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Academic literature on the topic 'BEE POPULATION'

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Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "BEE POPULATION"

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Franzén, Markus, and Sven G. Nilsson. "Both population size and patch quality affect local extinctions and colonizations." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, no. 1678 (September 30, 2009): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1584.

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Currently, the habitat of many species is fragmented, resulting in small local populations with individuals occasionally dispersing between the remaining habitat patches. In a solitary bee metapopulation, extinction probability was related to both local bee population sizes and pollen resources measured as host plant population size. Patch size, on the other hand, had no additional predictive power. The turnover rate of local bee populations in 63 habitat patches over 4 years was high, with 72 extinction events and 31 colonization events, but the pollen plant population was stable with no extinctions or colonizations. Both pollen resources and bee populations had strong and independent effects on extinction probability, but connectivity was not of importance. Colonizations occurred more frequently within larger host plant populations. For metapopulation survival of the bee, large pollen plant populations are essential, independent of current bee population size.
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Krampuža, Ilga. "SOME ASPECTS OF BEE POPULATION PRESERVATION." Journal of Regional Economic and Social Development 1, no. 12 (November 17, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/jresd2020vol1.12.5386.

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Destructive influence of pesticides on bee population, as well as on people and the environment has been analysed in the research paper. The aim of the paper is to define topical issues, which have to be solved in order to protect bee population and offer the solutions for bee protection against using of chemicals. The issues of bee population protection have been examined in the context of people and environment protection by the assistance of the systematic method. The comparative method serves in order to view the hazard of bee population in different countries. The development of the normative acts, which regulate bee protection from the impact of pesticides has been discussed by the assistance of the historical method. The following hypothesis has been put forward: the protection of bee population is possible via improvement of the normative legal framework, which refers to the usage of pesticides. The novelty of the research is the offer of a normative act amendment, which would provide the checking of pesticide usage in municipalities.
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Pihler, Ivan, Hrisula Kiprijanovska, Nada Plavsa, Milan Krajinovic, Aleksandar Uzunov, Per Kryger, and Nebojsa Nedic. "Population-genetical characteristics of the bee population of Vojvodina." Genetika 46, no. 1 (2014): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1401219p.

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In 1893. Jovan Zivanovic notes that based on the color of the abdomen of bees, two varieties of bees are present in Vojvodina, one dark and the other with two yellow rings on abdomen. Up to the present time there are mixed opinions about the presence of one or more populations of bees in Vojvodina, especially about the presence of the yellow variety in Banat. The aim of this paper is to establish the existence of one or more populations of bees, using genetic analysis of bees. Evaluation of genetic connections, diversity within the population and structure of the bee population in Vojvodina, were calculated on the basis of allele variation of 25 microsatellite loci. A genetic typification of the following microsatellites was performed: A8, A14, A24, A29, A43, A79, A88, A113, Ac11, Ac88, Ac139, Ac306, Ap15, Ap68, Ap85, Ap90, Ap223, Ap224, Ap226, Ap249, Ap273, Ap274, Ap288, At168, At188. 92% or 23 loci proved to be polymorphic in samples of bees from Srem and Backa, and 88% or 22 loci proved to be polymorphic in samples of bees from Banat. Heterozygosity calculated for the whole population is not significantly different from the expected heterozygosity. It was found that the obtained genetic differences between bees of Srem and Backa, and Banat region are not sufficient for these two populations to be considered separate.
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López-Uribe, Margarita M., Vincent A. Ricigliano, and Michael Simone-Finstrom. "Defining Pollinator Health: A Holistic Approach Based on Ecological, Genetic, and Physiological Factors." Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 8, no. 1 (February 15, 2020): 269–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115045.

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Evidence for global bee population declines has catalyzed a rapidly evolving area of research that aims to identify the causal factors and to effectively assess the status of pollinator populations. The term pollinator health emerged through efforts to understand causes of bee decline and colony losses, but it lacks a formal definition. In this review, we propose a definition for pollinator health and synthesize the available literature on the application of standardized biomarkers to assess health at the individual, colony, and population levels. We focus on biomarkers in honey bees, a model species, but extrapolate the potential application of these approaches to monitor the health status of wild bee populations. Biomarker-guided health measures can inform beekeeper management decisions, wild bee conservation efforts, and environmental policies. We conclude by addressing challenges to pollinator health from a One Health perspective that emphasizes the interplay between environmental quality and human, animal, and bee health.
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Lisohurska, O. V., D. V. Lisohurska, V. M. Sokolyuk, S. V. Furman, M. M. Kryvyi, and I. P. Ligomina. "Inventory of managed honey bee population in Zhytomyr region (Ukraine)." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 1 (February 15, 2020): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_21.

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Over the last decades, the number of honey bee colonies in the world has been declining. A honey bee is the most important pollinator in agriculture. According to estimates, such a situation can threaten the food security of humanity. The purpose was to investigate the specific aspects of the managed honey bee population in Zhytomyr region. The population dynamics, number, and density were determined. For this purpose the statistics of the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine on the number of bee colonies by categories of producers in Ukraine and Zhytomyr region were used. It was established that in Zhytomyr region over the past quarter century, the population of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) has increased by 2 times up to 193.4 thousand colonies. During the same period, the number of bee colonies in Ukraine has increased by 1.4 times. At present, Zhytomyr region is a leader in the state in the development of the beekeeping industry. Eight percent of all honey bee colonies in the country are concentrated here. In the Zhytomyr region, the density of honey bee population is one of the highest in Ukraine. 82 colonies are concentrated here on one conditional pasture area (1256 hectares), with 7 colonies per 100 hectares of land. In Ukraine, these indicators are 52 and 4 respectively. The distribution of bee colonies in the region is uneven. The vast majority of colonies (58.5%) are concentrated in the Polissia. There are from 1 to 18 colonies per 100 hectares of land in each of the units in the region, on the conditional pasture area from 16 to 224. The results of these studies are relevant for the commodity apiaries for the rational use of honey flow and to make a well-considered decision on the prospect of increasing the number of bee colonies. Further work will be aimed at the investigation into the melliferous base and the calculation of the feed balance of the beekeeping industry in Zhytomyr region.
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KULICI, Manjola. "Comparative Analysis of Differentiation of the Albanian Bee Population Made by the Wings Traits and Other Morphological Traits." Eurasia Proceedings of Health, Environment and Life Sciences 4 (February 16, 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55549/ephels.25.

