Relevant bibliographies by topics / Beamforming 5G

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Beamforming 5G'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 23 September 2022
Last updated: 27 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Beamforming 5G"

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Bhat, Irfan Nissar, and Er Harish Dogra. "Beamforming for 5G Networks." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-6 (October 31, 2018): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18405.

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Pradhan, Devasis, A. Dash, Hla Myo Tun, Naw Khu Say Wah, and Thandar Oo. "A Sustainable Key Enabler for mm-Wave Beamforming in 5G Environment." Journal of VLSI Design and Signal Processing 8, no. 3 (October 28, 2022): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jovdsp.2022.v08i03.002.

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Fifth Era (5G) Innovation is a new age of versatile organizations. In this paper, assessments in versatile correspondence innovation are introduced. In every development, numerous difficulties were confronted that were caught with the assistance of cutting edge portable organizations. Among every one of the beforehand existing versatile organizations, 5G gives a high velocity web office, whenever, anyplace, for everybody. 5G is marginally unique because of highlights, for example, interconnecting individuals, and controlling gadgets, items, and machines. 5G versatile framework will bring different degrees of execution and capacity, which will act as new client encounters and interface new ventures. The mm-Wave beamforming configuration lessens the expense and power utilization which is lined up with an energy-productive plan vision of 5G. In this paper, we track the advancement in crossover beamforming for enormous MIMO correspondences with regards to framework models of the half breed handsets' designs, the computerized and simple beamforming lattices with the conceivable radio wire arrangement situations and the mixture beamforming in heterogeneous network (HetNET). This article gives a brief description about key enablers to enhance the beamforming in 5G network.
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Matalatala, Michel, Margot Deruyck, Emmeric Tanghe, Luc Martens, and Wout Joseph. "Performance Evaluation of 5G Millimeter-Wave Cellular Access Networks Using a Capacity-Based Network Deployment Tool." Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3406074.

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The next fifth generation (5G) of wireless communication networks comes with a set of new features to satisfy the demand of data-intensive applications: millimeter-wave frequencies, massive antenna arrays, beamforming, dense cells, and so forth. In this paper, we investigate the use of beamforming techniques through various architectures and evaluate the performance of 5G wireless access networks, using a capacity-based network deployment tool. This tool is proposed and applied to a realistic area in Ghent, Belgium, to simulate realistic 5G networks that respond to the instantaneous bit rate required by the active users. The results show that, with beamforming, 5G networks require almost 15% more base stations and 4 times less power to provide more capacity to the users and the same coverage performances, in comparison with the 4G reference network. Moreover, they are 3 times more energy efficient than the 4G network and the hybrid beamforming architecture appears to be a suitable architecture for beamforming to be considered when designing a 5G cellular network.
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García-Fernández, Miguel Á., and David A. Sánchez-Hernández. "Beamforming Evaluation of 5G User Equipment through Novel Key Performance Indicators." Electronics 10, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111319.

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Several standards exist for testing the radiated “over the air” (OTA) performance of 5G User Equipment (UE) devices. All these standards are limited to a Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) evaluation of the 5G device. With 5G networks and devices already deployed and in operation, it becomes necessary to develop realistic Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) and beamforming performance metrics for 5G UEs. Since the most important feature of 5G is beamforming, this paper reviews the main challenges to realistically evaluate 5G device performance and proposes several novel key performance indicators (KPIs). The results obtained by some measurements show that it is possible to derive figures of merit that address the complexity of beamforming and MIMO-based 5G performance of devices in a much better way compared with the existing SISO KPIs, and that academia should provide advanced future research on these more realistic KPIs for the industry to face the challenges ahead with a better analysis of the problem in hand.
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Aidong Yang, Xinlang Yue, Mohan Wu, and Ye Ouyang. "A dynamic Q-learning beamforming method for inter-cell interference mitigation in 5G massive MIMO networks." ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies 2, no. 4 (August 5, 2021): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52953/kxft3962.

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Beamforming is an essential technology in 5G Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MMIMO) communications, which are subject to many impairments due to the nature of wireless transmission channel. The Inter-Cell Interference (ICI) is one of the main obstacles faced by 5G communications due to frequency-reuse technologies. However, finding the optimal beamforming parameter to minimize the ICI requires infeasible prior network or channel information. In this paper, we propose a dynamic Q-learning beamforming method for ICI mitigation in the 5G downlink that does not require prior network or channel knowledge. Compared with a traditional beamforming method and other industrial Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods, the proposed method has lower computational complexity and better convergence efficiency. Performance analysis shows the quality of service improvement in terms of Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio (SINR) and the robustness towards different environments.
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Shim, Seong-Joon, Seulgi Lee, Won-Seok Lee, Jae-Hyun Ro, Jung-In Baik, and Hyoung-Kyu Song. "Advanced Hybrid Beamforming Technique in MU-MIMO Systems." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 28, 2020): 5961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175961.

