Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bechdel test

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Bechdel test'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bechdel test"

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Stigsdotter, Ingrid. "After the A-rating mo(ve)ment: The Bechdel test in Swedish screen culture and beyond." Journal of Scandinavian Cinema 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jsca_00069_1.

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This article traces the Bechdel test in Swedish journalistic discourse, showing how the A-rating campaign – sometimes described as a movement – popularized the concept in Sweden in 2013. In addition, criticism of the Bechdel test and A-rating is linked to criticism of recent Swedish cultural policy on film through the common denominator of contrasting quantification with quality. Finally, the article shows how the Bechdel test has inspired computer-based analytical approaches to gender on-screen that would merit further explorations in feminist film scholarship.
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Freitas, José Nahuel, Milena Rosenzvit, and Stephanie Muller. "Automatización del Test de Bechdel-Wallace." Ética y Cine Journal 6, no. 3 (November 1, 2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31056/2250.5415.v6.n3.16498.

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<span>Una película pasa el Test de Bechdel-Wallace si cumple que 1) hay al menos dos mujeres en ella que 2) en algún momento hablan entre sí 3) acerca de algo que no es un hombre. Se cree que aproximadamente el 40 % de las películas actuales falla en el Test. A pesar del enorme potencial que tiene esta herramienta para hacer visible la desigualdad de género en el cine, no se ha desarrollado, desde su creación en 1985, una versión automática de la misma. Ese fue el propósito de este trabajo. El test desarrollado permitió, a través del análisis de los guiones del sitio imsdb.com, obtener evidencia de que la cantidad de películas que pasan el test es incluso menor a estimaciones previas. Además, este programa permite analizar grandes corpus de guiones en función del género cinematográfico.</span>
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Garcia, David, Ingmar Weber, and Venkata Garimella. "Gender Asymmetries in Reality and Fiction: The Bechdel Test of Social Media." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 8, no. 1 (May 16, 2014): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v8i1.14522.

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The subjective nature of gender inequality motivates the analysis and comparison of data from real and fictional human interaction. We present a computational extension of the Bechdel test: A popular tool to assess if a movie contains a male gender bias, by looking for two female characters who discuss about something besides a man. We provide the tools to quantify Bechdel scores for both genders, and we measure them in movie scripts and large datasets of dialogues between users of MySpace and Twitter. Comparing movies and users of social media, we find that movies and Twitter conversations have a consistent male bias, which does not appear when analyzing MySpace. Furthermore, the narrative of Twitter is closer to the movies that do not pass the Bechdel test than to those that pass it. We link the properties of movies and the users that share trailers of those movies. Our analysis reveals some particularities of movies that pass the Bechdel test: Their trailers are less popular, female users are more likely to share them than male users, and users that share them tend to interact less with male users. Based on our datasets, we define gender independence measurements to analyze the gender biases of a society, as manifested through digital traces of online behavior. Using the profile information of Twitter users, we find larger gender independence for urban users in comparison to rural ones. Additionally, the asymmetry between genders is larger for parents and lower for students. Gender asymmetry varies across US states, increasing with higher average income and latitude. This points to the relation between gender inequality and social, economical, and cultural factors of a society, and how gender roles exist in both fictional narratives and public online dialogues.
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J B, Anna Asheervadham Mary, and Dr Mallika Vijaya. "Relevance of Bechdel Test and Reverse Bechdel Test in Women-Centric Indian Cinema: A Case Study of English Vinglish and Queen." International Journal of Communication and Media Science 7, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/2349641x/ijcms-v7i2p101.

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Selisker, Scott. "The Bechdel Test and the Social Form of Character Networks." New Literary History 46, no. 3 (2015): 505–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nlh.2015.0024.

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ÖZ, Gülden, and Devrim SEÇEN. "Türk Sinemasında Kadının Temsil Sorununa Alternatif Bir Yöntemle Bakmak: Bechdel Test." Erciyes İletişim Dergisi 6, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 467–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.460827.

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Theresa Strouth Gaul. "Female Relationships in Susanna Rowson's Sincerity: The Bechdel Test and American Literature Syllabi." Legacy 34, no. 1 (2017): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5250/legacy.34.1.0141.

