Relevant bibliographies by topics / Beam characteristics

Academic literature on the topic 'Beam characteristics'

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Published: 10 March 2023
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Beam characteristics"

1

HUANG, C. W., and Y. H. SU. "DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PARTIAL COMPOSITE BEAMS." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 08, no. 04 (December 2008): 665–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455408002946.

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This paper is concerned with the dynamic characteristics of composite beams with partial shear connections. The governing equations of motion for partial composite beams are derived from the one-dimensional partial composite beam theory. By solving the corresponding characteristic equation, the natural frequencies and modal shapes for simple partial composite beams are obtained. The orthogonality condition between the natural modes is utilized to decouple the equations of motion. Closed-form solution for the simple partial composite beam subjected to a moving load is derived by the modal superposition method. Key parameters that govern the fundamental frequency and deflection impact factor of simple partial composite beams are identified. Numerical results show that the former is controlled by the composite connection and section combination parameters, and the latter by the fundamental frequency ratio. It was observed that the time-history response of a partial composite beam may differ significantly from that of a full composite beam in terms of amplitude, period, and overall shape, depending on the composition connection.
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Rahman, M. A., M. Jahangir Alam, and M. Akhtaruzzaman. "Characteristics Analysis of High Energy External Radiotherapy Beams in Water." Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/mjmbr.v5i1.450.

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High energy external radiotherapy beam is being used widely for cancer treatment. Biological effect of radiation is concerned with the evaluation of energy absorbed in the tissue. The study of photon and electron beam characteristics is necessary before calibration machine. The aim of this study was to analysis characteristics of depth dose of different energy beams in water to enhance the quality of the radiotherapy treatment planning. Beam is attenuated by the medium and the transmitted beam with less intensity causes lesser absorbed dose as the depth increases. Relative attenuation on certain points on the beam axis and certain percentage of doses on different depths for 4-15 MV photon beams and 4-18 MeV electron beams have been investigated. Depth dose characteristics of the beams do not show identical attributes as interaction of the beams with matters is mainly governed by beam quality. Attenuation and penetration parameters show variation with dosimetric parameters like field size due to scattering and source to surface distance due to inverse square law but the major parameter in interaction is energy. Detailed analysis of the beam characteristics helps to select appropriate beam for radiotherapy treatment when variety of beam energies available and hence to increase accuracy in radiotherapy treatment.
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Chen, Y. H., and J. T. Sheu. "Dynamic Characteristics of Layered Beam with Flexible Core." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 116, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930435.

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This paper presents an analytical theory to define the dynamic characteristics of a layered beam which is composed of two parallel beams of uniform properties with a flexible core in-between. This flexible core may be made of a kind of viscoelastic material in order to achieve a high shock-absorbing performance. The dynamic interactions between these two parallel beams are especially studied. The dynamic shape functions and the dynamic stiffness matrix of a layered-beam element are established based on the analytical model of two parallel damped Timoshenko beams, connected to each other by the vertical springs and dashpots uniformly distributed along the beam length. Some simple layered beams are employed as the application examples for demonstrations and discussions.
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Awtar, Shorya, Alexander H. Slocum, and Edip Sevincer. "Characteristics of Beam-Based Flexure Modules." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 6 (May 29, 2006): 625–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2717231.

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The beam flexure is an important constraint element in flexure mechanism design. Nonlinearities arising from the force equilibrium conditions in a beam significantly affect its properties as a constraint element. Consequently, beam-based flexure mechanisms suffer from performance tradeoffs in terms of motion range, accuracy and stiffness, while benefiting from elastic averaging. This paper presents simple yet accurate approximations that capture the effects of load-stiffening and elastokinematic nonlinearities in beams. A general analytical framework is developed that enables a designer to parametrically predict the performance characteristics such as mobility, over-constraint, stiffness variation, and error motions, of beam-based flexure mechanisms without resorting to tedious numerical or computational methods. To illustrate their effectiveness, these approximations and analysis approach are used in deriving the force–displacement relationships of several important beam-based flexure constraint modules, and the results are validated using finite element analysis. Effects of variations in shape and geometry are also analytically quantified.
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Xie, Yanchen, Xizheng Ke, Ke Dong, Jingyuan Liang, and Wenbo Fan. "Analysis on the characteristics of vortex beam in field turbulence." Laser Physics 32, no. 10 (September 19, 2022): 105402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/ac8fe6.

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Abstract In this study, we have investigated the propagation characteristics of single-mode Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beams under field atmospheric turbulence conditions. We constructed a 1200 meter experimental platform for representing vortex beams in the field. Accordingly, we analyzed the spot changes in an LG beam after transmitted through atmospheric turbulence. Based on the principle of Fresnel diffraction and the random phase screen method, we studied the evolution and spiral spectrum distribution of low-order LG beams transmitted by atmospheric turbulence by numerical simulation. Moreover, we carried out an experimental study regarding the LG beam propagation characteristics mainly based on field experiments. The experimental results indicate that after near-surface turbulent propagation, the LG beam gradually spreads, degree of phase singularity drift becomes larger, and spot size of the Gaussian beam grows faster than that of the LG beam with greater propagation distances. Finally, we concluded that LG beams are not significantly affected by turbulence. It also lays a foundation for the experimental study of vortex beam detection and wavefront correction at the receiving end in multiplexing communication.
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Li Binzhong, 李宾中, and 吕百达 Lü Baida. "Beam Combination Characteristics of Partially Coherent Beams." Chinese Journal of Lasers 36, no. 9 (2009): 2337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl20093609.2337.

