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Academic literature on the topic 'Beam Instrument'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Beam Instrument"

1

Matsui, H., M. Nakamura, T. Mukai, K. Tsuruda, and H. Hayakawa. "Observations of convection in the dayside magnetosphere by the beam instrument on Geotail." Annales Geophysicae 19, no. 3 (March 31, 2001): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-303-2001.

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Abstract. We report observations of magnetospheric convection by the beam instrument, EFD-B, on Geotail. The region analyzed in this study is mainly the afternoon sector of the magnetosphere between L = 9.7 - 11.5. When the instrument is operated, electron beams are emitted from guns and some of them return to detectors attached to the main body of the satellite. However, we find that the return beams are often spread over a wide range of satellite spin phase angles, so that the calculated convection is unreliable. In order to remove noisy data, we set up suitable selection criteria. We infer that the convection strength is of the order of 20 km/s. The convection has generally westward and outward components. This indicates that the plasma located at the satellite positions is being convected toward the magnetopause. Moreover, the obtained convection is highly variable because standard deviations are comparable to the strength. We then compare the convection estimated by the beam instrument with that by the particle instrument, LEP. We find that the convections derived from the two instruments are positively correlated, with correlation coefficients above 0.7. The analysis reported here is expected to be useful in the interpretation of the multi-spacecraft data from the Cluster II mission.Key words. Magnetospheric physics (current systems; electric fields; instruments and techniques)
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Ehlers, Georg, Morris L. Crow, Yacouba Diawara, Franz X. Gallmeier, Xiaosong Geng, Garrett E. Granroth, Raymond D. Gregory, et al. "Modern Trends in Neutron Scattering Instrument Technologies." Instruments 6, no. 3 (July 29, 2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments6030022.

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This article reviews some current trends that can be observed in the development of neutron scattering instrument technologies. While the number of neutron scattering facilities worldwide and the number of beam days they offer are largely stable, their scientific impact is increasing through improving instrumental capabilities, new and more versatile instruments, and more efficient data collection protocols. Neutron beams are becoming smaller but more intense, and instruments are being designed to utilize more ‘useful’ neutrons in unit time. This article picks and discusses a few recent developments in the areas of integrated source and instrument design, use of computational tools, new detectors, and experiment automation.
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Hundley, Craig R. "Beam and cylinder sound instrument." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 77, no. 4 (April 1985): 1632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.391988.

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Cussen, L. D. "An acceptance-diagram description of beams from focusing monochromators." Journal of Applied Crystallography 35, no. 6 (November 13, 2002): 702–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889802015376.

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`Acceptance' diagrams are used to describe the beams produced by curved segmented (`focusing') monochromators in the kinematic approximation. This semi-analytic semi-graphical method leads to a complete description which is readily visualized in terms of instrument variables. Focusing both in and perpendicular to the scattering plane is considered. Clear relationships are identified between instrument dimensions and the beam produced. The description is directed towards neutron scattering instruments but the formalism should also apply to photons and electrons. It is demonstrated that a monochromator curved both in and perpendicular to the scattering plane (`double focused') on either a straight or curved neutron guide tube from a reactor source can produce a beam of comparable flux to that achievable at the reactor face. Such a beam has spatial dimensions comparable with modern single-crystal samples for inelastic scattering and could thus provide spectacular signal and, even more interestingly, signal to noise ratios for both elastic and inelastic single-crystal spectrometers.
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Giannuzzi, Lucille A. "FIB/SEM Dual Beam Instrumentation: Slicing, Dicing, Imaging, and More." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 796–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600030051.

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In a focused ion beam (FIB) instrument, ions (typically Ga+) obtained from a liquid metal ion source are accelerated down a column at energies up to ∽ 50 keV. The beam of ions is focused by electrostatic and octopole lens systems and the ion dose (and beam diameter) is controlled using real and/or virtual apertures. Beam sizes in FIB instruments on the order of 5-7 nm may be achieved.The versatility of the FIB instrument enables large regions of material (e.g., 500 μm3) to be removed at high beam currents in just a couple of minutes. Lower beam currents (i.e., beam diameters) are usually used to remove smaller amounts of material within the same time frame (e.g., ∽ 5μm3). The introduction of an organometallic gas in close proximity to the target allows for the deposition of metals, SiO2, and other materials, by an ion beam assisted chemical vapor deposition process.
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Barker, J. G., C. J. Glinka, J. J. Moyer, M. H. Kim, A. R. Drews, and M. Agamalian. "Design and performance of a thermal-neutron double-crystal diffractometer for USANS at NIST." Journal of Applied Crystallography 38, no. 6 (November 12, 2005): 1004–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889805032103.

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An ultra-high-resolution small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) double-crystal diffractometer (DCD) is now in operation at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR). The instrument uses multiple reflections from large silicon (220) perfect single crystals, before and after the sample, to produce both high beam intensity and a low instrument background suitable for small-angle scattering measurements. The minimum detector background to beam intensity ratio (noise-to-signal, N/S) forq≥ 5 × 10−4 Å−1is 4 × 10−7. The instrument uses 2.38 Å wavelength neutrons on a dedicated thermal neutron beam port, producing a peak flux on the sample of 17300 cm−2 s−1. The typical measurement range of the instrument extends from 3 × 10−5 Å−1to 5 × 10−3 Å−1in scattering wavevector (q), providing information on material structure over the size range from 0.1 µm to 20 µm. This paper describes the design and characteristics of the instrument, the mode of operation, and presents data that demonstrate the instrument's performance.
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7

Letalick, Dietmar, and Ingmar Renhorn. "Instrument for measuring laser‐beam profiles." Review of Scientific Instruments 58, no. 5 (May 1987): 765–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139628.

