Academic literature on the topic 'Bedrock wells'

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Journal articles on the topic "Bedrock wells"

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Fuad Gafarlı, Fuad Gafarlı, and Südabə Novruzov Südabə Novruzov. "PREVENTION OF SAND CLOGGING IN WELLS." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 16, no. 05 (April 25, 2022): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei16052022-101.

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A brief analysis of the prevention of sand blockage in wells is considered. One of the most common complications during the operation of wells in Azerbaijani oil fields is sand formation. During sand formation, wells are stopped for a while, their repair takes a long time, and as a result, significant well product losses occur. The sand that comes with the fluid entering the wellbore destroys the equipment and at the same time forms a blockage in the wellbore. The removal of the sand plug requires heavy labor, but sometimes leads to oil losses in many wells and leads to the collapse of rocks in the wellbore zone and the deformation of the production pipeline. The collapse of the bedrock and the prevention of sand congestion are still one of the most pressing issues in the oil industry. Despite numerous scientific studies and mining experiments on the mechanism of sand formation prevention, no universal method has been found to combat sand formation. The collapse of the bedrock and the prevention of sand congestion are still one of the most pressing issues in the oil industry. Keywords: sand plug, well, sand plug removal, well bottom filter, surface filter, well bottom zone
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Gaut, Sylvi, Lucy Robertson, Bjørn Gjerde, Atle Dagestad, and Bjørge Brattli. "Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in Norwegian groundwater wells in bedrock." Journal of Water and Health 6, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2008.046.

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The occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in Norwegian groundwater wells in bedrock has been investigated for the first time. Wells close to risk areas such as farming and septic tanks were chosen. In all, 20 water samples from 20 different waterworks were collected. The samples were analysed for Cryptosporidium and Giardia, using US EPA Method 1623. Turbidity was also measured. Water samples from 10 of the waterworks were also analysed for Clostridium perfringens by membrane filtration. Cryptosporidium was detected in the groundwater samples from 3 of the waterworks. Giardia and Clostridium perfringens were not detected. Too few samples were analysed to verify whether Giardia is indeed absent from bedrock wells, and further studies are recommended to give more reliable data.
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Gernand, Jeff, Bruce Rundell, and Chen-yu Yen. "Practical Bedrock Aquifer Characterization Using Borehole Geophysics and Multilevel Wells." Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management 5, no. 2 (April 2001): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-025x(2001)5:2(111).

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Brainerd, Richard J., and Gary A. Robbins. "A Tracer Dilution Method for Fracture Characterization in Bedrock Wells." Ground Water 42, no. 5 (September 2004): 774–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02731.x.

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Akingboye, Adedibu Sunny, Isaac Babatunde Osazuwa, and Muraina Zaid Mohammed. "Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Sustainable Groundwater Development in a Complex Geological Area." Materials and Geoenvironment 66, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rmzmag-2019-0004.

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AbstractElectrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was used for delineating significant subsurface hydrogeological features for sustainable groundwater development in Etioro-Akoko area, Southwestern Nigeria. This study was necessitated by challenges posed on groundwater supplies from wells and boreholes in Etioro-Akoko and the neighbouring fast growing towns and villages. Field data were acquired over the area with ABEM Lund Resistivity Imaging System and were subsequently processed and inverted through RES2DINVx64 software. Results showed four distinct subsurface layers: topsoil, weathered layer, fractured bedrock and fresh bedrock (basal unit). Localised bedrock depressions occasioned by fracturing and deep weathering of less stable bedrock minerals were delineated with resistivity and thickness values ranging from 50 to 650 Ωm and 12 to ---gt--- 25 m, respectively. The localised depressions mirrored uneven bedrock topography and served as the preferential groundwater storage and hydrogeological zones in the area. The two hydrogeological zones significant for groundwater development included overburden-dependent aquifers and fractured dependent bedrock aquifers. It was, therefore, concluded that groundwater storage potential was depended on hydrogeological zones particularly at major localised bedrock depressions where fractures and groundwater recharges/discharges were evident. Wells and boreholes were proposed at bedrock depressions with thickness value not less than 12 and ---gt--- 25 m, respectively, for enhanced groundwater sustainability and quality assurance in the area.
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Miller, Richard D., Don W. Steeples, and Michael Brannan. "Mapping a bedrock surface under dry alluvium with shallow seismic reflections." GEOPHYSICS 54, no. 12 (December 1989): 1528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442620.

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Shallow seismic‐reflection techniques were used to image the bedrock‐alluvial interface, near a chemical evaporation pond in the Texas Panhandle, allowing optimum placement of water‐quality monitor wells. The seismic data showed bedrock valleys as shallow as 4 m and accurate to within 1 m horizontally and vertically. The normal‐moveout velocity within the near‐surface alluvium varies from 225 m/s to 400 m/s. All monitor‐well borings near the evaporation pond penetrated unsaturated alluvial material. On most of the data, the wavelet reflected from the bedrock‐alluvium interface has a dominant frequency of around 170 Hz. Low‐cut filtering at 24 dB/octave below 220 Hz prior to analog‐to‐digital conversion enhanced the amplitude of the desired bedrock reflection relative to the amplitude of the unwanted ground roll. The final bedrock contour map derived from drilling and seismic‐reflection data possesses improved resolution and shows a bedrock valley not interpretable from drill data alone.
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Pociecha, Agnieszka, Maciej Karpowicz, Tadeusz Namiotko, Elżbieta Dumnicka, and Joanna Galas. "Diversity of Groundwater Crustaceans in Wells in Various Geologic Formations of Southern Poland." Water 13, no. 16 (August 11, 2021): 2193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162193.