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Carey, W. M., and N. Yen. "Beam Noise Characteristics." IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 30, no. 2 (April 2005): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/joe.2004.841393.

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Mijnheer, B. J., L. J. Goodman, E. J. Hall, H. G. Menzel, C. J. Parnell, J. Rassow, and P. Wootton. "4. Beam Characteristics." Reports of the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements os-23, no. 2 (November 1989): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicru_os23.2.40.

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Mijnheer, B. J., L. J. Goodman, E. J. Hall, H. G. Menzel, C. J. Parnell, J. Rassow, and P. Wootton. "4. Beam Characteristics." Journal of the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements os23, no. 2 (November 15, 1989): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicru/os23.2.40.

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XIE, Hao, Xiaotong SUN, Yanqing MEN, Yongliang HUANG, and Yuxin CAO. "Study on failure mechanism of reinforced concrete beam based on cohesive zone model." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 40, no. 1 (February 2022): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20224010175.

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The problem of crack propagation in reinforced concrete beams is common in practical engineering. It is very important to correctly describe the law of crack propagation, the mechanism of fracture failure and the internal stress and deformation characteristics of the beams. Based on cohesive zone mode, the mechanical mechanism of fracture failure of 3D reinforced concrete beams under external load is studied in this paper. By comparing the numerical simulation with the experimental results of the reinforced concrete beam, the crack distribution, expansion law and failure mode of the reinforced concrete beam under the conditions of different reinforcement ratio and spiral stirrup inclination angle are investigated. The results show that: ①a small amount of reinforcement and a superfluous amount of reinforcement will make the reinforced concrete beam show the characteristics of brittle failure, while the moderate reinforcement ratio can give full play to the ductility of the reinforced concrete beam, which is easier to bear the load of the beam; ②when the inclination angle of spiral stirrup is about 80°, the bearing capacity of normal section and oblique section of the beam reach the maximum value.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Beam characteristics"

1

Bor, Sheau-Shong. "Phase conjugation characteristics of Gaussian beam /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487262825076392.

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Mourka, Areti. "Probing the modal characteristics of novel beam shapes." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4287.

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In this thesis, an investigation into the modal characteristics of novel beam shapes is presented. Sculpting the phase profile of a Gaussian beam can result in the generation of a beam with unique properties. Described in this thesis are Laguerre-Gaussian (LG), Hermite-Gaussian (HG) and Bessel beams (BBs). The diffraction of LG beam modes from a triangular aperture is explored and this effect can be used for the efficient measurement of the azimuthal mode index l that indicates the number of multiples of 2π of phase changes that the field displays around one circumference of the optical axis. In this study, only LG beams with zero radial mode index p, with p + 1 denoting the number of bright high intensity concentric rings around the optical axis, were considered. Then, a powerful approach to simultaneously determine both mode indices of a pure LG beam using the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm on the observed far-field diffraction patterns was demonstrated. Owing to PCA algorithm, the shape of the diffracting element used to measure the mode indices is in fact of little importance and the crucial step is ‘training' any diffracting optical system and transforming the observed far-field diffraction patterns into the uncorrelated variables (principal components). Our PCA method is generic and it was extended to other families of light fields such as HG, Bessel and superposed beams. This reinforces the widespread applicability of this method for various applications. Finally, both theoretically and experimentally investigations using interferometry show the definitive linkage between both the radial and azimuthal mode indices of a partially coherent LG beam and the dislocation rings in the far-field cross-correlation function (CCF).
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Leong, Mun-Foo. "MOMENT-ROTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF BEAM-TO-COLUMN CONNECTIONS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275028.

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Salzmann, Angela, and n/a. "Damping Characteristics of Reinforced and Prestressed Normal- and High-Strength Concrete Beams." Griffith University. School of Engineering, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040430.133844.

