Journal articles: 'Beating Mode'

1

Bellan, P. M. "Mode-Beating Model of ac Helicity Injection." Physical Review Letters 54, no. 13 (April 1, 1985): 1381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.54.1381.

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2

Eckhardt, Ralf, and Reinhard Ulrich. "Mode‐beating spectroscopy in a few‐mode optical guide." Applied Physics Letters 63, no. 3 (July 19, 1993): 284–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110079.

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3

Farfan, Camille A., and Daniel B. Turner. "Interference among Multiple Vibronic Modes in Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy." Mathematics 8, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8020157.

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Vibronic coupling between electronic and vibrational states in molecules plays a critical role in most photo-induced phenomena. Many key details about a molecule’s vibronic coupling are hidden in linear spectroscopic measurements, and therefore nonlinear optical spectroscopy methods such as two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2D ES) have become more broadly adopted. A single vibrational mode of a molecule leads to a Franck–Condon progression of peaks in a 2D spectrum. Each peak oscillates as a function of the waiting time, and Fourier transformation can produce a spectral slice known as a ‘beating map’ at the oscillation frequency. The single vibrational mode produces a characteristic peak structure in the beating map. Studies of single modes have limited utility, however, because most molecules have numerous vibrational modes that couple to the electronic transition. Interactions or interference among the modes may lead to complicated peak patterns in each beating map. Here, we use lineshape-function theory to simulate 2D ES arising from a system having multiple vibrational modes. The simulations reveal that the peaks in each beating map are affected by all of the vibrational modes and therefore do not isolate a single mode, which was anticipated.

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Rosales-Garcia, A., T. F. Morse, J. Hernandez-Cordero, and M. S. Unlu. "Single Polarization-Mode-Beating Frequency Fiber Laser." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 21, no. 8 (April 2009): 537–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2009.2014469.

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Hentschel, R. M., D. J. W. Brown, and J. A. Piper. "Mode beating effects in metal vapour lasers." Optics Communications 137, no. 1-3 (April 1997): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(96)00763-8.

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6

Bertram, W. K. "Mode beating in (J×B) current drive." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 31, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/31/4/012.

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7

Pernberg, J., and H. Machemer. "Voltage-dependence of ciliary activity in the ciliate Didinium nasutum." Journal of Experimental Biology 198, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 2537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.198.12.2537.

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In the gymnostome ciliate Didinium nasutum, swimming behaviour depends upon the cyclic activity of about 3000 cilia. The normal beating mode, resulting in forward swimming of the cell, is characterized by a posteriad effective beat (18 left of the longitudinal axis) at a frequency of approximately 15 Hz. Activation of depolarization-sensitive ciliary Ca2+ channels leads to an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and a change in the beating mode. Following rapid reorientation, the effective stroke is anteriad (24 ° right of the longitudinal axis) and the beating frequency is about 26 Hz, resulting in fast backward swimming of the cell. In response to minor depolarizations, and hence small increases in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, the cilia inactivate. Frequency increase and reversal in beat orientation share a single threshold level of membrane potential, since both changes of the beating mode occur simultaneously.

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8

Ma, Weiyuan, Shai D. Silberberg, and Zvi Priel. "Distinct Axonemal Processes Underlie Spontaneous and Stimulated Airway Ciliary Activity." Journal of General Physiology 120, no. 6 (November 11, 2002): 875–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.20028695.

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Cilia are small organelles protruding from the cell surface that beat synchronously, producing biological transport. Despite intense research for over a century, the mechanisms underlying ciliary beating are still not well understood. Even the nature of the cytosolic molecules required for spontaneous and stimulated beating is debatable. In an effort to resolve fundamental questions related to cilia beating, we developed a method that integrates the whole-cell mode of the patch-clamp technique with ciliary beat frequency measurements on a single cell. This method enables to control the composition of the intracellular solution while the cilia remain intact, thus providing a unique tool to simultaneously investigate the biochemical and physiological mechanism of ciliary beating. Thus far, we investigated whether the spontaneous and stimulated states of cilia beating are controlled by the same intracellular molecular mechanisms. It was found that: (a) MgATP was sufficient to support spontaneous beating. (b) Ca2+ alone or Ca2+-calmodulin at concentrations as high as 1 μM could not alter ciliary beating. (c) In the absence of Ca2+, cyclic nucleotides produced a moderate rise in ciliary beating while in the presence of Ca2+ robust enhancement was observed. These results suggest that the axonemal machinery can function in at least two different modes.