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Data on Crustacea from underground waters accessed through wells are limited in Poland. A recent study was undertaken to determine diversity and factors influencing the crustacean communities inhabiting wells drilled in three bedrocks, Jurassic limestone, Cretaceous marls and flysch. A total of 23 crustacean species and subspecies were recorded belonging to Copepoda, Ostracoda, Amphipoda and Bathynellacea. Only four species of low abundance, however, were stygobionts. Our studies showed that abundance and species number of Copepoda and Ostracoda were affected by bedrock geology (with higher abundances and species richness in wells of Cretaceous marls), and in the case of copepods, also by sampling season. Furthermore, this paper lists all species of Crustacea recorded from inland groundwater habitats of Poland based published over the last 133 years. The most species-rich group was Copepoda with 43 representatives (four stygobites), followed by Ostracoda and Amphipoda with a total of 37 and 12 species, respectively (each with nine stygobites). In addition, two species of Isopoda (one stygobite) and one Bathynellid appear in the checklist. The checklist identifies geographical (and environmental) gaps which require further research.
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Bailey, Brooks, Weston Drip, and Suresh Muthukrishnan. "Spatial Analysis of Hydrological Productivity in Fractured Bedrock Terrains of the Piedmont of Northwestern South Carolina." Journal of South Carolina Water Resources, no. 5 (June 1, 2018): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34068/jscwr.05.02.

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Fractured bedrock aquifers are structurally complex groundwater systems. Groundwater flow is limited to secondary porosity features such as faults and fractures on account of the low primary porosity and permeability of the native bedrock. The hydrologic productivity of wells drilled within these systems is spatially and vertically variable because of limited interconnectivity among these features. The purpose of this study was to assess potential correlations between driller-estimated well yields and the mapped lithology and structural features of the fractured bedrock aquifers of the Piedmont of northwestern South Carolina. Groundwater well data (e.g., well depth, well yields, static water level) of 1,069 wells, geologic data (e.g., lithology, mapped structural features), and topographic data (e.g., surface elevation, slope) were integrated within a geographic information system database for a spatial analysis of well yield distribution. Wells drilled in alluvium had the highest median yield (15 gal/min), whereas those drilled in schist, amphibolite, and gneisses had lower median yields (9, 8.5, and 8 gal/min, respectively). Nonparametric statistical analyses indicated that no geologic or topographic variables considered were strongly or moderately correlated with reported well yields. Spearman’s correlation coefficients for well depth (0.24), static water level (0.19), proximity to water bodies (–0.10), and proximity to lithologic contacts (–0.08) were statistically significant (at the 0.05 confidence level) but only weakly correlated with well yield. Topographic variables and proximity to mapped faults were not statistically significant. Wells drilled in alluvium had the highest yields due to the higher porosity and permeability compared to the bedrock. However, alluvium makes up less than 5% of the study area surface, and so opportunities to further tap this unit are limited and spatially constrained. The lower median yields of other lithologies are attributed to the lack of fracture development in amphibolite and the low degree of weathering within gneiss foliation planes. To maximize yields, wells should be drilled in alluvium close to water bodies and lithologic contacts where possible.
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Lukas, William G., Don J. DeGroot, David W. Ostendorf, and Erich S. Hinlein. "Multi-scale hydrogeologic characterization of a leaky till–mantled fractured bedrock aquifer system." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, no. 12 (December 2015): 1945–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0296.

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The paper presents hydrogeologic properties for a leaky till–mantled fractured bedrock aquifer system based on geophysical and hydraulic tests performed at a drumlin located in northeastern Massachusetts, USA. The site profile consists of a fractured bedrock aquifer overlain by a 30 m thick unweathered, coarse-grained till aquitard. Steady state, decadal scale, hydraulics varied little until seasonal irrigation pumping was initiated in recent years, causing a substantial annual drawdown in the aquifer and leakage from the overlying till. High frequency hydraulic head data sets collected in monitoring wells record the hydraulic response to the irrigation pumping. These data sets, together with results from small scale slug and purge tests performed in monitoring wells, are used to characterize the hydrogeologic behavior of this groundwater system. Geophysical logging performed in bedrock wells confirmed the presence of numerous flowing fractures. The large-scale continuum analysis of the fractured bedrock aquifer response to the irrigation pumping yields transmissivity values consistent with those determined from the small-scale, short-term purge test results. The low hydraulic conductivity till has a significant impact on the drawdown behavior of the fractured bedrock aquifer. Calibrated values from the collective data sets and analyses result in the following properties for the 30 m thick unweathered till: hydraulic conductivity K′ = 7.2 × 10−9 m/s, transmissivity T′ = 2.3 × 10−8 m2/s, and storativity S′ = 2.7 × 10−4, and for the underlying fractured bedrock aquifer: T = 6.5 × 10−6 m2/s with an average fracture aperture of 46 μm and hydraulic conductivity Kf = 1.3 × 10−3 m/s. These results should describe similar unweathered coarse-grained till–mantled fractured bedrock aquifer systems and provide useful data for preliminary analyses prior to any site-specific investigations.
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Libby, Jill L., and Gary A. Robbins. "An Unsteady State Tracer Method for Characterizing Fractures in Bedrock Wells." Groundwater 52, no. 1 (March 29, 2013): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12045.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bedrock wells"

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McPeek, Erik G. "Applications of Spatial Analysis for Bedrock Structures and Groundwater Wells." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1205933073.

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Rickert, Eric Andrew. "Hydrologica and Borehole Geophysical Investigation of Bedrock Observation Wells at the University of Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/RickertEA2005.pdf.

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Gaut, Sylvi. "Factors Influencing Microbiological Quality of Groundwater from Potable Water Supply Wells in Norwegian Crystalline Bedrock Aquifers." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-664.

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Gaut, S., 2005: Factors influencing microbiological quality of groundwater from potable water supply wells in Norwegian crystalline bedrock aquifers. Doktor Ingeniør thesis 2005:99. Department of Geology and Mineral Resources Engineering, NTNU, 153 pp and appendices.

Microbiological analyses from 195 Norwegian waterworks based on groundwater in bedrock have been examined to study the vulnerability of bedrock wells to microbiological contamination. Inspections have been carried out at 49 of the 195 waterworks to identify possible causes to the recorded microbiological contamination. It is found that groundwater derived from bedrock wells is susceptible to microbiological contamination and needs better protection. Seasonal variations in the water quality occur. Coliforms are mostly detected from June to September. Cryptosporidium, but not Giardia, is detected in the groundwater from three of twenty waterworks. The microbiological water quality is correlated to (i) wellhead completion (including the well casing), (ii) type and thickness of superficial deposits, (iii) land use and contamination sources and (iv) distance from wells to running water. Recommended wellhead completion includes a well-house and a casing of at least 5.5 m, rising 40-50 cm above ground. The gap between casing and bedrock should be sealed. Wells are least vulnerable to microbiological contamination when the superficial deposits are > 2.5 m thick and the wells are located > 100 m from farmland and not within 75-125 m of running water. Variations in parameters, such as colour, turbidity, and iron, and high levels of total organic carbon can indicate that the aquifer or the well is vulnerable to microbiological contamination. Vulnerability mapping combined with a hygienic evaluation of the well area and delineation of protection zones based on simple analytical methods is suggested as a method to protect Norwegian bedrock wells.