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This paper proposes a high performance wireless commmunication technology in MU-MIMO systems. The millimeter wave (mmWave) communication technology was considered for the future wireless communication systems such as the fifth-generation new radio (5G NR). In 5G NR, the mmWave communication technology was studied to increase the use of wide bandwidth and the data rate. Therefore, MU-MIMO systems can be used in mmWave. To decrease the complexity of conventional digital beamforming system, the hybrid beamforming system was studied. In particular, the proposed hybrid beamforming system improves the error performance and average sum rate in partially connected structure (PCS) hybrid beamforming system. The proposed PCS hybrid beamforming system forms variously combined beam patterns using the information of azimuth and elevation angles for the multi-paths according to the number of bits. In addition, the azimuth and elevation angles among the formed beam patterns are estimated according to the received signal strength (RSS). In the simulation results, the proposed PCS hybrid beamforming system has better error performance and the average sum rate than the conventional hybrid beamforming system.
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A, Sasi, and Santhiya P. "Dynamic Location Modelling in 3D Beamforming for 5G Mobile Communications." Computer Engineering and Applications Journal 4, no. 1 (February 18, 2015): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18495/comengapp.v4i1.116.

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Mobile communication system is designed to provide reliable communication with more number of services and with low cost among multiple users. Due to limited frequency spectrum and resources, mobile communication requires more development in case of both establishing communication and maintenance in service quality. To fulfill these requirements, 5G mobile communication is being developed to provide high quality reliable communication and quality of service, by using beamforming model. As the trend of next generation mobile communication, 3D directional transmission is considered to give enhanced coverage model and reusability of frequency. Phase arrayed antenna is used in this beamforming model to give orthogonal communication among users. In this paper, a new modeling of beamforming is applied to give a new dimension by considering altitude with potential field strategy. Here phase arrayed antenna is replaced by 3-D smart antenna to improve the performance of 5G mobile communications. Performance evaluation outcomes 3D beamforming leads 2D beamforming in terms of communication delay, and uplink downlink throughput.
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Dmitriyev, Edgar, Eugeniy Rogozhnikov, Natalia Duplishcheva, and Serafim Novichkov. "Calculating Beamforming Vectors for 5G System Applications." Symmetry 13, no. 12 (December 14, 2021): 2423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13122423.

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The growing demand for broadband Internet services is forcing scientists around the world to seek and develop new telecommunication technologies. With the transition from the fourth generation to the fifth generation wireless communication systems, one of these technologies is beamforming. The need for this technology was caused by the use of millimeter waves in data transmission. This frequency range is characterized by heavy path loss. The beamforming technology could compensate for this significant drawback. This paper discusses basic beamforming schemes and proposes a model implemented on the basis of QuaDRiGa. The model implements a MIMO channel using symmetrical antenna arrays. In addition, the methods for calculating the antenna weight coefficients based on the channel matrix are compared. The first well-known method is based on the addition of cluster responses to calculate the coefficients. The proposed one uses the singular value decomposition of the channel matrix into clusters to take into account the most correlated information between all clusters when calculating the antenna coefficients. According to the research results, the proposed method for calculating the antenna coefficients allows an increase in the SNR/SINR level by 8–10 dB on the receiving side in the case of analog beamforming with a known channel matrix.
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M. Tabra, Yasmine, and Bayan Sabbar. "Hybrid MVDR-LMS beamforming for Massive MIMO." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 16, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp715-723.

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<p>With the high speed of communication in LTE-5G, fast beamforming techniques need to be adopted. The training time required to form and steer the main lobes toward 5G multiple users must be short. Least-Mean-Square (LMS) training time is not suitable to work with in LTE-5G, but it has a good performance in forming multiple beams to large number of users and producing nulls in the interference direction. In this paper, an optimized hybrid MVDR-LMS beamforming algorithm is proposed to reduce the time required to estimate the antenna’s weights. This optimization is made by the benefit of previously set weights calculated using MVDR algorithms. The performance of the proposed hybrid MVDR-LMS algorithm tested using MATLAB 2016a.</p>
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Serafino, Giovanni, Claudio Porzi, Fabio Falconi, Sergio Pinna, Marzio Puleri, Antonio D'Errico, Antonella Bogoni, and Paolo Ghelfi. "Photonics-Assisted Beamforming for 5G Communications." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 30, no. 21 (November 1, 2018): 1826–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2018.2874468.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Beamforming 5G"

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Dunuka, Jhansi, and Nikolai Panagiotou. "Beamforming router as relay to increase 5G cell coverage." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21186.

