Journal articles: 'BDOM'

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Srinivasan, R., G. H. K. Reddy, S. S. Kumar, and R. V. Grandhi. "Intermediate shapes in closed-die forging by the backward deformation optimization method (BDOM)." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 3, no. 4 (August 1994): 501–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02645317.

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Graeber, Daniel, Youngdoung Tenzin, Marc Stutter, Gabriele Weigelhofer, Tom Shatwell, Wolf von Tümpling, Jörg Tittel, Alexander Wachholz, and Dietrich Borchardt. "Bioavailable DOC: reactive nutrient ratios control heterotrophic nutrient assimilation—An experimental proof of the macronutrient-access hypothesis." Biogeochemistry 155, no. 1 (June 8, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-021-00809-4.

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AbstractWe investigate the "macronutrient-access hypothesis", which states that the balance between stoichiometric macronutrient demand and accessible macronutrients controls nutrient assimilation by aquatic heterotrophs. Within this hypothesis, we consider bioavailable dissolved organic carbon (bDOC), reactive nitrogen (N) and reactive phosphorus (P) to be the macronutrients accessible to heterotrophic assimilation. Here, reactive N and P are the sums of dissolved inorganic N (nitrate-N, nitrite-N, ammonium-N), soluble-reactive P (SRP), and bioavailable dissolved organic N (bDON) and P (bDOP). Previous data from various freshwaters suggests this hypothesis, yet clear experimental support is missing. We assessed this hypothesis in a proof-of-concept experiment for waters from four small agricultural streams. We used seven different bDOC:reactive N and bDOC:reactive P ratios, induced by seven levels of alder leaf leachate addition. With these treatments and a stream-water specific bacterial inoculum, we conducted a 3-day experiment with three independent replicates per combination of stream water, treatment, and sampling occasion. Here, we extracted dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorophores by measuring excitation-emission matrices with subsequent parallel factor decomposition (EEM-PARAFAC). We assessed the true bioavailability of DOC, DON, and the DOM fluorophores as the concentration difference between the beginning and end of each experiment. Subsequently, we calculated the bDOC and bDON concentrations based on the bioavailable EEM-PARAFAC fluorophores, and compared the calculated bDOC and bDON concentrations to their true bioavailability. Due to very low DOP concentrations, the DOP determination uncertainty was high, and we assumed DOP to be a negligible part of the reactive P. For bDOC and bDON, the true bioavailability measurements agreed with the same fractions calculated indirectly from bioavailable EEM-PARAFAC fluorophores (bDOC r2 = 0.96, p < 0.001; bDON r2 = 0.77, p < 0.001). Hence we could predict bDOC and bDON concentrations based on the EEM-PARAFAC fluorophores. The ratios of bDOC:reactive N (sum of bDON and DIN) and bDOC:reactive P (equal to SRP) exerted a strong, predictable stoichiometric control on reactive N and P uptake (R2 = 0.80 and 0.83). To define zones of C:N:P (co-)limitation of heterotrophic assimilation, we used a novel ternary-plot approach combining our data with literature data on C:N:P ranges of bacterial biomass. Here, we found a zone of maximum reactive N uptake (C:N:P approx. > 114: < 9:1), reactive P uptake (C:N:P approx. > 170:21: < 1) and reactive N and P co-limitation of nutrient uptake (C:N:P approx. > 204:14:1). The “macronutrient-access hypothesis” links ecological stoichiometry and biogeochemistry, and may be of importance for nutrient uptake in many freshwater ecosystems. However, this experiment is only a starting point and this hypothesis needs to be corroborated by further experiments for more sites, by in-situ studies, and with different DOC sources.

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Kajingulu, François-Pantaléon Musungayi, Aliocha Natuhoyila Nkodila, Jean-Robert Rissassy Makulo, Vieux Momeme Mokoli, Yannick Mopango Engole, Pepe Mfutu Ekulu, Justine Busanga Bukabau, et al. "Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9 level is independently associated with 10-year cardiovascular risk in blood donors in Kinshasa: A cross-sectional study based on Framingham predictive equation." Annales Africaines de Medecine 15, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): e4643-e4654. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aamed.v15i3.2.