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In the last few decades there has been a significant increase in the design strength and performance of different building materials. In particular, new methods, materials and admixtures for the production of concrete have allowed for strengths as high as 100 MPa to be readily available. In addition, the standard manufactured yield strength of reinforcing steel in Australia has increased from 400 MPa to 500 MPa. A perceived design advantage of higher-strength materials is that structural elements can have longer spans and be more slender than previously possible. An emerging problem with slender concrete members is that they can be more vulnerable to loading induced vibration. The damping capacity is an inherent fundamental quantity of all structural concrete members that affects their vibrational response. It is defined as the rate at which a structural member can dissipate the vibrational energy imparted to it. Generally damping capacity measurements, to indicate the integrity of structural members, are taken once the structure is in service. This type of non-destructive testing has been the subject of much research. The published non-destructive testing research on damping capacity is conflicting and a unified method to describe the effect of damage on damping capacity has not yet been proposed. Significantly, there is not one method in the published literature or national design codes, including the Australian Standard AS 3600-2001, available to predict the damping capacity of concrete beam members at the design stage. Further, little research has implemented full-scale testing with a view to developing damping capacity design equations, which is the primary focus of this thesis. To examine the full-range damping behaviour of concrete beams, two categories of testing were proposed. The categories are the 'untested' and 'tested' beam states. These beam states have not been separately investigated in previous work and are considered a major shortcoming of previous research on the damping behaviour of concrete beams. An extensive experimental programme was undertaken to obtain residual deflection and damping capacity data for thirty-one reinforced and ten prestressed concrete beams. The concrete beams had compressive strengths ranging between 23.1 MPa and 90.7 MPa, reinforcement with yield strengths of 400 MPa or 500 MPa, and tensile reinforcement ratios between 0.76% and 2.90%. The full- and half-scale beams tested had lengths of 6.0 m and 2.4 m, respectively. The testing regime consisted of a series of on-off load increments, increasing until failure, designed to induce residual deflections with increasing amounts of internal damage at which damping capacity (logarithmic decrement) was measured. The inconsistencies that were found between the experimental damping capacity of the beams and previous research prompted an initial investigation into the data obtained. It was found that the discrepancies were due to the various interpretations of the method used to extract damping capacity from the free-vibration decay curve. Therefore, a logarithmic decrement calculation method was proposed to ensure consistency and accuracy of the extracted damping capacity data to be used in the subsequent analytical research phase. The experimental test data confirmed that the 'untested' damping capacity of reinforced concrete beams is dependent upon the beam reinforcement ratio and distribution. This quantity was termed the total longitudinal reinforcement distribution. For the prestressed concrete beams, the 'untested' damping capacity was shown to be proportional to the product of the prestressing force and prestressing eccentricity. Separate 'untested' damping capacity equations for reinforced and prestressed concrete beams were developed to reflect these quantities. To account for the variation in damping capacity due to damage in 'tested' beams, a residual deflection mechanism was utilised. The proposed residual deflection mechanism estimates the magnitude of permanent deformation in the beam and attempts to overcome traditional difficulties in calculating the damping capacity during low loading levels. Residual deflection equations, based on the instantaneous deflection data for the current experimental programme, were proposed for both the reinforced and prestressed concrete beams, which in turn were utilised with the proposed 'untested' damping equation to calculate the total damping capacity. The proposed 'untested' damping, residual deflection and total damping capacity equations were compared to published test data and an additional series of test beams. These verification investigations have shown that the proposed equations are reliable and applicable for a range of beam designs, test setups, constituent materials and loading regimes.
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Salzmann, Angela. "Damping Characteristics of Reinforced and Prestressed Normal- and High-Strength Concrete Beams." Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366888.

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In the last few decades there has been a significant increase in the design strength and performance of different building materials. In particular, new methods, materials and admixtures for the production of concrete have allowed for strengths as high as 100 MPa to be readily available. In addition, the standard manufactured yield strength of reinforcing steel in Australia has increased from 400 MPa to 500 MPa. A perceived design advantage of higher-strength materials is that structural elements can have longer spans and be more slender than previously possible. An emerging problem with slender concrete members is that they can be more vulnerable to loading induced vibration. The damping capacity is an inherent fundamental quantity of all structural concrete members that affects their vibrational response. It is defined as the rate at which a structural member can dissipate the vibrational energy imparted to it. Generally damping capacity measurements, to indicate the integrity of structural members, are taken once the structure is in service. This type of non-destructive testing has been the subject of much research. The published non-destructive testing research on damping capacity is conflicting and a unified method to describe the effect of damage on damping capacity has not yet been proposed. Significantly, there is not one method in the published literature or national design codes, including the Australian Standard AS 3600-2001, available to predict the damping capacity of concrete beam members at the design stage. Further, little research has implemented full-scale testing with a view to developing damping capacity design equations, which is the primary focus of this thesis. To examine the full-range damping behaviour of concrete beams, two categories of testing were proposed. The categories are the 'untested' and 'tested' beam states. These beam states have not been separately investigated in previous work and are considered a major shortcoming of previous research on the damping behaviour of concrete beams. An extensive experimental programme was undertaken to obtain residual deflection and damping capacity data for thirty-one reinforced and ten prestressed concrete beams. The concrete beams had compressive strengths ranging between 23.1 MPa and 90.7 MPa, reinforcement with yield strengths of 400 MPa or 500 MPa, and tensile reinforcement ratios between 0.76% and 2.90%. The full- and half-scale beams tested had lengths of 6.0 m and 2.4 m, respectively. The testing regime consisted of a series of on-off load increments, increasing until failure, designed to induce residual deflections with increasing amounts of internal damage at which damping capacity (logarithmic decrement) was measured. The inconsistencies that were found between the experimental damping capacity of the beams and previous research prompted an initial investigation into the data obtained. It was found that the discrepancies were due to the various interpretations of the method used to extract damping capacity from the free-vibration decay curve. Therefore, a logarithmic decrement calculation method was proposed to ensure consistency and accuracy of the extracted damping capacity data to be used in the subsequent analytical research phase. The experimental test data confirmed that the 'untested' damping capacity of reinforced concrete beams is dependent upon the beam reinforcement ratio and distribution. This quantity was termed the total longitudinal reinforcement distribution. For the prestressed concrete beams, the 'untested' damping capacity was shown to be proportional to the product of the prestressing force and prestressing eccentricity. Separate 'untested' damping capacity equations for reinforced and prestressed concrete beams were developed to reflect these quantities. To account for the variation in damping capacity due to damage in 'tested' beams, a residual deflection mechanism was utilised. The proposed residual deflection mechanism estimates the magnitude of permanent deformation in the beam and attempts to overcome traditional difficulties in calculating the damping capacity during low loading levels. Residual deflection equations, based on the instantaneous deflection data for the current experimental programme, were proposed for both the reinforced and prestressed concrete beams, which in turn were utilised with the proposed 'untested' damping equation to calculate the total damping capacity. The proposed 'untested' damping, residual deflection and total damping capacity equations were compared to published test data and an additional series of test beams. These verification investigations have shown that the proposed equations are reliable and applicable for a range of beam designs, test setups, constituent materials and loading regimes.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Engineering
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Jackson, Rahsean LaNaul. "Vibration and Flexural Strength Characteristics of Composite Castellated Beams." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31242.