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Guiseppe, Vincente E. "Radon in Ground Water: A Study of the Measurement and Release of Waterborne Radon and Modeling of Radon Variation in Bedrock Wells." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/GuiseppeVE2006.pdf.

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Roadcap, George Stewart. "An Evaluation of Wellhead-Protection Area Delineation Methods as Applied to Municipal Wells in the Leaky-Confined Carbonate-Bedrock Aquifer at Richwood, Ohio." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1419950225.

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Smith, Deborah H. "Whisperings from the master bedroom| Maintaining marital intimacy and well-being after prostate cancer surgery." Thesis, Institute of Transpersonal Psychology, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3567475.

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The research question answered by this qualitative, narrative design study is how some couples maintained continued marital intimacy and well-being after prostate cancer surgery. It was directed to a purposeful, critical, and criterion based sampling of 5 heterosexual participant couples between the ages of 52 and 65 years old, who had been married for an average of 29 years and who experienced the disruption in their marriage of prostate cancer and its surgical remedy. The research question created a frame for evaluating literature which provided a basic understanding of the physiology associated with prostate cancer and its treatment options, while recognizing and giving appropriate voice through semi-structured interviews to the compromising and potentially traumatic effects of that surgery on couples’ relationships. In addition to the stresses introduced by a prostate cancer diagnosis, a complexity of emotional and physical concerns is realized with existing treatments, often leading to difficult adjustments and long-term consequences. Although extensive volumes of research attest to the vexing interruption to marital intimacy after prostate cancer surgery, there is a lack of direct, narrative inquiry from long-term married couples addressing instead the question of how they prevailed over those profound challenges. This study subsequently positioned itself to the telling of the participants’ stories, before and after surgery, and to the positive inquiry of how they learned from their lived experiences and demonstrated that learning as resilience, resourcefulness, and a determination to maintain a mutually acceptable level of intimacy and well-being in their enduring marriages. Attributes of a fulfilling marriage were also explored as characterizing a committed and happy long-term relationship which supports wellness of mind, body, and spirit. In addition, inquiry was made into the transpersonal aspects and significance of marital well-being and shared practices which help to sustain it.

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Maharjan, Madan. "INTERPRETATION OF DOMESTIC WATER WELL PRODUCTION DATA AS A TOOL FOR DETECTION OF TRANSMISSIVE BEDROCK FRACTURED ZONES UNDER COVER OF THE GLACIAL FORMATIONS IN GEAUGA COUNTY, OHIO." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1310763295.

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Santos, Josà SÃrgio dos. "Efeitos do Fraturamento HidrÃulico em AqÃiferos Fissurais." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1303.

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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
A demanda das populaÃÃes por mais Ãgua tem forÃado o desenvolvimento de tÃcnicas para melhorar o aproveitamento de todas as formas de recursos hÃdricos. Em algumas partes dos Estados Unidos da AmÃrica, o fraturamento hidrÃulico tem sido utilizado para estimular poÃos perfurados no embasamento cristalino a aumentarem suas vazÃes. Na regiÃo Nordeste do Brasil, os poÃos perfurados neste tipo de formaÃÃo geolÃgica frequentemente exibem baixas vazÃes, o que os leva à posterior desativaÃÃo ou ao simples abandono. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa à estudar, analisar e quantificar os efeitos que o fraturamento hidrÃulico imprime sobre a transmissividade, a conectividade e as vazÃes de um aqÃÃfero fissural. Para tanto se desenvolveu um modelo de propagaÃÃo de fraturas em formaÃÃes rasas e de matriz impermeÃvel. AlÃm disso, fez-se uso de modelos de hidrÃulica de poÃos para a determinaÃÃo dos parÃmetros hidrodinÃmicos do aqÃÃfero. Para testar a metodologia, dados coletados em dois poÃos de bombeamento perfurados na Fazenda de Horticultura da University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, foram utilizados. Estes dados incluem testes de bombeamento prÃ-fraturamento e pÃs-fraturamento, ensaio geofÃsicos, alÃm dos registros da operaÃÃo de fraturamento. Uma anÃlise conjunta dos resultados dos testes de bombeamento e do modelo de propagaÃÃo de fratura permitiu concluir que, o fraturamento hidrÃulico aumentou a transmissividade das fraturas em 46 vezes em um poÃo e 285 vezes em outro. A conectividade do sistema de fraturas experimentou acrÃscimos entre 11 e 20 vezes. O dado prÃtico foi que um poÃo passou a fornecer vazÃes 10 vezes maiores e no outro este aumento foi de 18 vezes. Estes melhoramentos foram possÃveis porque o fraturamento hidrÃulico alargou a abertura das fraturas e fez seu raio propagar por dezenas de metros. A distÃncia que a fratura propagou a partir do poÃo juntamente com o aumento na interconexÃo das fraturas conectou o poÃo a regiÃes mais favorÃveis à recarga.
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Серженьга, О. В. "Науково-методичні засади оцінки характеру насичення пластів і положення газонафтового контакту з використанням геоелектричної моделі присвердловинної зони (на прикладі нафтогазоконденсатних родовищ Західно-Сибірської нафогазоносної провінції)." Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2007. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4219.