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Context and objective: Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays an important role in lipid homeostasis. The present study aimed to determine whether PCSK9 is a potential cardiovascular risk (CVR) factor among apparently healthy people. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2016 and July 2020 in the City of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Volunteer and regular blood donors from the Catholic medical network (Bureau Diocésain des OEuvres Médicales [BDOM]/Kinshasa) were enrolled in this study. Serum PCSK9 and lipid levels were measured by ELISA and enzymatic colorimetric method, respectively. Framingham’s predictive equation was used for predicting cardiac events. Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to assess the association between the different lipid fractions and PCSK-9. The search for the determinants of 10 year-risk of a high cardiovascular event was carried out using the cultivariate binary logistic regression model. Results: Of 296 subjects included in the present study, 264 (89.1 %) had low and 32 (10.8 %) high CVR. Age ≥ 50 years (aOR 5), low HDL-c (aOR 5), high LDL-c (aOR 6), hypertriglyceridemia (aOR 4), and belonging to the 3rd tertile of PCSK9 ((aOR 4.4) emerged as independent determinants of high CVR. Conclusion: High plasma levels of PCSK9 are associated with high CVR in apparently healthy people. Prospective studies in the general population to confirm this Framingham cardiovascular prediction are needed. French title: Le taux de Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9 est indépendamment associé au risque cardiovasculaire à 10 ans chez les donneurs de sang à Kinshasa : Etude transversale basée sur Contexte et objectif: La Proprotéine Convertase Subtilisine Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) est importante dans l'homéostasie des lipides. Cette étude visait à établir le rôle potentiel de PCSK9 comme facteur de risque cardiovasculaire (RCV). Méthodes. L’enquête transversale couvrant la période d’août 2016 à juillet 2020 a été conduite dans la ville de Kinshasa (RD Congo), sur des donneurs de sang volontaires et réguliers au sein du réseau médical catholique (BDOM). La technique Elisa a permis l’analyse de PCSK9 sérique et le taux des lipides était dosé par la méthode enzymatique colorimétrique. L'équation de prédiction des événements CV a recourru à la méthode Framingham. La corrélation entre le taux des lipides sériques et le PCSK-9 a été faite à l’aide de corrélation linéraire de Pearson. La régression logistique binaire multivariée a déterminé le niveau du risque futur des événements CV. Résultats: 264/296 sujets (89,1 %) avaient un RCV faible, 32 (10,8 %) un RCV élevé. Les principaux déterminants du RCV étaient : âge ≥ 50 ans (ORa 5), taux bas de HDL-c (ORa 4), taux élevé de LDL-c (ORa 6) et/ou de triglycéride (ORa 4) et l'appartenance au 3ème tertile de PCSK9 (ORa 4). Conclusion: Le taux plasmatique élevé de PCSK9 constitue un facteur de risque un RCV élevé dans cette population en bonne santé apparente. L’extension de l’étude dans la pulation générale est nécessaire pour la validation de ces résultats.

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Chen, Wei, Zhiyun Zhang, Xin Li, Hans Ågren, and Jianhua Su. "Highly sensitive detection of low-level water content in organic solvents and cyanide in aqueous media using novel solvatochromic AIEE fluorophores." RSC Advances 5, no. 16 (2015): 12191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra15199b.

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Two novel solvatochromic AIEE probes, BDM and BDBM have been successfully developed, which can be utilized as fluorescent sensors for the qualitative and quantitative low-level water content in THF or dioxane and cyanide in aqueous media.

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Nag, Debarshi, and Zainab Farhat. "Bureaucratic Leadership at Ground Level: A Case Study of Block Development Officers in West Bengal (India)." Indian Journal of Public Administration 67, no. 2 (June 2021): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00195561211025976.

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Max Weber coined the term ‘bureaucratic leadership’ to define leadership in government organisations based on a set of predetermined regulations, strict functions and fixed roles under a static hierarchy. Almost all government organisations adhere to these principles including the civil services, but, at the ground level of administration, a rational and workable form has been developed by the civil servants to suit their roles. The post of a Block Development Officer (BDO) in the civil services is assigned to play multiple roles to govern the block effectively. From being a leader who would motivate and facilitate a team of officials in development as well as general administration, a diplomat who would set the right chord with the political functionaries at various levels to settle upon a consensus in every issue, a crisis manager who would rush forward, with limited resources, to face any natural calamity or a serious law and order issue, a strict disciplinarian who would ensure transparency in fiscal matters, an entrepreneur who would motivate the people to become self-reliant with the help of government schemes, a BDO is indeed ‘the cutting edge of administration’. The entire administration depends upon a Block Development Officer to deliver the much needed “public service” to the residents of the Block at all times and under all circumstances. This article is intended to study the practical forms of ‘bureaucratic leadership’ performed by BDOs while discharging their duties efficiently both during crises and in normal circumstances.

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Simula, Brandy L., and J. Sumerau. "The use of gender in the interpretation of BDSM." Sexualities 22, no. 3 (November 20, 2017): 452–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460717737488.

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In this article, we explore the ways BDSM practitioners negotiate gender. Based on 32 in-depth interviews with BDSM practitioners and thousands of message board posts from the then-largest online BDSM community in the USA, we explore the explanatory frameworks BDSM practitioners use to (1) downplay and (2) emphasize dominant notions of gender to make sense of BDSM practices and experiences. In so doing, we discuss some ways BDSM practices and interpretations may both challenge and reproduce broader societal patterns of gender inequality. In conclusion, we draw out implications for understanding (1) variation in the utilization of gender beliefs and assumptions within BDSM cultures, and (2) the consequences these patterns have for the reproduction of gender inequality.

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Dunkley, Cara R., and Lori A. Brotto. "The Role of Consent in the Context of BDSM." Sexual Abuse 32, no. 6 (April 22, 2019): 657–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063219842847.

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Consent represents a central focus in the controversial realm of BDSM—an overlapping acronym referring to the practices of Bondage and Discipline, Dominance and Submission, and Sadism and Masochism. Many authors have argued that the hallmark feature that distinguishes BDSM activity from abuse and psychopathology is the presence of mutual informed consent of all those involved. This review examines the relevant literature on consent in BDSM, including discussions on safety precautions, consent violations, North American laws pertaining to BDSM practice, and the role of the BDSM community with respect to education and etiquette surrounding consent. Practical information relevant to professionals who work toward the prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse is provided. The explicit approach to consent practiced by those in the BDSM community is proposed as a model for discussions around consent in clinical and educational contexts. Criteria for distinguishing abuse from BDSM and identifying abuse within BDSM relationships are outlined. It is our hope to demystify the consent process and add to the growing body of literature that destigmatizes consensual BDSM practices.

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Wang, Xiu Ping, and Feng Ge Zhang. "Finite Element Analysis of Magnetic Field Modulation Effect of Brushless Doubly Fed Machine." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 5227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.5227.