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The growing traffic and global bandwidth shortage for broadband cellular communi-cation networks has motivated to explore the underutilized millimeter wave frequencyspectrum for future communications. Fifth generation (5G) is the key to empow-ering new services and use cases for people, businesses, and society at large. Withunprecedented speed and flexibility, 5G carries more data with greater reliability andresponsiveness than ever before. As 5G new radio (NR) begins to take full advantageof the high-band spectrum, i.e, the millimeter wave frequencies, new challenges arecreated. While millimeter waves offer broader bandwidth and high spatial resolution,the drawback is that the millimeter waves experience higher attenuation due to pathloss and are more prone to absorption, interference and weather conditions, thereforelimiting cell coverage.This thesis is an attempt to increase the 5G cell coverage by implementing ananalogue beamforming router in a cell. Beamforming router acts like a relay, whichextends the range of the 5G cell whenever needed, according to the position of theUser Equipment (UE) based on the information received from the gNodeB (gNB,logical 5G radio node). This thesis is investigating the downlink Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR) gain and thus possible increase in the data rate. Simulation and validation ofthe overall performance is done using MATLAB. The outcome of this study may beused to increase the 5G cell coverage if it is implemented in a real.
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Abbas, Hatem. "Beamforming techniques for millimeter wave relay networks." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/beamforming-techniques-for-millimeter-wave-relay-networks(6cbbe216-9596-4eaf-9ee3-cd7355d5da7f).html.

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The energy and data rate requirements for the next generation cellular networks urge the need for innovative solutions. Inspired by its massive bandwidth, millimeter wave (mmWave) band is thought-out to be one of the key elements to meet the aspirations. However, mmWave links are known to have short coverage distance due to the propagation losses introduced at high frequencies. The proposed solutions to overcome the transmission challenges include using large arrays with improved directivity, adopting smaller cells, and relying on cooperative networks to extend the mmWave link and avoid shadowing areas. This work aims to improve the connectivity of the mmWave link in the outdoor environments. One of the cost effective methods is to increase the array gain by using Analogue Beamforming (ABF). The performance of the ABF system in the presence of phase quantization error has been analytically investigated. The study also includes comparing three different channel sounding techniques, namely: exhaustive search, side-to-side search, and n-tier search. The time overhead related to each method and their energy consumption are calculated. The numerical results assist in determining the optimum search period to obtain a reasonable spectral efficiency using minimal power consumption. The results also help identify the minimum number of quantization bits required to produce about ninety percent of the optimistic results. In order to extend the coverage further, relay networks are considered an essential component in mmWave communications. The performance of a single hybrid beamforming full-duplex relay system and multi-relay networks were investigated. The design algorithms for the processors in the network are proposed based on the greedy pursuit approach. The performance of the proposed algorithms is analysed under various scenarios. The analysis highlights the influence of the array size, the number of RF chains, and the length of the channel sounding period. The performance of the proposed systems is compared from both the spectral efficiency and power consumption prospects. The results also establish that the number of antennas at the source and the relay receiver arrays have a superior impact on the system performance than the sizes of the array at the destination and the relay transmitter.
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Sarcone, Grande Nicol. "Using MDT data for 5G initial access optimisation." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.

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This work arises from the desire to reduce latency during the initial access phase in 5G networks. Millimeter wave (mmWave) bands are a key technology since they provide a great availability of bandwidth, essential to deliver the continuously increasing demand of data without saturating the conventional bands (below 6 GHz). Despite the great advantages this band can offer, at these frequencies the propagation characteristics, mainly in terms of attenuation and penetration losses, are significantly different from those in the conventional bands, thereby highly directional transmissions are crucial. The main goal of this thesis is to identify an intelligent sweeping pattern making use of contextual information extracted from MDT (Minimization of Drive Test) data provided by Telecom Italia, which enable a collection of user equipment (UE) radio measurements combined with GPS coordinates. MDT data represents a fundamental tool to create a historical database containing information regarding the most populated area in terms of data traffic, at different times of the day. Else, these data are employed to develop a dual-slope model accounting for the propagation effects in each cell of Corticella, a fraction of the municipality of Bologna: this allows to plainer define the reference environment over which the initial access optimization algorithm applies. Afterwards, the historical database is used to choose the sequence of beams to be followed by the base station (gNB) and it is constantly updated according to the new collected information.
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Xu, Cheng. "Enhancement and performance analysis for 3D beamforming systems." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16630.