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O’Meara, Jennifer. "What “The Bechdel Test” doesn’t tell us: examining women’s verbal and vocal (dis)empowerment in cinema." Feminist Media Studies 16, no. 6 (September 29, 2016): 1120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2016.1234239.

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Lindner, Andrew M., and Ziggy Schulting. "How Movies with a Female Presence Fare with Critics." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 3 (January 1, 2017): 237802311772763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023117727636.

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This study explores one potential mechanism contributing to the persistent underrepresentation of women in film by considering whether movie critics reward or penalize films with an independent female presence. Drawing on a sample of widely distributed movies from 2000 to 2009 (n = 975), we test whether films that pass the Bechdel Test (two or more named women speak to each other about something other than a man) have higher or lower Metacritic scores net of control variables, including arthouse production label, genre, production budget, including a top star, and being a sequel. The results indicate that the mere inclusion or absence of an independent female presence has no effect on a film’s composite critical evaluation. These findings suggest that while critical reviews are not a major factor contributing to women’s exclusion from film, movie critics as a whole do not advocate for films with an independent female presence.
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Woodsmall, ZoraAnn, and Sara Hare. "Gender Through the Lens of Children’s Films." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 9 (September 10, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.99.13026.

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This content analysis study sheds light on the gender inequality in popular children’s animated films. The dataset uses the North American theater grosses to rank the most popular 150 animated children’s films from 1990-2020. We found multiple patterns of gender inequality related to speaking roles, lead characters, physical portrayals, social roles, interpersonal relationships, and even the creators of the films. Male characters had three times as many speaking roles as female characters and had the lead role in 80% of the films. Correspondingly, 80% of the film creators (writers, directors, and producers) were male. Films that passed the Bechdel test had twice as many female writers as those that failed the test. The inequality and gender stereotyping one sees in the real world is reflected in this study of children’s films. Animated films are a popular media outlet for children, and this study highlights the impact that these skewed representations can have on children.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bechdel test"

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Lowing, Roberta. "Me, Myself and I: The Bechdel Test, Female Representation and the Creative Process." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15960.

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During the past three years, I have researched the validity of the Bechdel Test, a test widely used to winkle out stereotypes depicting women in film. The Bechdel Test began its life as a comic strip, but despite its wide acceptance, has never been subjected to rigorous testing. Drawing on my experience of 25 years of professional film reviewing, I examined the history of the Test, questioned its validity, and chose 200 of the most popular, English-language feature films released recently in Australia. I evolved 30 components of what would constitute a stereotypical view of women in film, and applied these components to my 200 chosen films. This paper describes how I went about it, and my results. I then applied my new test to my own creative work, including the novel The River which is the creative component of my candidature. The result is a new expanded Bechdel Test which many may find useful.
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Odot-Andersson, Björn. "Questioning Gender : A Teacher's Guide to Raising Gender Awareness in the Classroom - Exemplified through Stephanie Meyer's Twilight." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-31655.

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In the Swedish school one of the tasks is to work against gender stereotypes and towardsequality between the sexes. The purpose with this essay is to present ways of looking atliterature that teachers can either implement in their classroom or use to better preparethemselves, ways for both teachers and their pupils to gain a critical view towards literaturethat can strengthen the work towards such equality. The tools used in the essays are 1) readingprevious scholars’ analysis of the text, 2) the Bechdel-Wallace-Test, and 3) the Gender Stairs.My example text will be Stephanie Meyer’s Twilight from 2007. The results shows that thebook clearly presents stereotypes of males and females, since the male characters in the bookare strong, protective, and active, while the female characters are beautiful, dependent, andpassive. The novel also defends, preserves, and amplifies patriarchal structures. This analysisplaces Twilight as a minus three in Edwertz and Lundström’s Gender Stairs. The novel is thusa good book for teachers to use if they want their students to see a classical example of howgender myths are presented in literature. Showing a classical example of stereotypes inliterature may in turn help the students detect stereotypes, which is one step towards equalitybetween men and women, which is one of the tasks of the Swedish schools.
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Micic, Zorana. "Female Interactions on Film - Beyond the Bechdel test: A quantitative content analysis of same-sex-interactions of top 20 box office films." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, JMK, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118209.