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8

Nagler, Bob, Brice Arnold, Gary Bouchard, Richard F. Boyce, Richard M. Boyce, Alice Callen, Marc Campell, et al. "The Matter in Extreme Conditions instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 22, no. 3 (April 21, 2015): 520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577515004865.

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The LCLS beam provides revolutionary capabilities for studying the transient behavior of matter in extreme conditions. The particular strength of the Matter in Extreme Conditions instrument is that it combines the unique LCLS beam with high-power optical laser beams, and a suite of dedicated diagnostics tailored for this field of science. In this paper an overview of the beamline, the capabilities of the instrumentation, and selected highlights of experiments and commissioning results are presented.
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Thomas, F. C. "Diffusion Pumps and Water Chillers." Microscopy Today 9, no. 3 (April 2001): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500056947.

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This note concerns two very important parts of most beam instrument systems; diffusion pumps and water chillers. As we'll see below, the two can be intimately connected.Many SEMs, TEMs and other electron beam instruments contain one or more diffusion pumps as part of their vacuum systems. These are usually vertically-oriented cylindrical objects, perhaps 30 cm high, wrapped in several turns of copper tubing. They are usually placed behind or below the instrument's column, and typically handle high vacuums for tungsten filaments, or backing for ion pumps with other emitter types. Generally, these units are fairly maintenance-free; a change of oil every few years may be all that is required.
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Popova, I. I., and F. X. Gallmeier. "Shielding development for the VENUS imaging instrument." Journal of Neutron Research 22, no. 2-3 (October 20, 2020): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jnr-200164.

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VENUS is an imaging instrument that will use a broad range of neutron wavelengths, from epithermal to cold, will include enhanced contrast mechanisms, and will offer novel energy-selective imaging techniques that directly connect the structures, properties, and function of complex engineering materials and systems to reveal practical and fundamental answers about their real-world performance. The instrument is to be built at SNS beam line 10 and will face the decoupled poisoned hydrogen moderator. The driving cost for the instrument is the beam line and instrument cave shielding. Initial scoping analyses were performed to estimate thickness and composition of shielding materials for the instrument cave and beam line. In light of the upcoming Proton Power Upgrade (PPU) project, these transport analyses were performed for proton beam on target at 1.3 GeV and 2 MW.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Beam Instrument"

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Trainor, John Roland. "Development of a crossed beam instrument for studying ion-molecule reactions." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1990. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/106751/.

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This thesis describes the development of a Crossed Beam instrument for the study of ion-molecule reactions. A full investigation of some gross systematic errors, in apparatus which had been previously installed, is made. Where time has prevented the further development, then conclusions have been transformed into specifications, and practical solutions described. Experimental data is presented which is interpreted as evidence that the beams intersect and that low intensity of the scattered products and the forementioned systematic errors veil these data. The reduction of data, containing such errors, to useful chemical interpretation is extremely difficult, hence the need for further modification. Data are presented in chapter 3 consistent with the quadrupole acting as a linear particle accelerator. The effect on an initially monochromated beam is of causing an unacceptable energy spread. The spherical and chromatic aberrations of both source and detector are identified as the principal systematic errors using computer simulation (SIMION) for forward convolution. The development of a pulsed neutral beam source is described in chapter 4. The performance of the beam source is critically analysed and compared to alternative sources. A generally applicable model is derived to predict the shutter opening function of pulsed sources. Such a study has not previously been made. It is anticipated that this model will be of use to the solution of non-steady flow problems i.e. calculation of time dependent flow field properties, or in the deconvolution of TOF spectra from beam sources. Performance data for the beam source and some calculated properties are given. The subject of ion-molecule reactions is introduced by development from simple ideas. The subject matter covered is not intended to be exhaustive, but covers the examples of ion-molecule reactions of personal Interest. Recent crossed beam studies are examined and suggestions of possible new experiments made.
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Trautman, Theodore Robert. "I. Mechanism of Ethylidyne Formation on Ni(111) and II. Design of a Molecular Beam-Surface Scattering and Surface Analysis Instrument." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10772.

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3

Flambó, Paulo A. Dias Gomes. "Avaliação do bem-estar psicológico em sujeitos com psoríase." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/527.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia da Saúde
Independentemente da abordagem teórica, muitos autores consideram a pele como o primeiro meio de contacto do indivíduo com o meio. Partindo desta posição, podemos pensar nos prejuízos causados no Bem-estar Psicológico de indivíduos acometidos por este tipo de doença. Este trabalho pretende apresentar os resultados da avaliação do Bem-Estar Psicológico em doentes com Psoríase, obtidos a partir da aplicação de um instrumento: a EBEP. uma escala de bem-estar psicológico. A Psoríase tem suscitado interesse na investigação por causa dos aspectos psicológicos e sociais de seus portadores. Objectivou-se avaliar as condições psicológicas e adaptativas de pacientes com Psoríase e suas relações com variáveis demográficas e condições clínicas. Foram avaliados, através de um questionário enviado pela Associação Portuguesa de Psoríase (PSOPortugal) para os domicílios dos pacientes, 43 mulheres e 52 homens com idade entre 18 e os 65 anos com diagnóstico de Psoríase vulgar. Procedeu-se à aplicação individual da Escala de Bem-Estar Psicológico e de uma Ficha Sócio-demográfica, conforme as recomendações técnicas. Os protocolos foram cotados e comparados aos dados normativos, procedeu-se à quantificação e tratamento estatístico. Observou-se que a dimensão Autonomia parece ser a que mais influencia o Bem-Estar Psicológico dos indivíduos com Psoríase.
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Kopf, Andrew James. "A multi-instrument study of auroral hiss at Saturn." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/692.