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This thesis is about the researching for 5th generation (5G) communication system, which focus on the improvement of 3D beamforming technology in the antenna array using in the Full Dimension Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (FD-MIMO) system and Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) system. When the 3D beamforming technology has been used in 5G communication system, the beam needs a weighting matrix to direct the beam to cover the UEs, but some compromises should be considered. If the narrow beams are used to transmit signals, then more energy is focused in the desired direction, but this has a restricted coverage area to a single or few User Equipments (UEs). If the BS covers multiple UEs, then multiple beams need to be steered towards more groups of UEs, but there is more interference between these beams from their side lobes when they are transmitted at same time. These challenges are waiting to be solved, which are about interference between each beam when the 3D beamforming technology is used. Therefore, there needs to be one method to decrease the generated interference between each beam through directing the side lobe beams and nulls to minimize interference in the 3D beamforming system. Simultaneously, energy needs to be directed towards the desired direction. If it has been decided that one beam should covera cluster of UEs, then there will be a range of received Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) depending on the location of the UEs relative to the direction of the main beam. If the beam is directed towards a group of UEs then there needs be a clustering method to cluster the UEs. In order to cover multiple UEs, an improved K-means clustering algorithm is used to cluster the multiple UEs into different groups, which is based on the cosine distance. Itcan decrease the number of beams when multiple UEs need be covered by multiple beams at same time. Moreover, a new method has been developed to calculate the weighting matrix for beamforming. It can adjust the values of weighting matrix according to the UEs' location and direct the main beam in a desired direction whilst minimizing its side lobes in other undesired directions. Then the minimum side lobe beamforming system only needs to know the UEs' location and can be used to estimate the Channel State Information (CSI) of UEs. Therefore, the scheme also shows lower complexity when compared to the beamforming methods with pre-coding. In order to test the improved K-means clustering algorithm and the new weighting method that can enhance the performance for 3D beamforming system, the two simulation systems are simulated to show the results such as 3D beamforming LTE system and mm-wave system.
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Mostafavi, Seyed Samie. "Vehicular Positioning Using 5G and Sensor Fusion." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-266117.

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Recent advances in the telecommunications industry and the resulting applicationssuch as autonomous vehicles, vehicle surveillance and traffic safetyhas increased the demand for accurate and robust vehicle positioning systems.Existing Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based positioning techniquesface significant performance loss in the tunnels and urban canyons.Recent researches have shown that radio-based positioning techniques are theoreticallypromising to make an accurate navigation system to fill the GNSSgaps. Fifth generation of mobile communication (5G) will utilize wide bandwidthstogether with beamforming enabled by antenna arrays to provide higherdata rates to mobile users. These features make 5G a favorable candidate forhigh accuracy positioning. On the other hand, sensor fusion is commonly employedto develop more robust and accurate navigation systems for vehicles. Inthis work, the range and angle measurements from 5G base stations are fusedwith the acceleration measurements by the means of the extended Kalman filterto generate position estimates for a moving car. The accuracy of this positioningsystem is studied with centimeter wave (cmWave) and millimeter wave(mmWave) 5G cellular networks which are set up by practical parameters. Towardsthat, the positioning system is tested in a simulation-based experimentwhere a car is moving on a highway and the 5G base stations are deployedalongside of it. Based on that, a detailed analysis of the Kalman filter’s rootmean squared error (RMSE) and the 5G’s different parameters and limitingfactors such as the line of sight (LOS) blockage is carried out. Our numericalresults show that vehicles connected to 5G can benefit from this system to enhancethe robustness and accuracy of their navigation system.
De senaste framstegen inom telekommunikationsindustrin och de resulterandeapplikationerna som autonoma fordon, fordonsövervakning och trafiksäkerhethar ökat efterfrågan på exakta fordonspositioneringssystem. ExisterandeGlobal Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) baserade positioneringsteknikerhar en betydande prestandaförlust i tunnlar och urbana kanjoner. Forskninghar visat att radiobaserade positioneringstekniker har mindre distributionskostnaderoch kan vara mer exakta än satellitbaserade navigationssystem.I den femte generation av mobilkommunikation (5G) används tekniker sommillimeterWave (mmWave) och multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) därradio-terminaler består av stora matrisantenner och arbetar med stora bandbredder.Dessa funktioner gör 5G-system gynnsamma för positionering medhög noggrannhet. Å andra sidan har informationsfusion av Inertial NavigationSystems (INS) och andra positioneringstekniker vanligen använts för attutveckla mer robusta och exakta spårningssystem. I denna studie föreslår viett INS/5G-positioneringssystem för att spåra landfordon baserat på Kalmanfiltret. Vi adresserar systempositioneringsgränserna i termer av 5G nya radio(NR) subsystem och en detaljerad analys av beroendet av rotmedelfelteradkvadratfel (RMSE) för olika systemparametrar som utförs. Systemet testas iett enkelt simuleringsbaserat experiment som består av en rak motorväg medbasstationerna placerade bredvid det. Slutligen visar våra numeriska resultatatt det föreslagna systemet är i stånd att lokalisera ett UE-monterat fordon medsub-meter lägesfel även i närvaro av hård siktlinje blockering.
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Leoni, Elia. "Initial Access Techniques for 5G systems." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17708/.