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The purpose of this study is to research how much women interact with each other on screen and what type of interactions occur. The Bechdel Test criticises the lack of female interactions and the content of those discussions. This thesis asks how much women interact with women in film compared to how much men interact with men. It’s an aspect of female representation in film that has previously not been researched.  The study also takes a closer look at female interactions and asks in what context women are placed when they interact with each other. The study explores the global top 20 box office films and focuses on investigating same-sex interactions in order to see the prevalence of female-to-female interactions (FI) compared to male-to-male interactions (MI). This study applies a quantitative research method on the 20 highest grossing films at the worldwide box office of all time. Findings of the study show that film portrays men interacting with men to a substantially higher extent than women interacting with women. Women are often presented in family situations and rarely are they seen interacting with female work colleagues. The paper proposes a gender equality test, the (im)balance test to understand the relationship between FI and MI, and encourages the test to be applied to films in order to measure their gender balance.
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Robinsson, Sofia. "Stereotypical gender roles alive and well in the Netflix production The Kissing Booth : Using readily available film to unveil and challenge gender norms in the EFL classroom." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-81617.

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This essay is focused on gender issues in the film The Kissing Booth directed by Vince Marcello and how it can be used in a Swedish EFL classroom to problematize the stereotypical portrayals of the main characters. Since film is readily available for people in the Western world, including young students, it is important to teach them to be mindful of how media content can influence people in different ways. Even though the movie challenges some gender norms at first glance, an application of the Bechdel test shows that The Kissing Booth actually strengthens the Western world's traditional representation of gender. Because gender was mostly viewed as a binary correlated to sex before, it is easy to stay within those restrictive ways when creating and depicting characters in film. However, theorists have found that gender is not innate but performative and if it is not depicted as such in mainstream media, it may uphold outdated notions of gender and prevent changes in attitudes needed for a more inclusive society. Modern events, such as the Me Too movement, also indicate that there is a need for more conversations about these issues.
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Pändel, Lisen. "La objetualización de las mujeres y los indígenas en dos novelas latinoamericanas de los años 60 del siglo XX : Un análisis interseccional." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Romanska och klassiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-139776.

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En este trabajo se analizan las representaciónes de dos categorías sociales, las mujeres y los indígenas en dos novelas latinoamericanas cuyas tramas acontecen en la primera mitad del siglo XX en Perú y México, respectivamente: La casa verde (1965) del escritor peruano Mario Vargas Llosa y Oficio de tinieblas (1962) de la escritora mexicana Rosario Castellanos. Nos proponemos analizar cómo diferentes formas de discriminación (referidas a clase social, género sexual y etnicidad) se entrecruzan en las novelas. Para ello vamos a realizar un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de una selección de diálogos de ambas novelas. Para llevar a cabo el análisis cuantitativo vamos a valernos del test de Bechdel. Mediante el cual podremos comprobar si hay una escasa cantidad de diálogos entre mujeres e indígenas en comparación con otros grupos sociales, lo cual nos permitirá visualizar posibles desigualdades en las representaciones de ambos grupos sociales en las novelas. En nuestra parte cualitativa, a través de un análisis crítico del discurso y utilizando una perspectiva interseccional, analizamos los diálogos directos en los que se habla sobre estos dos grupos sociales, las mujeres y los indígenas, para poder estudiar su representación en las novelas y para ver si encontramos elementos que puedan considerarse discriminatorios con respecto a estos grupos sociales. Finalmente, se compara el resultado cuantitativo con el resultado cualitativo para así poder también probar la conveniencia del test de Bechdel para analizar desigualdades en los medios de ficción.
The aim of this paper is to analyse the representation of two social categories, women and natives, in two Latin American novels, whose plot takes place in the first half of the twentieth century in Peru and Mexico, respectively: The green house/La casa verde (1965) by Peruvian author Mario Vargas Llosa and The book of lamentation/Oficio de tinieblas (1962) by Mexican author Rosario Castellanos. In this study, we will analyse how different forms of discrimination (regarding social class, gender and ethnicity) intersect in both novels. We will use a quantitative and qualitative analysis of selected dialogues of both novels. To perform the quantitative analysis, we will make use of the Bechdeltest. Through this test we can study a small amount of dialogues between women and natives compared to other social groups, allowing us to visualize possible inequalities in the representation of both social groups in the novels. In our qualitative part we will study the dialogues in which the interlocutors talk about these two social groups, women and natives, to interpret their representation in the novels and to find out if there are elements that may be considered discriminatory with respect to these social groups, through a critical discourse analysis and an intersectional perspective. Finally, the quantitative result is compared with the qualitative results so that we can test the suitability of Bechdel test to analyse inequalities in the media fiction.
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Nyh, Johan. "From Snow White to Frozen : An evaluation of popular gender representation indicators applied to Disney’s princess films." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36877.