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Brushless Doubly Fed Machine (BDFM) shows economic promise as a variable speed drive or generator. Seeking for rotor structures with higher modulation effect will be the most important role at present for improving the efficiency and performance of BDFM. After presenting the principle and providing the parameters of BDFM, this paper analyzes the air gap flux density of BDFM with different rotor structures and various pole numbers by using finite element analysis software ANSOFT. The effect of rotor structures and pole numbers on magnetic field modulation of BDFM can be obtained, these conclusions could lay the foundation for BDFM structure optimizing design.

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Chu, Huaqiang, Bingzhi Dong, Yalei Zhang, and Xuefei Zhou. "Gravity filtration performances of the bio-diatomite dynamic membrane reactor for slightly polluted surface water purification." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 5 (September 1, 2012): 1139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.284.

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A bio-diatomite dynamic membrane (BDDM) reactor for surface water treatment under a water head of 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 cm, respectively, was investigated, which was very effective for pollutants removal. The water head exerted strong influences on filtration flux of BDDM during the precoating process, as well as on the formation of BDDM and turbidity variations. A high filtration flux (approximately 200−300 L/m2 h) could be achieved in the long filtration times of BDDM with a stable effluent turbidity of approximately 0.11−0.25 NTU. The BDDM could remove particles larger than 25 μm completely. The adopted sintered diatomite mainly consisted of macro pores, which were beneficial for improving the filtration flux of BDDM. During the backwash stage, the BDDM could be removed completely by the air backwash.

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Stets, E. G., and J. B. Cotner. "Littoral zones as sources of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon in lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 11 (November 2008): 2454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-142.

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A survey of 12 lakes in Minnesota, USA, was conducted to examine the factors controlling variability in biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) concentration. The principal question addressed was whether BDOC concentration was more strongly related to lake trophic status or morphometric parameters. BDOC concentration was determined by incubating filtered lake water for a period of 15 months and fitting an exponential decay curve to measured DOC concentrations. BDOC concentrations varied from 73 to 427 µmol C·L–1 and composed 15%–63% of the total DOC pool. There were no significant correlations between BDOC and measures of lake trophic status. Instead, BDOC was most closely associated with the percentage of lake area covered by littoral zone, suggesting a significant source of BDOC from aquatic macrophytes and lake surface sediments.

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George, Michael H., Greg R. Olson, Donald Doerfler, Tanya Moore, Steve Kilburn, and Anthony B. De Angelo. "Carcinogenicity of Bromodichloromethane Administered in Drinking Water to Male F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice." International Journal of Toxicology 21, no. 3 (May 2002): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810290096351.

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A life-time exposure study was conducted to assess the carcinogenicity of bromodichloromethane (BDCM) administered in the drinking water to male F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. In mouse, the calculated mean daily BDCM concentrations (measured concentrations corrected for on-cage loss of chemical) were 0.06, 0.28 and 0.49 g/l. Time-weighted water consumption of 135, 97, and 89 ml/kg/day resulted in mean daily doses of 8.1, 27.2, and 43.4 mg BDCM/kg/day. No changes in feed consumption, final body weight, or survival were observed. Kidney weights were significantly depressed at 27.2 and 43.4 mg BDCM/kg/day. There was no increase in neoplasia in the liver, kidney, spleen, testis, bladder, sections along the alimentary tract, excised lesions, or at any other organ site. In rat, the corrected mean daily BDCM concentrations were 0.06, 0.33, and 0.62 g/l. Time-weighted water consumption of 65, 63, and 59 ml/kg/day yielded 3.9, 20.6 and 36.3 mg BDCM/kg/day. No alterations in feed consumption, body weight gain, and survival were seen. Kidney weight was significantly depressed in the 36.3-mg/kg/day treatment group. There was a significantly enhanced prevalence and multiplicity of hepatocellular adenomas at 3.9 mg BDCM/kg/day (15.5% and 0.16/animal vs. 2.2% and 0.02/animal for the control). Hepatocellular carcinomas increased from 2.2% and 0.02/animal for the control and 3.9 mg BDCM/kg/day to 8.3% and 0.10/animal at 20.6 mg BDCM/kg/day. The combined neoplasms were enhanced at 3.9 and 20.6 mg BDCM/kg/day. Liver neoplasia was depressed to the control value at 36.3 mg BDCM/kg. The prevalence of basophilic and clear cell, but not eosinophilic cells, altered foci of cells declined with increasing dose. BDCM did not increase cancer in the large bowel, renal tubules, or in any of the other tissues examined. Renal tubular hyperplasia was observed at 36.3 mg BDCM/kg (15.8% vs. 8.7% for the control group). Under the conditions of the study, BDCM in the drinking water was not carcinogenic in the male B6C3F1 mouse, but was carcinogenic in the male F344/N rat based on an increased hepatocellular neoplasia.

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Wuyts, E., N. De Neef, V. Coppens, A. Schuerewegen, I. De Zeeuw-Jans, M. Van Der Pol, and M. Morrens. "Beyond pain: a study on the variance of pain thresholds within BDSM interactions in dominants and submissives." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S280—S281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.718.

