Academic literature on the topic 'Bedrock landslide'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bedrock landslide"
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Wang, H. B., B. Zhou, S. R. Wu, J. S. Shi, and B. Li. "Characteristic analysis of large-scale loess landslides: a case study in Baoji City of Loess Plateau of Northwest China." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 7 (July 5, 2011): 1829–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-1829-2011.
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Abstract. Landslides are one of the most common geologic hazards in the Loess Plateau of northwest China, especially with some of the highest landslide densities found in Shaanxi and adjacent provinces. Prior to assessing the landslide hazard, a detailed landslide inventory map is fundamental. This study documents the landslides on the northwest Loess Plateau with high accuracy using high-resolution Quickbird imagery for landslide inventory mapping in the Changshou valley of Baoji city. By far the majority of landslides are in loess, representing small-scale planar sliding. Most of the large-scale landslides involve loess and bedrock, and the failure planes occurred either along the contacts between fluvial deposits and Neogene argillites, or partially within the bedrock. In the sliding zones of a large scale landslide, linear striations and fractures of the soils were clearly developed, clay minerals were oriented in the same direction and microorganism growths were present. From the analysis of microstructure of sliding soils, it is concluded that the Zhuyuan landslide can be reactivated if either new or recurring water seepage is caused in the sliding surface. It can be concluded that most landslides are attributed to the undercutting of the slope associated with gullying, and numerous ancillary factors including bedrock-loess interface, slope steepness, vegetation cover and land utilization.
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Glassmeyer, Michael P., and Abdul Shakoor. "Factors Contributing to Landslide Susceptibility of the Kope Formation, Cincinnati, Ohio." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 27, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-d-20-00077.
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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the factors that contribute to the high frequency of landslides in the Kope Formation and the overlying colluvial soil present in the Cincinnati area, southwestern Ohio. The Kope Formation consists of approximately 80 percent shale inter-bedded with 20 percent limestone. The colluvium that forms from the weathering of the shale bedrock consists of a low-plasticity clay. Based on field observations, LiDAR data, and information gathered from city and county agencies, we created a landslide inventory map for the Cincinnati area, identifying 842 landslides. From the inventory map, we selected 10 landslides that included seven rotational and three translational slides for detailed investigations. Representative samples were collected from the landslide sites for determining natural water content, Atterberg limits, grain size distribution, shear strength parameters, and slake durability index. For the translational landslides, strength parameters were determined along the contact between the bedrock and the overlying colluvium. The results of the study indicate that multiple factors contribute to landslide susceptibility of the Kope Formation and the overlying colluvium, including low shear strength of the colluvial soil, development of porewater pressure within the slope, human activity such as loading the top or cutting the toe of a slope, low to very low durability of the bedrock that allows rapid disintegration of the bedrock and accumulation of colluvial soil, undercutting of the slope toe by stream water, and steepness of the slopes.
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Robertson, Jesse E., Karl E. Karlstrom, Matthew T. Heizler, and Laura J. Crossey. "Realignments of the Colorado River by ∼2 m.y. of rotational bedrock landsliding: The Surprise Valley landslide complex, Grand Canyon, Arizona." Geosphere 17, no. 6 (October 1, 2021): 1715–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02280.1.
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Abstract The Surprise Valley landslide complex is the name used here for a group of prominent river-damming landslides in Grand Canyon (Arizona, USA) that has shifted the path of the Colorado River several times in the past 2 m.y. We document a sequence of eight landslides. Three are Toreva-block landslides containing back-rotated but only mildly disrupted bedrock stratigraphy. The largest of these landslides, Surprise Valley landslide, is hypothesized to have dammed the Colorado River, cut off a meander loop through Surprise Valley, and rerouted the river 2.5 km south to near its present course at the Granite Narrows. Another bedrock landslide, Poncho's runup, involved a mass detachment from the north side of the river that drove a kilometer-scale bedrock slab across the river and up the south canyon wall to a height of 823 m above the river. A lake behind this landslide is inferred from the presence of mainstem gravels atop the slide that represent the approximate spillway elevation. We postulate that this landslide lake facilitated the upriver 133 Mile slide detachment and Toreva block formation. The other five landslides are subsequent slides that consist of debris from the primary slides; these also partially blocked and diverted the Colorado River as well as the Deer Creek and Tapeats Creek tributaries into new bedrock gorges over the past 1 m.y. The sequence of landslides is reconstructed from inset relationships revealed by geologic mapping and restored cross-sections. Relative ages are estimated by measuring landslide base height above the modern river level in locations where landslides filled paleochannels of the Colorado River and its tributaries. We calculate an average bedrock incision rate of 138 m/m.y. as determined by a 0.674 ± 0.022 Ma detrital sanidine maximum depositional age of the paleoriver channel fill of the Piano slide, which has its base 70 m above the river level and ∼93 m above bedrock level beneath the modern river channel. This date is within error of, and significantly refines, the prior cosmogenic burial date of 0.88 ± 0.44 Ma on paleochannel cobbles. Assuming steady incision at 138 m/m.y., the age of Surprise Valley landslide is estimated to be ca. 2.1 Ma; Poncho's runup is estimated to be ca. 610 ka; and diversion of Deer Creek to form modern Deer Creek Falls is estimated to be ca. 400 ka. The age of the most recent slide, Backeddy slide, is estimated to be ca. 170 ka based on its near-river-level position. Our proposed triggering mechanism for Surprise Valley landslides involves groundwater saturation of a failure plane in the weak Bright Angel Formation resulting from large volumes of Grand Canyon north-rim groundwater recharge prior to establishment of the modern Deer, Thunder, and Tapeats springs. Poncho's and Piano landslides may have been triggered by shale saturation caused by 600–650 ka lava dams that formed 45 river miles (73 river km; river miles are measured along the Colorado River downstream from Lees Ferry, with 1 river mile = 1.62 river kms) downstream near Lava Falls. We cannot rule out effects from seismic triggering along the nearby Sinyala fault. Each of the inferred landslide dams was quickly overtopped (tens of years), filled with sediment (hundreds of years), and removed (thousands of years) by the Colorado River, as is also the potential fate of modern dams.
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Adella Syavira, Y Yatini, and Wrego Seno Giamboro. "Identification of landslide potential based on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data in Prambanan District, Sleman, Yogyakarta." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 13, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 071–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2022.13.2.0193.
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The application of the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method which was carried out in the Prambanan District, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta was to determine the geometry of the slip plane of potential landslides. This method can see the contrast between the slip plane of the landslide and the landslide material that is above the slip plane. Measurements were made on field "A" consisting of 6 tracks and field "B" consisting of 7 tracks. The cross section of the radargram shows a penetration depth of about 6 - 7 meters, divided into 3 layers, namely, the S1 layer (soil), the S2 layer (transition zone), and bedrock. The depth of the slip field for potential landslides produced at the boundary layers of S1 and S2 is about 1 – 1.5 meters and the depth of the boundary layers for s2 and bedrock is about 2 – 3 meters. The geometry distribution map of the slip plane shows the type of landslide in the form of a translational landslide.
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Miles, D. W. R., and F. J. Swanson. "Vegetation composition on recent landslides in the Cascade Mountains of western Oregon." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 4 (August 1, 1986): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-132.