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Simple content analysis methods, such as the Bechdel test and measuring percentage of female talk time or characters, have seen a surge of attention from mainstream media and in social media the last couple of years. Underlying assumptions are generally shared with the gender role socialization model and consequently, an importance is stated, due to a high degree to which impressions from media shape in particular young children’s identification processes. For young girls, the Disney Princesses franchise (with Frozen included) stands out as the number one player commercially as well as in customer awareness. The vertical lineup of Disney princesses spans from the passive and domestic working Snow White in 1937 to independent and super-power wielding princess Elsa in 2013, which makes the line of films an optimal test subject in evaluating above-mentioned simple content analysis methods. As a control, a meta-study has been conducted on previous academic studies on the same range of films. The sampled research, within fields spanning from qualitative content analysis and semiotics to coded content analysis, all come to the same conclusions regarding the general changes over time in representations of female characters. The objective of this thesis is to answer whether or not there is a correlation between these changes and those indicated by the simple content analysis methods, i.e. whether or not the simple popular methods are in general coherence with the more intricate academic methods.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bechdel test"

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van Raalte, Christa. "No Small-Talk in Paradise: Why Elysium Fails the Bechdel Test, and Why We Should Care." In Media, Margins and Popular Culture, 15–27. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137512819_2.

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Bradway, Tyler. "Inchoate Kinship." In The Comics of Alison Bechdel, 148–64. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496825773.003.0011.

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To illuminate Bechdel’s inchoate kinship, this chapter turns to Are You My Mother?. Bechdel refuses to position Are You My Mother? as an Oedipal rival or heteronormative complement to Fun Home. In fact, neither text is compositionally “finished” within the narrative present of Are You My Mother?. Throughout the memoir, Bechdel struggles with articulating a framework for her life writing that does not recapitulate heteronormative logics of similitude based on sexual difference or Oedipal plots of exclusivity, which demand the substitution of the mother by another love object. This chapter contends that Bechdel turns to relational psychoanalysis, and D.W. Winnicott in particular, to develop a queerer narrative for kinship; in this narrative, the mother is not a taboo love object but an object to be used, played with, even affectively assaulted with anger and disappointment. Through this “mutual cathexis,” Bechdel is ultimately able to forge a relation with her mother that is not defined by their absolute similitude or radical difference. But more importantly, Are You My Mother? figures a queerer narrative for the psychoanalytic narration of kinship itself—a narrative in which the child’s and parent’s stories can exist in productive tension, even opposition, without being legitimated by or finally resolved in an external reality.
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Howard, Yetta. "The Experimental Interiors of Alison Bechdel’s Are You My Mother?" In The Comics of Alison Bechdel, 135–47. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496825773.003.0010.

