Journal articles on the topic 'Bead-based bioassay'

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1

Tripodi, Lisa, Karen Ven, Dries Kil, Iene Rutten, Robert Puers, and Jeroen Lammertyn. "Teflon-on-Glass Molding Enables High-Throughput Fabrication of Hydrophilic-in-Hydrophobic Microwells for Bead-Based Digital Bioassays." Materials 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 2154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112154.

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In recent years, Teflon-on-glass microwells have been successfully implemented in bead-based digital bioassays for the sensitive detection of single target molecules. Their hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic (HIH) nature enables the isolation and analysis of individual beads, carrying the target molecules, which can be further manipulated accurately through optical tweezer (OT) setups. However, these Teflon HIH-microwell platforms are conventionally fabricated through a complex, time-consuming and labor-intensive dry lift-off procedure which involves a series of major steps, limiting the up-scaling potential of these platforms. Alternative Teflon-based microwell fabrication methods have been extensively explored in literature but they preclude the generation of hydrophobic wells with hydrophilic bottom, thereby hampering the bioassay performance. Here, we present a new Teflon-on-glass molding method for the high throughput fabrication of hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic (HIH) microwell arrays, able to empower bead-based digital bioassays. Microwells 2.95 μm in depth and 3.86 μm in diameter were obtained to host individual beads. In these microwell arrays, sealing of reagents was demonstrated with an efficiency of 100% and seeding of superparamagnetic beads was achieved with an efficiency of 99.6%. The proposed method requires half as many steps when compared to the traditional dry lift-off process, is freely scalable and has the potential to be implemented in different bead-based bioassay applications.
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2

Bettazzi, Francesca, Ezat Hamid-Asl, Carla Lucia Esposito, Cristina Quintavalle, Nello Formisano, Serena Laschi, Silvia Catuogno, et al. "Electrochemical detection of miRNA-222 by use of a magnetic bead-based bioassay." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 405, no. 2-3 (October 26, 2012): 1025–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6476-7.

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3

Aytur, Turgut, Jonathan Foley, Mekhail Anwar, Bernhard Boser, Eva Harris, and P. Robert Beatty. "A novel magnetic bead bioassay platform using a microchip-based sensor for infectious disease diagnosis." Journal of Immunological Methods 314, no. 1-2 (July 2006): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2006.05.006.

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4

Azhar, Umar, Qazi Ahmed, Saira Ishaq, Zeyad T. Alwahabi, and Sheng Dai. "Exploring Sensitive Label-Free Multiplex Analysis with Raman-Coded Microbeads and SERS-Coded Reporters." Biosensors 12, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12020121.

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Suspension microsphere immunoassays are rapidly gaining attention in multiplex bioassays. Accurate detection of multiple analytes from a single measurement is critical in modern bioanalysis, which always requires complex encoding systems. In this study, a novel bioassay with Raman-coded antibody supports (polymer microbeads with different Raman signatures) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-coded nanotags (organic thiols on a gold nanoparticle surface with different SERS signatures) was developed as a model fluorescent, label-free, bead-based multiplex immunoassay system. The developed homogeneous immunoassays included two surface-functionalized monodisperse Raman-coded microbeads of polystyrene and poly(4-tert-butylstyrene) as the immune solid supports, and two epitope modified nanotags (self-assembled 4-mercaptobenzoic acid or 3-mercaptopropionic acid on gold nanoparticles) as the SERS-coded reporters. Such multiplex Raman/SERS-based microsphere immunoassays could selectively identify specific paratope–epitope interactions from one mixture sample solution under a single laser illumination, and thus hold great promise in future suspension multiplex analysis for diverse biomedical applications.
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5

Heade, Joanne, Fiona McCartney, Miguel Chenlo, Olga Moreno Marro, Maja Severic, Robert Kent, Sinead B. Bleiel, Clara V. Alvarez, Brendan T. Griffin, and David J. Brayden. "Synthesis and In Vivo Evaluation of Insulin-Loaded Whey Beads as an Oral Peptide Delivery System." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 5 (May 4, 2021): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13050656.