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У дисертації висвітлюються актуальні питання визначення положення газонафтового і водонафтового контактів на “водоплавних” нафтогазоконденсатних покладах за результатами геофізичних досліджень у відкритому стовбурі свердловини. Такі поклади є об'єктами з дуже складними електричними властивостями присвердловинної зони і потребують підвищення інформативності комплексу методів ГДС. Теоретично обґрунтовано і доведено фактичними дослідженнями в свердловинах переваги методу ВІКІЗ для визначення параметрів геоелектричної моделі порід-колекторів, які виповнюють теригенні відклади юрського комплексу ЗСНГП. Методологічні властивості методу зумовлюють достовірнішу оцінку геоелектричних параметрів зони проникнення і дають можливість виявити облямовуючу зону. На базі геофізичної інформації під час дослідження розрізу свердловин та інформації по визначенню фізико-хімічних властивостей пластового флюїду, створено фізико-геологічну модель присвердловинної зони, яка характеризує залежність електричних параметрів присвердловинної зони від геологічних властивостей порід-колекторів з різним типом пластового флюїду. Свердловинні дослідження методом ВІКІЗ на Кинському і Харампурському нафтогазоконденсатних родовищах показують що зміна параметрів геоелектричного розрізу свердловини відбувається під час проходження свердловиною через ГНК і ВНК. Створена фізико-геологічна модель присвердловинної зони для «водоплавних» нафтогазоконденсатних покладів має можливість не тільки виділяти інтервал продуктивних колекторів, але і розділяти їх на нафтонасичені і газонасичені. Запропонована уніфікована схема використання порівняння газонасичених інтервалів, виділених за методом ВІКІЗ і способом ПНК, яка дає можливість визначити положення ГНК як на етапі оперативного висновку, так і на етапі побудови флюїдальної моделі покладу.
В диссертации освещаются актуальные вопросы определения положения газонефтяного и водонефтяного контактов на «водоплавающих» нефтегазоконденсатных залежах по результатам геофизических исследований в открытом стволе скважины. Такие залежи являются объектами с очень сложными электрическими свойствами прискважинной зоны и требуют повышения информативности комплекса методов ГИС. Теоретически обосновано и доказано на практических исследованиях преимущество метода ВИКИЗ при определении параметров геоэлектрической модели пород-коллекторов, которые составляют терригенные отложения юрского комплекса ЗСНГП. Методологические свойства метода обеспечивают более однозначную оценку геоэлектрических параметров зоны проникновения и дают возможность выявлять окаймляющую зону. На базе геофизической информации по исследованиям разрезов скважин и информации по определению физико-химических свойств пластового флюида, создано физикогеологическую модель прискважинной зоны, которая характеризует зависимость электрических параметров прискважинной зоны от геологических свойств пород-коллекторов с разным типом пластового флюида. Доказано, что в течении первых 5-10 часов после раскрытия разреза по электрическим параметрам техногенных неоднородностей с высоким уровнем достоверности можно определить тип насыщающего пластового флюида. Скважинные исследования методом ВИКИЗ на Кынском и Харампурском нефтегазоконденсатных месторождениях показывают, что изменение параметров геоэлектрического разреза скважины происходит при прохождении скважиной через ГНК и ВНК. Предложено унифицированную схему использования соответствия газонасыщенных интервалов, выделенных по методу ВИКИЗ и методике ПИК, которая дает возможность определять положение ПНК как на этапе оперативного заключения, так и на этапе построения флюидальной модели залежи.
The Theses illustrates relevant issues of gas-oil and oil-water contacts position location in bottom water-drive oil-gas condensate reservoirs, belonging to laminated deposits of Jurassic bedrock in West-Siberian petroleum province. Such deposits are objects with very complicated electrical properties of the well bore zone, abruptly changing with the deposit’s height. Investigation of deposits with multicomponent reservoir fluid composition requires implementation of new geophysical wells survey methods and increase of useful information volume, extractable from the carried out complex of geographical information system (GIS). As a result of the author’s investigations, a number of scientific conclusions were drawn, which represent great practical importance in the field of geophysical survey of oil and gas wells and geological simulation for deposit fluidic structures with multicomponent composition of reservoir fluid. Advantages of the VIKIZ method for surveying lamellar terrigenous deposits of West-Siberian petroleum province of Jurassic horizon have been theoretically validated and proved in practice. Based on geophysical information and the information on formation fluid property investigations, main points and directions for a physical and geological model were formulated. The model characterizes relation between the penetration zone parameters and geological properties of reservoirs with different types of fluids. A method was developed which allows locating the OWC based on the parameters of the penetration zone and the low-resistivity zone. This can be important information for of specification standard oil-water surface interpretation results. A physical and geological model was created which allows discriminating oil-saturated reservoirs in the pay zone from gas-saturated ones and determines OWC position in bottom water-drive oil and gas condensate reservoirs of West-Siberian petroleum province. A unified scheme for gas-saturated formation comparison usage was suggested. The intervals were distinguished based on the VIKIZ method and PNK technique, which allowed determining GOC position at the operative conclusion stage, as well as at the stage of fluidic model deposit creation.
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Cooke, Brenda Elizabeth. "Investigation of the Effects of Biofouling on the Hydraulic Properties of Wells in Fractured Bedrock Aquifers." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/942.

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The objective of this study is to improve the understanding of the effect of biofilm growth and biofouling on well performance in a fractured rock aquifer. The study was conducted by investigating biofouling in several recently drilled and much older wells. The study was conducted at three field sites using six groundwater wells in Perth, Portland and Cambridge Ontario. The well located in Perth was drilled in the spring of 2006 and after preliminary hydraulic testing; biofilm was grown in the well by the addition of nutrients (steel wool, Difco beef peptone and gelatin). The wells located in Portland and Cambridge are more than 10 years old and were already biofouled. In each case, the well was hydraulically tested using open- well pumping methods and via slug testing using a straddle packer system (1.7m spacing) in which measurements were obtained contiguously from the bottom to the top of the well. This provided distinct measurements of the hydraulic properties of the individual fracture zones along the length of each hole. The five older wells in Portland and Cambridge were cleaned following the initial testing using recirculation of hydrochloric acid followed by recirculation of 35% hydrogen peroxide. Once the cleaning was completed, the hydraulic testing was repeated. Each of the wells were videotaped using a downhole camera at various stages during the study. Samples were obtained on three occasions for bacterial typing using the BART™ system. Transmissivity data from the different states of fouling (drilled, fouled or cleaned) were compared and it was determined that fractures with low transmissivity values are more susceptible to the effects of biofouling than those with high transmissivity. The reduction in transmissivity was as much as 50% percent. Fractures with low transmissivity are of small apertures which are easily plugged by biofilm. The cleaning process did not markedly improve total wellbore performance for those wells where a comparison was made following cleaning. The presence of any form of iron, (i.e. steel well casing or steel pump parts) in the well will contribute significantly to the biofouling, based on the results of the laboratory study.
Thesis (Master, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2007-12-11 11:11:24.327
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Books on the topic "Bedrock wells"