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Over the last fifty years, a multitude of spacecraft and rocket experiments have studied plasma wave emissions from Earth's auroral regions. One such emission is auroral hiss, a low-frequency whistler-mode wave that is produced in the auroral zone. Observations from Earth-orbiting spacecraft show that auroral hiss is generated by field-aligned electron beams, with the resulting plasma wave emission propagating along the resonance cone. This propagation results in auroral hiss appearing as a V-shaped funnel when observed on a frequency-time spectrogram. This thesis presents the first comprehensive study of auroral hiss at a planet other than Earth, using the Cassini spacecraft to study auroral hiss at Saturn. NASA's Cassini spacecraft, currently in orbit around Saturn, has allowed for the first opportunity to study this emission in detail at another planet. Since 2006, the Cassini spacecraft has twice been in a series of high inclination orbits, allowing investigation and measurements of Saturnian auroral phenomena. During this time, the Radio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) Investigation on Cassini detected low frequency whistler mode emissions propagating upward along the auroral field lines, much like terrestrial auroral hiss. Comparisons of RPWS data with observations from several other Cassini instruments, including the Dual-Technique Magnetometer (MAG), Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument (MIMI), and the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS), have revealed a complete picture of this emission at Saturn. Observations from these instruments have been used to make a variety of determinations about auroral hiss at Saturn. RPWS has only observed this emission when Cassini was at high-latitudes, although these observations have shown no preference for local time. Tracking the times this emission has been observed revealed a clear periodicity in the emission. Further study later revealed not one but two rotational modulations, one in each hemisphere, rotating at rates of 813.9 and 800.7 degrees per day in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively. These rates match with observations of the clock-like Saturn Kilometric Radiation. Study of the field-aligned current structures in the auroral regions revealed a strong upward-directed current in both hemispheres on the lower-latitude side of the auroral hiss emission. Along with correlating particle densities, these observations were used to infer the presence of a high-density plasmasphere at low latitudes, with the series of field-aligned current structures lining up with the outer boundary at L-shell values of around 12-15. Analysis of electron beams observed in conjunction with auroral hiss shows that these beams produce large growth rates for whistler-mode waves propagating along the resonance cone, similar to terrestrial auroral hiss. Analytical calculation of the normalized growth rates of ten electron beam events on Day 291, 2008, yielded a wide range of growth rates, from 0.004 to over 6.85 times the real frequency. The latter, a non-physical result, came from a violation of the weak growth approximation, suggesting there was so much growth that the analytical calculation was not valid in this instance. Numerical calculation using a plasma dispersion-solving code called WHAMP produced a growth rate of about 0.3, a still very large number, suggesting the detected beams may be the source of the observed auroral hiss plasma wave emission.
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Lopes, Ana Filipa Ferreira Emídio. "Bem-estar escolar e satisfação com a vida nos adolescentes." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/607.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia da Saúde
Este estudo investiga a relação entre o bem-estar dos adolescentes em contexto escolar e a satisfação com a vida (SV). Alunos do 3o ciclo do ensino básico, do 7º ao 9o ano de escolaridade (N=413) preencheram a Escala Abreviada de Satisfação com a Vida para Estudantes (EASVE) de Marques e Ribeiro (2006), para a avaliação da SV e o Perfil de Bem-Estar Escolar (PBEE) como medida de avaliação do bem-estar escolar (BEE), traduzido e adaptado para esta investigação, a partir do School Well Being Profile (Konu & Lintonen, 2005; Lintonen & Konu, 2006) instrumento construído com base no modelo de Bem-Estar Escolar (BEE) (Konu, Alanen, Lintonen & Rimpelã, 2002; Konu & Rimpelã, 2002;). Dos resultados encontrados, verifica-se uma correlação, apesar de fraca magnitude, entre a SV e o BEE, particularmente com a percepção de saúde e de competências académicas e o suporte parental na educação. Constatam-se também associações entre algumas variáveis sócio demográficas e a SV, nomeadamente, com a estrutura familiar, o ano de escolaridade e alguns indicadores de sucesso escolar. Tal como entre BEE e/ou algumas das suas dimensões e o género, a idade, a estrutura familiar, o ano de escolaridade e alguns indicadores de sucesso escolar. São discutidas as implicações para a investigação e prática, como a importância da qualidade da educação para o bem-estar e SV dos adolescentes, assim como apontadas algumas limitações do estudo e sugestões para futuras investigações.
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6

Hii, King-Fu. "A PRECISION INSTRUMENT FOR RESEARCH INTO NANOLITHOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES USING FIELD-EMITTED ELECTRON BEAMS." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/675.