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Nei prossimi anni è previsto un aumento del traffico dati, e la quinta generazione cellulare 5G dovrà fare affidamento su nuove tecnologie, come le onde millimetriche e il massive-MIMO, per soddisfare tale richiesta. Lo spettro di frequenze sotto i 6 GHz risulta infatti sovra-utilizzato, e le frequenze relative alle onde millimetriche promettono di garantire alte velocità di trasmissione dei dati, grazie alla grande disponibilità di banda, specialmente attorno ai 60 GHz. Nonostante questo aspetto favorevole, si ha però un elevato path loss e la difficoltà nel penetrare gli ostacoli. Per ovviare a tali problemi, l'utilizzo di tecniche di beamforming, ottenibili grazie all'uso congiunto di frequenze a onde millimetriche e massive-MIMO, permette di direzionare il pattern dell'antenna nelle direzioni spaziali desiderate, e di compensare il path loss grazie all'aumento della direttività. Considerando un sistema cellulare 5G, una comunicazione di tipo direttivo impone che i beam dell'utente e della stazione radio base debbano essere allineati per garantire la comunicazione, introducendo possibili ritardi nella fase di accesso iniziale. Di conseguenza, lo studio di algoritmi ad-hoc, progettati per velocizzare questa fase rappresenta un sfida importante per l'ottimizzazione dei futuri sistemi 5G. Nell'ottica quindi di velocizzare l'accesso iniziale nelle reti 5G, in questa tesi prima di tutto mostriamo gli approcci proposti nello stato dell'arte, mettendo in evidenza gli aspetti che possono essere migliorati. Successivamente viene spiegato il simulatore che abbiamo implementato su Matlab, e infine viene introdotto un nuovo algoritmo. In particolare, l'algoritmo proposto si basa sulla memoria degli utenti visti per settore e sull'utilizzo di diverse configurazioni dei beam. Questi due aspetti combinati tra loro risultano innovativi rispetto allo stato dell'arte. I risultati numerici ottenuti dimostrano la bontà della tecnica proposta negli scenari 5G considerati.
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Haroun, Mohammad Hassan. "8×1 Antenna Array System for Uplink Beamforming in LTE-A and 5G NR." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/129852.