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This study treats a comparative analysis of local differentiation of Albanian bee population according to 12 front wing traits and 18 other traits. To conduct this study, were used evaluations for the averages of these morphological traits measured in 3600 honey bees, in 60 different regions, scattered in all the place territory. The measurement of 30 traits was done using Scan Photo Technique (SPT). Local differentiation that was obtained in Albanian bee population by its front wing traits is not great. This differentiation does not explain by the phenomenon of isolation in distance. Human interventions in the bee population, made over the past fifteen years have brought significant changes in the morphological variations of the morphological traits. By increasing the number of morphological traits was best evidenced the local differentiation of Albanian bee. Populations were approximately grouped in three groups according to climatic zones: subpopulations group in the north east region; the subpopulations group in the field coastal area and the subpopulations group in central and east Albania. Such a differentiation of our bee population can be a consequence of the phenomena of “differentiation in distance” or the effects of genes exchanges.
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Tanasković, Marija, Pavle Erić, Aleksandra Patenković, Katarina Erić, Milica Mihajlović, Vanja Tanasić, Szilvia Kusza, Andrzej Oleksa, Ljubiša Stanisavljević, and Slobodan Davidović. "Further Evidence of Population Admixture in the Serbian Honey Bee Population." Insects 13, no. 2 (February 9, 2022): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13020180.

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Socioeconomic interests and beekeeper preferences have often taken precedence over the conservation of locally native honey bee subspecies, leading to the predominance of admixture populations in human-dominated areas. To assess the genetic diversity of contemporary managed Serbian honey bee colonies, we used 14 microsatellite loci and analyzed 237 worker bees from 46 apiaries in eight localities of northern and southern Serbia. Furthermore, we compared data for nine microsatellite loci with 338 individuals from Italy, Hungary, Poland, and Spain. The standard parameters of genetic diversity in Serbian honey bee populations were in line with other analyses, although somewhat smaller. STRUCTURE analysis showed the existence of two equally distributed genetic clusters and Analysis of molecular variances could not confirm the presence of a geographically discrete population but showed local differences. Discriminant analysis of principal components showed overlapping of worker bees from different parts of Serbia. Clear genetic differentiation can be observed when comparing all populations between geographical regions and their corresponding subspecies. The absence of the A. m. macedonica subspecies from its historical distribution range in southern Serbia as well as the lack of distinctive geographical groups suggest that selective breeding, queen import, and migratory beekeeping practices strongly influence the genetic structure and diversity of honey bees, leading to the genetic uniformization and creation of the admixture population.
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Goettel, Mark S., Grant M. Duke, and D. Wayne Goerzen. "PATHOGENICITY OF ASCOSPHAERA LARVIS TO LARVAE OF THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE, MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA." Canadian Entomologist 129, no. 6 (December 1997): 1059–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1291059-6.

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AbstractLaboratory assays and field surveys showed that Ascosphaera larvis (Bissett) is a pathogen of alfalfa leafcutting bee larvae, capable of causing high mortality in commercial populations. In one population, over 21% of bees were found to be infected by A. larvis. However, overall levels of the disease are low and it is unlikely that this pathogen poses an immediate threat to commercial leafcutting bee populations in Canada. The LD50 was determined to be 1.9 × 105 spores/bee. Elevated levels of CO2 are required for in vitro spore germination. The disease can easily be diagnosed within bee cells by X-ray radiography, thereby enabling disease levels to be monitored using conventional methods utilized by the industry to monitor leafcutting bee quality.
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Ngo, Thi-Nha, Dan Jeric Arcega Rustia, En-Cheng Yang, and Ta-Te Lin. "Honey Bee Colony Population Daily Loss Rate Forecasting and an Early Warning Method Using Temporal Convolutional Networks." Sensors 21, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 3900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113900.

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The population loss rate of a honey bee colony is a critical index to verify its health condition. Forecasting models for the population loss rate of a honey bee colony can be an essential tool in honey bee health management and pave a way to early warning methods in the understanding of potential abnormalities affecting a honey bee colony. This work presents a forecasting and early warning algorithm for the population daily loss rate of honey bee colonies and determining warning levels based on the predictions. Honey bee colony population daily loss rate data were obtained through embedded image systems to automatically monitor in real-time the in-and-out activity of honey bees at hive entrances. A forecasting model was trained based on temporal convolutional neural networks (TCN) to predict the following day’s population loss rate. The forecasting model was optimized by conducting feature importance analysis, feature selection, and hyperparameter optimization. A warning level determination method using an isolation forest algorithm was applied to classify the population daily loss rate as normal or abnormal. The integrated algorithm was tested on two population loss rate datasets collected from multiple honey bee colonies in a honey bee farm. The test results show that the forecasting model can achieve a weighted mean average percentage error (WMAPE) of 17.1 ± 1.6%, while the warning level determination method reached 90.0 ± 8.5% accuracy. The forecasting model developed through this study can be used to facilitate efficient management of honey bee colonies and prevent colony collapse.
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Oddie, Melissa, Bjørn Dahle, and Peter Neumann. "Reduced Postcapping Period in Honey Bees Surviving Varroa destructor by Means of Natural Selection." Insects 9, no. 4 (October 24, 2018): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects9040149.

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The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor is a key factor for colony losses in European honey bee subspecies (Apis mellifera), but it is also known that some host populations have adapted to the mite by means of natural selection. The role of a shorter host brood postcapping period in reducing mite reproductive success has been investigated in other surviving subspecies, however its role in the adaptation of European honey bee populations has not been addressed. Here, we use a common garden approach to compare the length of the worker brood postcapping period in a Norwegian surviving honey bee population with the postcapping period of a local susceptible population. The data show a significantly shorter postcapping period in the surviving population for ~10% of the brood. Since even small differences in postcapping period can significantly reduce mite reproductive success, this mechanism may well contribute to natural colony survival. It appears most likely that several mechanisms acting together produce the full mite-surviving colony phenotype.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "BEE POPULATION"

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Beveridge, Maxine. "Molecular ecology of Dawson's burrowing bee Amegilla dawsoni (Hymenoptera: Anthophorini)." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0091.