1

Hansen, Bruce P. Yields of bedrock wells in Massachusetts. Marlborough, Mass: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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Hansen, Bruce P. Yields of bedrock wells in Massachusetts. Marlborough, Mass: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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Heisig, Paul M. Borehole geophysical data from bedrock wells at Windham, New York. Troy, N.Y: U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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Massachusetts. Department of Environmental Protection, Massachusetts. Department of Public Health, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Arsenic and uranium in water from private wells completed in bedrock of east-central Massachusetts--concentrations, correlations with bedrock units, and estimated probability maps. Reston, VA: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2011.

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Lyford, Forest P. Delineation of water sources for public-supply wells in three fractured-bedrock aquifer systems in Massachusetts. Northborough, Mass: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003.

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Lyford, Forest P. Delineation of water sources for public-supply wells in three fractured-bedrock aquifer systems in Massachusetts. Northborough, Mass: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003.

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Desimone, Leslie A. Yield of bedrock wells in the Nashoba terrane, central and eastern Massachusetts. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2012.

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Brown, Craig J. Arsenic concentrations in bedrock wells in Colchester, East Hampton, and Woodstock, Connecticut. East Hartford, Conn: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002.

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Chafin, Daniel T. Effect of the Paradox Valley Unit on the dissolved-solids load of the Dolores River near Bedrock, Colorado, 1988-2001. [Reston, Va.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003.

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Guthrie, Gregory M. Evaluation of ground-water yields in crystalline bedrock wells of the Alabama Piedmont. Tuscaloosa, Ala: Geological Survey of Alabama, Hydrogeology Division, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bedrock wells"

1

Mortimer, N. D., and S. T. Minett. "Comparison of Rotating Times for Deep Wells." In Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock, 328–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73455-7_27.

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Castaño, J. R. "Geochemical Studies, Gravberg-1 Well, Sweden; Integration of Well Site and External Laboratory Analyses." In Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock, 122–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73452-6_13.

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Pedersen, L. B., P. Zhang, and T. Rasmussen. "Electrical Conductivity Structure Around the Gravberg Well." In Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock, 95–103. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73452-6_10.

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Beswick, A. J. "Gravberg-1: Well Design and Drilling Preparations." In Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock, 55–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73452-6_6.

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Sandstedt, H. "Scientific Programme of Well Investigations — an Overview." In Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock, 66–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73452-6_7.

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Jeffrey, A. W. A., I. R. Kaplan, and J. R. Castaño. "Analyses of Gases in the Gravberg-1 Well." In Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock, 134–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73452-6_14.

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Juhlin, C. "Interpretation of the Seismic Reflectors in the Gravberg-1 Well." In Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock, 113–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73452-6_12.

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Nalivkina, E. B. "Deep Structure of Early Precambrian Continental Crust (Kola Super-Deep Well." In Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock, 54–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73455-7_7.

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Rissler-Åkesson, G. "Early Results of the Electric Wireline Logging in the Gravberg-1 Well." In Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock, 104–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73452-6_11.

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Karlsson, D. "Investigations of Rocks from the Gravberg-1 Well: Petrological and Geochemical Results." In Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock, 224–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73452-6_21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bedrock wells"

1

Miller, Joseph, and Donald Geddes. "SODIUM AND CHLORIDE MIGRATION IMPACTS TDS IN TWO CARBONATE BEDROCK WELLS." In Northeastern Section - 57th Annual Meeting - 2022. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022ne-374732.

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Higgins, Mark, Gary A. Robbins, and Meredith J. Metcalf. "IMPROVING WATER QUALITY DATA FROM FRACTURED BEDROCK WELLS IN CONSIDERATION OF CONCENTRATION AVERAGING." In 53rd Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018ne-310493.

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Ordung, Ryan, Gary Robbins, and Kendra Maas. "COMPARISONS OF BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES AND ANALYSIS OF GEOCHEMICAL CONDITIONS IN CHLORIDE IMPACTED FRACTURED BEDROCK WELLS." In 54th Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019ne-328482.

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Wright, Stephanie N., and Kent S. Novakowski. "INFLUENCES OF A CHANGING CLIMATE ON THE SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF STABLE ISOTOPES AND RECHARGE: SPATIOTEMPORAL MONITORING OF MULTI-LEVEL BEDROCK WELLS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-323413.

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L. Covel, Christopher, Darryn T. Kaymen, Ian M. Phillips, and James C. Harrison. "Very Low Frequency (Vlf) Geophysics: A Case Study On Locating Bedrock Wells In Water Bearing Fracture Zones For Use In Contaminant Migration Interception." In 9th EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.205.1996_007.

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Covel, Christopher L., Darryn T. Kaymen, Ian M. Phillips, and James C. Harrison. "Very Low Frequency (VLF) Geophysics: A Case Study on Locating Bedrock Wells in Water Bearing Fracture Zones for Use in Contaminant Migration Interception." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 1996. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.2922325.

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K.H.I, Gamage, Wickramasinghe R.S.R, and Gamage I.M.C. "Groundwater Quality Assessment in Anuradhapura for Domestic Purposes." In 2nd International Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Safety. iConferences (Pvt) Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32789/agrofood.2021.1006.