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[ES] La tecnologia en fases de paquets es va convertir en dècades enrere en la indústria del radar. Avui en dia, la matriu de fases o la formació de bigues s'està convertint en una necessitat per a la comunicació digital. L'explotació d'un sistema de transmissió de feixos ajudarà a reduir el consum total d'energia de les estacions base i dels equips d'usuaris. També permetrà al servei oferir dades molt més elevades i millorar la qualitat del servei. La investigació sobre la comunicació digital i la comunicació requereix una antena i un maquinari compatible. El maquinari hauria de ser capaç de gestionar diferents escenaris i enfocaments per a problemes de comunicació mòbil. Hi ha diversos sistemes utilitzats per a la investigació de la formació de bigues, especialment per a la comunicació mòbil. Aquests sistemes pateixen de diverses deficiències. Són cares d'implementar, no adaptatives i fixades a una arquitectura relacionada amb determinat algorisme de generació de feixos o amb un nombre d'elements d'array fix. En aquesta tesi es proposa un nou sistema de matrius per fases. Aquest sistema es podria explotar per a la investigació en problemes de comunicació mòbil o radar. Està compost per una xarxa d'antenes planes de 8x1, canals de conversió de RF a banda base i processador de banda base. Es fa una estimació de la transformació de fases i de la DOA en mostres digitals de banda base. Això proporciona al sistema dinàmica quant als algorismes provats. Amb aquesta finalitat, es fan servir juntes SDR àgils per adquirir senyals de la matriu d'antenes i convertir-les en fluxos de dades digitals. Els fluxos de dades es processen després en un processador de banda base basat en FPGA. A més de ser baixos en costos i assequibles per part de petits instituts d'investigació i investigacions independents, el sistema es pot ajustar per portar més elements de matriu d'antenes. La matriu monopola plana de 8x1 està dissenyada, simulada i mesurada. Es combinen i descriuen les característiques d'impedància i de radiació. Els SDR s'introdueixen i es calibren per al funcionament de diversos elements i s'introdueixen els mètodes de calibratge per incerteses de fase i amplitud. El rendiment global del sistema es prova mitjançant diferents algorismes de formulació de feixos i algorismes de direcció d'estimació d'arribada. Els resultats de la mesura mostren que el sistema és fiable. S'aconsegueix un model de beamformació amb bona resolució i un rebuig elevat de la interferència. La estimació de la direcció d'arribada és precisa.
[CA] La tecnología de matriz en fase hizo una rotación en la industria del radar hace décadas. Hoy en día, la matriz en fase, o formación de haz, se está convirtiendo en una necesidad para la comunicación digital. La explotación de la formación de haz ayudaría a reducir el consumo de energía general de las estaciones base y el equipo del usuario. También permitirá que el servicio brinde datos mucho más altos y mejore la calidad del servicio. La investigación sobre la formación y comunicación de haces digitales requiere un conjunto de antenas y hardware compatible. El hardware debe ser capaz de manejar diferentes escenarios y enfoques para problemas de comunicación móvil. Hay varios sistemas utilizados para la investigación de conformación de haz, especialmente para la comunicación móvil. Estos sistemas sufren de varias deficiencias. Son costosos de implementar, no adaptativos y fijos a una arquitectura relacionada con cierto algoritmo de conformación de haz o con un número de elementos de arreglo fijo. En esta tesis, se propone un nuevo sistema matricial por fases. Este sistema podría ser explotado para la investigación en comunicaciones móviles o problemas de radar. Está compuesto por un conjunto de antenas planas de 8x1, canales de conversión de RF a banda base y procesador de banda base. La formación de haz y la estimación de DOA se realizan en muestras digitales de banda base. Esto proporciona al sistema dinamismo con respecto a los algoritmos probados. Para ese propósito, las tarjetas SDR ágiles se utilizan para adquirir señales de la red de antenas y convertirlas en flujos de datos digitales. Los flujos de datos se procesan en un procesador de banda base basado en FPGA. Además de ser de bajo costo y asequible para los pequeños institutos de investigación e investigaciones independientes, el sistema se puede ajustar para llevar más elementos de la red de antenas. El conjunto monopolo plano 8x1 está diseñado, simulado y medido. La correspondencia de impedancia y las características de radiación se representan y describen. Los SDR se introducen y se calibran para la operación de elementos múltiples y se introducen los métodos de calibración para las incertidumbres de fase y amplitud. El rendimiento general del sistema se prueba mediante diferentes algoritmos de conformación de haz y algoritmos de estimación de la dirección de llegada. Los resultados de las mediciones muestran que el sistema es confiable. Se logra una conformación de haz con buena resolución y alto rechazo de interferencia. Dirección de estimación de la llegada es precisa.
[EN] Phased array technology made a turnover in radar industry decades ago. Nowadays, phased array, or beamforming, is becoming a necessity for digital communication. Exploiting beamforming would help in reducing the overall power consumption of base stations and user equipment. It will also enables the service to provide much higher datarates and enhance the quality of service. Research on digital beamforming and communication requires antenna array and compatible hardware. The hardware should be capable of handling different scenarios and approaches for mobile communication problems. There are several systems used for beamforming research especially for mobile communication. These systems suffer from several deficiencies. They are either expensive to implement, not adaptive and fixed to an architecture related to certain beamforming algorithm or with fixed array elements number. In this thesis, a new phased array system is proposed. This system could be exploited for research in mobile communication or radar problems. It is composed of 8x1 planar antenna array, RF to baseband conversion channels and base band processor. Beamforming and DOA estimation is done on base band digital samples. This provides the system with dynamicity regarding tested algorithms. For that purpose, agile SDR boards are used to acquire signals from antenna array and convert them to digital data streams. Data streams are then processed in an FPGA based base band processor. In addition to being low in cost and affordable by small research institutes and freelancing researches, the system can be adjusted to carry more antenna array elements. The 8x1 planar monopole array is designed, simulated and measured. Impedance matching and radiation characteristics are plotted and described. SDRs are introduced and calibrated for multi-element operation and calibration method for phase and amplitude uncertainties are introduced. Overall system performance is tested by different beamforming algorithms and direction of arrival estimation algorithms. Measurement results show that the system is reliable. Beamforming with good resolution and high interference rejection is achieved. Direction of arrival estimation is accurate.
Haroun, MH. (2019). 8×1 Antenna Array System for Uplink Beamforming in LTE-A and 5G NR [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/129852
TESIS
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Sirousi, Sorena. "Distributed Digital Beamforming Techniques in Satellite Networks." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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In recent years, satellite communication systems, in particular LEO constellations, have been subject of increased attention in the new space race; this is substantiated by the numerous industrial endeavors aiming at providing high-speed broadband access anywhere at anytime, E.G., SpaceX Starlink. In 5G systems, there has been an increased focus to integrate a non-terrestrial component into the broader wireless communication infrastructure. It is expected that this trend will continue in the future. Satellites can provide coverage in areas where a terrestrial infrastructure is congested or unavailable; however, their energy resources are limited and due to the sidelobes in the multiple beam coverage, co-channel interference arises. Here, beamforming is an effective remedy for both problems. In this thesis, a distributed beamforming solution is investigated and compared with classic centralized methods. The distributed solution benefits from the fact that beamforming is not performed in a centralized manner in a single satellite, but is done collectively. So, if one satellite malfunctions, others can still provide coverage. Lastly, numerical simulations performed in MATLAB substantiate the advantages of distributed beamforming approach.
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Moret, Boris. "Amplificateur de puissance autonome pour applications OFDM et beamforming de la 5G aux fréquences millimétriques en technologie CMOS avancée." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0672/document.