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Before Alison Bechdel became widely read with the publication and subsequent Broadway adaptation of Fun Home (2006), her work reflected non-mainstream-oriented queer experience and the alternative comix legacy exemplified in Dykes to Watch Out For (1983–2008). In this spirit, this chapter takes Bechdel’s Are You My Mother? (2012) as its subject, but does so by thinking alternatively about how the book works as a graphic narrative pertaining to queer erotics and its associated relational contexts. What this essay will conceptualize as the text’s avant-garde aesthetics of interiority refers to qualities of the text that deploy representations of interiority that exceed and complicate the explicitly clinical or strictly psychoanalytic approaches to Are You My Mother?; an aesthetics of interiority, this chapter will show, more readily accommodates the formations and disruptions that accompany the queer “self” in—and as—the text. “Interiority” as defined here thus signifies textual-spatial instances of queer constructions of the “self.” This chapter contends that interiority is infinitely open-ended, resists closure, and ultimately provides a way out that the text uses as its own beginning and/or revision of a conclusion.
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Abate, Michelle Ann. "Mo Van Pelt." In The Comics of Alison Bechdel, 68–86. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496825773.003.0006.

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This chapter explores the numerous and heretofore overlooked physical, personal, and psychological areas of overlap between Mo Testa in Dykes to Watch Out For and Linus van Pelt in Charles Schulz’s Peanuts. Many of Mo’s signature traits and hallmark qualities are ones she shares with Linus: from her insecurity and intellectualism to her philosophical nature and her role as reflective commentator for the group. Indeed, even Mo’s penchant for striped clothing can be seen as taking a sartorial cue from Linus, who is always clad in a t-shirt with strikingly similar horizontal stripes. While Bechdel never identified Schulz as an inspiration for her work nor the Peanuts gang as a model for her DTWOF crew, the suggestive echoes between Mo and Linus seem too numerous to be merely coincidental. Exploring the similarities between Mo and Linus reveals a compelling kinship between Bechdel’s work and one of the most well-known strips in the history of American comics, while it also sheds new light on the relationship that DTWOF has to its socio-cultural milieu.
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Anderst, Leah. "“It Both Is and Isn’t My Life”." In The Comics of Alison Bechdel, 105–18. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496825773.003.0008.

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From the perspective of autobiography studies and theory, the musical adaptation of Alison Bechdel’s important graphic memoir Fun Home is a fascinating case study. What of one’s life and experiences can one represent in words and in images? How much “fiction” might creep in given the imprecise nature of memory? How can one sign one’s name as the sole author of one’s life story when the often myriad people surrounding one contributed important pieces within one’s life—when all life writing is in fact relational? How, then, do these questions shift, in what new light can we see them, when an autobiographical text is adapted into another medium, by new writers, and performed nightly by actors? In particular, how does the musical and theatrical performance, experienced collectively, communicate experiences and feelings to an audience differently than does a book that one consumes alone? By comparing particular scenes and songs from the musical with their “source” scenes in Bechdel’s graphic memoir, this chapter will explore these questions paying close attention especially to scenes and strategies in each text that seem to call out for affective response and emotional connection from the audience and the reader.
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Bourbonnais, Alissa S. "Dancing With Memory In Fun Home." In The Comics of Alison Bechdel, 89–104. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496825773.003.0007.

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To think of choreography as a theorization of identity allows for a conception of movement in which bodies are more than the object of theory; bodies become the active subject, the Merleau-Pontian point of view in the world in which they move. Bechdel choreographs memory structurally through the complex relationship between chapter title panels and the chapter contents. Another way in which Fun Home embodies the act of remembering is through the myriad interactions Bechdel the creator has with Alison the character in the text. Multimodal narrative makes this type of interaction visible to the reader. “Dancing with memory” in Fun Home means traversing narrative lines where much of the meaningful dialogue between past and present becomes visible only through the relationship between text and image. Multimodal narrative allows for creators and audiences alike to witness from the outside in more explicitly the implicit affective responses to the very act of remembering through storytelling. Some of the most potent instances of embodied reading in Fun Home are those in which we see Bechdel the creator in dialogue with Alison the character. Excavating past selves to follow the trajectory of past movement is part of the work of autobiography and artistic expression of memory. The textual and visual choreography operates on multiple temporal levels, and through multiple modes of communication. Reading a graphic memoir is an embodied performative act. Considering the ephemeral nature of performance alongside the ephemeral nature of memory in Fun Home illuminates new ways of understanding both.
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"Ikarus Rising. Zur metatextuellen Odyssee in Alison Bechdels Fun Home." In Bild ist Text ist Bild, 191–212. transcript-Verlag, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/transcript.9783839426364.191.