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[Truncated abstract] In the last two decades, the use of microsatellites has revolutionized the study of ecology and evolution. Microsatellites, or short tandem repeats (STRs), are stretches of DNA repeats, 1 to 5 nucleotides long, where the number of repeats varies between individuals. They are co-dominant, highly variable, neutral markers, and are inherited in a Mendelian fashion. Microsatellite loci were isolated from Dawson’s burrowing bee, Amegilla dawsoni, a large, fast-flying solitary nesting bee endemic to the arid zone of Western Australia. Twelve polymorphic loci were found with an observed number of alleles ranging from two to 24 and observed heterozygosities between 0.17 and 0.85. These loci were used to examine two aspects of this bee’s molecular ecology; its population structure and mating system ... The molecular data were also used to show that the nesting female is the mother of all her offspring and that brood parasitism is unlikely in this species. The data indicate that females make daughters at the beginning of the season followed by large sons in the middle, and then small sons at the end. Females often place one brood cell directly above another. The distribution of sex and morph in these doublets follows a pattern with most containing a female on the bottom and a minor male on the top, followed by almost equal numbers of female on top of female and minor male on top of major male. This pattern is likely favoured by emergence patterns, with males emerging before females and minor males emerging before major males. I suggest that although minor males have low reproductive success, their production may nonetheless be beneficial in that minor males open up emergence tunnels for their larger and reproductively more valuable siblings. In addition, minor males may represent the ‘best of a bad job’ provisioning tactic arising from changes in the costs to nesting females of gathering brood provisions over the course of the flight season. This thesis demonstrates that microsatellites can be used to answer many questions regarding the molecular ecology of a species from the behaviour of the bees on a population scale to the mating behaviour of individual bees and how they allocate resources for the next generation. Many other aspects of the bee’s ecology could also be examined now that suitable molecular markers exist.
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Pelin, Adrian. "Population Genome-wide Analysis of Geographically Distant Isolates of the Bee Pathogen Nosema Ceranae." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32477.

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Microsporidia are a peculiar phylum of ancestral fungal relatives who have remained enigmatic and largely unknown up until the end of last century. Recent research has revealed some clues about their parasitic life style, and provided some answers regarding their basic biology. Research done as part of my Master’s degree has combined next generation genome sequencing and with powerful bioinformatics analyses to make new contributions in the field of microsporidian biology. In this dissertation, I will focus on describing the results of my main project, a population genomic study of an economically important microsporidium, Nosema ceranae. Infections from this species have been associated with recent global declines in the populations of western honeybees (Apis mellifera). Despite the outstanding economic and ecological threat that N. ceranae may represent for honeybees worldwide, many aspects of its biology, including its mode of reproduction, propagation and ploidy, are either very unclear or unknown. In my thesis, I aimed to expand our knowledge of N. ceranae biology by sequencing the genome of 8 isolates (i.e. a population of spores isolated from one single beehive) of this species harvested from 8 geographically distant beehives, and by investigating their level of polymorphism. Consistent with previous analysis performed using single gene sequences, my analyses exposed a very high genetic diversity within each isolate, but also very little hive-specific polymorphism. My investigations on the nature, location and distribution of this variation revealed that that beehives around the globe are infected by a population of N. ceranae cells that are polyploid (4n or more) and clonal. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses I performed using genome-wide SNP data extracted from these parasites and mitochondrial sequences from their hosts all failed to support the current geographical structure of our isolates, suggesting that the isolates we analyzed have probably spread through human intervention. Altogether, research done as part of my Master’s degree has resulted in essential breakthroughs in our biological understanding of an economically and ecologically important parasite of honeybees.
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Smith, Alan William. "Population dynamics and chemical ecology of the honey bee tracheal mite, Acarapis woodi (Acari: tarsonemidae), in Ohio /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487677267729617.

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Dellicour, Simon. "Etude de l'histoire évolutive d'insectes phytophages: approche phylogéographique et développements méthodologiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209374.

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Yeni, Filiz. "Determination Of Polymorphism Of Pgm, Hk, Pgi, And G6pd In Different Developmental Stages Of Honey Bee (apis Mellifera L.) And Its Relation With Pgm Activity And Glycogen Content." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611930/index.pdf.

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In this study, three subspecies of Apis mellifera L. (A. m. caucasica, A. m. carnica, and A. m. syriaca) from different climatic regions were evaluated electrophoretically at ontogenetic level by means of four enzymes, namely Phosphoglucomutase (PGM), Hexokinase (HK), Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) and Glukose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). It is determined that only Pgm and Hk loci were polymorphic. Allele and genotype frequencies at Pgm locus changes seasonally whereas Hk locus does not exhibit seasonal variation. Within the scope of this study we investigated at which developmental stage shifting to heterozygotes prior to winter occurs. It is found that there is a seasonal fluctuation throughout the year in Pgm genotype frequencies at each developmental stage studied and correlated with enzyme activity and glycogen content. As the studied enzymes have crucial v roles in insect energy metabolism, results of this study provided further information about the relationship between carbohydrate metabolism and enzyme polymorphism of honey bees.
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Radloff, S. E. (Sarah E. ). 1948. "Multivariate analysis of selected honeybee populations in Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005420.