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Afin de répondre à la demande croissante du nombre d'objets connectés et de débits de données plus élevés, la cinquième génération de réseau mobile (5G) va être déployée.Pour répondre à ces défis, la 5G utilisera le beamforming pour améliorer la qualité de transmission et étendre la couverture du réseau. En raison du manque de spectre RF disponible en dessous de 6 GHz, l'industrie de la téléphonie mobile étudie actuellement les bandes de fréquences millimétriques en particulier autour de 28 GHz. L'utilisation de la technologie CMOS pour les applications 5G apparait prometteuse pour le marché de masse que vise la 5G, d'autant qu'aujourd'hui la miniaturisation des transistors CMOS permet un fonctionnement compétitif aux fréquences millimétriques. Pour répondre à toutes les attentes de la 5G notamment en termes de fiabilité, de nouvelles idées en rupture, avec le self-healing et le self-contained, permettent d’utiliser au maximum les avantages de la technologie CMOS tout en proposant un fonctionnement fiable pou rl’amplificateur. Dans le cadre du self-healing et du self-contained, plusieurs circuits son tintégrés sur silicium tel qu'un amplificateur intégrant un détecteur de puissance totalement non invasif pour le self-healing et un amplificateur équilibré pour le selfcontained
In order to meet the growing demand for more connected objects and higher data rates,the fifth generation of mobile network (5G) will be deployed. To address thesechallenges, the 5G will use beamforming to improve the transmission quality and extendthe network coverage. Due to the lack of available RF spectrum below 6 GHz, the mobileindustry is studying millimeter wave frequency bands in particular around 28 GHz. Theuse of CMOS technology for 5G applications is promising for the 5G mass market,especially nowadays the miniaturization of CMOS transistors allows competitiveoperation at millimeter frequencies. To meet all the expectations of the 5G especially interms of reliability, new breakthrough ideas, with the self-healing and the selfcontained,allow to use all the benefits of CMOS technology to the maximum whileoffering reliable operation for the amplifier. Within the framework of self-healing andself-contained, several circuits are integrated on silicon such as an amplifier integratedwith a totally non-invasive power detector for self-healing and a balanced self-containedamplifier
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Chataut, Robin. "Optimization of Massive MIMO Systems for 5G Networks." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707262/.

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In the first part of the dissertation, we provide an extensive overview of sub-6 GHz wireless access technology known as massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, highlighting its benefits, deployment challenges, and the key enabling technologies envisaged for 5G networks. We investigate the fundamental issues that degrade the performance of massive MIMO systems such as pilot contamination, precoding, user scheduling, and signal detection. In the second part, we optimize the performance of the massive MIMO system by proposing several algorithms, system designs, and hardware architectures. To mitigate the effect of pilot contamination, we propose a pilot reuse factor scheme based on the user environment and the number of active users. The results through simulations show that the proposed scheme ensures the system always operates at maximal spectral efficiency and achieves higher throughput. To address the user scheduling problem, we propose two user scheduling algorithms bases upon the measured channel gain. The simulation results show that our proposed user scheduling algorithms achieve better error performance, improve sum capacity and throughput, and guarantee fairness among the users. To address the uplink signal detection challenge in the massive MIMO systems, we propose four algorithms and their system designs. We show through simulations that the proposed algorithms are computationally efficient and can achieve near-optimal bit error rate performance. Additionally, we propose hardware architectures for all the proposed algorithms to identify the required physical components and their interrelationships.
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Book chapters on the topic "Beamforming 5G"

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Pinangkis, Anggrit Dewangkara Yudha, Kishor Chandra, and R. Venkatesha Prasad. "Codebook-Based Beamforming Protocols for 5G Millimeter Wave Communications." In 5G Networks: Fundamental Requirements, Enabling Technologies, and Operations Management, 275–98. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119333142.ch7.

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Shevada, Laxmikant, Hema D. Raut, Rajeshwari Malekar, and Sumit Kumar. "Comparative Study of Different Beamforming Techniques for 5G: A Review." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 589–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7345-3_50.

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Lazarev, Vitaly, and Grigoriy Fokin. "Beamforming and Spatial Multiplexing Performance Evaluation in 5G Ultra-Dense Networks." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 709–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58868-7_77.