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Shallow, rapid landslides are common events and significant causes of vegetation disturbance in the Pacific Northwest. Landslides remove surface soil and above- and below-ground biomass from steep slopes and deposit them downslope or in streams. Vegetation cover and frequency were sampled on 25 landslides aged 6–28 years in the Cascade Mountains of western Oregon. Landslides sampled were debris avalanches ranging in surface area from 36 to 1287 m2, in elevation from 460 to 1100 m, and in slope from 40 to 173%. The landslides originated in undisturbed forests, recently harvested tracts of timber, road cuts, and road fills. Substrates within landslide areas were separated into five types and the vegetation cover was estimated for each: bedrock, 19%; secondary erosion, 25%; primary scar, 51%; secondary deposition, 57%; primary deposition, 71%. Vegetation cover averaged 51% overall and cover ranged from 7 to 88% among landslide sites. No relation between landslide age and vegetation cover was established. Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco was the most common tree species overall and dominated all substrates except bedrock, where no single tree species occurred on more than 20% of the plots. Rubusursinus Cham. & Schlecht. was the most common shrub species on all substrates. Anaphalismargaritacea (L.) B & H and Trientalislatifolia Hook, were the most common herb species on all substrates except bedrock, where annual Epilobium spp. were most common.
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Sanhueza-Pino, Katia, Oliver Korup, Ralf Hetzel, Henry Munack, Johannes T. Weidinger, Stuart Dunning, Cholponbek Ormukov, and Peter W. Kubik. "Glacial advances constrained by 10Be exposure dating of bedrock landslides, Kyrgyz Tien Shan." Quaternary Research 76, no. 3 (November 2011): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2011.06.013.
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AbstractNumerous large landslide deposits occur in the Tien Shan, a tectonically active intraplate orogen in Central Asia. Yet their significance in Quaternary landscape evolution and natural hazard assessment remains unresolved due to the lack of "absolute" age constraints. Here we present the first 10Be exposure ages for three prominent (> 107 m3) bedrock landslides that blocked major rivers and formed lakes, two of which subsequently breached, in the northern Kyrgyz Tien Shan. Three 10Be ages reveal that one landslide in the Alamyedin River occurred at 11–15 ka, which is consistent with two 14C ages of gastropod shells from reworked loess capping the landslide. One large landslide in Aksu River is among the oldest documented in semi-arid continental interiors, with a 10Be age of 63–67 ka. The Ukok River landslide deposit(s) yielded variable 10Be ages, which may result from multiple landslides, and inheritance of 10Be. Two 10Be ages of 8.2 and 5.9 ka suggest that one major landslide occurred in the early to mid-Holocene, followed by at least one other event between 1.5 and 0.4 ka. Judging from the regional glacial chronology, all three landslides have occurred between major regional glacial advances. Whereas Alamyedin and Ukok can be considered as postglacial in this context, Aksu is of interglacial age. None of the landslide deposits show traces of glacial erosion, hence their locations and 10Be ages mark maximum extents and minimum ages of glacial advances, respectively. Using toe-to-headwall altitude ratios of 0.4–0.5, we reconstruct minimum equilibrium-line altitudes that exceed previous estimates by as much as 400 m along the moister northern fringe of the Tien Shan. Our data show that deposits from large landslides can provide valuable spatio-temporal constraints for glacial advances in landscapes where moraines and glacial deposits have low preservation potential.
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Wang, Hao, Peng Wang, Hongyu Qin, Jianwei Yue, and Jianwei Zhang. "Method to Control the Deformation of Anti-Slide Piles in Zhenzilin Landslide." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 19, 2020): 2831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082831.
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Anti-slide piles were used in the region of the Zhenzilin landslide in Sichuan, China. The horizontal displacement of these piles exceeds specifications. Deterioration in bedrock properties may cause deformation, thereby causing landslide destabilization. An approach was developed for the analysis of anti-slide pile in two bedrocks with different strengths below the slip surface. A relationship has been established between the modulus of subgrade reaction of the first weak bedrock and reasonable embedded length for landfill slopes with strata of various strengths. Furthermore, the influence of embedding length on deformation has been studied to determine the reasonable embedded length, which helps reduce deformation and ensure landslide stability. The results reveal that (1) at a constant embedded length, horizontal displacement increases with the thickness of the first soft bedrock, meanwhile the maximum shear force remains constant, and the bending moment first increases followed by subsequent decrease; (2) with an increase in the embedded length, horizontal displacement and the maximum shear force of the pile in the embedded bedrock decrease, whereas the bending moment increases; (3) the maximum internal forces and horizontal displacement increase with a decrease in the subgrade reaction modulus of the first weak rock; and (4) the reasonable embedded length of an anti-slide pile increases with a decrease in the subgrade reaction modulus of the first weak bedrock. The proposed approach can be employed to design anti-slide piles in similar landslide regions to control pile-head deformation.
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Pan, Shangtao, Wei Gao, and Ruilin Hu. "Physical Modeling for Large-Scale Landslide with Chair-Shaped Bedrock Surfaces under Precipitation and Reservoir Water Fluctuation Conditions." Water 14, no. 6 (March 21, 2022): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14060984.
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The deformation and failure mechanisms of historical landslides, characterized with different types of bedrock surface shapes which are known to have been induced by rainfall and reservoir water fluctuations, is an important issue currently being addressed by many researchers. The Zhaoshuling Landslide of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, which was characterized with a chair-shaped bedrock surface under rainfall and reservoir water fluctuation conditions, was selected as an example in this study’s physical modeling process. The results of different parameters, including the displacements, pore water pressure, and total soil pressure during the landslide event, revealed that the Zhaoshuling Landslide with a chair-shaped bedrock surface had been extremely sensitive to heavy rainfall coupled with the rapid lowering of the water levels. Then, based on the data analysis results of the monitoring of the rainfall and groundwater levels, as well as the reservoir water levels, a conceptual model was put forward to explain the failure mechanisms. It was believed that the chair-shaped bedrock at the toe of the slope had been subjected to a localized zone of high transient pore water pressure, which had significantly adverse effects on the mechanisms of the slope stability.
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Regmi, Sanjeev, and Ranjan Kumar Dahal. "Slope stability issues of Bukula Landslide in Raghuganga Hydropower Project." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 65 (August 22, 2023): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v65i01.57774.
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Slope stability concerns hold global significance among researchers, professionals, and academicians. Despite various research studies, geological and geotechnical investigations on landslides, there is still a lack of proper and comprehensive landslide hazard study, accurate data acquisition, and effective monitoring mechanism in Nepal. The objective of this present study is to identify the type of failure, causes and effects of landslide and possible mitigation measures of Bukula Landslide located within Raghuganga Hydropower Project in Myagdi. This landslide is a large-scale landslide that spans over 500 meters with vertical relief exceeding 300 m. Based on visual inspection, wedge, toppling, and buckling failures prevail within the landslide. The bedrock is thinly foliated and moderately jointed, while 3 m long tension cracks are observed along the foot trail across the landslide area, indicating that the slope is unstable. Notably, buckling failures are common in highly jointed bedrock with low RQD. Likewise, sheared zones/weak zones were observed within the landslide area. The geological survey, kinematic analysis and numerical simulations of the hillslope revealed that Bukula landslide was triggered by sheared rock mass and river toe cutting. To mitigate the problems caused by the landslide, proper support structure installation and drainage system design are necessary.
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Melchiorre, C., and A. Tryggvason. "Application of a fast and efficient algorithm to assess landslide prone areas in sensitive clays – toward landslide susceptibility assessment, Sweden." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 12 (December 19, 2014): 7773–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-7773-2014.
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Abstract. This work deals with susceptibility assessment in sensitive clays at national scale. The proposed methodology is based on a procedure which uses soil data and Digital Elevation Models to detect areas prone to landslides and has been applied in Sweden for several years. Specifically, we tested an algorithm which is able to detect soil and slope criteria guaranteeing a faster execution compared to other implementations and an efficient filtering procedure. The adopted computational solution allows using local information on depth to bedrock and several cross-sectional angle thresholds, and therefore opens up new possibilities to improve landslide susceptibility assessment. We tested the algorithm in the Göta River valley and evaluated the effect of filtering, depth to bedrock and cross-sectional angle thresholds on model performance. The thresholds were derived by analysing the relationship between landslide scarps and the Quick Clay Susceptibility Index (QCSI). The results gave us important insights on how to implement the filtering procedure, the use of depth to bedrock and the derived cross-sectional angle thresholds in landslide susceptibility assessment.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bedrock landslide"
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Ferry, Nicholas. "Role of a Rigid Bedrock Substrate on Emplacement of the Blue Diamond Landslide, Basin and Range Province, Eastern Spring Mountains, Southern Nevada." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1595848435400303.