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Morphometric characters and sting pheromones of worker honeybees, Apis mellifera Linnaeus were analysed by multivariate methods to characterise selected honeybee populations along five transects in Africa at a meso-scale level of sampling distance resolution. In some, but not all, areas pheromonal clusters were found to be coincident and concordant with the morphometric clusters, thus indicating that different honeybee traits have dispersed variably among populations. All transects were found to contain areas of significantly high variance. High intracolonial variance was taken to indicate localised genetic variation coupled with out-cross matings. Centroids of high intercolonial variance occured at and between cluster boundaries and were typical of transitions between, and rainfall-temperature discontinuities within, ecological-climatological zones, hence areas of ecological instability. Principal component and stepwise discriminant analysis yielded three morphometric clusters corresponding to A. m. sahariensis and A. m. intermissa in Morocco and to A. m. iberica (with three biometric populations) in Spain, but no pheromone clusters. The combined morphometric and pheromonal variance spectra indicated regions of natural hybridisation along a Sahara-Pyrenees transect. In the Horn of Africa, discrete and statistically homogeneous populations were identified: A. m. jemenitica, A. m. bandasii, A. m. sudanensis in Ethiopia and an unclassified group in southwestern Somalia. Areas of high intercolonial variance were interpreted as zones of hybridisation between the populations. Along a transect in west central Africa, three distinct homogeneous populations and two zones of hybridisation were found. These bees were designated as A. m. adansonii whose area of distribution was intruded by an un-named mountain group of bees and a third group, A. m. jemenitica. The delineation of the hybrid zones was supported by intercolonial variance spectra and these significant asymmetries were found to be coincident with transitions between the ecological-climatological zones. In southwestern Africa, two discrete homogeneous populations and a zone of hybridisation between them were identified: A. m. scutellata in northern South Africa and southern Namibia and A. m. adansonii in northern Namibia. Along a transect in the southeastern woodland savanna of Africa, three discrete populations were classified: A. m. litorea in Mozambique, A. m. scutellata in Zimbabwe and A. m. adansonii in northwestern Zambia. A zone of introgression between the last two subspecies occured in south-central Zambia and in the Zambezi valley.
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Delaney, Deborah A. "Genetic characterization of U.S. honey bee populations." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2008/d_delaney_070108.pdf.

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Travassos, Guilherme Fonseca. "Two essays on consumer demand and population aging in Brazil." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2018. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/19423.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Esta tese estuda dois tópicos sobre a demanda do consumidor e o envelhecimento populacional usando dados do Brasil. Mas, em primeiro lugar, apresentamos um capítulo introdutório sobre a situação dos idosos no Brasil abordando aspectos como a transição demográfica, o perfil dos idosos brasileiros, as condições sócias demográficas deste segmento e, finalmente, as consequências e as tendências do envelhecimento da população no Brasil. A intenção deste capítulo é introduzir os problemas de pesquisa relacionados à população idosa que serão apresentados nos próximos capítulos. No primeiro ensaio, analisamos o nível de bem-estar dos idosos. Compreender esse tema é importante para a formulação de políticas públicas e de transferência de renda para os idosos, como o cálculo das taxas de pobreza, do seguro de vida e das pensões por morte. No entanto, este tema é pouco conhecido nos países em desenvolvimento e estimativas de economias ricas podem ter uma validade externa limitada em comparação àqueles países. Assim, essa aplicação torna-se relevante no contexto brasileiro, uma vez que a grande maioria dos idosos sobrevive de programas de transferência de renda, tais como pensões pós morte e aposentadoria. Os resultados indicaram que as preferências dos idosos no Brasil são muito similares por gênero e ambos são mais sensíveis às mudanças nas despesas e nos preços dos bens relacionados à saúde. Os resultados indicaram substanciais economias de escala e a participação do idoso aumentando à medida que as despesas totais cresciam. A escala da OCDE subestima a pobreza entre idosas em casais e superestima a pobreza entre idosos homens em casais. No caso das viúvas e dos viúvos, na maioria dos períodos, a escala da OCDE subestima as taxas de pobreza. Finalmente, encontramos que a queda no bem-estar material após a morte da esposa é bastante substancial para os idosos homens e o oposto foi observado para as idosas. O segundo ensaio compara os padrões de gastos de consumo e a demanda, medida por elasticidades preços e dispêndio, dos domicílios em que o idoso ou o adulto não-idoso são os responsáveis, levando em consideração os fatores socioeconômicos associados ao comportamento do consumidor. Nosso estudo reconhece que as diferenças entre as despesas dos idosos e adultos são importantes para estabelecer políticas públicas adequadas para ajudar os consumidores idosos. No decurso do processo de envelhecimento, os agregados familiares idosos desempenharão um papel crescente, mas o seu comportamento pode diferir substancialmente das pessoas mais jovens. Novamente, pouco se sabe sobre essa questão nos países em desenvolvimento, especialmente na América Latina e principalmente no Brasil. Os resultados sugerem que os domicílios brasileiros chefiados por idosos e adultos não idosos têm diferentes padrões de consumo. Os domicílios chefiados por adultos são mais sensíveis às mudanças nas despesas com produtos alimentares, enquanto os domicílios chefiados pelos idosos apresentavam maior sensibilidade para os cuidados da saúde. Variáveis demográficas, principalmente gênero, nível educacional e transferências governamentais, influenciam a demanda pela maioria dos bens em famílias chefiadas por idosos no Brasil. As transferências governamentais ajudam as famílias idosas a gastar mais em Habitação, Alimentação e Saúde. Em relação às variáveis de composição domiciliar, os domicílios formados apenas pelos idosos demandam menos Alimentos e mais Habitação; os domicílios compostos por idosos com crianças demandam mais produtos relacionados a vestuário e transporte, e menos produtos de higiene e habitação; e os domicílios compostos por idosos com parentes exigem menos produtos de cuidados de saúde. Juntos, os dois ensaios contribuem para uma melhor compreensão sobre o padrão do consumo, a demanda dos consumidores e o bem-estar dos idosos usando dados do Brasil, uma economia em desenvolvimento.
This thesis studies two topics on consumer demand and population aging using Brazilian data. We first present an introductory chapter about the situation of the elderly in Brazil addressing aspects such as the demographic transition, the profile of the Brazilian elderly, the socio-demographic conditions of this segment and, finally, the consequences and trends of population aging in Brazil. The intention of this introductory chapter is to guide the research problems related to the elderly population that will be presented in the next chapters. In the first essay, we analyze the level of well-being of the elderly people. Understanding such theme is important for the design of public policies and income transfer for the elderly, such as the calculation of poverty rates, life insurance and death pensions. However, little is known about this topic in developing countries and estimates from rich economies may have limited external validity to the developing world. Thus, this application becomes relevant in the Brazilian context, since the vast majority of the elderly survive from income transfer programs, such as death pensions and retirement. Results indicate that elderly individual’s consumer preferences in Brazil are very similar by gender and both are more sensitive to changes in expenditure and price for Health care. The results indicate substantial economies of scale and a husband’s share that is increasing in total expenditures. OECD scale underestimates poverty among elderly women in couples and overestimates poverty among elderly men in couples. In the case of widow and widowers, in most of the periods, OECD scale underestimates poverty rates. Finally, we find that the drop in material well-being following the wife’s death is rather substantial for men and the opposite was observed for women. The second essay compares consumption expenditure patterns and demand, measure by price and income elasticities, of the elderly and adult-headed households, taking into account socio- economic factors associated to consumer behavior. Our study recognizes that differences between expenditure of the elderly and the adults are important in order to establish appropriate public policies to help elderly consumers. In the course of the aging process, elderly households will play an increasing role, but their behavior might differ substantially from younger people. Again, little is known about this issue in developing countries, especially those in Latin America, and mainly in Brazil. The findings suggest that Brazilian elderly and adult-headed households have different consumption patterns. Adult-headed households were more sensitive to changes in expenditure for Food products, while households headed by the elderly showed more sensitivity for Health care. Demographic variables, mainly gender, education level and government transfers, influence the demand for most of the goods in Brazilian elderly headed households. Government transfers help elderly households to spend more on Housing and Health care. In relation to household composition variables, those formed only by the elderly demand less Food and more Housing; those households composed by the elderly with children demand more Clothing and Transportation products and less Habitation and Health care products; and those households composed by the elderly with relatives demand less Health care products. Together, the two essays contribute to a better understanding about consumer pattern, consumer demand and well-being of elderly using data from Brazil, a developing economy.
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Wood, Thomas James. "The effect of agri-environment schemes on farmland bee populations." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/66427/.