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Introduction BDSM is an acronym describing bondage & discipline, dominance & submission and sadism & masochism. Afflicting or receiving pain is usually an important part of the BDSM interaction. Objectives This research focuses on better understanding the aspect of pain within a BDSM interaction by investigating the differences in 1) baseline pain thresholds, 2) the impact of a BDSM interaction on those thresholds and 3) threshold moderating factors like pain cognition between submissive and dominant BDSM participants and control individuals. Methods Submissive and dominant counterparts of 35 couples were recruited to participate in a BDSM interaction, of which 34 dominants and 33 submissives were included in analyses. A non-BDSM interested control group (n=27) was included to control for social interaction, of which 24 were included in analyses. Pain threshold measurements were measured at three points in time and pain cognitions scales were taken. Results BDSM practitioners have a higher pain threshold overall and a BSDM interaction will result in a temporary elevation of pain thresholds for submissives. Additionally, pain thresholds in dominants will be dependent upon their fear of pain and tendency to catastrophize pain and submissives will experience less fear of pain than the control group. Conclusions This study helps shed further light on the biological processes behind a BDSM interaction through pain threshold measurements. By enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms behind a BDSM interaction in this way, we aspire to relieve the stigma these practitioners still endure. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Martin, Richard Joseph. "Toward an affective phenomenology of discourse." Journal of Language and Sexuality 7, no. 1 (February 22, 2018): 30–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jls.17008.mar.

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Abstract The Fifty Shades trilogy is often associated with BDSM, yet practitioners of BDSM typically disavow the trilogy. Previous research highlights how mechanics of BDSM such as agency and consent are misrepresented in the trilogy; this study highlights differences in affect. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork among BDSM practitioners in Berlin, Germany, this paper considers reception beyond reading as evidence of BDSM’s affective phenomenology. The paper combines an Ortner-inspired “cultural ethnography through discourse” with close reading: it compares discourse and affect observed in the field with that in the novels, and suggests that the portrayal of BDSM in the novels and portrayals of the novels as representations of BDSM misinterpret the affective phenomenology of BDSM. Through attention to language, this study shows how affect and situated discourse become mutually constitutive in shaping the legibility of phenomenological experience, suggesting that playful reterritorializations of semiotic forms can counter mimetic perpetuations of symbolic violence.

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Zhang, Huiying, Jinzhi Ni, Wei Qian, Shuhan Yu, Yu Xiang, Liuming Yang, and Weifeng Chen. "Pyrolysis Atmospheres and Temperatures Co-Mediated Spectral Variations of Biochar-Derived Dissolved Organic Carbon: Quantitative Prediction and Self-Organizing Maps Analysis." Molecules 28, no. 5 (February 28, 2023): 2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052247.

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Biochar-derived dissolved organic carbon (BDOC), as a highly activated carbonaceous fraction of biochar, significantly affects the environmental effect of biochar. This study systematically investigated the differences in the properties of BDOC produced at 300–750 °C in three atmosphere types (including N2 and CO2 flows and air limitation) as well as their quantitative relationship with biochar properties. The results showed that BDOC in biochar pyrolyzed in air limitation (0.19–2.88 mg/g) was more than that pyrolyzed in N2 (0.06–1.63 mg/g) and CO2 flows (0.07–1.74 mg/g) at 450–750 °C. The aliphaticity, humification, molecular weight, and polarity of BDOC strongly depended on the atmosphere types as well as the pyrolysis temperatures. BDOC produced in air limitation contained more humic-like substances (0.65–0.89) and less fulvic-like substances (0.11–0.35) than that produced in N2 and CO2 flows. The multiple linear regression of the exponential form of biochar properties (H and O contents, H/C and (O+N)/C) could be used to quantitatively predict the bulk content and organic component contents of BDOC. Additionally, self-organizing maps could effectively visualize the categories of fluorescence intensity and components of BDOC from different pyrolysis atmospheres and temperatures. This study highlights that pyrolysis atmosphere types are a crucial factor controlling the BDOC properties, and some characteristics of BDOC can be quantitatively evaluated based on the properties of biochar.

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Schuerwegen, A., M. Morrens, E. Wuyts, W. Huys, K. Goethals, and I. De Zeeuw-Jans. "The psychology of kink: A survey study investigating stigma and psychological mechanisms in BDSM." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2079.

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Introduction The past years BDSM (an acronym for bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadism and masochism) has gained a significant amount of attention and popularity in the general population, portraying an inaccurate image of BDSM and the people who share these interests. Yet despite this increasing popularity, only little empirical research has focused on this subject and it’s possible driving mechanisms so far, sustaining the existing misconceptions and stigma towards BDSM in general and BDSM practitioners in specific. Objectives We aimed to gain more insights on understanding the underlying psychological mechanisms, such as sensation seeking and coping, in people who participate in BDSM-related activities, as well as into the factors which contribute to the existing stigma and discrimination Methods In a national survey study 256 Dutch-speaking BDSM-practitioners were compared to a matched sample of people from the general Belgian population (N = 300) who lack any interest in BDSM in two separate studies. Results About 86% of the general population maintained stigmatizing beliefs about these sexual interests and practices. In regard to sensation seeking and coping, compared to controls, BDSM practitioners reported signifcantly higher levels of sensation seeking for all dimensions, as well as the use of more active coping skills. Conclusions People who do not conform to the current social standards of our society often seem to remain the subject of stigmatization and discrimination. Further research is needed to explore the psychological processes that drive BDSM interests in order to destigmatize and normalize consensual BDSM-related activities. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Putri, Elok Fauzia Dwi. "Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pelaku BDSM (Bondage, Discipline, Sadism and Masochism) yang Mengakibatkan Luka, Cacat atau Kematian." Jurist-Diction 4, no. 2 (March 5, 2021): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jd.v4i2.25781.