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Dykes, Alan Philip. "Hydrological controls on shallow mass movements and characteristic slope forms in the tropical rainforest of Temburong District, Brunei." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364787.
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Krothapalli, Gautam. "Load Transfer Across Pre-Stressed Tieback Anchors Grouted In Kope Bedrock Formation." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1384426138.
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Curliss, Lydia. "Controlling Factors on Bedrock River Sinuosity in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1415353062.
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D'ADDARIO, ENRICO. "A NEW APPROACH TO ASSESS THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SHALLOW LANDSLIDES AT REGIONAL SCALE AS INFLUENCED BY BEDROCK GEO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1139948.
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Due to high velocity, high frequency and the lack of warning signs, shallow landslides represent a major hazardous factor in mountain regions. Moreover, increasing urbanisation and climate changes triggering intense rainfall events make shallow landslides a source of widespread risk. The interest of the scientific community in this process has grown in the last three decades with the aim to perform robust shallow landslide hazard assessment at regional scale.
Generally, these slope failures involve relatively small volumes of material sliding along with a planar shallow rupture surface. In the literature it is widely accepted that shallow landslides involve only slope deposit (or colluvium) and the sliding surface correspond to the discontinuity between bedrock and the overlying loose material. The fieldwork conducted in this thesis highlighted that often shallow landslides involve also the weathered and fractured portion of bedrock. In this framework, the implementation of shallow landslides susceptibility modelling should take into account the engineering geological properties of slope deposits, as well as of the underlying bedrock. In this thesis a fieldwork-based method is proposed to acquire, process and spatialize engineering geological properties of slope deposits and bedrock. The aims of this thesis were to compile a new multi-temporal shallow landslide inventory, characterize the engineering geological properties of slope deposits and bedrock, implement and compare shallow landslide susceptibility modelling by means a physically-based and a data-driven methods and explore the role of bedrock in shallow slope failures. The study area corresponds to a 242 km2 portion of the Garfagnana basin (Northern Apennines), a mountainous region where the elevation ranges between 150 and 2000 m a.s.l. characterized by an incised and rugged morphology with steep slopes (average 28° degrees) and a mean annual rainfall between 1500 and 2500 mm/year. From a geological point of view, the Garfagnana basin is a narrow intra-mountainous valley, interposed betweeen the Alpi Apuane metamorphic complex to the east and the sedimentary northern Apennine’s ridge to the west.
The fieldwork and laboratory tasks carried out to map engineering geology characters of slope deposits consisted on a set of hundreds of field sampling points, with the acquisition of depth to the bedrock, geotechnical horizons, unit weight, as well as soil samples for lab analysis. The distribution of points was chosen by observing that engineering geology properties of slope deposits depend on both bedrock lithology and morphometric conditions. In order to obtain the map distribution of engineering geology parameters, we implemented a spatial analysis by clustering morphometric variables stratified as a function of bedrock lithological units. In order to investigate the engineering geology characteristics of the bedrock, a field survey aimed to classify rock masses was conducted. For each survey site, 200-400 Schmidt hammer rebound measures, bedding and joint data, GSI (Geological Strenght Index) and samples for laboratory analyses (unit weight and slake durability test) were collected. The field data were processed and spatially analyzed by means uni-variate and multi-variate cluster analysis in order to delineate domains with different bedrock geo-mechanical properties. The shallow landslide susceptibility analysis was performed using both data-driven, Information Value, and physically-based, a modified version of SHALSTAB model (PROBSS), methods.
The numerical modelling faced three issues: a) the comparison of PROBSS and Information value (IV) in the prediction of shallow landslides involving SD; b) the training and cross-validation of IV models using shallow landslides involving bedrock or not; c) implementation of a physically-based model to predict involving bedrock shallow landslides. First of all, the results highlight that the field-based methods proposed here to evaluate engineering geological properties of slope deposits and bedrock are adequate for the implementation of regionalised physically-based susceptibility models.
The comparison between PROBSS and IV highlights that the simplification of shallow landslides adopted by the infinite slope model which do not take into account the occurrence of a sliding surface located below the slope deposits / bedrock discontinuity, may affect the performance of physically-based susceptibility models. The accuracy of IV model is slightly better that PROBSS model. Having implemented two data-driven susceptibility models using two different training datasets highlighted the different characteristics that slope deposits and bedrock involving shallow landslides have, suggesting and demonstrating that the latter occur in conditions that the physically based model cannot predict. By placing the slip surface below the discontinuity between slope deposits and bedrock and providing shear strength parameters compatible with a weathered and fractured rock material, satisfactory accuracy result was obtained with PROBSS model.
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Van, Esch Kristen Johanna Brearley. "Failure behaviour of bedrock and overburden landslides of the Peace River Valley near Fort St. John, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42928.
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A reach of Peace River between Fort St. John and Hudson’s Hope flows in a steepsided
valley cut by meltwater and Holocene river flow through Cretaceous shale and
sandstone covered by clay‐rich glaciolacustrine deposits. Numerous landslides occur on the
banks, initiating in both the bedrock and overburden. Following a recently completed local
landslide inventory and the completion of an airborne LiDAR survey, five landslides have
been examined in detail: the Attachie Slide, the Moberly River Slide, the Halfway River Slide,
the Cache Creek Slide and the Tea Creek Slide. Analysis of the five case studies suggests that
most slope movements can be attributed to one of four dominant landslide failure
mechanisms: compound rock slides, compound overburden slides, shallow rapid flow slides,
and earth flows.
Compound slides in bedrock and overburden are morphologically similar. Most have
the character of compound slides, exploiting weak horizontal clay layers found at multiple
levels in both materials. Typically, a sliding surface develops along a bedding plane presheared
to residual friction and connects to a steep main scarp cross cutting the layers of
rock and soil. Frequently this mechanism then repeats successively at multiple levels. The
Cache Creek Slide and Tea Creek Slide are examples of compound slides in bedrock. The
Moberly River Slide and the Attachie Slide are examples of compound slides in overburden.
The toes of the slide deposits often assume the character of earth flow tongues which are
intermittently removed by river erosion. Shallow rapid flow slides, such as the Halfway River
Slide, are also common in the normally consolidated glaciolacustrine silts and clays of
Glacial Lake Peace that overlie the study area.
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Huber, Marius. "Dynamique des grands glissements de terrain rocheux, modélisation numérique et études de cas en Himalaya." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2024_0083_HUBER.pdf.