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9

Iparraguirre, I. "Transient mode-beating in confocal unstable passive resonators." Optics Communications 91, no. 3-4 (July 1992): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(92)90442-t.

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10

Cheng, Wenyan, Quanbao Cheng, Changshen Du, Yuntong Dai, and Kai Li. "Beating of a Spherical Liquid Crystal Elastomer Balloon under Periodic Illumination." Micromachines 13, no. 5 (May 13, 2022): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13050769.

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Periodic excitation is a relatively simple and common active control mode. Owing to the advantages of direct access to environmental energy and controllability under periodic illumination, it enjoys broad prospects for application in soft robotics and opto-mechanical energy conversion systems. More new oscillating systems need to be excavated to meet the various application requirements. A spherical liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) balloon model driven by periodic illumination is proposed and its periodic beating is studied theoretically. Based on the existing dynamic LCE model and the ideal gas model, the governing equation of motion for the LCE balloon is established. The numerical calculations show that periodic illumination can cause periodic beating of the LCE balloon, and the beating period of the LCE balloon depends on the illumination period. For the maximum steady-state amplitude of the beating, there exists an optimum illumination period and illumination time rate. The optimal illumination period is proved to be equivalent to the natural period of balloon oscillation. The effect of system parameters on beating amplitude are also studied. The amplitude is mainly affected by light intensity, contraction coefficient, amount of gaseous substance, volume of LCE balloon, mass density, external pressure, and damping coefficient, but not the initial velocity. It is expected that the beating LCE balloon will be suitable for the design of light-powered machines including engines, prosthetic blood pumps, aircraft, and swimmers.

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11

Benzhuo, Lou. "Particle Sizing with PCS Mixed of Self-beating Mode and Heterodyne Mode." Particle & Particle Systems Characterization 25, no. 5-6 (December 2008): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200700020.

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12

Poustie, Alistair J., Paul Harper, and Neil Finlayson. "Multiwavelength fiber laser using a spatial mode beating filter." Optics Letters 19, no. 10 (May 15, 1994): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.19.000716.

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13

Nishihara, M., J. B. Freund, N. G. Glumac, and G. S. Elliott. "Influence of mode-beating pulse on laser-induced plasma." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 51, no. 13 (March 9, 2018): 135601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aaad87.

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14

Hutchings, David C., and Barry M. Holmes. "A Waveguide Polarization Toolset Design Based on Mode Beating." IEEE Photonics Journal 3, no. 3 (June 2011): 450–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2011.2146765.

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15

Zhang, Pei-Ji, Qing-Xin Ji, Qi-Tao Cao, Heming Wang, Wenjing Liu, Qihuang Gong, and Yun-Feng Xiao. "Single-mode characteristic of a supermode microcavity Raman laser." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 22 (May 25, 2021): e2101605118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101605118.

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Microlasers in near-degenerate supermodes lay the cornerstone for studies of non-Hermitian physics, novel light sources, and advanced sensors. Recent experiments of the stimulated scattering in supermode microcavities reported beating phenomena, interpreted as dual-mode lasing, which, however, contradicts their single-mode nature due to the clamped pump field. Here, we investigate the supermode Raman laser in a whispering-gallery microcavity and demonstrate experimentally its single-mode lasing behavior with a side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) up to 37 dB, despite the emergence of near-degenerate supermodes by the backscattering between counterpropagating waves. Moreover, the beating signal is recognized as the transient interference during the switching process between the two supermode lasers. Self-injection is exploited to manipulate the lasing supermodes, where the SMSR is further improved by 15 dB and the laser linewidth is below 100 Hz.

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Kincaid, Peter Seigo, Alessandro Porcelli, Ennio Arimondo, Antonio Alvaro Ranha Neves, Andrea Camposeo, Dario Pisignano, and Donatella Ciampini. "Methods of Mode Generation Inside Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fibers." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 5186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0755.