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With the development of lightweight concrete and design optimizations, floor vibration problems are becoming a serious serviceability problem. The castellated beam is a prime example and was the focus of this study. The vibration and flexural strength performance were verified in this paper.

The vibration characteristics of castellated beams were examined using experimental and analytical test methods. The effective moment of inertia is essential to accurately predict the frequency and deflection of a floor system due to human occupancy. Since castellated beams have non-prismatic cross-sections, their effective moment of inertia is an uncertainty and was verified in this study. This paper confirmed the accuracy of the AISC Design Guide procedures used in for prismatic beam, when applied to castellated beams.

The flexural strength of various composite castellated beam were studied. Three full-scale specimens were tested to failure to evaluate their yield and maximum applied load. Each specimensâ moment strength was verified based on span, beam properties, concrete slab, and amount of shear connection.
Master of Science

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Ribton, Colin Nigel. "Development of an electron gun design optimisation methodology." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15629.

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The design of high quality electron generators to meet specific requirements is important in the application of these devices to a variety of materials processing systems (including welding, cutting and additive manufacture), X-ray tubes for medical, scientific and industrial applications, microscopy and lithography. Designs can be analysed by field solvers, and electron trajectories plotted to provide an indication of the beam quality. Incremental improvement of designs has normally been executed by trial and error, and this can be a time consuming activity requiring expert intervention for each iteration of the design process. The unique contribution made to knowledge by this work is the application of optimisation techniques to the design of electron guns to produce beams with the required optical properties. This thesis presents a review of the design of electron guns, including a discussion of thermionic cathode material properties and their suitability for use in electron guns for processing materials, the influence of space-charge on gun design and the derivation of salient beam metrics to characterise the beam. Beam quality metrics have been developed that allow quantification of electron beam characteristics, allowing objectives to be set for the optimisation process. Additionally, a method is presented that enables real world measurements to be directly compared with modelled beams. Various optimisation methods are reviewed. A genetic algorithm was selected, which would use gun modelling and beam characterisation calculations as the objective function, as a suitable method for application to this problem. However, it was recognised that selections for the best evolutionary parameters, the population size, number of parents, the mutation rate and mutation scale, were not readily determined from published work. An investigation is presented where a range of evolutionary parameters was tested for a set of geometrical problems, which had some similarity to electron gun design but could be computed sufficiently quickly to enable an extensive survey, and the most efficient combination of parameters was identified. Detail is given of the customisation of a genetic evolutionary optimisation method for the design of electron guns. Examples are presented of electron gun design optimisation processes to meet specified beam requirements within defined geometric and electrical constraints. The results of this work show that optimum evolutionary parameter settings for the geometric problem vary with the complexity of the problem and trends have been identified. Application of these parameters to an electron gun optimisation has been successful. The derived beam parameter metrics have been applied to electron guns as an objective function. Comparisons of modelled predictions of the beam characteristics with the measured real world values have been shown to be reasonable.
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French, Vandy. "Moment - Rotation characteristics of boltedc beam - to - column aluminium connections." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5046.