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Dini ini, BDSM banyak dibicarakan dalam media sosial maupun dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Banyak masyarakat yang tertarik dan penasaran untuk sekadar mengetahui atau terjun dalam dunia BDSM. Rasa penasaran dan kurangnya pengetahuan dapat menyebabkan kerugian seperti luka, cacat atau kematian kepada partner BDSM scene. BDSM bukan merupakan tindak pidana walaupun sangat erat kaitannya dengan kekerasan karena dilakukan dengan consent. Dalam ilmu kejiwaan, sadisme dan masokisme termasuk dalam parafilia. Namun, penyimpangan tersebut tidak dapat dijadikan sebagai alasan untuk menggugurkan pemidanaan dikarenakan bukan termasuk yang dikecualikan pada Pasal 44 KUHP. Sehingga, pelaku BDSM yang menyebabkan luka, cacat dan hilangnya nyawa akan tetap dipidana.

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Lenius, Steve. "Bisexuals and BDSM." Journal of Bisexuality 1, no. 4 (May 4, 2001): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j159v01n04_06.

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Caputo, A., F. Rossi, and R. Perris. "BDSM: powerful pleasures." Sexologies 17 (April 2008): S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1158-1360(08)72645-8.

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Lindemann, Danielle. "BDSM as therapy?" Sexualities 14, no. 2 (April 2011): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460711399038.

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Jolene Sloan, Lorca. "Ace of (BDSM) clubs: Building asexual relationships through BDSM practice." Sexualities 18, no. 5-6 (February 27, 2015): 548–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460714550907.

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Chen, Ming, Shuhuai Shen, Fan Zhang, Cong Zhang, and Jianglei Xiong. "Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon (BDOC) Removal from Micro-Polluted Water Source Using Ultrafiltration: Comparison with Conventional Processes, Operation Conditions and Membrane Fouling Control." Polymers 14, no. 21 (November 3, 2022): 4689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214689.

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The biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) in micro-polluted water sources affects the drinking water quality and safety in the urban water supply. The conventional technology of “coagulation-sedimentation-filtration” in a water plant located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River removed dissolved organic carbon (DOC) with a molecular weight (MW) > 30 kDa effectively, but the BDOC elimination only ranged 27.4–58.1%, due to their predominant smaller MW (<1 kDa), leading to a high residual BDOC of 0.22–0.33 mg/L. To ensure the biological stability of drinking water, i.e., the inability to support microbial growth (BDOC < 0.2 mg/L), a pilot-scale ultrafiltration process (UF, made of aromatic polyamide with MW cut-off of 1 kDa) was operated to remove BDOC as an advanced treatment after sand-filtration. Results showed the membrane flux decreased with the increase in the influent BDOC concentration and decrease in operating pressure. With an operating pressure of 0.25 MPa, the BDOC removal by UF reached 80.7%, leading to a biologically stable BDOC concentration of 0.08 mg/L. The fouling of the membrane was mainly caused by organic pollution. The H2O2–HCl immersion washing method effectively cleaned the membrane surface fouling, with a recovery of membrane flux of 98%.

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Xiao, Han, Yang Chen, Muzhi Li, Qiang Shi, Yan Xu, Jianzhong Hu, Xing Li, Can Chen, and Hongbin Lu. "Cell-Free Book-Shaped Decellularized Tendon Matrix Graft Capable of Controlled Release of BMP-12 to Improve Tendon Healing in a Rat Model." American Journal of Sports Medicine 49, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 1333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546521994555.

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Background: Achilles tendon (AT) defects often occur in traumatic and chronic injuries. Currently, no graft can satisfactorily regenerate parallel tendinous tissue at the defect site to completely restore AT function. Purpose: To develop a cell-free functional graft by tethering bone morphogenetic protein 12 (BMP-12) on a book-shaped decellularized tendon matrix (BDTM) and to determine whether this graft is more beneficial for AT defect healing than an autograft. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Canine patellar tendon was sectioned into a book shape and decellularized to fabricate a BDTM. The collagen-binding domain (CBD) was fused into the N-terminus of BMP-12 to synthesize a recombinant BMP-12 (CBD-BMP-12), which was tethered to the BDTM to prepare a cell-free functional graft (CBD-BMP-12/BDTM). After its tensile resistance, tenogenic inducibility, and BMP-12 release dynamics were evaluated, the efficacy of the graft for tendon regeneration was determined in a rat model. A total of 140 mature male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent AT tenotomy. The defect was reconstructed with reversed AT (autograft group), native BMP-12 tethered to an intact decellularized tendon matrix (IDTM; NAT-BMP-12/IDTM group), native BMP-12 tethered to a BDTM (NAT-BMP-12/BDTM group), CBD-BMP-12 tethered on an IDTM (CBD-BMP-12/IDTM group), and CBD-BMP-12 tethered on a BDTM (CBD-BMP-12/BDTM group). The rats were sacrificed 4 or 8 weeks after surgery to harvest AT specimens. Six specimens from each group at each time point were used for histological evaluation; the remaining 8 specimens were used for biomechanical testing. Results: In vitro CBD-BMP-12/BDTM was noncytotoxic, showed high biomimetics with native tendons, was suitable for cell adhesion and growth, and had superior tenogenic inducibility. In vivo the defective AT in the CBD-BMP-12/BDTM group regenerated more naturally than in the other groups, as indicated by more spindle-shaped fibroblasts embedded in a matrix of parallel fibers. The biomechanical properties of the regenerated AT in the CBD-BMP-12/BDTM group also increased more significantly than in the other groups. Conclusion: CBD-BMP-12/BDTM is more beneficial than autograft for healing AT defects in a rat model. Clinical Relevance: The findings of this study demonstrate that CBD-BMP-12/BDTM can serve as a practical graft for reconstructing AT defects.