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Nanomanufacturing is an active research area in academia and industry due to the ever-growing demands for precision surface modifications of thin films or substrates with nanoscale features. Conventional lithographic techniques face many challenges as they approach their fundamental limits. Consequently, new nanomanufacturing tools, fabrication techniques, and precision instruments are being explored and developed to meet these challenges. It has been hypothesized that direct-write nanolithography might be achieved by using a field-emitted electron beam for nanomachining. This dissertation moves this research one step closer by developing a precision instrument that can enable the integration of direct-write nanolithography by a field-emitted electron beam with dimensional metrology by scanning tunneling microscopy. First, field emission from two prospective electron sources, a carbon nanotube field emitter and a sharp tungsten field emitter, is characterized at distances ranging from sub-micrometer to a few micrometers. Also, the design and construction of a low thermal drift piezoelectric linear motor is described for tip-sample approach. Experiments indicate that: the step size is highly repeatable with a standard deviation of less than 1.2 nm and the thermal stability is better than 40 nm/◦C. Finally, the design and construction of the instrument are presented. Experiments indicate that: the instrument is operating properly in scanning tunneling microscope mode with a resolution of less than 2 Å.
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7

Lahbabi, Khalid. "Etude et realisation d'un dispositif de mesure, dans le spectre infrarouge, de l'emissivite des materiaux opaques." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066115.

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Mesure directe de l'emissivite spectrale directionnelle d'echantillons dans le domaine spectral 3 microns a 11 microns en fonction de l'angle d'observation, de la longueur d'onde du rayonnement et de la temperature. Possibilite de mesure indirecte par l'intermediaire de la brdf
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8

Aubuchon, Matthew Stephen. "Study of an optical power splitter with high power capacity using prism coupling and tapered waveguides /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1421109.

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Costa, Giovana Borba Gazzinelli. "Avaliação da eficiência de sistemas rotatórios para desobturação em canais curvos, por meio de tomografia computadorizada por feixe cônico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23145/tde-18022014-193143/.

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O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar ex vivo a eficiência de sistemas para retratamento (ProTaper Universal Retratamento, Mtwo Retratamento e D-Race), na desobturação de canais mésio vestibulares curvos de molares superiores, por meio de tomografia computadorizada por feixe cônico. Foram utilizados canais mésio vestibulares com curvatura entre 20° e 40°, de 36 molares superiores, preparados com Protaper Universal (até instrumento F2), obturados com cone ProTaper F2 e cimento AH Plus, pela técnica de condensação lateral. Para a desobturação, os dentes foram divididos em grupos (I: ProTaper Universal Retratamento, II: Mtwo Retratamento e III: D-Race). A captura das imagens foi realizada após a obturação e após a desobturação dos canais radiculares, por meio de tomografia computadorizada por feixe cônico de pequeno volume (Prexion 3D XTrillion Inc). As imagens foram segmentadas utilizando o programa InVesalius, para verificar o material obturador remanescente. O tempo para desobturação também foi analisado. De posse dos valores, iniciais e finais, de volume de material obturador e de estrutura dentinária, a proporção dos volumes foi calculada. Para a análise estatística, os resultados foram avaliados pelos testes de ANOVA e de Múltiplas Comparações de Bonferroni. Os grupos ProTaper Universal Retratamento (13,97%) e D-Race (9,87%), apresentaram os menores volumes percentuais médios de material obturador remanescente, não havendo diferença estatística significante entre eles; porém, apresentaram diferença estatística significante (p 0,05) do grupo Mtwo Retratamento (33,88%). Os três sistemas provocaram desgaste semelhante de dentina após a desobturação. O grupo D-Race apresentou menor tempo para desobturação, estatisticamente diferente em relação aos demais sistemas. As características dos sistemas de retratamento podem interferir na eficiência de desobturação quanto ao tempo e volume de material remanescente.
The present study aimed to evaluate, ex vivo, the efficiency of systems for retreatment (ProTaper Universal Retreatment, Mtwo Retreatment and D-Race), in removal filling material of curved mesiobuccal canals of maxillary molars, using cone beam computed tomography. Were used mesiobuccal canals with curvature between 20 ° and 40 °, of 36 molars prepared with ProTaper Universal (until instrument F2), filled with cone F2 ProTaper and AH Plus sealer by lateral condensation. For the removal procedure of filling material, the teeth were divided into groups (I: Protaper Universal Retreatment, II: Mtwo Retreatment and III: D-Race). The capture of images was performed after filling and after the removal procedure of root canal through cone beam computed tomography of small volume (Prexion 3D - XTrillion Inc). The images were segmented using the software InVesalius to check the remaining filling material. The time for removal procedure was also analyzed. Possession of values, initial and final, of volume filling material and dentin structure, the ratio of the volumes was calculated. For statistical analysis, the results were evaluated by ANOVA and Bonferroni\'s Multiple Comparisons. ProTaper Universal Retreatment (13.97 %) and D-Race (9.87 %) groups had the lowest average percent volume remaining filling material, with no statistically significant difference between them, but showed a statistically significant difference (p 0.05) group Mtwo Retreatment (33.88 %). The three systems caused similar wear dentin after removal procedure. The group D-Race had less time for removal procedure, statistically different compared to the other systems. The characteristics of retreatment systems may interfere with the efficiency of removal procedure on the time and volume remaining material.
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Pereira, López Xesús. "Study of transfer reactions induced by a 16C beam." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2065.