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Structural aluminum provides a unique option to engineers by virtue of both its unique strength to weight ratio and its well known corrosion resistance properties. The development of the Eurocode 9 provides an insight to the design of aluminum structures based on results from various researchers worldwide. However the area of connections remains very sparse with regards to research material as compared to steel as provided by Eurocode 3 part 1-8. This work involves the analysis of the performance of aluminum end plate beam column connections with regards moment rotation behavior as well as the main connection classification criteria, strength, stiffness and ductility. A parametric study is done with the use of the non- linear finite elements program ADINA in which the effects of connection geometry is observed under incremental loading.
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Hochanadel, Joris Erich. "Effect of Beam Characteristics and Process Parameters on the Penetration and Microstructure of Laser and Electron Beam Welds in Stainless Steel and Titanium." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu160503470688313.

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Flampouri, Styliani. "Optimisation of megavoltage beam and detector characteristics for portal imaging in radiotherapy." Thesis, Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408859.

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Books on the topic "Beam characteristics"

1

E, Sherstobitov Vladimir, and Soms L. N, eds. Control of laser beam characteristics and nonlinear methods for wavefront control: Laser Optics 2000 : 26-30 June, 2000, St. Petersburg, Russia. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2001.

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Townsend, John S. Dynamic characteristics of a vibrating beam with periodic variation in bending stiffness. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1987.

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BEAM--Building European Identity Through Spirit, Sense and Meaning. Baltmannsweiler: Schneider Verlag Hohengehren GmbH, 2013.

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Schroeder, Dana L. Ferruleless coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube cold-test characteristics simulated with micro-SOS. Cleveland, Ohio: Lewis Research Center, 1993.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Program., ed. Ferruleless coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube cold-test characteristics simulated with micro-SOS. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1993.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Program., ed. Ferruleless coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube cold-test characteristics simulated with micro-SOS. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1993.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Program., ed. Ferruleless coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube cold-test characteristics simulated with micro-SOS. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1993.

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Pyatakhin, M. V. Spatiotemporal characteristics of laser emission. Commack, N.Y: Nova Science Pub., 1994.

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Marseille, Jacques. C'est beau la France: Pour en finir avec le masochisme français. Paris: Plon, 1993.

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Outlaw, George S. Flood-frequency and detention-storage characteristics of Bear Branch watershed, Murfreesboro, Tennessee. Nashville, Tenn: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Beam characteristics"

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Takei, Hideyuki. "Physical Characteristics of Proton Beams." In Proton Beam Radiotherapy, 37–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7454-8_4.

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Herman, Marian A., and Helmut Sitter. "Material-Related Growth Characteristics in MBE." In Molecular Beam Epitaxy, 327–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80060-3_7.

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Herman, Marian A., and Helmut Sitter. "Material-Related Growth Characteristics in MBE." In Molecular Beam Epitaxy, 278–340. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97098-6_7.

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Aichinger, Horst, Joachim Dierker, Sigrid Joite-Barfuß, and Manfred Säbel. "Characteristics of the Primary Radiation Beam." In Radiation Exposure and Image Quality in X-Ray Diagnostic Radiology, 199–256. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11241-6_15.

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Haas, Olivier Cyrille Louis. "Beam Characteristics and Preliminary Modelling Considerations." In Radiotherapy Treatment Planning, 33–58. London: Springer London, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0821-4_2.

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Aichinger, Horst, Joachim Dierker, Sigrid Joite-Barfuß, and Manfred Säbel. "Characteristics of the Primary Radiation Beam." In Radiation Exposure and Image Quality in X-Ray Diagnostic Radiology, 143–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09654-3_14.

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Wood, Colin E. C. "Dopant Incorporation, Characteristics, and Behavior." In The Technology and Physics of Molecular Beam Epitaxy, 61–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5364-3_4.

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Wood, Colin E. C. "Molecular Beam Epitaxial Iii–V Compounds: Dopant Incorporation, Characteristics And Behavior*." In Molecular Beam Epitaxy and Heterostructures, 149–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5073-3_5.

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Xu, Zhi-wei, Li-xia Lin, Nan-hong Ding, and Lei Chen. "The External Prestress Effect of Curved Tendons on the Natural Vibration Characteristics of Steel Beams." In Advances in Frontier Research on Engineering Structures, 517–26. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8657-4_46.

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AbstractIn order to explore the external prestress effect of the curved tendons on the stiffness and natural vibration characteristics of the steel beam, this paper deduced the calculation equation of the natural frequency on the external prestressed simply supported steel beam of the curved arrangement, which was based on the Hamilton principle. The natural frequency is calculated by combining the example of I-shaped simply supported steel beam, which was analyzed and verified by establishing the finite element model. The results show that: the calculation of the equation is well demonstrated by the finite element results, and the validity of model equation was verified. When the applied prestress increases, the natural vibration frequency decreases and the change range is not large, which indicates that the magnitude of the prestress has little effect on the natural frequency of simply supported steel beams.
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Engemann, J., G. Fedosenko, V. Raiko, and D. Theirich. "Field Emission Characteristics of Thin MPCVD Diamond Films." In Advanced Technologies Based on Wave and Beam Generated Plasmas, 479–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0633-9_25.

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Conference papers on the topic "Beam characteristics"

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Harrison, Justin, Darryl Naidoo, and Andrew Forbes. "Determination of amplification characteristics in end-pumped solid-state amplifiers." In Laser Beam Shaping XXI, edited by Angela Dudley and Alexander V. Laskin. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2595121.