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The North central province plays the main agricultural role in Sri Lanka as a developing agricultural-based economy country in the world. Excessive amount of nitrate and fluoride in groundwater consumption is becoming a crucial issue on human health in Sri Lanka, especially in the North Central part of the country. Dental fluorosis and skeleton fluorosis are the major health impacts based on an excessive amount of fluoride as well as presumption on causing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nitrogenous compounds in groundwater for drinking have been considered possible risk factors for oesophageal cancer and haemoglobinemia or blue baby syndrome. Human activities and natural processes have polluted groundwater. Having a lack of understanding of the actual need for fertilizer, farmers usually tend to apply the surplus amount, thus increasing nitrogen pollution. Accordingly, this research was conducted to deepen the understanding of the distribution of fluoride and nitrate in groundwater in the Anuradhapura area in terms of geological and anthropogenic influences on groundwater quality. Well water samples were collected from intensive agricultural activity areas in Anuradhapura. Physical and chemical parameters were analyzed to identify whether the higher nitrate and fluoride or any compound of a mixture of heavy metals such as cadmium and/ or arsenic is the actual cause for kidney and other health-related issues among the community. Water samples' pHs were in the range of 6.7-7.7. All the wells can be categorized as low salinity water. Turbidity average of 3.51 NTU range of 1-8 NTU was found to be mainly contributed by nitrate at the average of 28.725 mg/L and ranged from (22-131) mg/L of nitrate. In addition, fluorite was found high in Anuradhapura with an average of 0.6 mg/L and ranged from (0.4 - 1.7) mg/L. Sulphate level was also high with an average of 178mg/L and ranged from (58-505 mg/L). There was no significant effect of heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic, iron, and copper concentrations which were below the permissible level of 0.01mg/L. The research clearly indicates the abundance of nitrate and fluoride in groundwater, especially in the dry zone. The major sources are fluoride-bearing minerals in bedrock and soil zone. In addition to that, the influence of agriculture which causes excessive nitrate levels in groundwater, is apparent, irrespective of climatic zones.
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Tsai, Chong-Shien, and Hui-Chen Chen. "Effects of Soil-Structure Interaction on the Response of a Structure With Tuned Mass Dampers." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45112.

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This paper aims at examining the effects of soil-structure interaction (SSI) on the response of a structure which is equipped with multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMD) and founded on multiple soil layers overlying bedrock. Closed-form solutions have been obtained for the entire system, which consists of a shear beam type superstructure, multiple tuned mass dampers, and multiple soil layers overlying bedrock, while subjected to ground motion. The proposed formulations simplify the problem in terms of well-known frequency ratios, mechanical impedance and mass ratio, which can take into account the effects of SSI, mass ratio of the MTMD at each excitation frequency and damping ratio in the entire system. These formulations are capable of explicitly interpreting the major dynamic behavior of a structure equipped with multiple tuned mass dampers and interacting with the multiple soil layers overlying bed rock. The SSI effects on the dynamic response of a tuned-mass-damped structure as a result of multiple soil layers overlying bedrock were extensively investigated through a series of parametric studies.
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Tsai, Chong-Shien, and Hui-Chen Su. "Effects of Soil-Structure Interaction, Damping and Higher Modes on the Response of a Mid-Story-Isolated Structure Founded on Multiple Soil Layers." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28192.

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This paper focuses on investigating the effects of soil-structure interaction (SSI), higher modes, and damping on the response of a mid-story-isolated structure founded on multiple soil layers overlying bedrock. Closed-form solutions were obtained for the entire system, which consists of a shear beam type superstructure, seismic isolator, and multiple soil layers overlying bedrock, while subjected to ground motion. The proposed formulations simplify the problem in terms of well-known frequency and mechanical impedance ratios that can take into account the effects of SSI, higher modes, and damping in the entire system, and be capable of explicitly interpreting the major dynamic behavior of a mid-story-isolated structure interacting with the multiple soil layers overlying bed rock. The SSI effects on the dynamic response of a mid-story-isolated structure as a result of multiple soil layers overlying bedrock were extensively investigated through a series of parametric studies and physically explained by virtue of derived formulations. In addition, the results of numerical exercises show that higher damping provided by the isolator may provoke higher mode response of the superstructure; that the lower structure below the isolator may have significantly larger deformations compared to those of the upper structure above the isolator; and that isolator displacements may be amplified by the SSI effects while compared to those of mid-story-isolated structures with fixed-base.
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Lin, Jung-Jun, Yuei-An Liou, Shih-Meng Hsu, Su-Yun Chi, and Anh Kim Nguyen. "Characteristic of multispectral images and well yields of hydrogeological units in fracture bedrock, Taiwan." In IGARSS 2016 - 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2016.7730415.

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Reports on the topic "Bedrock wells"

1

Dafoe, L. T., K. J. DesRoches, and G. L. Williams. A structural and stratigraphic framework for the western Davis Strait region. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321831.

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Western Davis Strait lies within the Labrador-Baffin Seaway rift system, which began forming in the Early Cretaceous as Greenland separated from North America. At chron C27n (Danian), regional seafloor spreading began, as well as significant magmatism. The opening direction changed from southeast-northwest to more north-south in the Thanetian-Ypresian between chrons C25n and C24n, resulting in significant strike-slip motion through the Davis Strait region until seafloor spreading ended at chron C13, near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. This tectonism has influenced the stratigraphy preserved in basins within western Davis Strait, including confirmed Cretaceous successions in the Lady Franklin Basin and Cumberland Sound; however, regional overprinting of Paleocene-Eocene volcanic rocks obscures pre-rift basement and possible older strata over much of the region. Three industry wells and several seabed samples of bedrock help constrain the stratigraphic distribution of Cretaceous and Cenozoic strata based on the lithostratigraphy of the well sampled Labrador margin.
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Carter, T. R., C. E. Logan, J K Clark, H. A. J. Russell, E. H. Priebe, and S. Sun. A three-dimensional bedrock hydrostratigraphic model of southern Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331098.