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For many diabetics, daily, lifelong insulin injections are required to effectively manage blood glucose levels and the complications associated with the disease. This can be a burden and reduces patient quality of life. Our goal was to develop a more convenient oral delivery system that may be suitable for insulin and other peptides. Insulin was entrapped in 1.5-mm beads made from denatured whey protein isolate (dWPI) using gelation. Beads were then air-dried with fumed silica, Aerosil®. The encapsulation efficiency was ~61% and the insulin loading was ~25 µg/mg. Dissolution in simulated gastric-, and simulated intestinal fluids (SGF, SIF) showed that ~50% of the insulin was released from beads in SGF, followed by an additional ~10% release in SIF. The omission of Aerosil® allowed greater insulin release, suggesting that it formed a barrier on the bead surface. Circular dichroism analysis of bead-released insulin revealed an unaltered secondary structure, and insulin bioactivity was retained in HepG2 cells transfected to assess activation of the endogenous insulin receptors. Insulin-entrapped beads were found to provide partial protection against pancreatin for at least 60 min. A prototype bead construct was then synthesised using an encapsulator system and tested in vivo using a rat intestinal instillation bioassay. It was found that 50 IU/kg of entrapped insulin reduced plasma glucose levels by 55% in 60 min, similar to that induced by subcutaneously (s.c.)-administered insulin (1 IU/kg). The instilled insulin-entrapped beads produced a relative bioavailability of 2.2%. In conclusion, when optimised, dWPI-based beads may have potential as an oral peptide delivery system.
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6

Johdi, Nor Adzimah, Hanif Zulkhairi Mohd Said, Mohd Razif Mohd Idris, Nor Azimah Ismail, Wan Fariza Wan Jamaludin, and S. Fadila Abd Wahid. "Cytokine Profiling as A Potential Biomarker in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma." Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v8i2.534.

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Cytokines are small proteins that mediate and regulate immunity. They are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases including cancers. The concentration of these proteins in biological fluids (serum or plasma) and tissues in diseases may suggest pathway activation that leads to inflammatory response or disease progression. Therefore, these cytokines may be useful as a tool for screening, diagnosis classification between stages of disease or surveillance for therapy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and bioassay have been used as a gold standard in cytokine level measurements in clinical practice. However, these methods allow only single cytokine detection at a time and ineffective for screening purposes. Hence, the innovation of multiplexing technology allows measurement of many of these soluble proteins simultaneously, thus allowing rapid, cost-effective and better efficiency by using a minute amount of sample. In this study, we explored the profiles of key inflammatory cytokines from the serum derived from diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (DLBCL, n =11) and healthy volunteers (N, n =11) using multiplexed bead-based immunoassays. We aimed to evaluate if the levels of these cytokines are significantly different in these two groups and explore the possible application of the cytokine as biomarkers in early-stage screening and/or surveillance. Our results show a significantly high level of IL-17A, IL-10 and IL-6 in DLBCL-derived serum compared to n-derived serum. These preliminary results were obtained from a small sample size and could be further validated with a larger sample size cohort to produce a panel of biomarkers for DLBCL. Our findings might be useful in developing a disease-specific panel for biomarker screening assay. This could be used for early diagnosis and/or treatment surveillance.
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7

Linz, Thomas H., W. Hampton Henley, and J. Michael Ramsey. "Photobleaching kinetics-based bead encoding for multiplexed bioassays." Lab on a Chip 17, no. 6 (2017): 1076–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6lc01415a.

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8

Glynne-Jones, P., R. J. Boltryk, M. Hill, F. Zhang, L. Dong, J. S. Wilkinson, T. Brown, T. Melvin, and N. R. Harris. "Multi-modal particle manipulator to enhance bead-based bioassays." Physics Procedia 3, no. 1 (January 2010): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2010.01.036.

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9

Glynne-Jones, P., R. J. Boltryk, M. Hill, F. Zhang, L. Dong, J. S. Wilkinson, T. Brown, T. Melvin, and N. R. Harris. "Multi-modal particle manipulator to enhance bead-based bioassays." Ultrasonics 50, no. 2 (February 2010): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2009.09.025.

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10

Wang, Kuan-Chih, Aloke Kumar, Stuart J. Williams, Nicolas G. Green, Kyung Chun Kim, and Han-Sheng Chuang. "An optoelectrokinetic technique for programmable particle manipulation and bead-based biosignal enhancement." Lab Chip 14, no. 20 (2014): 3958–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4lc00661e.

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11

Forcucci, Alessandra, Michal Emanuel Pawlowski, Zachary Crannell, Ina Pavlova, Rebecca Richards-Kortum, and Tomasz S. Tkaczyk. "All-plastic miniature fluorescence microscope for point-of-care readout of bead-based bioassays." Journal of Biomedical Optics 20, no. 10 (October 21, 2015): 105010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jbo.20.10.105010.