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A disparition du nombre magique N=20 et l'apparition des nouveaux nombres magiques N=14 et 16 ont été observées dans les isotopes d'oxygène riches en neutrons. L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier la présence éventuelle de ces nouveaux nombres magiques dans les isotopes de carbone riches en neutrons en localisant les orbitales de neutron 0d5/2 1s1/2 et 0d3/2 dans le 17C à l'aide de la réaction de transfert 16C(d,p)17C. Dans notre expérience réalisée au GANIL, les états du 17C ont été peuplés par la réaction de transfert 16C(d,p)17C induite en bombardant une cible de CD2 avec un faisceau de 16C d'énergie 17. 2 AMeV produit par le spectromètre LISE3. Le détecteur à pistes silicium TIARA a été utilisé pour détecter les particules légères, tandis qu'un télescope Si-Si-CsI a été placé à 0 degré pour identifier les fragments lourds. Quatre détecteurs germanium hyper pur EXOGAM ont été utilisés pour détecter les photons γ émis par les états liés du 17C. Les distributions angulaires confirment les spins et parités 3/2+, 1/2+ et 5/2+ pour l'état fondamental et les premier et deuxième états excités observés à des énergies d'excitation de 217 et 335 keV respectivement. Les facteurs spectroscopiques déduits pour ces états excités indiquent un caractère de particule indépendante marqué, en accord avec les calculs du modèle en couches. En revanche, le facteur spectroscopique significatif pour l'état fondamental semble révéler une composante 0d3/2 nettement sous estimée par le modèle en couches. Du fait de sa faible énergie de séparation et de sa configuration l=0 dominante, le premier état excité du 17C apparaît comme un très bon candidat de halo d'un neutron
Recent experiments have evidenced the existence of new nuclear shell gaps at N=14 and N=16 in neutron-rich oxygen isotopes associated with the vanishing of the N=20 shell gap. However, in the neutron-rich carbon isotopes, the extent to which these gaps persist is unclear. In an effort to answer this question we have attempted to probe the low-lying level structure of 17C using the (d,p) transfer reaction to locate the single-particle orbitals involved in the formation of the N=14 and N=16 shell gaps. The experiment was carried out at the GANIL facility. A 16C beam at 17. 2 AMeV produced by fragmentation was used to bombard a CD2 target. The light ejectiles were detected using the TIARA silicon strip array while a Si-Si-CsI telescope was placed at zero degrees to identify beam-like residues. In addition, four HPGe-EXOGAM clover detectors were used to measure the gamma-rays arising from 17C bound excited states. The measured angular distributions confirm the spin and parity assignments of 3/2+, 1/2+ and 5/2+
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Books on the topic "Beam Instrument"

1

Trainor, John Roland. Development of a crossed beam instrument for studying ion-molecule reactions. [s.l.]: typescript, 1990.

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L, Ederer D., and Thompson Brian J, eds. Selected papers on VUV synchrotron radiation instrumentation: Beam line and instrument development. Bellingham, WA: SPIE Optical Engineering Press, 1998.

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Workshop on Advanced Beam Instrumentation (1991 National Laboratory for High Energy Physics). Proceedings of the Workshop on Advanced Beam Instrumentation: Volume 1 of 2, April 22-24, 1991, KEK, Tsukuba, Japan. Edited by Ogata A. 1941-, Kishiro J, and Kō-enerugī Butsurigaku Kenkyūjo (Japan). Oho, Tsukuba-shi, Japan: National Laboratory for High Energy Physics, 1991.

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Williams, David B., Joseph I. Goldstein, and Dale E. Newbury, eds. X-Ray Spectrometry in Electron Beam Instruments. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1825-9.

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1949-, Williams David B., Goldstein Joseph 1939-, and Newbury Dale E, eds. X-ray spectrometry in electron beam instruments. New York: Plenum Press, 1995.

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B, Williams David. X-Ray Spectrometry in Electron Beam Instruments. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995.

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Ill.) Beam Instrumentation Workshop (12th 2006 Batavia. Beam Instrumentation Workshop 2006: Twelfth Beam Instrumentation Workshop : Batavia, Illinois, 1-4 May 2006 : BIW06. Edited by Meyer Thomas S and Webber Robert C. Melville, N.Y: American Institute of Physics, 2006.

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Rawat, Aseem Singh. Laser based surface roughness measuring instrument. Mumbai: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2005.

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Thomas, Shea, and Sibley R. Coles, eds. Beam Instrumentation Workshop 2004: Eleventh Beam Instrumentation Workshop, Knoxville, Tennessee, 3-6 May 2004. Melville, N.Y: American Institute of Physics, 2004.

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Beam Instrumentation Workshop (8th 1998 Stanford, Calif.). Beam Instrumentation Workshop: Stanford, CA May 1998. Edited by Hettel Robert O, Smith Stephen R. 1954-, and Masek Jennifer D. Woodbury, N.Y: American Institute of Physics, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Beam Instrument"

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Stevie, F. A., L. A. Giannuzzi, and B. I. Prenitzer. "The Focused Ion Beam Instrument." In Introduction to Focused Ion Beams, 1–12. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-23313-x_1.

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Paschmann, G., M. Boehm, H. Höfner, R. Frenzel, P. Parigger, F. Melzner, G. Haerendel, C. A. Kletzing, R. B. Torbert, and G. Sartori. "The Electron Beam Instrument (F6) on Freja." In The Freja Mission, 43–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0299-5_3.

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Bamberg, M., and K. P. Wanczek. "A supersonic beam ion cyclotron resonance instrument for the study of van der Waals cluster ions." In Small Particles and Inorganic Clusters, 883–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76178-2_213.