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Les glissements de terrain sont un phénomène courant à la surface de la Terre. Ils représentent à la fois un risque naturel majeur pour les populations et les infrastructures, et un processus dominant dans l’érosion des pentes montagneuses et dans l'évolution des surfaces continentales. Les facteurs qui conditionnent et préparent les pentes avant de les conduire à s’effondrer sont multiples et comprennent, entre autres, les caractéristiques du matériau constitutif du versant ainsi que des facteurs externes tels que le climat et la sismicité. L’étude de ces facteurs est fondamentale pour pouvoir comprendre l’apparition des mouvements gravitaires et leur dynamique. Cela inclut notamment la compréhension des déformations de grande ampleur, qui bien que se produisant rarement ou avec un faible taux d'activité, ont un fort impact en termes d’aléas naturels et de développement des reliefs. Cette thèse de doctorat se concentre sur les glissements de terrain profonds qui se produisent au sein du substrat rocheux des versants. La première partie de cette thèse s’intéresse à deux phénomènes gravitaires majeurs se produisant dans le massif de l'Annapurna en Himalaya (Népal central) : les écroulements rocheux géants (volume de débris > 0,1 km3) et les déformations gravitaires non- catastrophiques de versants (DSGSD en anglais). Des mesures d'âge d’exposition basées sur les nucléides cosmogéniques (isotopes 10Be et 36Cl) et d’âge d’enfouissement (14C) nous ont permis de dater l'âge de 3 écroulements géants en flanc nord des Annapurnas, et de reconstruire la paléo-activité d'un grand DSGSD en flanc sud. Combinés avec la reconstruction des volumes, nos résultats indiquent que les écroulements géants se sont produits pendant l'optimum climatique de l'Holocène (EHCO) et l’optimum climatique médiéval, c'est-à-dire principalement à la fin de périodes plus chaudes et plus humides qu’ait connu la Terre. Ce synchronisme suggère un forçage climatique sur le déclenchement des effondrements géants. Nous identifions également une plus grande activité du DSGSD à la fin de l'EHCO, soulignant de même le rôle du forçage climatique sur la déstabilisation des versants himalayens. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, un modèle numérique aux éléments discrets est utilisé pour étudier comment l'anisotropie mécanique de la roche affecte la rupture d'un versant de pente uniforme. Après avoir défini un matériau à isotropie transverse et aux caractéristiques mécaniques proches de celles d'un gneiss, nous explorons de manière systématique et en deux dimensions (0 - 180°), l’influence sur la rupture de l’orientation relative du plan d'isotropie par rapport à celle du versant. Nos résultats indiquent que si le plan d'isotropie est légèrement moins incliné que la pente topographique (configuration cataclinale), la stabilité de la pente n’est assurée qu’avec une résistance du substrat beaucoup plus élevée que dans une configuration où le plan d'isotropie est perpendiculaire à la pente (configuration anaclinale). De plus, comme constaté sur le terrain en Himalaya, les modes d’effondrement des versants dépendent fortement de l'orientation du plan d'isotropie. Nous observons : pour les pentes cataclinales, un glissement parallèle au plan d’isotropie ou sinon un flambage, si le versant est plus ou respectivement moins raide que le plan d’isotropie ; pour les pentes anaclinales, un basculement/fléchissement ou l'éboulement par blocs, suivant que le plan d'isotropie est à fort ou à faible pendage. Contredisant, pour les montagnes actives, la vision simplifiée de versants aux pentes uniformes et proches de l'angle de frottement interne des roches, notre travail met en évidence une diversité de pentes critiques et de processus de glissement de terrain qui dépendent à la fois de facteurs internes (e.g. l'anisotropie) et de facteurs externes (contexte tectono-climatique)Landslides are a common phenomenon on the Earth’s surface. They come in many forms as a wide range of environmental conditions determine the characteristics of slope failure. They are a threat to human society and play an important role in the denudation of hillslopes and thus in the evolution of the Earth's surface. Factors that precondition and prepare slopes to failure are diverse and include the characteristics of the failure material as well as external factors such as climate and seismicity. A conceptually coherent understanding of these factors is required to better assess landslides, especially their large representatives which occur with low frequency and activity rates, but are however critical in terms of natural hazards and development of reliefs. This PhD-thesis is focused on bedrock landslides, which are slope failures that occur in rock masses. In the first part of the thesis, two subtypes of bedrock landslides located in the Annapurna Massif of central Nepal are investigated: Giant rock avalanches (> 0,1 km3 failure volume) and non-catastrophic Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformations (DSGSDs). Absolute dating techniques, including cosmogenic nuclide exposure measurements (10Be and 36Cl isotopes) and 14C carbon burial dating were used to determine the age and volumes of 3 giant rock avalanches and reconstruct the paleo- activity of a DSGSD. Our results indicate that the giant rock avalanches occurred predominantly at the end of Holocene periods with warmer and wetter climatic conditions, i.e. during the Early Holocene Climatic Optimum (EHCO) and the Medieval Warm Period (MWP). This highlights the role of climatic forcing on slope failure. We also identified a higher activity of the DSGSD at the end of the EHCO, further emphasizing the role of climatic forcing on slope destabilization. Besides their implications for natural hazards, our results offer new perspectives on mountain-scale erosion fluxes and landscape denudation in the region. In the second part of the thesis, a discrete element model is used to investigate how rock strength anisotropy affects the failure of a 1 000 m high slope with constant slope angle. After setting up the transverse isotropic material with the mechanical characteristics of a gneiss, the whole range of possible isotropy plane orientations with respect to the slope face is systematically explored in two dimensions (0 – 180°). Our results indicate that if the isotropy plane is slightly less inclined than the topographic slope (i.e. cataclinal overdip configuration), slope stability requires a material strength one order of magnitude higher than in a configuration where the isotropy plane is perpendicular to the slope (i.e. anaclinal configuration). Moreover, as expected from field observations, slope failure modes are directly constrained by the isotropy plane orientation: sliding is observed for cataclinal overdip slopes, buckling for cataclinal underdip slopes, toppling for anaclinal slopes with steeply dipping isotropy planes, and crumbling for anaclinal slopes with less steeply dipping isotropy planes. By analysing the south-facing slopes of the Annapurna Massif (Nepal), we were able to evidence the role of material anisotropy in landscape shaping in the area. The relative orientation of the anisotropy with respect to the topography is an important precondition of slope failure, controlling both the stability and the failure mode. The systematic investigation performed in this thesis contributes to slope stability analysis in general as well as to a better understanding of landscape shaping by slope failure. Our work highlights a diversity of critical slopes and landslide processes that depend on both internal factors (in this case, anisotropy) and external factors (tectono-climatic context)
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Keck, Jeffrey Warren, and 柯傑夫. "Tieliku landslide, northern Taiwan: Possible role of focused bedrock exfiltration tested using a laboratory analogue." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69388507540420151992.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
98
How does focused bedrock exfiltration influence the failure process of a hillslope? If a hillslope has already begun to fail, what features of the failure or the hillslope can be used to distinguish between a failure process controlled by rainfall and a failure process controlled by a point source of bedrock water? These questions play a key role in the investigation of a landslide located in the north central mountains of Taiwan, known as Tieliku. The Tieliku slope failure is hypothesized to have been influenced by high pore water pressures caused by a focused source of bedrock water exfiltration. Research of Tieliku is conducted using field and laboratory techniques. First the history of the slope failure is documented using aerial photographs, survey measurements, high resolution air LIDAR measurements and slope movement data collected from annual rings of trees growing along the upper edge of the scarp. Second, a laboratory analogue hillslope model is used to test hypotheses regarding soil water, bedrock topography and landslides. Results of the analogue model tests are quantified via detailed topography measurements and sediment production histories generated using image analysis techniques. In total, six different experiments are performed and contrasted. Through comparison of Tieliku field data to experiment results, several lines of evidence are found to support the hypothesis that the Tieliku slope failure was influenced by localized, high pore pressures at the top of the failure scarp. In the experiments, localized high pore pressures result from flow exiting a buried pipe. At Tieliku, elevated pore pressures may be caused by focused bedrock exfiltration.
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Zhong-KaiJian and 簡鍾凱. "Application of a Chebyshev Collocation Method to Solve the Movement of Landslide Triggered by Bedrock Exfiltration." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e84gdk.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系
102
A mathematical model clarifies how diverse styles and rates of landslide motion can result from regulation of Coulomb friction by dilation of watersaturated basal shear zones. Evolution of orbits in the phase plane of landslide velocity and basal dilatancy-induced pore pressure with impact of bedrock groundwater exfiltration was studied in the framework of the models of Iverson and Schaeffer(2008) and Iverson(2005).In these models, the velocity of block of soil sliding down an inclined plane is governed by Newton’s equation of motion, while the excess pore pressure, induced by dilatation of basal shear zone, is described by diffusion equation and coupled with the landslide velocity through a basal boundary condition that is expressed in the form of Darcy’s law. In this study, those governing equations are transformed to a system of first-order time ordinary differential equations by using the Chebyshev collocation method. Then a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme was employed to solve this initial-value problem to obtain the evolution of the phase orbits. we follow D’Odorico’s method (2005) to build three distribution type of nonuniform exfiltration rates to simulation how influence is the dependence on the hyetograph structure. Numerical simulations result show different case of distribution type of bedrock exfiltration rates that can produce difference trigger time and style of landslide motion. Case of ahead peak exfiltration distribution type can faster trigger landslide than another case, and postponed peak distribution type of bedrock exfiltration rates trigger time of landslide is later, but it can faster arrived at the same specified sidtance.