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12

Ozanich, Richard M., Kate C. Antolick, Cindy J. Bruckner-Lea, Brian P. Dockendorff, Ashton N. Easterday, Heather C. Edberg, Jay W. Grate, et al. "Use of a Novel Fluidics Microbead Trap/Flow-Cell Enhances Speed and Sensitivity of Bead-Based Bioassays." JALA: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 12, no. 5 (October 2007): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jala.2007.05.002.

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Automated devices and methods for biological sample preparation often use surface functionalized microbeads (superparamagnetic or nonmagnetic) to allow capture, purification, and preconcentration of trace amounts of proteins, cells, or nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) from complex samples. We have developed unique methods and hardware for trapping either magnetic or nonmagnetic functionalized beads that allow samples and reagents to be efficiently perfused over a microcolumn of beads. This approach yields enhanced mass transport and up to fivefold improvements in assay sensitivity or speed, dramatically improving assay capability relative to assays conducted in more traditional “batch modes” (i.e., in tubes or microplate wells). Summary results are given that highlight the analytical performance improvements obtained for automated microbead processing systems using novel microbead trap/flow-cells for various applications including (1) simultaneous capture of multiple cytokines using an antibody-coupled polystyrene bead assay with subsequent flow cytometry detection; (2) capture of nucleic acids using oligonucleotide-coupled polystyrene beads with flow cytometry detection; and (3) capture of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 from 50-mL sample volumes using antibody-coupled superparamagnetic microbeads with subsequent culturing to assess capture efficiency.
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13

Kang, Homan, Sinyoung Jeong, Yul Koh, Myeong Geun Cha, Jin-Kyoung Yang, San Kyeong, Jaehi Kim, et al. "Direct Identification of On-Bead Peptides Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Barcoding System for High-Throughput Bioanalysis." Scientific Reports 5, no. 1 (May 28, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep10144.

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Abstract Recently, preparation and screening of compound libraries remain one of the most challenging tasks in drug discovery, biomarker detection and biomolecular profiling processes. So far, several distinct encoding/decoding methods such as chemical encoding, graphical encoding and optical encoding have been reported to identify those libraries. In this paper, a simple and efficient surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) barcoding method using highly sensitive SERS nanoparticles (SERS ID) is presented. The 44 kinds of SERS IDs were able to generate simple codes and could possibly generate more than one million kinds of codes by incorporating combinations of different SERS IDs. The barcoding method exhibited high stability and reliability under bioassay conditions. The SERS ID encoding based screening platform can identify the peptide ligand on the bead and also quantify its binding affinity for specific protein. We believe that our SERS barcoding technology is a promising method in the screening of one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) libraries for drug discovery.
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14

Ali, M. Monsur, Michael G. Wolfe, Manali Mukherjee, Katherine Radford, Zil Patel, Dawn White, Julijana Milojevic, Alfredo Capretta, Parameswaran Nair, and John D. Brennan. "A sputum bioassay for airway eosinophilia using an eosinophil peroxidase aptamer." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26949-7.

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AbstractEosinophils are granulocytes that play a significant role in the pathogenesis of asthma and other airway diseases. Directing patient treatment based on the level of eosinophilia has been shown to be extremely effective in reducing exacerbations and therefore has tremendous potential as a routine clinical test. Herein, we describe the in vitro selection and optimization of DNA aptamers that bind to eosinophil peroxidase (EPX), a protein biomarker unique to eosinophils. Fifteen rounds of magnetic bead aptamer selection were performed prior to high throughput DNA sequencing. The top 10 aptamer candidates were assessed for EPX binding using a mobility shift assay. This process identified a lead aptamer candidate termed EAP1-05 with low nanomolar affinity and high specificity for EPX over other common sputum proteins. This aptamer sequence was further optimized through truncation and used to develop an easy-to-use colourimetric pull-down assay that can detect EPX over a concentration range from 1 – 100 nM in processed sputum. Forty-six clinical samples were processed using a new sputum dispersal method, appropriate for a rapid assessment assay, that avoids centrifugation and lengthy processing times. The assay showed 89% sensitivity and 96% specificity to detect eosinophilia (compared to gold standard sputum cytometry), with results being produced in under an hour. This assay could allow for an easy assessment of eosinophil activity in the airway to guide anti-inflammatory therapy for several airway diseases.
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15

Freitas, Maria, Henri P. A. Nouws, Elisa Keating, Virginia Cruz Fernandes, and Cristina Delerue-Matos. "Immunomagnetic bead-based bioassay for the voltammetric analysis of the breast cancer biomarker HER2-ECD and tumour cells using quantum dots as detection labels." Microchimica Acta 187, no. 3 (February 22, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-4156-4.