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Over the past century there have been substantial declines in farmland biodiversity as a result of the intensification of agricultural practice. Concerns over these declines have led to the development of agri-environment schemes designed to mitigate the effects of intensive agriculture and to benefit biodiversity. Prior to commencing this thesis it was not clear if flower-rich, pollinator-focused agri-environment schemes had a population level impact on wild bees on farmland. Whilst previous work has shown that the creation of flower-rich habitat can provide suitable foraging resources for bumblebees, little was known about the impact of this management on bumblebee population sizes and even less on whether these resources were used by and benefited solitary bees. This thesis compares bee populations between farms with and without flower-rich, pollinator focused agri-environment schemes in Hampshire and West Sussex, UK. Using genetic techniques to estimate colony density, and hence population size, farms implementing targeted schemes had a significantly higher density of bumblebee nests for the four species studied (212 nests/km2 against 112 nests/km2). However, there was no difference in the species richness of bees between these different farm types. When assessing pollen use by solitary bees, flowering plants sown as part of pollinator-focused agri-environment schemes were not widely used, representing 27% of pollen foraging observations and 23% of pollen collected by volume. Only 35% of solitary bee species were found to use sown plants for pollen to a meaningful extent, with most pollen collected from plants persisting in the wider environment. The creation of flower-rich habitat significantly increased resource availability, but did not increase resource diversity. These results indicate that if diverse bee populations are to be maintained on farmland then agri-environment schemes must be developed that effectively increase the number of flowering plant species present at the farm scale.
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Melka, Hailu Dadi. "Genetic parameter estimates for weaning traits in a multibreed beef cattle population." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52285.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters as well as to evaluate the influence of some genetic factors on preweaning growth traits in a multi breed beef cattle population. These preweaning growth traits were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) and average daily gain (ADG). Three aspects were addressed in this particular study; namely the Estimation of (co)variance components and genetic parameters, the effect of sire breeds and dam genotypes and the contribution of Charolais and Angus breeding levels on weaning traits in a multibreed beef cattle herd. Variance components and resulting genetic parameters of BW, WW and ADG in the population were estimated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) procedures. Four different unitrait and multitrait animal models were fitted ranging from a simple model with the animal direct effects as the only random effect to the model allowing for both genetic and permanent maternal environmental effects. The model that included directgenetic and permanent maternal environmental effects generally best described the data analysed. The simple model ignoring maternal effects most likely inflated direct heritability estimates. Direct heritability estimates were 0.11, 0.19, and 0.15 for BW, WW and ADG, respectively, fitting a multitrait model that comprised of both the genetic and maternal environmental effects. Under this comprehensive model, maternal heritabilties were low under both analyses, ranging from 0.02 to 0.10. Permanent maternal environmental effects were more important than maternal additive genetic effects for WW and ADG. Direct and maternal genetic correlations range from 0.42 to 0.44 for BW, -0.22 to -0.25 for WW and -0.17 to -0.23 for ADG, while the corresponding estimates ofunitrait analysis varied from 0.58 to 0.61 for BW, -0.43 to-0.53 for WW and -0.49 to -0.79 for ADG. The effect of Charolais and Hereford sires and dam breed genotypes on BW and WW in calves of Hereford, F I, two and three breed rotational as well as terminal crosses among the Charolais, Hereford, Angus and Bonsmara breeds were investigated. BW and WW of the Charolais sired calves were significantly (PAFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om genetiese parameters in 'n meerras vleisbeeskudde te beraam, sowel as om die invloed van sekere genetiese faktore te evalueer. Die voorspeense groei-eienskappe het geboortegewig (BW), speengewig (WW) en gemiddelde daaglikse toename (ADG) ingesluit. Drie aspekte is in dié betrokke studie ondersoek, naamlik; die beraming van (ko )variansiekomponente en genetiese parameters, die invloed van ras van vader en moedergenotipe en die invloed van Charolais en Angus bydrae op speeneienskappe in 'n meerras vleisbeeskudde. Variansiekomponente en afgeleide genetiese parameters vir BW, WW en ADG in die kudde is met behulp van die Beperkte Maksimum Waarskynlikheidsprosedure (REML) beraam. Vier verskillende enkel- en meereienskapmodelle is gepas, wat vanaf 'n eenvoudige model wat slegs die direkte effek as enigste toevallige effek, tot dié model waarin beide die genetiese en permanente mateme omgewingseffekte ingesluit is. Die model wat beide die direkte en permanente mateme effekte ingesluit het, het die data die beste gepas. Die eenvoudige model, wat die mateme effekte nie insluit nie, het in alle waarskynlikheid die direkte oorerflikhede oorberaam. Die direkte oorerflikheidsberamingsas onderskeidlik 0.11, 0.19 en 0.15 vir BW, WW en ADG met dié meereienskapmodel wat beide genetiese en mateme effekte ingesluit het. Met die omvattende model was die mateme oorerflikhede laag en het van 0.02 tot 0.10 gewissel. Die permanente mateme omgewingseffekte was belangriker as die direkte mateme effekte vir WW en ADG. Die genetiese korrelasies tussen direkte en mateme effekte het vir BW tussen 0.42 en 0.44, vir WW tussen -0.22 en -0.25 en vir ADG tussen -0.49 en -0.79 gewissel. Die invloed van Charolais en Hereford bulle en moederrasgenotipes op BW en WW van Hereford, F 1, twee- en drieras rotasie sowel as terminale kruisings tussen die Charolais, Hereford, Angus en Bonsmara is ondersoek. BW en WW van kalwers van Charolais bulle was betekenisvol (P
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Books on the topic "BEE POPULATION"

1

Peter, Friedrich. Infrastrukturprobleme bei Bevölkerungsrückgang. Berlin: BWV, Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2007.