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Microspheres trapped inside Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fibers (HCPCF) could provide a way to monitor the temperature in hydrogen combustors, thereby helping to provide a warning system for flashback and thermoacoustic oscillations that can lead to expensive combustor damage. The temperature of a particle trapped in a HCPCF may be extracted by the analysis of the particles' motion, which can be in turn controlled by opportune manipulation of the spatial intensity profile of the light in HCPCF. To this aim, an intermodal beating intensity pattern may be created inside the HCPCF using a mixture of LP01 and LP11 modes. In this work, methods of generating the optical modes, which involve the use of spatial light shaping techniques, are presented and analysed. This is an important step to producing a controllable intermodal beating pattern.

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17

Lechner, H. A., D. A. Baxter, J. W. Clark, and J. H. Byrne. "Bistability and its regulation by serotonin in the endogenously bursting neuron R15 in Aplysia." Journal of Neurophysiology 75, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 957–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.2.957.

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1. Previous computational studies of models of neuron R15 in Aplysia have indicated that several distinct modes of electrical activity may coexist at a given set of parameters, that this multistability can be modulated by transmitters such as serotonin (5-HT) and that brief perturbations of the membrane potential can induce persistent changes in the mode of electrical activity. To test these predictions, the responses of R15 neurons to injections of brief (1.5 s) current pulses were recorded intracellularly in the absence and presence of 5-HT. 2. In the absence of 5-HT, brief perturbations induced abrupt transitions in the electrical activity from bursting to beating. Such transitions were observed in approximately 20% of the cases. The duration of beating activity varied from several seconds to tens of minutes. In the presence of low concentrations (1 microM) of 5-HT, both the probability of mode transitions and the duration of induced beating activity increased significantly. 3. These results indicate that at least two stable modes of electrical activity can coexist in R15 neurons and that this bistability can be regulated by 5-HT. In general, these conclusions agree with the results from analyses of mathematical models of R15. Although the function of these dynamic properties in R15 is speculative, our results, interpreted on the background of the model, support the notion that nonlinear dynamical properties of individual neurons can endow them with richer forms of information processing than has generally been appreciated.

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18

Blank, T. G. H., K. A. Grishunin, and A. V. Kimel. "Magneto-optical detection of terahertz cavity magnon-polaritons in antiferromagnetic HoFeO₃." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 7 (February 13, 2023): 072402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0124503.

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An intense THz pulse excites a high-Q magnetic resonance mode in the antiferromagnetic insulator HoFeO3 by the THz Zeeman torque. By using magneto-optical detection and sweeping the temperature, we observed an anomalous beating in the magnon dynamics for certain temperatures. The beating originates from the formation of cavity magnon-polaritons upon the intersection of the antiferromagnetic resonance frequency with the frequencies of the Fabry–Pérot modes inside the etalon formed by the sample cavity in the weak coupling limit. The validity of this idea is demonstrated by simulations using Maxwell's equations. Furthermore, the observed beating pattern depends on the polarization of the probe pulse. This dependence can be reproduced in the simulations by considering an imaginary Verdet constant, which could be a result of an interplay between the magneto-optical Faraday effect and static linear birefringence.

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19

Trinel, Jean-Baptiste, Guillaume Le Cocq, Yves Quiquempois, Esben Ravn Andresen, Olivier Vanvincq, and Laurent Bigot. "Theoretical study of gain-induced mode coupling and mode beating in few-mode optical fiber amplifiers." Optics Express 25, no. 3 (January 30, 2017): 2377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.002377.

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20

Kamiya, R., and M. Okamoto. "A mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that lacks the flagellar outer dynein arm but can swim." Journal of Cell Science 74, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.74.1.181.

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A new type of Chlamydomonas mutant, which lacks the outer dynein arm but can swim, was isolated. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that four of the ten high-molecular-weight bands of dynein present in the wild-type axoneme are missing or diminished in the mutant axoneme. The mutant has a swimming rate of about 35 micrometers/s and a flagellar beat frequency of about 25 Hz, both of which are about 1/2.5 to 1/3 of those of the wild type. The mutant flagella beat with an asymmetric, cilia-type pattern, similar to the forward-swimming mode of the flagellar beating pattern of the wild type. However, unlike wild-type flagella, the mutant flagella never beat with a symmetrical waveform: when the cells were stimulated by intense light, the mutant transiently stopped beating its flagella, whereas the wild-type cell transiently swam backwards with the two flagella beating with a symmetrical waveform. Both wild-type and mutant cells could be demembranated by Nonidet P40 and their swimming reactivated by addition of Mg-ATP in the virtual absence of Ca2+. Double reciprocal plots of the beat frequency against ATP concentrations showed a linear relationship for both strains, yielding maximal frequencies of 44 Hz (wild-type) and 23 Hz (mutant). The mutant axonemes can be reactivated only when the Ca2+ concentration is lower than 10(−6) M: at pCa4, the wild-type axonemes beat with a symmetrical waveform, but the mutant axonemes showed no movement. These findings indicate that the outer dynein arm is dispensable for flagellar beating of the asymmetric waveform (forward-swimming mode), but not for beating of the symmetrical waveform (backward-swimming mode), and thus suggest the importance of the outer dynein arm in the switching of flagellar waveforms.