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Heckert, Uwe. "Abstimmen des Einsatzes der Instrumente der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie mit Instrumenten der Organisation beim Wissensmanagement." In Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie beim Wissensmanagement, 195–270. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-89852-4_7.

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Li, Wuxia, and Changzhi Gu. "Ion Beam Instruments Used for Nanomanufacturing." In Handbook of Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, 1317–42. London: Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4670-4_63.

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Li, Wuxia, and Changzhi Gu. "Ion Beam Instruments Used for Nanomanufacturing." In Handbook of Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, 1–22. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4976-7_63-4.

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Heinrich, K. F. J. "The Development of Energy Dispersive Electron Probe Analysis." In X-Ray Spectrometry in Electron Beam Instruments, 1–6. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1825-9_1.

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Swyt, C. R. "A Study of Systematic Errors in Multiple Linear Regression Peak Fitting Using Generated Spectra." In X-Ray Spectrometry in Electron Beam Instruments, 159–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1825-9_10.

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Newbury, D. E. "Artifacts in Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry in Electron Beam Instruments. Are Things Getting Any Better?" In X-Ray Spectrometry in Electron Beam Instruments, 167–201. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1825-9_11.

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Zemyan, S. M., and D. B. Williams. "Characterizing an Energy Dispersive Spectrometer on an Analytical Electron Microscope." In X-Ray Spectrometry in Electron Beam Instruments, 203–19. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1825-9_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Beam Instrument"

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Sandri, M. "Planck Low Frequency Instrument: Beam patterns." In EXPERIMENTAL COSMOLOGY AT MILLIMETRE WAVELENGTHS: 2K1BC Workshop. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1475637.

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Mortimer, Daniel J., Sorabh Chhabra, Stefan Kraus, Narsireddy Anugu, Romain Laugier, Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin, and John D. Monnier. "Beam combiner for the Asgard/BIFROST instrument." In Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging VIII, edited by Antoine Mérand, Stephanie Sallum, and Joel Sanchez-Bermudez. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2629268.

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Mallozzi, Robert S., Richard M. Kippen, Geoffrey N. Pendleton, William S. Paciesas, Georgia A. Richardson, Surasak Phengchamnan, Gerald Karr, et al. "Beam test results for the FiberGLAST instrument." In SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Oswald H. W. Siegmund and Kathryn A. Flanagan. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.366510.

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Sporea, D., A. Stancalie, N. Becherescu, M. Becker, and M. Rothhardt. "Electron beam profile instrument based on FBGs." In 2014 Third Mediterranean Photonics Conference. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mephoco.2014.6866485.

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Bennett, Jean M., Thomas C. Bristow, Kevork Arackellian, and James C. Wyant. "Surface Profiling With Optical and Mechanical Instruments." In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1986.thb4.

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Two types of interferometers and a mechanical stylus-type instrument have been used to make surface profile measurements on the same samples. All had comparable height sensitivities, of the order of 1 Å rms, but different lateral resolutions. The Optel profilometer1 is based on the principle of the Nomarski differential interference contrast microscope in which two beams of light separated by 0.3 μm are measured by two detectors. Values of the surface slope are calculated from the detector signals; integration yields a surface profile. The Wyko heterodyne profilometer2 is based on the Mireau interferometer. One light beam is reflected from the sample while a second beam is diverted by a beam splitter to a reference mirror located between the microscope objective lens and the sample. A 1024 element linear diode array measures the phase of the interference fringe pattern which is then transformed into a surface profile. In the Talystep instrument3 a 1 μm radius diamond stylus contacts the surface with a 1-2 mg loading that is light enough not to damage the surface. The vertical motion of the stylus as it moves across the surface is converted into a digitized electrical signal that directly gives the surface profile. Results of measurements made on different types of surfaces using the three instruments will be compared to show repeatability, height sensitivity, and lateral resolution. Special features of each instrument will also be discussed.
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Heimbeck, Martin S., Patrick J. Reardon, Joshua Goldberg, Mike Einhorn, and Henry O. Everitt. "Multi detector terahertz beam profiling and imaging instrument." In 2011 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2011.6105182.

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Fan, Yuzhen, and Keming Yu. "New laser alignment instrument." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.mv3.

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Laser alignment instruments usually operate by using the laser beam itself, i.e., the locus of its energy center, as the axis of the collimating and measuring base line. However, the locus of the laser beam energy center is not a steady-state straight line; it follows any variation in the laser output and thus can drift. This has a direct influence on the precision of the collimation measurement. The new type of laser aligner we introduce here, however, uses the axis of an annular interference pattern as a base; this pattern has a high degree of stability both in space and time, so that it is essentially unaffected by the drift of the laser beam (including its translation and angular displacement).
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Jin, Yingxia, Yaquan Tang, and Xiaomei Yu. "Study on clamped-clamped beam in-plane capacitive resonators." In International Conference of Optical Instrument and Technology, edited by Zhaoying Zhou, Shanhong Xia, Chih-Ming Ho, and Helmut Seidel. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.811950.

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Pantaleev, Miroslav G., Karsten Ermisch, Mathias Fredrixon, Magnus Svensson, and Victor Belitsky. "Gaussian beam measurement for HIFI instrument: Herschel Space Observatory." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Simon C. Craig and Martin J. Cullum. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.553113.