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Infrastrukturprobleme bei Bevölkerungsrückgang. Berlin: BWV, Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2007.

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Häuptlingstum Jalca: Bevölkerung und Ressourcen bei den vorspanischen Chachapoya Peru. Berlin: D. Reimer, 1986.

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1932-, Oppenländer Karl Heinrich, and Wagner Adolf, eds. Ökonomische Verhaltensweisen und Wirtschaftspolitik bei schrumpfender Bevölkerung. München: Ifo-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, 1985.

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Governor, Florida Office of the. Florida population estimates and projections by county for 1981-92 January and July quarters by selected age and sex categories relating to certificate of need bed projections. Tallahassee, Fla. (1317 Winewood Blvd., Bldg. 2, Rm. 235, Tallahassee 32301): Distributed by State of Florida, Dept. of Health and Rehabilitative Services, Office of Health Planning and Development, Office of Comprehensive Health Planning, Data Analysis Unit, 1986.

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Soritsch, A. Heirat und Migration bei burgenländischen Kroaten. Wien: Literas, 1987.

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Köster, F. W. Analyse ausgewählter Probleme bei der Berechnung von Gleichgewichtserträgen für Seefischbestände. Hamburg: Institut für Seefischerei der Bundesforschungsanstalt für Fischerei, 1986.

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Donié, Sabine. Soziale Gliederung und Bevölkerungsentwicklung einer frühmittelalterlichen Siedlungsgemeinschaft: Untersuchungen zum Gräberfeld bei Schretzheim. Bonn: Habelt, 1999.

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Alicu, Dorin. Town-planning and population in Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa. Oxford, England: Tempus Reparatum, 1995.

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Florida. Office of the Governor., ed. Florida population estimates and projections by county for 1981-1993, January and July quarters, by selected age and sex categories relating to certificate of need bed projections. Tallahassee, FL (2727 Mahan Dr., Tallahassee 32308): Distributed by State of Florida, Dept. of Health and Rehabilitative Services, Office of Regulation and Health Facilities, Office of Comprehensive Health Planning, Data Analysis Unit, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "BEE POPULATION"

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Delaplane, Keith S. "State of the world's bee pollinators and the consequences for crop pollination." In Crop pollination by bees, Volume 1: Evolution, ecology, conservation, and management, 51–65. 2nd ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786393494.0005.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on the various abiotic and biotic factors adversely affecting bee populations and the impacts of bee population decline on plant pollination. Various models prediction bee population declines are presented and some ways to mitigate these declines are highlighted.
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Lessells, C. M. "Helping at the Nest in European Bee-Eaters: Who Helps and Why?" In Population Biology of Passerine Birds, 357–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75110-3_30.

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Mei, Jia, and Huajian Wu. "Double Bee Population Evolutionary Genetic Algorithm with Filtering Operation." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 693–700. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54924-3_65.

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Zeng, Tao, Tingyu Ye, Luqi Zhang, Minyang Xu, Hui Wang, and Min Hu. "Population Diversity Guided Dimension Perturbation for Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm." In Neural Computing for Advanced Applications, 473–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5188-5_34.

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Nayyar, Anand, Vikram Puri, and G. Suseendran. "Artificial Bee Colony Optimization—Population-Based Meta-Heuristic Swarm Intelligence Technique." In Data Management, Analytics and Innovation, 513–25. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1274-8_38.

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Mohamad-Saleh, J., N. Sulaiman, and A. G. Abro. "A Fitter-Population Based Artificial Bee Colony (JA-ABC) Optimization Algorithm." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 153–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03967-1_12.

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Chun-hong, Cao, Tang Chuan, Zhao Da-zhe, and Zhang Bin. "The Parametric Design Based on Bee Dual Population Evolution on Chaos." In Electrical, Information Engineering and Mechatronics 2011, 35–42. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2467-2_4.

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Aydın, Doğan, and Gürcan Yavuz. "A Self-adaptive Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm with Incremental Population Size for Large Scale Optimization." In Recent Advances in Soft Computing, 111–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58088-3_11.

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Bose, Digbalay, Subhodip Biswas, Souvik Kundu, and Swagatam Das. "A Strategy Pool Adaptive Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Dynamic Environment through Multi-population Approach." In Swarm, Evolutionary, and Memetic Computing, 611–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35380-2_71.

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Conrad, Taina. "Sexual Selection in the Red Mason Bee: Vibrations, Population Divergence, and the Impact of Temperature." In Biotremology: Physiology, Ecology, and Evolution, 221–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97419-0_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "BEE POPULATION"

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Zhou, Xinyu, Yiwen Ling, Maosheng Zhong, and Mingwen Wang. "Dynamic Multi-population Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm." In 2019 IEEE 31st International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictai.2019.00113.

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Atanasov, Atanas Z., and Slavi G. Georgiev. "Parameter identification modeling honey bee colony population dynamics." In THERMOPHYSICAL BASIS OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES (TBET 2020). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0041790.

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Li, Xianneng, Meihua Yang, Huiyan Yang, Shizhe Wu, Guangfei Yang, Min Han, and Shunshoku Kanae. "Analysis of Population Size in Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2018.00615.

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Eimanifar, Amin. "Population genetic structure and environmental heterogeneities of honey bee (Apis melliferaL.) populations in South Africa." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.109562.