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Eder, Barbara. "Ikarus Rising. Zur metatextuellen Odyssee in Alison Bechdels Fun Home." In Bild ist Text ist Bild, 191–212. transcript Verlag, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/transcript.9783839426364.191.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bechdel test"

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Ford, Denae. "Recognizing gender differences in stack overflow usage: Applying the Bechdel test." In 2016 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlhcc.2016.7739708.

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Rughiniş, Cosima, Razvan Rughiniş, and Bogdana Humă. "Impromptu Crowd Science and the Mystery of the Bechdel-Wallace Test Movement." In CHI'16: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2851581.2892580.

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Agarwal, Apoorv, Jiehan Zheng, Shruti Kamath, Sriramkumar Balasubramanian, and Shirin Ann Dey. "Key Female Characters in Film Have More to Talk About Besides Men: Automating the Bechdel Test." In Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/v1/n15-1084.

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Ligon, Thomas C., David J. Gross, and John C. Minichiello. "Correlation of Piping System Detonation Test Data and System Analyses." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78526.

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This paper describes hydrogen and nitrous oxide detonation experiments that were performed using an approximately 200-ft long 2-inch schedule 40 piping system. The objective of these experiments was to develop an understanding of the loads and forces imposed by internal detonation on piping combinations representative of a typical industrial piping system. The apparatus contained numerous straight pipe lengths with 90° and 45° bends, 90° elbows, and a tee along with rigid foundation supports that were connected to the pipe using typical u-bolt fasteners. As a detonation wave propagates through a gas-filled piping system, the pipe begins to respond globally once a detonation encounters a change in flow direction, such as a bend, causing a pressure imbalance due to both the internal detonation pressure and change in momentum of the reaction products. The resultant force imparts both axial forces and moments on the pipe exciting both extensional and bending modes. The test data was used to validate two finite element (FE) models developed using the ANSYS finite-element program: a hybrid model that made use of both shell and beam elements, to determine the interaction between shell and beam modes, and an all beam element model. An additional beam element model was developed using the Bechtel National Inc. software ME101 that was also found to be in agreement with the measured and ANSYS calculated frequencies and support loads. In addition to the detonation testing, the finite-element models were validated against experimental modal analysis data of the piping system that identified the primary modal frequencies and vectors. These data were compared to the modes extracted from finite-element models of the piping system.
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Damiani, T. M., J. E. Holliday, M. J. Zechmeister, R. D. Reinheimer, and D. P. Jones. "Thermal Fatigue Testing and Analysis of a Thick Perforated Ring." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26364.

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Thermal fatigue cracking has been observed for thick perforated spacer rings used as part of a thermal fatigue test loop operating at Bechtel Bettis, Inc. The perforated rings are used for instrumentation access to the fluid flow at the test specimen inlet and outlet, and are subject to alternating hot and cold forced flow, low oxygenated water every three minutes so that rapid changes in water temperature impart a thermal shock event to the inner wall of the rings. Thermal and structural three dimensional elastic and elastic-plastic finite element analyses (FEA) were conducted for the ring and the results used to predict fatigue crack initiation using strain-based fatigue-life algorithms. Predicted cycles-to-crack initiation agreed well with the observed cracking when alternating shear strain intensity analogous to the Tresca stress was used. This analysis qualifies the use of FEA for thermal fatigue assessments of complicated three-dimensional components.
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6

Kimball, Kenneth J., Kevin D. Rahner, Joseph P. Nehrbauer, and Eric M. Clementoni. "Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle Development Overview." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94268.