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Xu, Juan, Lan Wu, Lei Shi, Yi Shi, and Wenwen Zhou. "Research on 5G Internet of Vehicles Facilities Based on Coherent Beamforming." In Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications, 68–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59019-2_8.

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Seleem, Hussein, Abdullhameed Alsanie, and Ahmed Iyanda Sulyman. "Two-Stage Multiuser Access in 5G Cellular Using Massive MIMO and Beamforming." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 54–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24540-9_5.

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Hussein, Mohammed K., and Nasser N. Khamiss. "Integration Femtocells Based on Hybrid Beamforming with Existing LTE Macro-cell for Improving Throughput Towards 5G Networks." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 209–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97255-4_15.

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Tagliapietra, Girolamo, and Jacopo Iannacci. "RF-MEMS Technology and Beamforming in 5G: Challenges and Opportunities for a Pair with a Still Untapped Potential." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 437–53. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2308-1_44.

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Golbon-Haghighi, Mohammad-Hossein. "Beamforming in Wireless Networks." In Towards 5G Wireless Networks - A Physical Layer Perspective. InTech, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/66399.

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Asplund, Henrik, David Astely, Peter von Butovitsch, Thomas Chapman, Mattias Frenne, Farshid Ghasemzadeh, Måns Hagström, et al. "Antenna Arrays and Classical Beamforming." In Advanced Antenna Systems for 5G Network Deployments, 89–132. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-820046-9.00004-6.

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Kaviya K R and Deepa S. "Improved Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance Algorithm for 5G Communications System." In Advances in Parallel Computing. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/apc210090.

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Beamforming is a process formulated to produce the radiated beam patterns of the antennas by completely building up the processed signals in the direction of the desired terminals and cancelling beams of interfering signals. Adaptive beamforming is a key technology of smart antenna. The core is to obtain optimum weights of the antenna array by some adaptive beamforming algorithms and finally adjust the main lobe to focus on the arriving direction of the desired signal as well as suppressing the interfering signal. There are several beamforming algorithms that includes Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance (LCMV) algorithm in which Self Nulling Issue is further reduced by adding multiplier to the MCMV algorithm and it is referred as Improved LCMV (IMPLCMV). A Comparative analysis is done for different multipliers and it is found that w=0.15 gives best result with minimum interference of flat response and also self-nulling issues can be reduced.
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Conference papers on the topic "Beamforming 5G"

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Kuber, Tejashri, Dola Saha, and Ivan Seskar. "Predicting Channel Transition for MU-MIMO Beamforming." In 2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5gwf.2018.8516958.

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Lin, Yue, Qi Qiu, Zhiqiang Fan, and Jun Su. "Microwave photonics beamforming for 5G." In 2021 International Conference on Optical Instruments and Technology: Optical Communication and Optical Signal Processing, edited by Jian Chen, Fabien Bretenaker, Shilong Pan, Yi Dong, and Yang Qiu. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2620415.

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Bagal, Sindhu, Vaishnavi Hayagreev, Shivani Nazare, Tatpada Raikar, and Parikshit Hegde. "Energy Efficient Beamforming for 5G." In 2021 International Conference on Recent Trends on Electronics, Information, Communication & Technology (RTEICT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rteict52294.2021.9573748.

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Vora, Ankur, and Kyoung-Don Kang. "Index Modulation with PAPR and Beamforming for 5G MIMO-OFDM." In 2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5gwf.2018.8516925.

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Shahsavari, Shahram, S. Amir Hosseini, Chris Ng, and Elza Erkip. "Adaptive Hybrid Beamforming with Massive Phased Arrays in Macro-Cellular Networks." In 2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5gwf.2018.8516954.

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Varum, Tiago, Amelia Ramos, and Joao N. Matos. "Planar microstrip series-fed array for 5G applications with beamforming capabilities." In 2018 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on 5G Hardware and System Technologies (IMWS-5G). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imws-5g.2018.8484697.

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Vook, Frederick W., Amitava Ghosh, and Timothy A. Thomas. "MIMO and beamforming solutions for 5G technology." In 2014 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - MTT 2014. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwsym.2014.6848613.

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Gante, Joao, Gabriel Falciao, and Leonel Sousa. "Data-Aided Fast Beamforming Selection for 5G." In ICASSP 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2018.8461461.

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Yi Xie, Bo Li, Xiaoya Zuo, Mao Yang, Zhongjiang Yan, and Qingtian Xue. "Outage analysis for 5G beamforming heterogeneous networks." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Communications and Computing (ICSPCC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icspcc.2016.7753609.

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Khattak, Muhammad Kamran, Changhyung Lee, Dajung Han, and Sungtek Kahng. "Flat Rotman lens for 5G beamforming antenna." In 2016 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apcap.2016.7843170.

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