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Carlström, Charlotta, and Catrine Andersson. "The queer spaces of BDSM and non-monogamy." Journal of Positive Sexuality 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51681/1.513.

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Based on interviews and ethnographic fieldwork within BDSM communities in Sweden, this article focuses on links between non-monogamy and BDSM. Drawing on Halberstam´s concept of queer space, the following questions are investigated: What are the connections between BDSM and non-monogamous communities? How does interaction between BDSM and non-monogamous practices create non-normative logic? The transgression of one norm makes it easier to transgress other norms as well, providing opportunities to find new ways of organizing relationships beyond the norms of monogamy. In order for an individual to be able to fully explore kinks in BDSM practices and at the same time respect the boundaries of a partner, nonmonogamy emerges as one logical answer.

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Drdová, Lucie, and Steven Saxonberg. "Dilemmas of a subculture: An analysis of BDSM blogs about Fifty Shades of Grey." Sexualities 23, no. 5-6 (October 22, 2019): 987–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460719876813.

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Recently, much has been written in the mass media about the novel and film Fifty Shades of Grey. It was widely portrayed as an example of BDSM (a common abbreviation for the terms bondage, discipline, dominance, submissivity, sadism and masochism) subculture and used as a symbol of sadomasochistic identity. But is this public view based on the self image of BDSM subcultural members or is it a figment of the imagination of writers and journalists? This article presents the voice of BDSM activists, who are silenced and excluded from the public debate. Using a virtual ethnographic method, we analyse the BDSM blogosphere as a platform for subcultural expressions of opinion. We combine this with a documentary analysis. In doing so, we examine how BDSM subculture members perceive themselves in contrast to the mainstream view of them pictured in the book Fifty Shades of Grey. This article investigates to what extent the subcultural conception of BDSM corresponds to the book's depiction and where it differs fundamentally.

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Duru, Ugochukwu I., George O. Nduwuba, Ifeanyichukwu M. Onyejekwe, and Princewill M. Ikpeka. "Experimental Evaluation of Locally Synthesized Biodiesel Drilling Fluid." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 37, no. 1 (2022): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2022.1.10.

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Diesel oil has been the preferred base fluid for the formulation of oil-based drilling mud. Diesel oil has negative effects on the environment and there is a growing need for more environmentally sustainable alternatives that can be technically compared to diesel base oil. In recent times, the use of vegetable oils as drilling fluid base oil has been of interest. In this study, 1378 kg/m3 of palm kernel oil-based mud (PKOBM) and palm kernel oil biodiesel based mud (BDBM) were experimentally formulated. BDBM was synthesized by the transesterification of vegetable (palm kernel) oil. The performance of PKOBM and BDBM was then evaluated against conventional diesel oil-based mud (DOBM). The evaluation performed was based on the rheological, filtration and wall building properties, emulsion and thermal stabilities, and acute toxicity of the formulated drilling fluid systems. The results obtained from the study reveal that the mud systems (PKOBM and BDBM) show a typical Herschel-Bulkley (modified power-law) drilling mud rheological pattern at temperatures of 49°C, 66°C and 80°C. BDBM showed comparable rheological properties with better hole cleaning capacity as indicated by a lower flow index. For the filtrate loss test, BDBM exhibited a slightly lower filtrate loss compared to DOBM, whereas PKOBM had a higher fluid loss of 4.4 ml. For the filter cake and thermal stability test, there were no significant changes between DOBM and BDBM, whereas PKOBM had the least desirable performance. BDBM exhibited the most stable emulsion of 1274 volts breaking voltage and PKOBM, the least with 739 volts compared to 1169 volts breaking voltage of DOBM. This study concludes that BDBM could be used as an environmentally sustainable substitute for diesel oil-based mud (DOBM).

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Saitoh, H., M. Nishiura, T. Nakazawa, J. Morikawa, Z. Yoshida, and R. Osawa. "Electro-optic Bdot probe measurement of magnetic fluctuations in plasma." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 103540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0089031.

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We propose a combined use of a Pockels electro-optic sensor with a pickup loop coil (Bdot probe) for the measurement of magnetic fluctuations in plasmas. In this method, induced fluctuating voltage on the coil loop is converted into an optical signal by a compact electro-optic sensor in the vicinity of the measurement point and is transferred across optical fiber that is unaffected by electric noise or capacitive load issues. Compared with conventional Bdot probes, the electro-optic Bdot probe (1) is electrically isolated and free from noise pickup caused by the metallic transmission line and (2) can be operated at a higher-frequency range because of the smaller capacitance of the operation circuit, both of which are suitable for many plasma experiments. Conversely, the sensitivity of the current electro-optic Bdot probe arrangement is still significantly lower than that of conventional Bdot probes. A preliminary measurement result with the electro-optic Bdot probe showed the detection of a magnetic fluctuation signal around the cyclotron frequency range in the RT-1 magnetospheric plasma experiment.

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Yang, Wen Jie. "Study on Direct Torque Control of Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine Based on Discete Space Vector Modulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 615 (August 2014): 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.402.

