toronto, Ontario, is derived). Schmidt's 2017 album Audible Songs from Rockwood is part of their solo work as Fiver and part of an attempt to write “new life into and around folk, country, and rock songs.” The album is based on their time spent at the Archives of Ontario reading the original case files of the Rockwood Asylum for the Criminally Insane that operated in Kingston, Ontario, from 1856 to 1881. The songs are sung from the imagined perspectives of different women imprisoned at Rockwood. I read and engage with Schmidt's work as a performance of unsettling. Unsettlement comes through on this album in direct ways, such as Schmidt's challenges to ideas of land possession and challenges to the bases of the medical and psychiatric designations. More subtle challenges come through the portrayals of the women, which, though largely imagined, come from a place of self-reflexivity. In this paper I will examine how Schmidt uses the sounds of traditional North American folk and country music as a sonic bed for a performance of unsettling on Audible Songs from Rockwood.
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Krzywoszyja, Grzegorz, Ryszard Rybski, and Grzegorz Andrzejewski. "Bee Swarm Detection Based on Comparison of Estimated Distributions Samples of Sound." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 68, no. 10 (October 2019): 3776–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2878594.
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Dimitrios, Kiromitis I., Christos V. Bellos, Konstantinos A. Stefanou, Georgios S. Stergios, Ioannis Andrikos, Thomas Katsantas, and Sotirios Kontogiannis. "Performance Evaluation of Classification Algorithms to Detect Bee Swarming Events Using Sound." Signals 3, no. 4 (November 3, 2022): 807–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/signals3040048.
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This paper presents a machine-learning approach for detecting swarming events. Three different classification algorithms are tested: The k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm (k-NN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), and a newly proposed by the authors, U-Net Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), developed for biomedical image segmentation. Next, the authors present their experimental scenario of collecting audio data of swarming and non-swarming events and evaluating the results from the k-NN and SVM classifiers and their proposed CNN algorithm. Finally, the authors compare these three methods and present the cross-comparison results of the optimal method for early and late/close-to-the-event detection of swarming.
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Schuler, Nico. "Zack Browning: Breakpoint Screamer Eun-Bae Kim: Sounds of Pusan." Computer Music Journal 24, no. 4 (December 2000): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/comj.2000.24.4.75.
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