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A hydrostratigraphic framework has been developed for southern Ontario consisting of 15 hydrostratigraphic units and 3 regional hydrochemical regimes. Using this framework, the 54 layer 3-D lithostratigraphic model has been converted into a 15 layer 3-D hydrostratigraphic model. Layers are expressed as either aquifer or aquitard based principally on hydrogeologic characteristics, in particular the permeability and the occurrence/absence of groundwater when intersected by a water well or petroleum well. Hydrostratigraphic aquifer units are sub-divided into up to three distinct hydrochemical regimes: brines (deep), brackish-saline sulphur water (intermediate), and fresh (shallow). The hydrostratigraphic unit assignment provides a standard nomenclature and definition for regional flow modelling of potable water and deeper fluids. Included in the model are: 1) 3-D hydrostratigraphic units, 2) 3-D hydrochemical fluid zones within aquifers, 3) 3-D representations of oil and natural gas reservoirs which form an integral part of the intermediate to deep groundwater regimes, 4) 3-D fluid level surfaces for deep Cambrian brines, for brines and fresh to sulphurous groundwater in the Guelph Aquifer, and the fresh to sulphurous groundwater of the Bass Islands Aquifer and Lucas-Dundee Aquifer, 5) inferred shallow karst, 6) base of fresh water, 7) Lockport Group TDS, and 8) the 3-D lithostratigraphy. The 3-D hydrostratigraphic model is derived from the lithostratigraphic layers of the published 3-D geological model. It is constructed using Leapfrog Works at 400 m grid scale and is distributed in a proprietary format with free viewer software as well as industry standard formats.
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Brewer, K. D. Water level data from the Bells Corners Borehole Calibration Facility (2019-2021), Ottawa, Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330087.

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The Geological Survey of Canada's deep borehole test site at the Bells Corners Borehole Calibration Facility in Ottawa, Ontario, has been in use since the 1980's for the development and calibration of geophysical logging instrumentation. In more recent times, the need for monitored deep borehole sites in Canada is increasingly important for long-term research into groundwater flow through fractured bedrock, and surface to groundwater interaction. In 2019, the facility underwent repairs to reopen deep boreholes, replace surface casings, and install atmospheric monitoring equipment. This report documents new groundwater level datasets in three of the six boreholes in the well cluster from March 2019 to October 2021. The compilation also integrates rainfall and air temperature data from a rain gauge installed on the site which provides insight into the rapid response times of this fractured bedrock system. This new water level information augments the growing number of datasets supporting the ongoing study of hydrogeological conditions at the calibration facility.
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4

Kerr, D. E. Reconnaissance surficial geology, Beechey Lake, Nunavut, NTS 76-G. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329669.

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Preliminary mapping studies of Beechey Lake map area, through aerial photograph interpretation and limited legacy data, improve our understanding of surficial sediments and glacial history. The area is dominated by glacially and meltwater-scoured bedrock, hummocky moraine, till of varying thickness occasionally streamlined, and thin ridged till. Glacial lake sediments are predominantly in river valley lowlands. Glaciolacustrine delta and raised beach elevations range from 410 m to 230 m and 440 m to 290 m, respectively. Glaciofluvial deposits consist of eskers, ice-contact mounds, proglacial outwash plains, and terraces. Basal meltwater from regional ice stagnation and downwasting scoured subglacial and proglacial meltwater corridors and channels of varying width, many trending northwest. A glaciomarine delta was deposited in a high-sea marine environment following deglaciation in the northernmost map area. Streamlined till and bedrock landforms and striations indicate regional ice flow was dominantly northwest. A late westward and southwestward deglacial ice flow is preserved sporadically in the easternmost map area, and well preserved in the west-central and southwestern map areas, west of a discontinuous hummocky moraine belt.
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Fallas, K. M., and R. B. MacNaughton. Bedrock mapping and stratigraphic studies in the Mackenzie Mountains, Franklin Mountains, Colville Hills, and adjacent areas of the Northwest Territories, Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program 2009-2019. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326093.

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The Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) program provided an opportunity to update bedrock geological maps for nearly 92 000 km2 of the northwestern portion of the mainland area of the Northwest Territories. Twenty-four new maps (at the scale of 1:100 000 or 1:250 000) cover a region from the Colville Hills southwestward into the Mackenzie Mountains, including areas of significant mineral and energy resource potential. New mapping was informed by archived Geological Survey of Canada data, notably from Operation Norman (1968-1970), as well as by public-domain industry data. Maps incorporate numerous stratigraphic revisions that postdate Operation Norman, including GEM program innovations affecting Neoproterozoic (specifically Tonian and Ediacaran), Cambrian, and Ordovician units. In this paper, the mapping effort and stratigraphic revisions are documented, a preliminary treatment of structural geology is provided, and related subsurface studies are summarized. Following GEM, GIS-enabled bedrock maps will be available for a swath of territory stretching from the edge of the Selwyn Basin, near the Yukon border, to the Brock Inlier in the northeastern portion of the mainland area of the Northwest Territories.
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Dredge, L. A. Reconnaissance surficial geology, Joe Lake north, Nunavut, NTS 66-J north. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329417.

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The northwest part of the Joe Lake North map area is dominated by glaciated granitic and gneissic bedrock, and small lake basins. The remainder of the area is gently rolling terrain consisting of a major north-trending drumlin field, four esker systems, and marine deposits that lie between the drumlins. Postglacial marine deposits occupy much of the terrain in the north part of the map area. The limit of postglacial marine submergence is at about 180 m a.s.l. in the southwest, and at about 170 m elsewhere, as determined by wave-washed trimlines on drumlins, and several ice-contact deltas on eskers. Well formed beaches are rare, but drumlins have been reworked to varying degrees. Those at higher elevations in the south have been only slightly modified by postglacial seas, whereas those at lower elevations in the north are covered by a veneer of marine deposits.
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7

Kerr, D. E. Reconnaissance surficial geology, Clarke River, Northwest Territories, NTS 65-M north. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329416.

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The Clarke River map area (north half) comprises isolated areas of glacially and meltwater scoured bedrock, till veneers and blankets, locally fluted, and strongly fluted (mega-scale glacial lineations) streamlined till in the northeast. Ridged till may overlie fluted till blanket and streamlined till. Glaciofluvial esker complexes and associated meltwater outwash sediments trend westward (some may parallel pre-glacial valleys), southwestward, and northwestward. Glaciolacustrine sediments are a minor component. An early regional warm-based diverging southwestern and southern ice flow is well preserved in the central regions across the map area. The youngest late deglacial ice flows, in the extreme southwest and broader northeast region, are both northwesterly. The latter represents the Dubawnt Lake ice stream. During ice retreat, ridged till was deposited with minor moraines and larger recessional moraines locally. Ponding meltwater formed pro-glacial lakes with deltas, beaches, and trim lines from 355 m elevation, in the southwest, to 155 m, in the northeast.
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Dyke, A. S., J. E. Campbell, and G. Lauzon. Surficial geology, Abitau Lake, Northwest Territories, NTS 75-B. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330072.