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Uhlmann, M., J. S. Tanner, and G. Albarel. "Design characteristics of the AMSAR airborne phased array antenna." In IEE Colloquium Electronic Beam Steering. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19980870.

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O'Dea, Brendan, Roger L. Farrow, Brian Victor, Juan Lugo, Ryan Hawke, Ken Gross, Aaron Hodges, et al. "Variable beam high power fiber laser with optimized beam characteristics for metal cutting." In Laser Beam Shaping XIX, edited by Angela Dudley and Alexander V. Laskin. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2528809.

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Eppich, B., and H. Weber. "Beam Quality Characteristics of Solid State Lasers." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cwi2.

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The output of high average power lasers, especially solid state lasers, constists of many coherent modes, fluctuating in time and space. Easily to detect is only the time averaged intensity J(x,y) = <E(x,y) E*(x,y)>. With knowlodge of J(x,y) alone it is not possible to predict the propagation of such beams. On the other hand for beam transportation and beam application at least the transverse beam diameter is required. In a first approach the diameter and its propagation through ABCD-optics can be calculated from the 10 second order moments of the beam But for all technical applications the power content values are of major interest, and there is no close relation to the second order moments.
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Isarie, Claudiu, and Ilie Isarie. "High-power laser-beam characteristics." In Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering, edited by Alexis V. Kudryashov. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.529464.

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BAIER, V. N., and V. M. KATKOV. "INTEGRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BREMSSTRAHLUNG AND PAIR PHOTOPRODUCTION IN A MEDIUM." In 18th Advanced ICFA Beam Dynamics Workshop. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812777447_0034.

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Zhao, Yanzhong, Congmiao Shan, Yonghui Zheng, Laixian Zhang, and Huayan Sun. "Analytical beam-width characteristics of distorted cat-eye reflected beam." In International Symposium on Precision Engineering Measurement and Instrumentation, edited by Junning Cui, Jiubin Tan, and Xianfang Wen. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2181205.

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Sun, Chuang, Licheng Sun, Yamin Zheng, Shibing Lin, and Huang Lei. "Research on the characteristics, mechanism, and compensation method of the temperature-induced surface distortion of deformable mirrors." In Laser Beam Shaping XIX, edited by Angela Dudley and Alexander V. Laskin. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2525360.

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Shibue, Hideaki, and Devesh Srivastava. "Elastokinematic Characteristics of Torsion Beam Suspensions." In SAE 2015 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-1497.

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"Propagation characteristics of premodulated electron beam." In 10th International Conference on Vacuum Microelectronics. IEEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivmc.1997.627413.

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Reports on the topic "Beam characteristics"

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Vixie, K. R., and G. L. Sandine. Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) Proton Beam Characteristics and Dynamics: A First Look. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/775868.

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Chang, J. J., C. D. Boley, W. A. Molander, B. E. Warner, and M. W. Martinez. Beam characteristics of a large-bore copper laser with a radiatively cooled plasma. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10167204.

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Jerng, D. W., and J. M. Carpenter. Heat generation and neutron beam characteristics in a high power pulsed spallation neutron source. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/396586.

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Chung, H. M., J. H. Park, J. Gazda, and D. L. Smith. Microstructural characteristics and mechanism of toughness improvement of laser and electron-beam welds of V-4Cr-4Ti following postwelding heat-treatment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/415826.

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Alchanatis, Victor, Stephen W. Searcy, Moshe Meron, W. Lee, G. Y. Li, and A. Ben Porath. Prediction of Nitrogen Stress Using Reflectance Techniques. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580664.bard.