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16

Rousseau, Angélique, Sandie Escotte-Binet, Stéphanie La Carbona, Aurélien Dumètre, Sophie Chagneau, Loïc Favennec, Sophie Kubina, et al. "Toxoplasma gondii Oocyst Infectivity Assessed Using a Sporocyst-Based Cell Culture Assay Combined with Quantitative PCR for Environmental Applications." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 85, no. 20 (August 9, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01189-19.

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ABSTRACT Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous foodborne protozoan that can infect humans at low dose and displays different prevalences among countries in the world. Ingestion of food or water contaminated with small amounts of T. gondii oocysts may result in human infection. However, there are no regulations for monitoring oocysts in food, mainly because of a lack of standardized methods to detect them. The objectives of this study were (i) to develop a reliable method, applicable in biomonitoring, for the rapid detection of infectious oocysts by cell culture of their sporocysts combined with quantitative PCR (sporocyst-CC-qPCR) and (ii) to adapt this method to blue and zebra mussels experimentally contaminated by oocysts with the objective to use these organisms as sentinels of aquatic environments. Combining mechanical treatment and bead beating leads to the release of 84% ± 14% of free sporocysts. The sporocyst-CC-qPCR detected fewer than ten infectious oocysts in water within 4 days (1 day of contact and 3 days of cell culture) compared to detection after 4 weeks by mouse bioassay. For both mussel matrices, oocysts were prepurified using a 30% Percoll gradient and treated with sodium hypochlorite before cell culture of their sporocysts. This assay was able to detect as few as ten infective oocysts. This sporocyst-based CC-qPCR appears to be a good alternative to mouse bioassay for monitoring infectious T. gondii oocysts directly in water and also using biological sentinel mussel species. This method offers a new perspective to assess the environmental risk for human health associated with this parasite. IMPORTANCE The ubiquitous protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is the subject of renewed interest due to the spread of oocysts in water and food causing endemic and epidemic outbreaks of toxoplasmosis in humans and animals worldwide. Displaying a sensitivity close to animal models, cell culture represents a real alternative to assess the infectivity of oocysts in water and in biological sentinel mussels. This method opens interesting perspectives for evaluating human exposure to infectious T. gondii oocysts in the environment, where oocyst amounts are considered to be very small.
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17

Feng, Yinnian, Adam K. White, Jamin B. Hein, Eric A. Appel, and Polly M. Fordyce. "MRBLES 2.0: High-throughput generation of chemically functionalized spectrally and magnetically encoded hydrogel beads using a simple single-layer microfluidic device." Microsystems & Nanoengineering 6, no. 1 (November 30, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41378-020-00220-3.

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AbstractThe widespread adoption of bead-based multiplexed bioassays requires the ability to easily synthesize encoded microspheres and conjugate analytes of interest to their surface. Here, we present a simple method (MRBLEs 2.0) for the efficient high-throughput generation of microspheres with ratiometric barcode lanthanide encoding (MRBLEs) that bear functional groups for downstream surface bioconjugation. Bead production in MRBLEs 2.0 relies on the manual mixing of lanthanide/polymer mixtures (each of which comprises a unique spectral code) followed by droplet generation using single-layer, parallel flow-focusing devices and the off-chip batch polymerization of droplets into beads. To streamline downstream analyte coupling, MRBLEs 2.0 crosslinks copolymers bearing functional groups on the bead surface during bead generation. Using the MRBLEs 2.0 pipeline, we generate monodisperse MRBLEs containing 48 distinct well-resolved spectral codes with high throughput (>150,000/min and can be boosted to 450,000/min). We further demonstrate the efficient conjugation of oligonucleotides and entire proteins to carboxyl MRBLEs and of biotin to amino MRBLEs. Finally, we show that MRBLEs can also be magnetized via the simultaneous incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles with only a minor decrease in the potential code space. With the advantages of dramatically simplified device fabrication, elimination of the need for custom-made equipment, and the ability to produce spectrally and magnetically encoded beads with direct surface functionalization with high throughput, MRBLEs 2.0 can be directly applied by many labs towards a wide variety of downstream assays, from basic biology to diagnostics and other translational research.
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