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Shin-LinChen and 陳新霖. "Numerical Simulations on the Landslide Motions of an Inclined Soil Layer Caused by Rain Infiltration and Bedrock Exfiltration." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bn3rnd.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系
104
Landslides are the mass movement caused by gravity down the slope on hillsides, and can threaten people's lives and properties. Landslides and its movement mainly are controlled by change in internal the pore water pressure. Rain infiltration and bedrock exfiltration can change pore water pressure within the soil layer, thereby causing the soil slides. In this study, we developed a model that describe the velocity of block sliding down an inclined plane governed by Newton’s equation of motion and diffusion equation, considering the dilatancy angle and friction coefficient could vary with block displacement. Then we can use this model to analyze the soil layer motion along an infinite slope influenced by rainfall infiltration or bedrock exfiltration, respectively. Results show that the sources of excess pore pressure that control the types of landslide motion. Under rainfall infiltration conditions, the motion of landslide can be categorized into stationary and rapid sliding, and that into stationary, rapid sliding and intermittent slipping caused by bedrock exfiltration conditions. In addition, this study extended infinite slope theory that soil layers can slide a certain distance on a slope to a horizontal plane, further using this model to clarify the relationships between the displacement of block, rainfall infiltration and bedrock exfiltration. Results show that when the block occurs rapid sliding, horizontal sliding distance could be a linear relationship with respect to the intensities of rainfall infiltration and bedrock exfiltration. Also, when the block occurs intermittent slipping, the displacement of intermittent slipping will be a linear relationship with respect to the amount and intensity of bedrock exfiltration. The model develop in this study can provide useful information and thereby refined the prediction, prevention and mitigation of geological disasters.
Books on the topic "Bedrock landslide"
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Hackett, William R. Land-surface subsidence and open bedrock fractures in the Tully Valley, Onondaga County, New York. Reston, Va.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Bedrock landslide"
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Huntley, David, Peter Bobrowsky, Roger MacLeod, Drew Rotheram-Clarke, Robert Cocking, Jamel Joseph, Jessica Holmes, et al. "IPL Project 202: Landslide Monitoring Best Practices for Climate-Resilient Railway Transportation Corridors in Southwestern British Columbia, Canada." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 1, 2022, 249–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16898-7_18.
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AbstractThe paper outlines landslide mapping and change-detection monitoring protocols based on the successes of ICL-IPL Project 202 in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. In this region, ice sheets, glaciers, permafrost, rivers and oceans, high relief, and biogeoclimatic characteristics contribute to produce distinctive landslide assemblages. Bedrock and drift-covered slopes along the transportation corridors are prone to mass-wasting when favourable conditions exist. In high-relief mountainous areas, rapidly moving landslides include rock and debris avalanches, rock and debris falls, debris flows and torrents, and lahars. In areas with moderate to low relief, rapid to slow mass movements include rockslides and slumps, debris or earth slides and slumps, and earth flows. Slow-moving landslides include rock glaciers, rock and soil creep, solifluction, and lateral spreads in bedrock and surficial deposits. Research in the Thompson River Valley aims to gain a better understanding of how geological conditions, extreme weather events and climate change influence landslide activity along the national railway corridor. Remote sensing datasets, consolidated in a geographic information system, capture the spatial relationships between landslide distribution and specific terrain features, at-risk infrastructure, and the environmental conditions expected to correlate with landslide incidence and magnitude. Reliable real-time monitoring solutions for critical railway infrastructure (e.g., ballast, tracks, retaining walls, tunnels and bridges) able to withstand the harsh environmental conditions of Canada are highlighted. The provision of fundamental geoscience and baseline geospatial monitoring allows stakeholders to develop robust risk tolerance, remediation, and mitigation strategies to maintain the resilience and accessibility of critical transportation infrastructure, while also protecting the natural environment, community stakeholders, and the Canadian economy. We conclude by proposing a best-practice solution involving three levels of investigation to describe the form and function of the wide range of rapid and slow-moving landslides occurring across Canada, which is also applicable elsewhere.
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Walter, Marco, and Manfred Joswig. "Resolving Landslide-Bedrock Interaction by Nanoseismic Monitoring." In Landslide Science and Practice, 401–6. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31445-2_52.
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Dissanayaka, D. M. D. S., A. R. P. Weerasinghe, S. H. S. Jayakody, Shino Asano, and K. N. Bandara. "Assessment of the Structural Geological, Hydrogeological, and Geomorphological Relationships of the Athwelthota Landslide, Sri Lanka." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 3 Issue 1, 2024, 307–15. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55120-8_21.
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AbstractLandslides pose a significant threat to Sri Lanka, causing loss of life and property damages. The Athwelthota landslide in Kalutara District, occurred on May 26, 2017, resulting in casualties and severe property destruction. This study focuses on understanding the relationship between structural geology, hydrogeology, and geomorphology in the Athwelthota landslide area to comprehend the causes of landslides. We conducted field surveys, geotechnical investigations, and seismic surveys to gather data on geological features, soil properties, and rainfall patterns. The findings reveal that slope instability is influenced by the shear strength of soil overburden, jointed bedrock, deformation, and highly weathered garnet biotite gneiss. Groundwater flow through geological discontinuities and intense rainfall during the Southwest Monsoon contribute to increased pore water pressure and reduced shear strength, triggering landslides.The study emphasizes the importance of assessing these factors for hazard assessment, early warning systems, and sustainable development in landslide-prone regions. By understanding the geological and hydrological characteristics of the area, it is possible to identify vulnerable areas and implement appropriate mitigation measures. This research is part of a larger project aimed at developing an early warning technology for rain-induced rapid and long-traveling landslides. The insights gained from this study can help land-use planning, infrastructure development, and disaster management strategies in landslide-prone areas, ultimately contributing to the protection of lives, reduction of property damage, and the sustainable development of the region.
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Askarinejad, Amin, and Sarah M. Springman. "Water Exfiltration from Bedrock: A Drastic Landslide Triggering Mechanism." In Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk, 85–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60713-5_10.
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Su, Sheng-Rui, Chi Ma, and Min Guo. "Study on Features and Genetic Mechanism of Debris-Bedrock Interface Landslide." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Geoenvironment and Geohazard, 240–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0128-5_28.
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Hsieh, Yu-Chung, Chih-Yu Kuo, Yi-Zhong Chen, Chin-Shyong Hou, Ruo-Ying Wu, and Rou-Fei Chen. "Using Airborne LiDAR DEM to Determine the Bedrock Incision Rate: An Indirect Dating from Landslide Sliding Surface, Taiwan." In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 2, 429–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09057-3_69.
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Zhang, Li-Ming, Qing Lü, Jun-Yu Wu, Chang-Gui Xiao, Zheng-Hua Liu, and Xing-Hua Xu. "A Practical Method to Predict the Occurrence Time of Storm-Induced Shallow Landslide Considering the Underlying Impermeable Bedrock." In Environmental Science and Engineering, 683–98. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9061-0_49.