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Commercial agriculture has come under increasing pressure to reduce nitrogen fertilizer inputs in order to minimize potential nonpoint source pollution of ground and surface waters. This has resulted in increased interest in site specific fertilizer management. One way to solve pollution problems would be to determine crop nutrient needs in real time, using remote detection, and regulating fertilizer dispensed by an applicator. By detecting actual plant needs, only the additional nitrogen necessary to optimize production would be supplied. This research aimed to develop techniques for real time assessment of nitrogen status of corn using a mobile sensor with the potential to regulate nitrogen application based on data from that sensor. Specifically, the research first attempted to determine the system parameters necessary to optimize reflectance spectra of corn plants as a function of growth stage, chlorophyll and nitrogen status. In addition to that, an adaptable, multispectral sensor and the signal processing algorithm to provide real time, in-field assessment of corn nitrogen status was developed. Spectral characteristics of corn leaves reflectance were investigated in order to estimate the nitrogen status of the plants, using a commercial laboratory spectrometer. Statistical models relating leaf N and reflectance spectra were developed for both greenhouse and field plots. A basis was established for assessing nitrogen status using spectral reflectance from plant canopies. The combined effect of variety and N treatment was studied by measuring the reflectance of three varieties of different leaf characteristic color and five different N treatments. The variety effect on the reflectance at 552 nm was not significant (a = 0.01), while canonical discriminant analysis showed promising results for distinguishing different variety and N treatment, using spectral reflectance. Ambient illumination was found inappropriate for reliable, one-beam spectral reflectance measurement of the plants canopy due to the strong spectral lines of sunlight. Therefore, artificial light was consequently used. For in-field N status measurement, a dark chamber was constructed, to include the sensor, along with artificial illumination. Two different approaches were tested (i) use of spatially scattered artificial light, and (ii) use of collimated artificial light beam. It was found that the collimated beam along with a proper design of the sensor-beam geometry yielded the best results in terms of reducing the noise due to variable background, and maintaining the same distance from the sensor to the sample point of the canopy. A multispectral sensor assembly, based on a linear variable filter was designed, constructed and tested. The sensor assembly combined two sensors to cover the range of 400 to 1100 nm, a mounting frame, and a field data acquisition system. Using the mobile dark chamber and the developed sensor, as well as an off-the-shelf sensor, in- field nitrogen status of the plants canopy was measured. Statistical analysis of the acquired in-field data showed that the nitrogen status of the com leaves can be predicted with a SEP (Standard Error of Prediction) of 0.27%. The stage of maturity of the crop affected the relationship between the reflectance spectrum and the nitrogen status of the leaves. Specifically, the best prediction results were obtained when a separate model was used for each maturity stage. In-field assessment of the nitrogen status of corn leaves was successfully carried out by non contact measurement of the reflectance spectrum. This technology is now mature to be incorporated in field implements for on-line control of fertilizer application.
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Zarillo, Gary, Sara Ramos, Kristopher Effinger, Kristen Becker, Irene Watts, Katherine Brutsché, Brian McFall, and Douglas Krafft. Evaluating cross-shore sediment grain size distribution, sediment transport, and morphological evolution of a nearshore berm at Fort Myers Beach, Florida. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43780.

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Navigation channels are periodically dredged to maintain safe depths. Dredged sediment was historically placed in upland management areas or in offshore disposal areas. Florida state law prohibits placement of beach fill sediment that contains more than 10% by weight of silt and clay, which is typically a characteristic of dredged material. An alternative is placement in a nearshore berm. Some potential benefits of nearshore berms include wave energy dissipation, reduced cost of dredging and shore protection, and possible onshore movement of the berm material. This study considers sediment distribution, morphological evolution, sediment transport, and shoreline trends along Fort Myers Beach, Florida, related to the nearshore berm constructed in August 2016. Due to timing of the field study, this report also includes information on the influence of a major hurricane that impacted the area. The overall conclusion of this study is that the dredge-sourced sediment in the berm performed as expected. Within 2 years, the berm adjusted to the shoreface environment, maintained a large part of its original volume, and contributed to protection of the beach and shoreline. The impact of Hurricane Irma included a shift in sediment textures and a large but temporary increase in shoreface sediment volumes.
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Einfeld, W. Glass bead size and morphology characteristics in support of Crystal Mist field experiments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/41392.

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Thomas, M. D. Magnetic and gravity characteristics of the Thelon and Taltson orogens, northern Canada: tectonic implications. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329250.

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Differences of opinion concerning the relationship between the Thelon tectonic zone and the Taltson magmatic zone, as to whether they are individual tectonic elements or two independent elements, have generated various plate tectonic models explaining their creation. Magnetic and gravity signatures indicate that they are separate entities and that the Thelon tectonic zone and the Great Slave Lake shear zone form a single element. Adopting the single-element concept and available age dates, a temporally evolving plate tectonic model of Slave-Rae interaction is presented. At 2350 Ma, an Archean supercontinent rifted along the eastern and southern margins of the Slave Craton. Subsequent ocean closure, apparently diachronous, began with subduction at 2070 Ma in the northern Thelon tectonic zone, followed by subduction under the Great Slave Lake shear zone at 2051 Ma. Subduction related to closure of an ocean between the Buffalo Head terrane and the Rae Craton initiated under the Taltson magmatic zone at 1986 Ma, at which time subduction continued along the Thelon tectonic zone. At 1970 Ma, collision in the northern Thelon tectonic zone is evidenced in the Kilohigok Basin. From 1957 to 1920 Ma, plutonism was active in the Taltson magmatic zone, Great Slave Lake shear zone, and southern Thelon tectonic zone. The plutonism terminated in the northern Thelon tectonic zone at 1950 Ma, but it resumed at 1910 Ma and continued until 1880 Ma. The East Arm Basin witnessed igneous activity as early as 2046 Ma, though this took place more continuously from 1928 to 1861 Ma; some igneous rocks bear subduction-related trace element signatures. These signatures, and the presence of northwest-verging nappes, may signify collision with the Great Slave Lake shear zone as a result of southeastward subduction, completing closure between the Slave and Rae cratons.
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Shumway, Dean A., Kimberly S. Corbin, Magdoleen H. Farah, Kelly E. Viola, Tarek Nayfeh, Samer Saadi, Vishal Shah, et al. Partial Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer259.