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21

Rahman, B. M. A., R. Abdallah, M. Rajarajan, S. S. A. Obayya, and K. T. V. Grattan. "Rigorous numerical analysis of mode beating in tapered semiconductor amplifiers." Journal of Lightwave Technology 23, no. 6 (June 2005): 2124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2005.849942.

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22

Yoshimura, Kenjiro, Chikako Shingyoji, and Keiichi Takahashi. "Conversion of beating mode inChlamydomonas flagella induced by electric stimulation." Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 36, no. 3 (1997): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0169(1997)36:3<236::aid-cm4>3.0.co;2-5.

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23

Payton, O., A. R. Champneys, M. E. Homer, L. Picco, and M. J. Miles. "Feedback-induced instability in tapping mode atomic force microscopy: theory and experiment." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 467, no. 2130 (December 15, 2010): 1801–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2010.0451.

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We investigate a mathematical model of tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), which includes surface interaction via both van der Waals and meniscus forces. We also take particular care to include a realistic representation of the integral control inherent to the real microscope. Varying driving amplitude, amplitude setpoint and driving frequency independently shows that the model can capture the qualitative features observed in AFM experiments on a flat sample and a calibration grid. In particular, the model predicts the onset of an instability, even on a flat sample, in which a large-amplitude beating-type motion is observed. Experimental results confirm this onset and also confirm the qualitative features of the dynamics suggested by the simulations. The simulations also suggest the mechanism behind the beating effect; that the control loop over-compensates for sufficiently high gains. The mathematical model is also used to offer recommendations on the effective use of AFMs in order to avoid unwanted artefacts.

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Travagnin, Martino, Francesco Sartori, and Marco Ruzzier. "Mode Beating Analysis by Sample Stretching and Wavelength Sweeping in a Few-Mode Fiber." Journal of Lightwave Technology 32, no. 3 (February 2014): 494–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2013.2294475.

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25

Akhtari, Simon, and Peter M. Krummrich. "Impact of Mode Beating Effects in Optical Multi-Mode Amplifiers for Space Division Multiplexing." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 25, no. 24 (December 2013): 2482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2013.2288118.

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26

Sharfin, W. F., J. Schlafer, and E. S. Koteles. "Observation of mode beating and self-frequency locking in a nearly single-mode semiconductor laser." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 30, no. 8 (1994): 1709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.301633.

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27

Stremplewski, Patrycjusz, and Czeslaw Koepke. "Up-converted emission and mode beating in Er^3+- doped fibers." Optics Express 23, no. 22 (October 20, 2015): 28288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.23.028288.

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28

Chua, S. J., and W. H. Loh. "Simulation of inhomogeneous broadening and mode-beating effects in semiconductor lasers." IEE Proceedings J Optoelectronics 135, no. 4 (1988): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-j.1988.0059.

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29

Liu, C., H. Cao, G. A. Smolyakov, P. G. Eliseev, and M. Osiński. "Anomalous splitting in microwave mode-beating spectra of semiconductor ring lasers." Electronics Letters 41, no. 17 (2005): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20052332.

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30

Krishnagopal, S., M. Xie, and K. J. Kim. "Suppression of mode-beating in a saturated hole-coupled FEL oscillator." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 331, no. 1-3 (July 1993): 654–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(93)90130-a.

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31

Fok, Mable P., Yanhua Deng, Konstantin Kravtsov, and Paul R. Prucnal. "Signal beating elimination using single-mode fiber to multimode fiber coupling." Optics Letters 36, no. 23 (November 25, 2011): 4578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.36.004578.