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Li, Naiyi, Xiaoming Chen, Tim Hubbert, and Richard Berkmortel. "2005 Ford GT Magnesium Instrument Panel Cross Car Beam." In SAE 2005 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-0341.

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Reports on the topic "Beam Instrument"

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Pollard, J. E. Beam-Centroid Tracking Instrument for Ion Thrusters. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada293654.

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Friedsam, H., W. Oren, R. Pitthan, R. Pushor, and R. Ruland. Alignment labeling scheme for the reverse bends, instrument sections, and the final focus beam line elements and their supports. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6396791.

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Ray, Jason, James Kinnebrew, Ramsay Bell, and Martin Schultz. Sensitivity of simulated flaw-height estimates to phased array scan parameters. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47403.

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Phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) is a nondestructive testing (NDT) technique for detecting and sizing flaws in welds. Estimates of flaw size are sensitive to a variety of PAUT scan parameters. In this study, estimates of flaw height are simulated using computer software. The sensitivity of these estimates to selected PAUT scan parameters is analyzed to identify those that have the greatest influence on estimates of flaw height. Understanding how varying different parameters within a phased array instrument affects the accuracy of flaw-height estimates helps to validate PAUT scan procedures and improve flaw-height estimates. For this research, a series of permutations on selected flaws were performed to see how certain parameters affect the accuracy in sizing flaw height. In addition, an analysis on how beam spread leads to flaw sizing inaccuracies was also conducted as part of this work.
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Yang, Shao. Calibration service for instruments that measure laser beam diameter. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.250-87.

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Sagi, Luciana. Caderno didático: caminhando para a resiliência no turismo: gestão de crises e desastres. Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004999.

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O caderno apresenta um panorama geral de como a gesto de crises e desastres no turismo brasileiro se deu até 2020 e indica caminhos que podem conduzir os destinos turísticos rumo à maior resiliência. Inclui algumas ferramentas, instrumentos e exemplos que poderão orientar a definição de planos, medidas e ações voltadas para aprimorar o processo de gesto de crises e desastres no setor. A publicação tem como objetivo ampliar o conhecimento básico sobre a temática e compartilhar referências internacionais relacionadas com o turismo - tanto conceituais, quanto estudos de caso de sucesso - que muitas vezes estão bem documentadas em idioma inglês, mas no estão facilmente acessíveis para a leitura em português.
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Maletta, Giovanna, and Lauriane Héau. Funding Arms Transfers through the European Peace Facility: Preventing Risks of Diversion and Misuse. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/oelz9733.

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Since it was established in March 2021, the European Peace Facility (EPF) has become the main source of funding for European Union (EU) external actions in the field of crisis management and conflict prevention with defence and military implications. These include initiatives such as EU military missions, support to military peace operations led by other actors and assistance to strengthen third states’ military capacities. In addition, through the EPF, EU security assistance can also fund, for the first time, the supply of lethal military equipment and, thus, weapons. Arms transfers to countries that are affected by crises and conflict bear higher risks that the weapons provided may be misused or diverted to unauthorized end-users. Considering the contexts in which the EPF is already or will likely be funding the provision of weapons, these risks are particularly tangible. The EU and its member states have instruments and expertise at their disposal that they should use to minimize the potential negative consequences generated by using the EPF for addressing partners’ security needs. These include preventing overlaps in establishing relevant controls, including post-shipment controls, and coordinating EPF actions with assistance in the field of arms transfer and small arms and light weapons controls.
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Lever, James, Emily Asenath-Smith, Susan Taylor, and Austin Lines. Assessing the mechanisms thought to govern ice and snow friction and their interplay with substrate brittle behavior. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/1168142742.

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Sliding friction on ice and snow is characteristically low at temperatures common on Earth’s surface. This slipperiness underlies efficient sleds, winter sports, and the need for specialized tires. Friction can also play micro-mechanical role affecting ice compressive and crushing strengths. Researchers have proposed several mechanisms thought to govern ice and snow friction, but directly validating the underlying mechanics has been difficult. This may be changing, as instruments capable of micro-scale measurements and imaging are now being brought to bear on friction studies. Nevertheless, given the broad regimes of practical interest (interaction length, temperature, speed, pressure, slider properties, etc.), it may be unrealistic to expect that a single mechanism accounts for why ice and snow are slippery. Because bulk ice, and the ice grains that constitute snow, are solids near their melting point at terrestrial temperatures, most research has focused on whether a lubricating water film forms at the interface with a slider. However, ice is extremely brittle, and dry-contact abrasion and wear at the front of sliders could prevent or delay a transition to lubricated contact. Also, water is a poor lubricant, and lubricating films thick enough to separate surface asperities may not form for many systems of interest. This article aims to assess our knowledge of the mechanics underlying ice and snow friction.
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Amirav, Aviv, and Steven Lehotay. Fast Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695851.bard.