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Biswas, Subhodip, Souvik Kundu, Digbalay Bose, Swagatam Das, P. N. Suganthan, and B. K. Panigrahi. "Migrating forager population in a multi-population Artificial Bee Colony algorithm with modified perturbation schemes." In 2013 IEEE Symposium on Swarm Intelligence (SIS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sis.2013.6615186.

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Lin, Chun Ling, Sheng Ta Hsieh, and Shih Yuan Chiu. "Work-In-Progress: Adaptive Population Artificial Bee Colony for Numerical Optimization." In 1st International Conference on Industrial Networks and Intelligent Systems. ICST, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.iniscom.2015.258339.

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Atanasov, Atanas Z., and Slavi G. Georgiev. "A numerical parameter reconstruction in a model of a honey bee population." In THERMOPHYSICAL BASIS OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES (TBET 2020). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0041791.

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Xueyan Lu and Yongquan Zhou. "A Genetic Algorithm Based on Multi-bee population evolutionary for numerical optimization." In 2008 7th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2008.4593110.

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Gundersen, Knute. "Effects of habitat enhancement on bumble bee (Bombus spp.) foraging preferences and common eastern bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) population density." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113846.

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Mohd Johan, Nur Fairuz, Azralmukmin Azmi, Samila Mat Zali, Mohd Abdur Rashid, Siti Rafidah Abdul Rahim, and Shamsul Bahar Yaakob. "The effects of population size for DG placement using Artificial Bee Colony algorithm." In 2013 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and System Engineering (ICEESE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceese.2013.6895041.

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Reports on the topic "BEE POPULATION"

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Needham, Glenn R., Uri Gerson, Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, D. Samatero, J. Yoder, and William Bruce. Integrated Management of Tracheal Mite, Acarapis woodi, and of Varroa Mite, Varroa jacobsoni, Major Pests of Honey Bees. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573068.bard.

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Objectives: The Israeli work plan regarding HBTM included: (a) producing a better diagnostic method; (b) following infestations during the season and evaluating damage to resistant bees and, (c) controlling HBTM by conventional means under local conditions. For varroa our plans to try novel control (e.g. oil novel control (e.g. oil patties & essential oils) were initially delayed by very low pest populations, then disrupted by the emergence of fluvalinate resistance. We monitored the spread of resistance to understand it better, and analyzed an underlying biochemical resistance mechanism in varroa. The US work plan focused on novel management methods for both mites with an emphasis on reducing use of traditional insecticides due to resistance and contamination issues. Objectives were: (a) evaluating plant essential oils for varroa control; (b) exploring the vulnerability of varroa to desiccation for their management; and (c) looking for biological variation in HBTM that could explain virulence variability between colonies. Although the initial PI at the USDA Beltsville Bee Lab, W.A. Bruce, retired during the project we made significant strides especially on varroa water balance. Subcontracts were performed by Yoder (Illinois College) on varroa water balance and DeGrandi-Hoffman (USDA) who evaluated plant essential oils for their potential to control varroa. We devised an IPM strategy for mite control i the U.S. Background: Mites that parasitize honey bees are a global problem. They are threatening the survival of managed and feral bees, the well-being of commercial/hobby beekeeping, and due to pollination, the future of some agricultural commodities is threatened. Specific economic consequences of these mites are that: (a) apiculture/breeder business are failing; (b) fewer colonies exist; (c) demand and cost for hive leasing are growing; (d) incidences of bee pathogens are increasing; and, (e) there are ore problems with commercial-reared bees. As a reflection of the continued significance f bee mites, a mite book is now in press (Webster & delaplane, 2000); and the 2nd International Conference on Africanized Honey Bees and Bee Mites is scheduled (April, 2000, Arizona). The first such conference was at OSU (1987, GRN was co-organizer). The major challenge is controlling two very different mites within a colony while not adversely impacting the hive. Colony management practices vary, as do the laws dictating acaricide use. Our basic postulates were that: (a) both mites are of economic importance with moderate to high infestations but not at low rates and, (b) once established they will not be eradicated. A novel strategy was devised that deals with the pests concomitantly by maintaining populations at low levels, without unnecessary recourse to synthetic acaricides. Major Conclusions, Solutions, Achievements: A major recent revelation is that there are several species of "Varroa jacobsoni" (Anderson & Trueman 1999). Work on control, resistance, population dynamics, and virulence awaits knowing whether this is a problem. In the U.S. there was no difference between varroa from three locales in terms of water balance parameters (AZ, MN & PA), which bodes well for our work to date. Winter varroa (U.S.) were more prone to desiccation than during other seasons. Varroa sensitivity to desiccation has important implications for improving IPM. Several botanicals showed some promise for varroa control (thymol & origanum). Unfortunately there is varroa resistance to Apistan in Israel but a resistance mechanism was detected for the first time. The Israel team also has a new method for HBTM diagnosis. Annual tracheal mite population trends in Israel were characterized, which will help in targeting treatment. Effects of HBTM on honey yields were shown. HBTM control by Amitraz was demonstrated for at least 6 months. Showing partial resistance by Buckfast bees to HBTM will be an important IPM tactic in Israel and U.S.
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Kekovole, John. Components of Kenya's future population growth and population policy implications. Population Council, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1996.1006.

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The world’s population has grown rapidly from about 2.5 billion in 1950 to a current size of 5.8 billion. As noted in this report, most of the increase has been recorded in the developing countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America due to continued high fertility in the face of reductions in levels of mortality. Kenya provides a unique opportunity to study the impact of various policy options on future population growth. The primary objective of this study is to measure the impact of different causes of continued population growth on Kenya’s future size and to formulate appropriate policy measures to minimize the adverse socioeconomic consequences of population growth. This study briefly reviews population policies pursued by the Kenyan government since the formulation of the first such policy in 1967. Projections made by the World Bank and the United Nations are summarized, and a new set of projections is presented to highlight the contributions of the different causes of future growth. The study concludes with policy implications emanating from this analysis.
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Knotek-Smith, Heather, and Catherine Thomas. Microbial dynamics of a fluidized bed bioreactor treating perchlorate in groundwater. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45403.