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The paper introduces Working mode of brushless doubly-fed machine（BDFM） and mathematical model in the d-q coordinates for BDFM，a strategy of discrete space vector modulation in direct torque control for BDFM has been Proposed 。The paper uses Matlab / Simulink to model and simulate the system of the direct torque control for brush double-fed motor based on discrete Space Vector Modulation.Simulation results prove that the discrete space vector modulation technique can reduce the torque ripple of traditional direct torque control system for BDFM, and improve waveform of current and Flux of Control winding.

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Zhang, Xin Yu, Ying Fu, Li Ping Qiu, and Yan Zhen Yu. "Study on Water Distribution System's Biological Stability of Northern Living District." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.574.

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AOC and BDOC are used to estimate the biostability of water distribution system in a northern living district of China. The results show that the concentrations of AOC and BDOC are 57.6 to 369.3 μg/L and 0.81 to 2.43 mg/L in water which is biologically unstable. The concentration of BDOC generally reduced with the along monitoring sites. The concentration of BDOC is greatly influence by residual chlorine and bacteria activity in water distribution system. The concentration of AOC is between 57.6 μg/L and 369.3 μg/L, and the bacteria number is form 5 to 43.

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Geraghty, Majella, Malachy McCann, Michael Devereux, Fergal Cronin, Martin Curran, and Vickie McKee. "Synthesis and Anti-Candida Activity of Cobalt(II) Complexes of Benzene-1,2-Dioxyacetic Acid (bdoaH2). X-Ray Crystal Structures of [Co(bdoa)(H2O)3]⋅3.5H2O and {[CO(phen)3](bdoa)}2⋅24H2O (phen = 1,10-Phenanthroline)." Metal-Based Drugs 6, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mbd.1999.41.

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Co(CH3CO2)2⋅4H2O reacts with benzene-1,2-dioxyacetic acid (bdoaH2) to give the Co2+ complexes [Co(bdoa)(H2O)3]⋅H2O (1a) and [Co(bdoa)(H2O)3]⋅3.5H2O (1b). Subsequent reaction of 1a with 1,10- phenanthroline produces [CO(phen)3]bdoa⋅10H2O (2a) and {[CO(phen)3](bdoa)}2⋅24H2O (2b). Molecular structures of 1b and 2b were determined crystallographically. In 1b the bdoa2- ligates the metal by two carboxylate oxygens and two ethereal oxygens, whereas in 2b the bdoa2- is uncoordinated. The Mn2+ and Cu2+ complexes [Mn(bdoa)(phen)2]⋅H2O (3) and [Cu(pdoa)(imid)2] (4) were also synthesised, 1a-4 and other metal complexes of bdoaH2 (metal = Mn2+, Co2+ ,Cu2+, Cu+ ) were screened for their ability to inhibit the growth ofhe yeast Candida albicans. Complexes incorporating the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand were the most active.

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Wuyts, E. "BDSM: pathological or healthy expression of intimacy?" European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S805—S806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2083.

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Introduction Though BDSM interest (bondage & discipline, dominance & submission and sadism & masochism) has proven to be quite prevalent (46.8% in recent research), there is still significant stigma surrounding it, both in general society and among mental health practitioners. Objectives This research explores the biological mechanisms associated with a BDSM interaction in the hope to strengthen the argument that it does not belong in the psychiatric field. Methods The present study collected data on peripheral hormone levels, pain thresholds and pain cognitions before and after a BDSM interaction and compared these results to a control group. Results show that submissives have increased cortisol and endocannabinoid levels due to the BDSM interaction and that these increases are linked. Dominants showed a significant increase in endocannabinoids associated with power play but not with pain play. BDSM practitioners have a higher pain threshold overall and a BSDM interaction will result in a temporary elevation of pain thresholds for submissives. Additionally, pain thresholds in dominants will be dependent upon their fear of pain and tendency to catastrophize pain and submissives will experience less fear of pain than the control group Conclusions Even though this is one of the first studies of its kind, several biological processes can be associated with BDSM interactions, strengthening the hypothesis of BDSM as a healthy form of intimacy and promoting its distinction from paraphilias as they are described in the DSM or ICD classifications. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Carlström, Charlotta. "BDSM – the antithesis of good Swedish sex?" Sexualities 22, no. 7-8 (October 23, 2018): 1164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460718769648.

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In this article, based on ethnographic fieldwork, and interviews with 29 self-defined BDSM practitioners, I explore the incorporation process of BDSM (Bondage and Discipline, Dominance and Submission, Sadism and Masochism) in Swedish society. I argue that the so-called ‘good sexuality’ described by Gayle Rubin (2011) and Don Kulick (2005) is still alive as a normative principle in this context. Drawing on Foucault’s concept ‘biopower’ (1976), I show that to gain acceptance and to fit into a society characterized by ‘good sexuality’, BDSM has to be normalized. This normalization process is closely connected to a middle-class hegemony and results in limitations that in various ways affect the practitioners, as well as impacting the transgressive core of BDSM.

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Vojdani, Zahra, and Beata Gorczyca. "Preliminary investigation into the claims of the IBROM system." Water Quality Research Journal 55, no. 2 (March 19, 2020): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2020.017.