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The overall theme of this project was to increase the speed of analysis for monitoring pesticide residues in food. Traditionally, analytical methods for multiple pesticides are time-consuming, expensive, laborious, wasteful, and ineffective to meet critical needs related to food safety. Faster and better methods were needed to provide more cost-effective detection of chemical contaminants, and thus provide a variety of benefits to agriculture. This overarching goal to speed and improve pesticide analysis was successfully accomplished even beyond what was originally proposed by the investigators in 1998. At that time, the main objectives of this project were: 1) to further develop a direct sample introduction (DSI) device that enables fast sampling and introduction of blended-only agricultural products for analysis by gas chromatography (GC); 2) to evaluate, establish, and further develop the method of simultaneous pulsed flame photometric detector (PFPD) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection for enhanced pesticide identification capabilities; and 3) to develop a new and novel MS pesticide analysis method, based on the use of supersonic molecular beams (SMB) for sampling and ionization. The first and third objectives were successfully accomplished as proposed, and the feasibility of the second objective was already demonstrated. The capabilities of the GC/SMB-MS approach alone were so useful for pesticide analysis that the simultaneous use of a PFPD was considered superfluous. Instead, the PFPD was investigated in combination with an electron-capture detector for low-cost, simultaneous analysis of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in fatty foods. Three important, novel research projects not originally described in the proposal were also accomplished: 1) development of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method for pesticides in foods; 2) development and optimization of a method using low-pressure (LP) GC/MS to speed pesticide residue analysis; and 3) innovative application of analyte protectants to improve the GC analysis of important problematic pesticides. All of the accomplishments from this project are expected to have strong impact to the analytical community and implications to agriculture and food safety. For one, an automated DSI approach has become commercially available in combination with GC/MS for the analysis of pesticide residues. Meanwhile, the PFPD has become the selective detector of choice for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides. Great strides were made in SMB-MS through the manufacture of a prototype "Supersonic GC/MS" instrument, which displayed many advantages over commercial GC/MS instruments. Most notably, the QuEChERS method is already being disseminated to routine monitoring labs and has shown great promise to improve pesticide analytical capabilities and increase lab productivity. The implications of these developments to agriculture will be to increase the percentage of food monitored and the scope of residues detected in the food, which will serve to improve food safety. Developed and developing countries alike will be able to use these methods to lower costs and improve results, thus imported/exported food products will have better quality without affecting price or availability. This will help increase trade between nations and mitigate certain disputes over residue levels in imported foods. The improved enforcement of permissible residue levels provided by these methods will have the effect to promote good agricultural practices among previously obstinate farmers who felt no repercussions from illegal or harmful practices. Furthermore, the methods developed can be used in the field to analyze samples quickly and effectively, or to screen for high levels of dangerous chemicals that may intentionally or accidentally appear in the food supply.
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Rui, Taniele, and Mauricio Fiore, eds. Working Paper Series: Comunidades Terapêuticas no Brasil. Drugs, Security and Democracy Program, Social Science Research Council, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35650/ssrc.2082.d.2021.

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Espalhadas pelo Brasil e atingindo força política inédita, as comunidades terapêuticas são tão inescapáveis do debate sobre políticas de drogas quanto complexas em sua definição. Embora não sejam uma criação brasileira, elas operam nesse país há algumas décadas, sendo que sua disseminação se intensificou nos anos 1990. Em 2011, elas foram incorporadas oficialmente à Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) brasileira. Desde então, as comunidades terapêuticas estão no centro de debates públicos sobre sua regulamentação; sobre como devem – ou mesmo se devem – ser caracterizadas no sistema de saúde; sobre o nível de supervisão a que devem ser submetidas; sobre suas fontes de financiamento, particularmente se devem ou não ter acesso a financiamento público; e, mais importante, sobre a qualidade dos serviços que oferecem e as várias denuncias de violações de direito existentes. No entanto, um debate público bem informado só pode florescer se as informações disponíveis forem baseadas em evidências. O programa Drugs, Security and Democracy to SSRC preocupa com a relevância dos projetos de pesquisa que apoia e o debate em torno das comunidades terapêuticas no Brasil aponta para uma clara necessidade de pesquisas imparciais que abordem diferentes aspectos transversais deste tópico em suas várias dimensões: jurídica, regulatória, sanitária e de observância dos direitos humanos, entre outros. É nesse contexto que publicamos esta working paper series sobre comunidades terapêuticas no Brasil. Os oito artigos que compõem esta série oferecem uma visão multidisciplinar sobre o tema, expandindo e aprofundando a literatura existente e oferecendo contribuições contundentes para uma análise substantiva das comunidades terapêuticas como instrumentos de politica pública. Embora possam ser lidos separadamente, é como conjunto que a força dos oito artigos que compõem esta série se torna mais evidente. Mesmo que ofereçam perspectivas diversas, são trabalhos complementares— e já essenciais— na delineação e compreensão do fenômeno das comunidades terapêuticas no Brasil.
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Promoção dos direitos de participação das crianças em educação de infância: Instrumento de autoavaliação para profissionais. 2019-1-PT01-KA202-060950: Professional Development Tools Supporting Participation Rights in Early Childhood Education, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisparticipa.sat04.2022.03.

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O instrumento de autoavaliação foi desenvolvido para apoiar profissionais de educação de infância na melhoria das práticas de participação, utilizando os recursos do jardim de infância. A participação é definida como o direito das crianças a envolverem-se em todos os assuntos que as afetam, a expressarem livremente as suas opiniões e a serem respeitadas e tidas em conta na tomada de decisões (em conformidade com a Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre os Direitos da Criança de 1989). O instrumento inclui três versões, tendo em conta o trabalho específico dos auxiliares/assistentes operacionais, educadores e coordenadores de jardins de infância. A conceptualização da participação das crianças é baseada no modelo de Lundy (Lundy, 2007). O instrumento pode ser utilizado individualmente, pelos profissionais, bem como equipas de profissionais
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