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The Abitau Lake map area lies in the Rae Province of the Canadian Shield. Quaternary deposits are extensive and thick, with bedrock outcrop concentrated in the northwest and southwest. Till is extensively streamlined to the west-southwest by late deglacial ice flow from the Keewatin Ice Divide. The region is incised by west-southwest flowing subglacial meltwater corridors that extend across the map area, spaced 5 to 15 km apart. The ice flow chronology (Figure 1) is recorded both in the landforms and in the striae record. Rare measurements record an old flowset oriented northwest-southeast. Well defined indicators in cross-cutting relationships reveal a regional clockwise rotation in ice-flow directions evolving from an old southward to a late deglacial westward flow. Short-lived proglacial lakes, as evidenced by wave-cut scarps, terraced outwash, ice-contact deltas, and patches of glacial lake sediments, occupied a paleodrainage area not only of Hudson Bay but possibly also the headwaters of the Mackenzie River.
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9

Weissinger, Rebecca, and Dana Witwicki. Riparian monitoring of wadeable streams at Courthouse Wash, Arches National Park: Summary report, 2010–2019. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287907.

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The goal of Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) riparian monitoring is to determine long-term trends in hydrologic, geomorphic, and vegetative properties of wadeable streams in the context of changes in other ecological drivers, stressors, and processes. This information is intended to provide early warning of resource degradation and determine natural variability of wadeable streams. This report summarizes NCPN monitoring of Courthouse Wash in Arches National Park (NP) from 2010 to 2019. The focus of this report is to (1) present geomorphology and vegetation data from five reaches monitored in Courthouse Wash from 2010 to 2015, and (2) examine patterns in water availability at one monitoring reach from November 2010 to December 2019. Vegetation sampling and geomorphology surveys were suspended in 2016 due to budget cuts; this report presents baseline data for future comparisons. The NCPN has five monitoring reaches located between the inflow of Sevenmile Canyon, a major tributary, and the terminus of Courthouse Wash, at the Colorado River. Two reaches (2, 5) are located in Upper Courthouse Wash, and three (1, 4, 7) in Lower Courthouse Wash. Hydrologic monitoring wells are installed only at Reach 1. During our monitoring period, which included drought years in 2012 and 2018 and a wetter-than-average period from fall 2013 to 2014, groundwater levels showed steep declines corresponding to the start of the growing season each year. Hot, dry summers and falls in 2012, 2018, and 2019 showed the deepest troughs in groundwater levels. Active monsoon years helped elevate summer and fall groundwater levels in 2013 and 2014. Continued monitoring will help us better understand the relationship of climate and water availability at this reach. A geomorphic survey was completed once for reaches 2, 4, and 7, and twice for reaches 5 and 1. Powerful floods during our monitoring period resulted in aggradation of the channel in reaches 5 and 1, which were first surveyed in March 2013. Flooding in September 2013 resulted in an average of 0.24 meters of deposition found in the channel thalweg at Reach 1 in March 2014. Storm events in May 2014 caused additional aggradation. In March 2015, an average of 0.41 meters of deposition was recorded in the channel thalweg at Reach 5, with 0.32 meters of deposition between the vegetation transect headpins compared to the 2013 data. The riparian vegetation recorded at our monitoring reaches is consistent with an open-canopy Fremont cottonwood woodland with a diverse understory. Canopy closure ranged from 29% to 52%. Measurements were sensitive enough to detect a 10% reduction in canopy closure at Reach 5 during a pest infestation in June 2013. Canopy closure subsequently rebounded at the reach by 2015. Total obligate and facultative wetland cover ranged from 7% to 26%. Fremont cottonwood seedlings, saplings, and overstory trees were present at all reaches, indicating good potential for future regeneration of the canopy structure. These data can serve as a baseline for comparison with future monitoring efforts. One area of management concern is that exotic-plant frequency and cover were relatively high in all monitoring reaches. Exotic cover ranged from 2% to 30%. High exotic cover was related to years with high cover of annual brome grasses. High cover of exotic grasses is associated with increased wildfire risk in southwestern riparian systems, which are not well-adapted to fire. Managers should be prepared for this increased risk following wet winters that promote annual brome grass cover. Beaver activity was noted throughout bedrock-constrained reaches in Courthouse Wash. Beaver activity can reduce adjacent woody riparian vegetation cover, but it also contributes to maintaining a higher water table and persistent surface water. Climate change is likely to be an increasingly significant stressor in Courthouse Wash, as hotter, drier conditions decrease water levels and increase drought stress...
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Kerber, Steve. Impact of Ventilation on Fire Behavior in Legacy and Contemporary Residential Construction. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/gieq2593.

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Under the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Assistance to Firefighter Grant Program, Underwriters Laboratories examined fire service ventilation practices as well as the impact of changes in modern house geometries. There has been a steady change in the residential fire environment over the past several decades. These changes include larger homes, more open floor plans and volumes and increased synthetic fuel loads. This series of experiments examine this change in fire behavior and the impact on firefighter ventilation tactics. This fire research project developed the empirical data that is needed to quantify the fire behavior associated with these scenarios and result in immediately developing the necessary firefighting ventilation practices to reduce firefighter death and injury. Two houses were constructed in the large fire facility of Underwriters Laboratories in Northbrook, IL. The first of two houses constructed was a one-story, 1200 ft, 3 bedroom, bathroom house with 8 total rooms. The second house was a two-story 3200 ft, 4 bedroom, 2.5 bathroom house with 12 total rooms. The second house featured a modern open floor plan, two- story great room and open foyer. Fifteen experiments were conducted varying the ventilation locations and the number of ventilation openings. Ventilation scenarios included ventilating the front door only, opening the front door and a window near and remote from the seat of the fire, opening a window only and ventilating a higher opening in the two-story house. One scenario in each house was conducted in triplicate to examine repeatability. The results of these experiments provide knowledge for the fire service for them to examine their thought processes, standard operating procedures and training content. Several tactical considerations were developed utilizing the data from the experiments to provide specific examples of changes that can be adopted based on a departments current strategies and tactics.
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