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Micallef, Aaron, Joshu J. Mountjoy, Miquel Canals, and Galderic Lastras. "Deep-Seated Bedrock Landslides and Submarine Canyon Evolution in an Active Tectonic Margin: Cook Strait, New Zealand." In Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences, 201–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2162-3_18.
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Brideau, Marc-André, and Nicholas J. Roberts. "Landslides in bedrock." In Landslide Hazards, Risks, and Disasters, 43–97. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818464-6.00002-0.
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Brideau, Marc-André, and Nicholas J. Roberts. "Mass Movement in Bedrock." In Landslide Hazards, Risks and Disasters, 43–90. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-396452-6.00003-3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Bedrock landslide"
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Van Hove, Joel, Pete Barlow, Max Duguay, and Hamid Karimian. "Vulnerability of Pipelines Installed by Horizontal Directional Drilling to Landslides and a Proposed Framework for Developing Preliminary No Drill Zones for Landslide Avoidance." In 2022 14th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2022-87032.
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Abstract Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) is a method of trenchless pipeline installation which has been widely used in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) during the past 40 years to cross challenging terrain, including watercourses and slopes. In the case study presented, 7,952 pipeline slope crossings are considered, of which an estimated 14% are partially or fully crossed by HDD. Often the primary objective of the HDD installation at the time of construction was to cross a watercourse and adequate consideration was not always given to the possible presence of landslide terrain adjacent to the watercourse. Minimizing HDD cost often requires shallower and shorter installations, which combined with the practice of not always identifying existing landslide features resulted in an estimated 16% of HDD landslide crossings spatially intersecting landslides. Due to the increased stiffness and overburden stress of soil or bedrock with depth as well as other factors, pipeline vulnerability and hence probability of failure is significantly increased relative to shallower conventionally trenched pipelines. Within the case study inventory, the combination of historical HDD installations that did not effectively avoid landslides and the increased vulnerability of pipelines impacted by landslides at depth accounted for approximately 35% of landslide related pipeline failures within a recent 10-year period, a failure rate approximately 15 times that of conventionally trenched pipelines when adjusted for frequency of landslide intersection. Many pipeline operators have recognized the disproportionate risk landslides pose to ineffective HDD installations and are prioritizing assessment and management accordingly. This paper proposes a screening framework to provide guidelines for evaluating the effectiveness of HDD installations avoiding landslides for both existing and planned installations.
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Underwood, Abigail, Adam Booth, Alison R. Duvall, and Erin A. Wirth. "SURFACE ROUGHNESS ANALYSIS OF 6 BEDROCK LANDSLIDES IN WASHINGTON’S CASCADE RANGE: A MODEL FOR DETERMINING REGIONAL LANDSLIDE CHRONOLOGY AND LANDSLIDE DRIVING MECHANISMS IN WESTERN WHATCOM COUNTY, WA." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-371362.
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Theriault, Bailey, Dennis O’Leary, Donald West, and Mark Nixon. "Terrain Analysis and Geologic Hazards Assessment: A Comparison of the Objectives and Methods of Each, and the Benefits of Completing Both in Parallel." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78129.
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Terrain analyses and geologic hazards assessments are recognized as important components for pipeline planning, permitting, and asset management. Although the two types of assessments have inherently different objectives and outputs, there is some overlap in the results between the two and they tend to complement each other; thus, there are benefits to conducting the two assessments in parallel, and integrating the results. Likewise, situations may arise where information from both assessments may simultaneously prove useful in driving decision-making. Terrain analyses seek to identify homogenous terrain units based on material types, surface expression, depth to bedrock, slope, drainage, and geomorphological processes. Information compiled during a terrain analysis helps to develop a detailed understanding of the local terrain, which can be used to estimate geotechnical soil properties, provide cost savings, and formulate sound decision-making throughout the life of a pipeline. Geologic hazards assessments generally seek to individually identify, map, characterize, and ultimately allow for mitigation/monitoring of potential geologic hazards, through increasingly detailed geomorphic/geologic assessments. Some typical geologic hazards that are evaluated include landslide, seismic, subsidence, and hydrotechnical hazards. Once identified, a qualitative hazard classification (e.g., low, moderate, high) is generally assigned to each possible hazard, based on several criteria such as the activity level of the geologic process, rate and magnitude of movement of the hazard, the areal extent and proximity of the hazard, the estimated likelihood that the hazard would affect or engage a pipeline during its service life. The hazard classifications are often then tied to recommendations for additional assessment and/or response and mitigation. The identification of a landslide will be used as an example to highlight how the two assessments can overlap and complement one another, but still provide unique information, and how the two assessments can be used in conjunction to inform better decision-making. Both assessments may identify the location of the same landslide or potentially unstable slope. The geologic hazards assessment would further characterize the landslide’s spatial relationship to the pipe both laterally and vertically, its activity level, etc., in order to evaluate the potential hazard the landslide poses to the pipeline. If mitigation was deemed necessary, information from both the terrain mapping and geologic hazards assessment could be used to evaluate the specific characteristics of the landslide, as well as the surrounding terrain, in order to select the most suitable form of mitigation.
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Malick, Geoffrey, and Douglas H. Clark. "GEOLOGIC DEVELOPMENT AND ONGOING ACTIVITY OF A LATE-HOLOCENE HIGH-MOBILITY BEDROCK LANDSLIDE COMPLEX, NORTHWESTERN WASHINGTON." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-278543.
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Mitchell, Todd, Chris Hitchcock, and Dima Amine. "Surface, Sub-Surface Mapping, Geohazard Identification and Associated Risk Mitigation for Pipelines." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31338.
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Capture and analysis of remote sensing data of surface and sub-surface conditions can provide significant logistical information for improved efficiencies and cost savings in pipeline construction, upgrade, and maintenance programs. Cutting-edge LiDAR topographical mapping as well as subsurface electromagnetic and magnetic sensing datasets are practical tools for evaluation of surface and subsurface geologic-related hazards (‘geohazards’), landslide and fault avoidance, alternate routing options, salinity/corrosion detection, determining construction feasibility and constraints including bedrock and overburden detection, and encroachment discovery. Resulting datasets can be placed into a GIS database as well as a three-dimensional visualization environment for complete design planning, asset management and future health modeling.
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LaHusen, Sean, Nikita Avdievitch, and Jeffrey Coe. "THE INFLUENCE OF GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE ON BEDROCK LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY IN THE FJORDS OF PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND, ALASKA." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-379546.
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Li, Peng, Shengrui Su, Chi Ma, and Yang Dong. "The characteristics of landslide with accumulation layer-bedrock contact surface -taking Langao county in China as an example." In 2017 6th International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (ICEESD 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceesd-17.2017.98.
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Jurgevich, Jeremy, Jackie Langille, and Megan Palmer. "LANDSLIDE HAZARDS WITHIN THE SPRUCE PINE 7.5-MINUTE QUADRANGLE, NC: AN EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL CONTROLS ON BEDROCK DETERIORATION." In Joint 56th Annual North-Central/ 71st Annual Southeastern Section Meeting - 2022. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022nc-374514.
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Robertson, Jesse, and Karl Karlstrom. "THE SURPRISE VALLEY LANDSLIDE COMPLEX: 3 MILLION YEARS OF ROTATIONAL BEDROCK LANDSLIDING AND RIVER DIVERSIONS IN THE CENTRAL GRAND CANYON." In Joint 70th Annual Rocky Mountain GSA Section / 114th Annual Cordilleran GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018rm-313632.
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Ferry, Nick, Daniel M. Sturmer, Dylan J. Ward, Wanda J. Taylor, and Carlton E. Brett. "ROLE OF A RIGID BEDROCK SUBSTRATE ON EMPLACEMENT OF THE BLUE DIAMOND LANDSLIDE, BASIN AND RANGE PROVINCE, EASTERN SPRING MOUNTAINS, SOUTHERN NEVADA." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-348675.