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Optimization of operation and performance of the groundwater treatment system regarding perchlorate removal at Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant (LHAAP) is dependent on specific conditions within the reactor and the larger groundwater treatment process. This study evaluated the microbial community compositions within the plant during periods of adequate perchlorate degradation, sub-adequate perchlorate degradation, and non-operating conditions. Factors affecting the performance of the LHAAP ground water treatment system (GWTS) perchlorate de-grading fluidized bed reactor (FBR) are identified and discussed. Isolation of the FBR from naturally occurring microbial populations in the groundwater was the most significant factor reducing system effectiveness. The microbial population within the FBR is highly susceptible to system upsets, which leads to declining diversity within the reactor. As designed, the system operates for extended periods without the desired perchlorate removal without intervention such as a seed inoculant. A range of modifications and the operation of the system are identified to increase the effectiveness of perchlorate removal at LHAAP.
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4

Sun, Xiaochen, Hailin Su, and Dorian J. Garrick. Improved Accuracy of Across-breed Genomic Prediction Using Haplotypes in Beef Cattle Populations. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-527.

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5

Breiman, Adina, Jan Dvorak, Abraham Korol, and Eduard Akhunov. Population Genomics and Association Mapping of Disease Resistance Genes in Israeli Populations of Wild Relatives of Wheat, Triticum dicoccoides and Aegilops speltoides. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697121.bard.

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Wheat is the most widely grown crop on earth, together with rice it is second to maize in total global tonnage. One of the emerging threats to wheat is stripe (yellow) rust, especially in North Africa, West and Central Asia and North America. The most efficient way to control plant diseases is to introduce disease resistant genes. However, the pathogens can overcome rapidly the effectiveness of these genes when they are wildly used. Therefore, there is a constant need to find new resistance genes to replace the non-effective genes. The resistance gene pool in the cultivated wheat is depleted and there is a need to find new genes in the wild relative of wheat. Wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides) the progenitor of the cultivated wheat can serve as valuable gene pool for breeding for disease resistance. Transferring of novel genes into elite cultivars is highly facilitated by the availability of information of their chromosomal location. Therefore, our goals in this study was to find stripe rust resistant and susceptible genotypes in Israeli T. dicoccoides population, genotype them using state of the art genotyping methods and to find association between genetic markers and stripe rust resistance. We have screened 129 accessions from our collection of wild emmer wheat for resistance to three isolates of stripe rust. About 30% of the accessions were resistant to one or more isolates, 50% susceptible, and the rest displayed intermediate response. The accessions were genotyped with Illumina'sInfinium assay which consists of 9K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. About 13% (1179) of the SNPs were polymorphic in the wild emmer population. Cluster analysis based on SNP diversity has shown that there are two main groups in the wild population. A big cluster probably belongs to the Horanum ssp. and a small cluster of the Judaicum ssp. In order to avoid population structure bias, the Judaicum spp. was removed from the association analysis. In the remaining group of genotypes, linkage disequilibrium (LD) measured along the chromosomes decayed rapidly within one centimorgan. This is the first time when such analysis is conducted on a genome wide level in wild emmer. Such a rapid decay in LD level, quite unexpected for a selfer, was not observed in cultivated wheat collection. It indicates that wild emmer populations are highly suitable for association studies yielding a better resolution than association studies in cultivated wheat or genetic mapping in bi-parental populations. Significant association was found between an SNP marker located in the distal region of chromosome arm 1BL and resistance to one of the isolates. This region is not known in the literature to bear a stripe rust resistance gene. Therefore, there may be a new stripe rust resistance gene in this locus. With the current fast increase of wheat genome sequence data, genome wide association analysis becomes a feasible task and efficient strategy for searching novel genes in wild emmer wheat. In this study, we have shown that the wild emmer gene pool is a valuable source for new stripe rust resistance genes that can protect the cultivated wheat.
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Bongaarts, John. Population policy options in the developing world. Population Council, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1994.1008.

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The population of the developing world is expanding at the unprecedented rate of more than 800 million people per decade, and, despite anticipated reductions in growth during the next century, its size is expected to increase from 4.1 billion in 1990 to 10.2 billion in 2100. Past efforts to curb this growth have focused almost exclusively on the implementation of family planning programs to provide contraceptive information, services, and supplies. While these programs have been partially successful in reducing birth rates, further investments in them will have a limited additional impact on population growth. Other policy options, in particular measures to reduce high demand for births and to limit population momentum, are therefore needed. This working paper reviews past approaches to population policy and assesses alternative options available to governments of developing countries. These topics were discussed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (the “Earth Summit”) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 and will be a focus at the International Conference on Population and Development in 1994 in Cairo.
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Lee, Jungjae, Mahdi Saatchi, Hailin Su, Rohan L. Fernando, and Dorian J. Garrick. Genomic Prediction using Single or Multi-Breed Reference Populations in US Maine-Anjou Beef Cattle. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1142.

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8

Saatchi, Mahdi. Discovery of Functional Variants Remarkably Associated with Growth Traits in Several US Beef Cattle Populations. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-469.

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9

Zhao, Lili, Tao Li, Meijuan Dang, Ye Li, Hong Fan, Qian Hao, Dingli Song, et al. Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism with ischemic stroke risk in different populations: an updated meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0037.

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Review question / Objective: Recently, increasing evidence has implicated methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene mutation as a risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS) in the general population. However, studies have been inconclusive and lack evidence on specific populations. We aim to determine whether the MTHFR C677T variant is linked to an increased risk of IS in different age groups andregions. Information sources: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI databases for relevant observational studies will be undertaken.
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Ham, Andrés, Angela Guarin, and Juanita Ruiz. How Accurately are Household Surveys Measuring the Size and Inequalities for the LGBT Population in Bogota, Colombia? Evidence from a List Experiment. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004721.

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This paper studies whether household surveys precisely identify the LGBT population and are suitable to measure labor market discrimination in Colombia. We first quantify the size of the LGBT population and estimate labor market inequalities from these data, highlighting potential pitfalls from using this approach. We then present findings from a list experiment in Bogotá, Colombia. Results show that household surveys underestimate the size of the LGBT population and may yield biased estimates of labor market inequalities. While survey estimates range between 1-4%, we find that LGBT people constitutes around 12-22% of the total population. We find heterogeneous reporting by sex, age groups, educational attainment, and marital status. Our findings suggest that while current measurement practices are a step forward for the LGBT populations statistical visibility, additional steps are required before household surveys may be used to consistently estimate discrimination and guide policy responses to protect this population.
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