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32

Ohmuro, Junko, and Sumio Ishijima. "Hyperactivation is the mode conversion from constant-curvature beating to constant-frequency beating under a constant rate of microtubule sliding." Molecular Reproduction and Development 73, no. 11 (2006): 1412–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.20521.

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33

Xiong, Fengfu, Yizhong Huang, Lili Le, Bin Xu, Nan Chen, Zhiping Cai, and Zhengqian Luo. "1484-nm two-cascaded Raman fiber laser mode-locked by an intermode-beating mode-locking technique." Optical Engineering 54, no. 4 (April 7, 2015): 046102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.54.4.046102.

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34

Çelebi, Mehmet. "Responses of a 58-Story RC Dual Core Shear Wall and Outrigger Frame Building Inferred from Two Earthquakes." Earthquake Spectra 32, no. 4 (November 2016): 2449–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/011916eqs018m.

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Responses of a dual core shear-wall and outrigger-framed 58-story building recorded during the Mw6.0 Napa earthquake of 24 August 2014 and the Mw3.8 Berkeley earthquake of 20 October 2011 are used to identify its dynamic characteristics and behavior. Fundamental frequencies are 0.28 Hz (NS), 0.25 Hz (EW), and 0.43 Hz (torsional). Rigid body motions due to rocking are not significant. Average drift ratios are small. Outrigger frames do not affect average drift ratios or mode shapes. Local site effects do not affect the response; however, response associated with deeper structure may be substantial. A beating effect is observed from data of both earthquakes but beating periods are not consistent. Low critical damping ratios may have contributed to the beating effect. Torsion is relatively larger above outriggers as indicated by the time-histories of motions at the roof, possibly due to the discontinuity of the stiffer shear walls above level 47.

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LIN, Y. J., C. S. SUH, and S. T. NOAH. "DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SHEET ROLLING INSTABILITY." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 02, no. 03 (September 2002): 375–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455402000609.

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Dynamic rolling instability known as fifth-octave chatter is studied using a nonlinear model developed to describe the responses of work rolls subjected to the exertion of sheet forces of various spectral characteristics. The model enables the dynamic instability of sheet rolling to be correlated with work roll stiffness, rolling speed, inter-stand tension, roll-bite entry and exit thickness, and the sheet force resulted from the interactive action of the work roll with the plastic deformation of the rolled strip. It is found that roll-bit elastic-plastic deformation sheet force is nonlinearly coupled with the rollstack stiffness and also plays a dominant role in affecting rolling instability. In addition, whenever the frequency spectrum of the normal sheet forces containing spectral components that match the fundamental modes of the roll stand, resonance-like beating would occur. This highly linear physical phenomenon, which is accompanied by large vibration amplitudes in the active work rolls, is recognized as chatter. Although many different dynamic modes of instability including mode excitation and beating are induced in response to sheet forces of nonlinear and non-stationary in nature, however, the rolling system never responds chaotically.

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Diaz, R., M. Chambonneau, R. Courchinoux, P. Grua, J. Luce, J. L. Rullier, J. Y. Natoli, and L. Lamaignère. "Influence of longitudinal mode beating on laser-induced damage in fused silica." Optics Letters 39, no. 3 (January 30, 2014): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.39.000674.

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Chen, Hsiang-Yu, Yu-Chieh Chi, Chung-Yu Lin, and Gong-Ru Lin. "Adjacent Channel Beating With Recombined Dual-Mode Colorless FPLD for MMW-PON." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 23, no. 6 (November 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2017.2676042.

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Lin, H., and N. B. Abraham. "Mode formation and beating in the transverse pattern dynamics in a laser." Optics Communications 79, no. 6 (November 1990): 476–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(90)90486-d.

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Al-Mumin, Mohammed. "Dynamics of symmetrical mode beating in complex coupling two-section DFB lasers." Optical and Quantum Electronics 40, no. 5-6 (April 2008): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11082-008-9237-2.

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40

Ahmad, Harith, Amirah A. Latif, Mohd Zamani Zulkifli, Noor Azura Awang, and Sulaiman Wadi Harun. "Temperature Sensing Using Frequency Beating Technique From Single-Longitudinal Mode Fiber Laser." IEEE Sensors Journal 12, no. 7 (July 2012): 2496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2012.2191401.