Full textReports on the topic "Bedrock landslide"
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Huntley, D., D. Rotheram-Clarke, R. Cocking, J. Joseph, and P. Bobrowsky. Current research on slow-moving landslides in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (IMOU 5170 annual report). Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331175.
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Interdepartmental Memorandum of Understanding (IMOU) 5170 between Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN), the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) and Transport Canada Innovation Centre (TC-IC) aims to gain new insight into slow-moving landslides, and the influence of climate change, through testing conventional and emerging monitoring technologies. IMOU 5107 focuses on strategically important sections of the national railway network in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (BC), and the Assiniboine River valley along the borders of Manitoba (MN) and Saskatchewan (SK). Results of this research are applicable elsewhere in Canada (e.g., the urban-rural-industrial landscapes of the Okanagan Valley, BC), and around the world where slow-moving landslides and climate change are adversely affecting critical socio-economic infrastructure. Open File 8931 outlines landslide mapping and changedetection monitoring protocols based on the successes of IMOU 5170 and ICL-IPL Project 202 in BC. In this region, ice sheets, glaciers, permafrost, rivers and oceans, high relief, and biogeoclimatic characteristics contribute to produce distinctive rapid and slow-moving landslide assemblages that have the potential to impact railway infrastructure and operations. Bedrock and drift-covered slopes along the transportation corridors are prone to mass wasting when favourable conditions exist. In high-relief mountainous areas, rapidly moving landslides include rock and debris avalanches, rock and debris falls, debris flows and torrents, and lahars. In areas with moderate to low relief, rapid to slow mass movements include rockslides and slumps, debris or earth slides and slumps, and earth flows. Slow-moving landslides include rock glaciers, rock and soil creep, solifluction, and lateral spreads in bedrock and surficial deposits. Research efforts lead to a better understanding of how geological conditions, extreme weather events and climate change influence landslide activity along the national railway corridor. Combining field-based landslide investigation with multi-year geospatial and in-situ time-series monitoring leads to a more resilient railway national transportation network able to meet Canada's future socioeconomic needs, while ensuring protection of the environment and resource-based communities from landslides related to extreme weather events and climate change. InSAR only measures displacement in the east-west orientation, whereas UAV and RTK-GNSS change-detection surveys capture full displacement vectors. RTK-GNSS do not provide spatial coverage, whereas InSAR and UAV surveys do. In addition, InSAR and UAV photogrammetry cannot map underwater, whereas boat-mounted bathymetric surveys reveal information on channel morphology and riverbed composition. Remote sensing datasets, consolidated in a geographic information system, capture the spatial relationships between landslide distribution and specific terrain features, at-risk infrastructure, and the environmental conditions expected to correlate with landslide incidence and magnitude. Reliable real-time monitoring solutions for critical railway infrastructure (e.g., ballast, tracks, retaining walls, tunnels, and bridges) able to withstand the harsh environmental conditions of Canada are highlighted. The provision of fundamental geoscience and baseline geospatial monitoring allows stakeholders to develop robust risk tolerance, remediation, and mitigation strategies to maintain the resilience and accessibility of critical transportation infrastructure, while also protecting the natural environment, community stakeholders, and Canadian economy. We propose a best-practice solution involving three levels of investigation to describe the form and function of the wide range of rapid and slow-moving landslides occurring across Canada that is also applicable elsewhere. Research activities for 2022 to 2025 are presented by way of conclusion.
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Blais-Stevens, A., A. Castagner, A. Grenier, and K D Brewer. Preliminary results from a subbottom profiling survey of Seton Lake, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332277.
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Seton Lake is a freshwater fiord located in southwestern British Columbia, roughly 4 km west of Lillooet and 250 km north-northeast of Vancouver. Located in the Coast Mountains, it is an alpine lake about 22-km long and roughly 1-1.5 km wide. It is separated from nearby Anderson Lake, located to the west, by a large pre-historic rock avalanche deposit at Seton Portage. The lake stands at about 243 m above sea level and is up to about 150 m deep (BC gov., 1953). Water level is controlled by a hydroelectric dam (i.e., Seton dam) located at the eastern end of the lake. Here, the lake drains east into Seton Canal, a 5 km diversion of the flow of the Seton River, which begins at the Seton dam. The Seton Canal pushes water to the Seton Powerhouse, a hydroelectric generating station at the Fraser River, just south of the community of Sekw'el'was and confluence of the Seton River, which drains into the Fraser River at Lillooet. Seton Portage, Shalatlh, South Shalatlh, Tsal'alh (Shalath), Sekw'el'was (Cayoosh Creek), and T'it'q'et (Lillooet) are communities that surround the lake. Surrounded by mountainous terrain, the lake is flanked at mid-slope by glacial and colluvial sediments deposited during the last glacial and deglacial periods (Clague, 1989; Jakob, 2018). The bedrock consists mainly of mafic to ultramafic volcanic rocks with minor carbonate and argillite from the Carboniferous to Middle Jurassic periods (Journeay and Monger, 1994). As part of the Public Safety Geoscience Program at the Geological Survey of Canada (Natural Resources Canada), our goal is to provide baseline geoscience information to nearby communities, stakeholders and decision-makers. Our objective was to see what kind of sediments were deposited and specifically if we could identify underwater landslide deposits. Thus, we surveyed the lake using a Pinger SBP sub bottom profiler made by Knudsen Engineering Ltd., with dual 3.5 / 200 kHz transducers mounted to a small boat (see photo). This instrument transmits sound energy down through the water column that reflects off the lake bottom surface and underlying sediment layers. At the lake surface, the reflected sound energy is received by the profiler, recorded on a laptop computer, and integrated with GPS data. These data are processed to generate a two-dimensional image (or profile) showing the character of the lake bottom and underlying sediments along the route that the boat passed over. Our survey in 2022 recorded 98 profiles along Seton Lake. The red transect lines show the locations of the 20 profiles displayed on the poster. The types of sediments observed are mostly fine-grained glaciolacustrine sediments that are horizontally bedded with a subtle transition between glaciolacustrine to lacustrine (e.g., profiles A-A'; C-C'; F-F'; S-S'). Profile S-S' displays this transition zone. The glaciolacustrine sediments probably were deposited as the Cordilleran Ice Sheet retreated from the local area (~13,000-11,000 years ago; Clague, 2017) and the lacustrine sediments, after the ice receded to present-day conditions. Some of the parallel reflections are interrupted, suggesting abrupt sedimentation by deposits that are not horizontally bedded; these are interpreted as landslide deposits (see pink or blue deposits on profiles). The deposits that show disturbance in the sedimentation found within the horizontal beds are thought to be older landslides (e.g., blue arrows/deposits in profiles C-C'; E-E'; F-F'; G-G'; I-I'; J-J'; K-K'; N-N'; P-P'; Q-Q'; R-R'; T-T'; U-U'), but the ones that are found on top of the horizontally laminated sediments (red arrows/pink deposits), and close to the lake wall, are interpreted to be younger (e.g., profiles B-B'; C-C'; H-H'; K-K'; M-M'; O-O'; P-P'; Q-Q'). At the fan delta just west of Seton dam, where there was no acoustic signal penetration, it is interpreted that the delta failed and brought down coarser deposits at the bottom of the lake (e.g., profiles H-H'; M-M'; and perhaps K-K'). However, these could be glacial deposits, bedrock, or other coarser deposits. Some of the deposits that reflect poor penetration of the acoustic signal, below the glaciolacustrine sediments, could represent glacial deposits, old landslide deposits, or perhaps the presence of gas (orange arrows; e.g, B-B'; D-D'; J-J'; O-O', T-T'). The preliminary results from sub bottom profiling reveal that there are underwater landslides deposits of widely varying ages buried in the bottom of the lake. However, the exact timing of these is not known. Hence our preliminary survey gives an overview of the distribution of landslides where there seems to be a larger number of landslides recorded in the narrower eastern portion of the lake.