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Bechtel Marine Propulsion Corporation (BMPC) is testing a supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton system at the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory. The 100 kWe Integrated System Test (IST) is a two shaft recuperated closed Brayton cycle with a variable speed turbine driven compressor and a constant speed turbine driven generator using S-CO2 as the working fluid. The IST was designed to demonstrate operational, control and performance characteristics of an S-CO2 Brayton power cycle over a wide range of conditions. The IST design includes a comprehensive instrumentation and control system to facilitate precise control of loop operations and to allow detailed evaluation of component and system performance. A detailed dynamic performance model is being used to predict IST performance, support test procedure development and to evaluate test results. An overview of IST testing progress and plans is provided. Testing in the IST was initiated in 2012. Initial test operations included successful system startup, initial transition to electrical power generation and increased power operations using independent speed control of the turbomachinery. Results of testing completed to date and future testing plans will be summarized.
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7

Knight, Kelly J., Chris Barringer, Jon M. Berkoe, Glenn E. McCreery, Robert J. Pink, and Donald M. McEligot. "Physical and Computational Modeling for Chemical and Biological Weapons Airflow Applications." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39451.

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There is a need for information on dispersion and infiltration of chemical and biological agents in complex building environments. A recent collaborative study conducted at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) and Bechtel Corporation Research and Development had the objective of assessing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for simulation of flow around complicated buildings through a comparison of experimental and numerical results. The test facility used in the experiments was INEEL’s unique large Matched-Index-of-Refraction (MIR) flow system. The CFD code used for modeling was Fluent, a widely available commercial flow simulation package. For the experiment, a building plan was selected to approximately represent an existing facility. It was found that predicted velocity profiles from above the building and in front of the building were in good agreement with the measurements.
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8

Clementoni, Eric M., Timothy L. Cox, and Christopher P. Sprague. "Startup and Operation of a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94275.

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Bechtel Marine Propulsion Corporation (BMPC) is testing a supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton system at the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory. The 100 kWe Integrated System Test (IST) is a two shaft recuperated closed Brayton cycle with a variable speed turbine driven compressor and a constant speed turbine driven generator using S-CO2 as the working fluid. The IST was designed to demonstrate operational, control and performance characteristics of an S-CO2 Brayton power cycle over a wide range of conditions. Initial operation of the IST has proven a reliable method for startup of the Brayton loop and heatup to normal operating temperature (570°F). An overview of the startup process, including initial loop fill and charging, and heatup to normal operating temperature is presented. Additionally, aspects of the IST startup process which are related to the loop size and component design which may be different for larger systems are discussed.
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9

Clementoni, Eric M., and Timothy L. Cox. "Steady-State Power Operation of a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25336.

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Abstract:
Bechtel Marine Propulsion Corporation (BMPC) is testing a supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton system at the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory. The Integrated System Test (IST) is a two shaft recuperated closed Brayton cycle with a variable speed turbine driven compressor and a constant speed turbine driven generator using S-CO2 as the working fluid designed to output 100 kWe. The main focus of the IST is to demonstrate operational, control and performance characteristics of an S-CO2 Brayton power cycle over a wide range of conditions. IST operation has reached the point where the system can be operated with the turbine-compressor thermal-hydraulically balanced so that the net output of the system is equal to the turbine-generator output. In this operating mode, power level is changed by using the compressor recirculation valve which changes the fraction of compressor flow that goes to the turbines. Steady-state operation with the turbine-compressor thermal hydraulically balanced at near zero net system power is presented.
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10

Clementoni, Eric M., Timothy L. Cox, and Martha A. King. "Off-Nominal Component Performance in a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42040.

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Abstract:
Bechtel Marine Propulsion Corporation (BMPC) is testing a supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton system at the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory. The Integrated System Test (IST) is a simple recuperated closed Brayton cycle with a variable-speed turbine-driven compressor and a constant-speed turbine-driven generator using S-CO2 as the working fluid designed to output 100 kWe. The main focus of the IST is to demonstrate operational, control, and performance characteristics of an S-CO2 Brayton power cycle over a wide range of conditions. Therefore, the IST was designed to operate in a configuration and at conditions that support demonstrating the controllability of the closed S-CO2 Brayton cycle. Operating at high system efficiency and meeting a specified efficiency target are not requirements of the IST. However, efficiency is a primary driver for many commercial applications of S-CO2 power cycles. This paper uses operational data to evaluate component off-nominal performance and predict that design system operation would be achievable.
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