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Jerzykiewicz, M., and A. Pigulski. "Long-Term Variations in the β CEPHEI Stars 16 (EN) LAC and ν ERI." Highlights of Astronomy 11, no. 1 (1998): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600020992.

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Using all available data, we investigate long-term variations of the amplitudes of the three strongest pulsation modes of 16 (EN) Lac and the period of the strongest mode of ν Eri. We show that in case of 16 (EN) Lac there are feasible explanations of the observed variations. The explanations involve non-linear interaction between pulsation modes (the first two observed modes) and beating between two non-interacting modes (the third observed mode). In case of ν Eri, however, we can only indicate the difficulty of accounting for the long-term period variation.MJ gratefully acknowledges an IAU travel grant. This work was supported by KBN grant 2P03D01611.

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Li, Long, Yan Li, Mingshun Yang, and Tong Tong. "Process Parameters Decision to Optimization of Cold Rolling-Beating Forming Process through Experiment and Modelling." Metals 9, no. 4 (April 2, 2019): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9040405.

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The cold roll-beating forming (CRBF) process is a particular cold plastic bulk forming technology for metals that is adequate for shaping the external teeth of important parts. The process parameters of the CRBF process were studied in this work to improve the process performance. Of the CRBF process characteristics, the forming forces, tooth profile angle, surface roughness, and forming efficiency were selected as the target indices to describe the process performance. Single tooth experimental tests of ASTM 1045 steel were conducted with different roll-beating modes, spindle rotation speeds, and feed speeds. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis, the influence of the process parameters in each index was investigated, and regression models of each index were established. Then, the linear weighted sum method and compound entropy weight method were used to determine the process parameters for multi-objective optimization. The results show that the impact capacity and optimum value range of the process parameters vary in different indices, and that, to achieve the comprehensive optimum effect of a small forming force, high product quality, and high forming efficiency, the optimal process parameter combination is the up-beating mode, a spindle rotation speed of 801 r/min, and a feed speed of 960 mm/min.

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Zou, Yi-Quan, Ling-Na Wu, Qi Liu, Xin-Yu Luo, Shuai-Feng Guo, Jia-Hao Cao, Meng Khoon Tey, and Li You. "Beating the classical precision limit with spin-1 Dicke states of more than 10,000 atoms." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 25 (June 1, 2018): 6381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1715105115.

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Interferometry is a paradigm for most precision measurements. Using N uncorrelated particles, the achievable precision for a two-mode (two-path) interferometer is bounded by the standard quantum limit (SQL), 1/N, due to the discrete (quanta) nature of individual measurements. Despite being a challenging benchmark, the two-mode SQL has been approached in a number of systems, including the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory and today’s best atomic clocks. For multimode interferometry, the SQL becomes 1/[(M−1)N] using M modes. Higher precision can also be achieved using entangled particles such that quantum noises from individual particles cancel out. In this work, we demonstrate an interferometric precision of 2.42−1.29+1.76 dB beyond the three-mode SQL, using balanced spin-1 (three-mode) Dicke states containing thousands of entangled atoms. The input quantum states are deterministically generated by controlled quantum phase transition and exhibit close to ideal quality. Our work shines light on the pursuit of quantum metrology beyond SQL.

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Li, Yi-Tien, Chun-Yuan Chang, Yi-Cheng Hsu, Jong-Ling Fuh, Wen-Jui Kuo, Jhy-Neng Tasso Yeh, and Fa-Hsuan Lin. "Impact of physiological noise in characterizing the functional MRI default-mode network in Alzheimer’s disease." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 41, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 166–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x19897442.

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The functional connectivity of the default-mode network (DMN) monitored by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients has been found weaker than that in healthy participants. Since breathing and heart beating can cause fluctuations in the fMRI signal, these physiological activities may affect the fMRI data differently between AD patients and healthy participants. We collected resting-state fMRI data from AD patients and age-matched healthy participants. With concurrent cardiac and respiratory recordings, we estimated both physiological responses phase-locked and non-phase-locked to heart beating and breathing. We found that the cardiac and respiratory physiological responses in AD patients were 3.00 ± 0.51 s and 3.96 ± 0.52 s later (both p < 0.0001) than those in healthy participants, respectively. After correcting the physiological noise in the resting-state fMRI data by population-specific physiological response functions, the DMN estimated by seed-correlation was more localized to the seed region. The DMN difference between AD patients and healthy controls became insignificant after suppressing physiological noise. Our results indicate the importance of controlling physiological noise in the resting-state fMRI analysis to obtain clinically related characterizations in AD.