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Objectives. To evaluate the comparative effectiveness and harms of partial breast irradiation (PBI) compared with whole breast irradiation (WBI) for early-stage breast cancer, and how differences in effectiveness and harms may be influenced by patient, tumor, and treatment factors, including treatment modality, target volume, dose, and fractionation. We also evaluated the relative financial toxicity of PBI versus WBI. Data sources. MEDLINE®, Embase®, Cochrane Central Registrar of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and various grey literature sources from database inception to June 30, 2022. Review methods. We included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies that enrolled adult women with early-stage breast cancer who received one of six PBI modalities: multi-catheter interstitial brachytherapy, single-entry catheter brachytherapy (also known as intracavitary brachytherapy), 3-dimensional conformal external beam radiation therapy (3DCRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), proton radiation therapy, intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT). Pairs of independent reviewers screened and appraised studies. Results. Twenty-three original studies with 17,510 patients evaluated the comparative effectiveness of PBI, including 14 RCTs, 6 comparative observational studies, and 3 single-arm observational studies. PBI was not significantly different from WBI in terms of ipsilateral breast recurrence (IBR), overall survival, or cancer-free survival at 5 and 10 years (high strength of evidence [SOE]). Evidence for cosmetic outcomes was insufficient. Results were generally consistent when PBI modalities were compared with WBI, whether compared individually or combined. These PBI approaches included 3DCRT, IMRT, and multi-catheter interstitial brachytherapy. Compared with WBI, 3DCRT showed no difference in IBR, overall survival, or cancer-free survival at 5 and 10 years (moderate to high SOE); IMRT showed no difference in IBR or overall survival at 5 and 10 years (low SOE); multi-catheter interstitial brachytherapy showed no difference in IBR, overall survival, or cancer-free survival at 5 years (low SOE). Compared with WBI, IORT was associated with a higher IBR rate at 5, 10, and over 10 years (high SOE), with no difference in overall survival, cancer-free survival, or mastectomy-free survival (low to high SOE). There were significantly fewer acute adverse events (AEs) with PBI compared with WBI, with no apparent difference in late AEs (moderate SOE). Data about quality of life were limited. Head-to-head comparisons between the different PBI modalities showed insufficient evidence to estimate an effect on main outcomes. There were no significant differences in IBR or other outcomes according to patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics; however, data for subgroups were insufficient to draw conclusions. Eight studies addressed concepts closely related to financial toxicity. Compared with conventionally fractionated WBI, accelerated PBI was associated with lower transportation costs and days away from work. PBI was also associated with less subjective financial difficulty at various time points after radiotherapy. Conclusions. Clinical trials that compared PBI with WBI demonstrate no significant difference in the risk of IBR. PBI is associated with fewer acute AEs and may be associated with less financial toxicity. The current evidence supports the use of PBI in appropriately selected patients with early-stage breast cancer. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the outcomes of PBI in patients with various clinical and tumor characteristics, and to define optimal radiation treatment dose and technique for PBI.
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Journeay, M., J. Z. K. Yip, C. L. Wagner, P. LeSueur, and T. Hobbs. Social vulnerability to natural hazards in Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330295.

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While we are exposed to the physical effects of natural hazard processes, certain groups within a community often bear a disproportionate share of the negative consequences when a disaster strikes. This study addresses questions of why some places and population groups in Canada are more vulnerable to natural hazard processes than others, who is most likely to bear the greatest burden of risk within a given community or region, and what are the underlying factors that disproportionally affect the capacities of individuals and groups to withstand, cope with, and recover from the impacts and downstream consequences of a disaster. Our assessment of social vulnerability is based on principles and analytic methods established as part of the Hazards of Place model (Hewitt et al., 1971; Cutter, 1996), and a corresponding framework of indicators derived from demographic information compiled as part of the 2016 national census. Social determinants of hazard threat are evaluated in the context of backbone patterns that are associated with different types of human settlement (i.e., metropolitan, rural, and remote), and more detailed patterns of land use that reflect physical characteristics of the built environment and related functions that support the day-to-day needs of residents and businesses at the community level. Underlying factors that contribute to regional patterns of social vulnerability are evaluated through the lens of family structure and level of community connectedness (social capital); the ability of individuals and groups to take actions on their own to manage the outcomes of unexpected hazard events (autonomy); shelter conditions that will influence the relative degree of household displacement and reliance on emergency services (housing); and the economic means to sustain the requirements of day-to-day living (e.g., shelter, food, water, basic services) during periods of disruption that can affect employment and other sources of income (financial agency). Results of this study build on and contribute to ongoing research and development efforts within Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) to better understand the social and physical determinants of natural hazard risk in support of emergency management and broader dimensions of disaster resilience planning that are undertaken at a community level. Analytic methods and results described in this study are made available as part of an Open Source platform and provide a base of evidence that will be relevant to emergency planners, local authorities and supporting organizations responsible for managing the immediate physical impacts of natural hazard events in Canada, and planners responsible for the integration of disaster resilience principles into the broader context of sustainable land use and community development at the municipal level.
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