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Smith, I. R. Surficial geology, La Biche River northwest, Yukon-Northwest Territories, NTS 95-C/11, 12, 13, and 14. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330591.
Full textAbstract:
This map is situated in the Hyland Plateau, west of the Mackenzie Mountains, southeast Yukon. The area was inundated by the Cordilleran Ice Sheet during the Late Wisconsinan glaciation. Ice advanced east to northeast across the rolling bedrock terrain, producing dense networks of sometimes cross-cutting bedrock flutings and drumlinoid ridges. During deglaciation, ice flow became increasingly topographically constrained, shifting to more northward flow along major valleys. Meltwater flowing north initially crossed the divide into the Nahanni River basin. Later, as ice retreated south and eastwards, ice-contact deltas and kame terraces formed along the retreating margins. The area is largely covered by till veneer, with bedrock exposed along most ridge crests and glacially-incised valley walls. Shale units within the Besa River and Mattson formations appear prone to failure, and large rotational landslides are common.
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Smith, I. R., L. S. Lane, and K. M. Fallas. Landslides and bedrock geology associations, Chinkeh Creek, Northwest Territories - Yukon Territory. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/220384.
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Smith, I. R., K. M. Fallas, and C. A. Evenchick. Landslides and bedrock geology associations, Mount Merrill, Yukon Territory - British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/213605.
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Smith, I. R., K. M. Fallas, and L. S. Lane. Landslides and bedrock geology associations, Babiche Mountain, Yukon Territory - Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/214407.
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Smith, I. R., and K. M. Fallas. Landslides and bedrock geology associations, Mount Martin, Yukon Territory - Northwest Territories - British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/213606.
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Lanik, Amanda, Jason Rogers, and Ronald Karpilo. Lake Clark National Park and Preserve: Geologic resources inventory report. National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2288490.
Full textAbstract:
Geologic Resources Inventory reports provide information and resources to help park managers make decisions for visitor safety, planning and protection of infrastructure, and preservation of natural and cultural resources. Information in GRI reports may also be useful for interpretation. This report synthesizes discussions from a scoping meeting held in 2005 and a follow-up conference call in 2018. Chapters of this report discuss the geologic setting and significance, geologic features and processes, and geologic resource management issues within Lake Clark National Park and Preserve. Information about the previously completed GRI map data is also provided. GRI map posters (separate product) illustrate these data. Geologic features, processes, and resource management issues identified include volcanoes and volcanic hazards, bedrock, faults and folds, landslides and rockfall, earthquakes, tsunamis, mineral development and abandoned mineral lands, paleontological resources, glaciers and glacier monitoring, lakes, permafrost, and coastal features.
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Anderson, Zachary W., Greg N. McDonald, Elizabeth A. Balgord, and W. Adolph Yonkee. Interim Geologic Map of the Browns Hole Quadrangle, Weber and Cache Counties, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-760.
Full textAbstract:
The Browns Hole quadrangle is in Weber and Cache Counties of northern Utah and covers the eastern part of Ogden Valley, a rapidly developing area of the Wasatch Range. The Middle and South Forks of the Ogden River bisect the quadrangle and are important watersheds and recreational areas to the communities of Ogden Valley and the Wasatch Front. The towns of Huntsville and Eden are just west of the quadrangle, unincorporated communities with year-round residents are present throughout the quadrangle, and numerous summer-cabin communities are present in the eastern part of the quadrangle. A portion of Powder Mountain ski resort, which draws year-round visitation and recreation, is present in the northwest corner of the quadrangle. The quadrangle contains the Willard thrust, a major thrust fault with approximately 30 mi (50 km) of eastward displacement that was active during the Cretaceous-Eocene Sevier orogeny (Yonkee and others, 2019). In the quadrangle, the Willard thrust places Neoproterozoic through Ordovician strata in the hanging wall over a fault-bounded lozenge of Cambrian strata and footwall Jurassic and Triassic strata (see cross section on Plate 2). Neoproterozoic strata comprise a succession of mostly clastic rocks deposited during rifting of western North America and breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia (Yonkee and others, 2014). These rocks include the Cryogenian-age Perry Canyon and Maple Canyon Formations, and the Ediacaran-age Kelley Canyon Formation, Papoose Creek Formation, Caddy Canyon Quartzite, Inkom Formation, Mutual Formation, and Browns Hole Formation. The Browns Hole Formation is a sequence of interbedded volcaniclastic rock and basalt lava flows that provides the only radiometric age control in the quadrangle. Provow and others (2021) reported a ~610 Ma detrital apatite U-Pb age from volcaniclastic sandstone at the base of the formation, Crittenden and Wallace (1973) reported a 580 ± 14 Ma K-Ar hornblende age for a volcanic clast, and Verdel (2009) reported a 609 ± 25 Ma U-Pb apatite age for a basalt flow near the top of the formation. Cambrian strata in the hanging wall include a thick basal clastic sequence (Geertsen Canyon Quartzite) overlain by a thick sequence of interbedded limestone, shale, and dolomite (Langston, Ute, and Blacksmith Formations). Hanging wall rocks are deformed by Willard thrust-related structures, including the Browns Hole anticline, Maple Canyon thrust, and numerous smaller folds and minor faults. Footwall rocks of the Willard thrust include highly deformed Cambrian strata within a fault-bounded lozenge exposed in the southern part of the quadrangle, and Jurassic and Triassic rocks exposed just south of the quadrangle. The Paleocene-Eocene Wasatch Formation unconformably overlies older rocks and was deposited over considerable paleotopography developed during late stages of the Sevier orogeny. The southwest part of the quadrangle is cut by a southwest-dipping normal fault system that bounds the east side of Ogden Valley. This fault is interpreted to have experienced an early phase of slip during local late Eocene to Oligocene collapse of the Sevier belt and deposition of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks (Norwood Tuff) exposed west of the quadrangle (Sorensen and Crittenden, 1979), and a younger phase of slip during Neogene Basin and Range extension (Zoback, 1983). Lacustrine deposits and shorelines of Pleistocene-age Lake Bonneville are present in the southwest corner of the quadrangle near the mouth of the South Fork of the Ogden River and record the highstand of Lake Bonneville (Oviatt, 2015). Pleistocene glacial deposits, present in the northwest corner of the map, are likely related to the Pinedale glaciation, commonly expressed by two moraine building episodes in the Wasatch Range (Quirk and others, 2020). Numerous incised alluvial deposits and geomorphic surfaces are present along major drainages and record pre- and post-Lake Bonneville aggradational and degradational alluvial and colluvial sequences. Mass-movement deposits, including historically active landslides, are present throughout the quadrangle. Crittenden (1972) mapped the Browns Hole quadrangle at 1:24,000 scale, which provided an excellent foundation for the general stratigraphy and structure, but the 1972 map lacked important details of unconsolidated surficial units. As part of 1:62,500 scale mapping of the Ogden 30'x60' quadrangle, Coogan and King (2016) updated stratigraphic nomenclature, revised some contacts, and added more details for surficial units. For this map, we utilized new techniques for data acquisition and analysis to delineate surficial deposits, bedrock contacts, and faults more accurately and precisely. Mapping and field data collection were largely done in 2021–2022 using a combination of GPS-enabled tablets equipped with georectified aerial imagery (U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA] National Agriculture Imagery Program [NAIP], 2009), orthoimagery (Utah Geospatial Resource Center [UGRC] State Geographic Information Database, 2018b, 2018c; 2021a, 2021b), and lidar data (UGRC State Geographic Information Database, 2006; 2011; 2013–2014; 2018a), previously published geologic maps, topographic maps, and applications for digital attitude collection. We also used hand-held GPS units, Brunton compasses, and field notebooks to collect geologic data. Field data were transferred to a Geographic Information System (GIS), where the map was compiled and completed.