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Lee, D. H., Y. Yoon, B. Kim, J. Y. Lee, Y. S. Yoo, and J. W. Hahn. "Optimization of the mode matching in pulsed cavity ringdown spectroscopy by monitoring non-degenerate transverse mode beating." Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics 74, no. 4-5 (April 1, 2002): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400200802.

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Krogh-Madsen, Trine, Peter Schaffer, Anne D. Skriver, Louise Kold Taylor, Brigitte Pelzmann, Bernd Koidl, and Michael R. Guevara. "An ionic model for rhythmic activity in small clusters of embryonic chick ventricular cells." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 289, no. 1 (July 2005): H398—H413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00683.2004.

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We recorded transmembrane potential in whole cell recording mode from small clusters (2–4 cells) of spontaneously beating 7-day embryonic chick ventricular cells after 1–3 days in culture and investigated effects of the blockers D-600, diltiazem, almokalant, and Ba2+. Electrical activity in small clusters is very different from that in reaggregates of several hundred embryonic chick ventricular cells, e.g., TTX-sensitive fast upstrokes in reaggregates vs. TTX-insensitive slow upstrokes in small clusters (maximum upstroke velocity ∼100 V/s vs. ∼10 V/s). On the basis of our voltage- and current-clamp results and data from the literature, we formulated a Hodgkin-Huxley-type ionic model for the electrical activity in these small clusters. The model contains a Ca2+current ( ICa), three K+currents ( IKs, IKr, and IK1), a background current, and a seal-leak current. ICagenerates the slow upstroke, whereas IKs, IKr, and IK1contribute to repolarization. All the currents contribute to spontaneous diastolic depolarization, e.g., removal of the seal-leak current increases the interbeat interval from 392 to 535 ms. The model replicates the spontaneous activity in the clusters as well as the experimental results of application of blockers. Bifurcation analysis and simulations with the model predict that annihilation and single-pulse triggering should occur with partial block of ICa. Embryonic chick ventricular cells have been used as an experimental model to investigate various aspects of spontaneous beating of cardiac cells, e.g., mutual synchronization, regularity of beating, and spontaneous initiation and termination of reentrant rhythms; our model allows investigation of these topics through numerical simulation.

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Breger, Michel. "Amplitude Variability of Delta Scuti Stars: 4 CVn." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 176 (2000): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s025292110005822x.

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AbstractThe amplitude variability of δ Scuti stars is demonstrated by the behavior of the evolved δ Scuti star 4 CVn. The data on 4 CVn covering over 30 yr shows the amplitudes of almost all modes to be extremely variable with a time scales of ten years or longer. The most rapid decrease of amplitude in V is shown by the 7.38 d−1 mode of 4 CVn, which collapsed from 15 mmag in 1974 to 4 mmag in 1976, and 1 mmag in 1977. Between 1974–6 and 1977–8 phase jumps of almost half a cycle occurred. While a simple beating model of two close frequencies can be ruled out from the photometric data, the change is compatible with the growth of a new mode between 1976 and 1977.

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Sun, Ke-Xun, Masaaki Nagatsu, and Takashige Tsukishima. "Injection-Locked Mode-Beating in TEA CO2Laser as a High-Power Modulation Method." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 25, Part 1, No. 12 (December 20, 1986): 1886–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.25.1886.

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Luo, Zhengqian, Runhua Yang, Tuanjie Du, Qiujun Ruan, Weiwei Li, and Nan Chen. "Intermode beating mode-locking technique for a rare-earth-doped fiber pulsed laser." Applied Optics 56, no. 22 (July 24, 2017): 6103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.56.006103.

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Zhang, Jiaji, Duanduan Wu, Huiru Zhang, Ruwei Zhao, Rongping Wang, and Shixun Dai. "Intermode beating mode-locking: Toward compact 2 µm short-pulse all-fiber lasers." Optical Fiber Technology 58 (September 2020): 102253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2020.102253.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Beating Mode'

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