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Abstract Membrane filtration is commonly applied to reduce dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to control the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs); however, high levels of DOC can cause severe fouling of reverse osmosis membranes. The integrated biological and reverse osmosis membrane (IBROM) process is a combination of biological filters and reverse osmosis membranes. The IBROM process claims to remove biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC), which apparently should result in reduced membrane fouling. The goal of this research was to conduct a preliminary investigation into the claims of the IBROM system, using water collected from the Herbert water treatment plant (Saskatchewan). The plant is utilizing the IBROM for the treatment of a dugout and groundwater blend (DOC of 17.5–22.7 mg/L). The results demonstrated that BDOC concentrations did not change significantly throughout the plant. Optimized laboratory-scale coagulation with polyaluminium chlorohydrate achieved 58% removal of BDOC. Oxidation with permanganate increased the concentration of BDOC (from 5.7 to 8.8 mg/L). Overall, BDOC was effectively removed by optimized coagulation rather than the IBROM system. Moreover, the results show an inverse relationship between BDOC and THMs formation potential (THMFP) in both coagulated and oxidized water. For all concentrations, more biodegradable DOC had less tendency to form THMs based on the lower THMFP.

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Alessandrin, Arnaud, and Marielle Toulze. "Les événements publics BDSM." Géographie et cultures, no. 95 (October 1, 2015): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/gc.4099.

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Kratzer, Leonhard, Stefan Tschöke, and Melanie Büttner. "BDSM, Gewalt und Trauma." PTT - Persönlichkeitsstörungen: Theorie und Therapie 25, no. 4 (November 2021): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21706/ptt-25-4-264.

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KUCZEK, Klaudia. "Badania symulacyjne silnika BDFM." PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, no. 1 (January 5, 2018): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/48.2018.01.17.

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Hammers, Corie. "Reworking Trauma through BDSM." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 44, no. 2 (January 2019): 491–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/699370.

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Glyde, Tania. "BDSM: psychotherapy's grey area." Lancet Psychiatry 2, no. 3 (March 2015): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00058-9.

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Kozyatnyk, Ivan, Joanna Świetlik, Ursula Raczyk-Stanisławiak, Nataliya Klymenko, and Jacek Nawrocki. "Oxidized fulvic acid adsorption on activated carbon." Water Supply 14, no. 2 (September 13, 2013): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.193.

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This study evaluates and compares the parameters of equilibrium adsorption from aqueous solutions of river fulvic acids (FA) and peat fulvic acids. Compared to peat FA, the river FA had lower biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC). We observed a tendency for correlation between change of Gibbs free energy of adsorption and BDOC value. A chlorination dose of 1.4 mg L−1 did not change FA biodegradability and adsorbability. ClO2 treatment produced similar results; ClO2 had a stronger oxidizing influence on FA with low BDOC than on FA with high BDOC. In general, the oxidative effect of O3 was greater than Cl2 or ClO2 and the oxidative effect of ClO2 was greater than Cl2. Qi–Schideman and modified Freundlich equations well described all isotherms of FA on activated carbon F300. The content of low-adsorbed substances in peat FA decreased in the sequence: initial solution – Cl2 – ClO2 – O3. A similar difference was also seen with BDOC content in FA solutions. For peat FA with high BDOC content, the low-adsorbed fraction transformed to a strong-adsorbed fraction. Chlorination and chlorine dioxide treatment decreased low-adsorbed fraction absorbability, although ozone treatment increased it, which corresponded with a change in BDOC and a change in Gibbs free energy of adsorption. Chlorination and ClO2 treatment increased the non-adsorbable fraction, and ozonation substantially decreased the non-adsorbable part of the FA. Treatment by chlorine and ozone increased the concentration range of the strong-adsorbed fraction; chlorine dioxide did not significantly influence this fraction.

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Peng, Xiao, Yun Xiong Song, and Wan Tai Liu. "The Wound-Rotor Design and Finite Element Analysis of Wound-Rotor Brushless Double-Feed Motor." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 813–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.813.

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In this paper, firstly the operation principle of the brushless double-fed motor is introduced. Secondly by means of the single-pole slot-number phase diagram, the rotor windings are designed and analyzed, and it is proved that the designed motor can assure the equality of the induced branch EMF and satisfy the demands of other electrical properties. Finally, on the basis of analyzing the design principle of the BDFM, the Ansoft/Maxwell is used to establish the model of doubly-fed brushless machine with the wound rotor, the 2-D transient electromagnetic fields of brushless doubly-fed machine (BDFM) is calculated by finite element method, the magnetic force line and air-gap magnetic field is got, and the air-gap magnetic fields is analyzed by the harmonic spectrum. After the analysis of the finite element, the design of the BDFM with wound rotor structure can be achieved in this paper, and it provides the foundation for the rotor structure design optimization of BDFM and it also provides guiding significance for the BDFM.

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Schaule, Gabriela, Dania Moschnitschka, Simone Schulte, Adriana Tamachkiarow, and Hans-Curt Flemming. "Biofilm growth in response to various concentrations of biodegradable material in drinking water." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 8-9 (April 1, 2007): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.258.

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Biological stability is one of the most important aspects of safe drinking water. It depends crucially on the availability of biodegradable organic carbon (BDOC). Measurement of BDOC is time-consuming and only performed if an increase is suspected. In this study, a fibre optical sensor (FOS) was used to detect changes in BDOC, detected as an increase in biofilm growth. The FOS consists of a sending and a receiving optical fibre, the latter connected to a detector. When material is deposited at the tip of the fibre, an increase of backscattered light is detected. In a system fed with drinking water, the signal was correlated to biofilm growth which was confirmed by independent surface colonisation determination. When 1 and 3 mg L−1 of BDOC respectively was added, the increment of the FOS signal over a period of 1 week could be distinguished. Interference by planktonic components and humic substances could be excluded. The biofilm on the FOS could be used as a means to detect changes in BDOC in drinking water and the signal has an early warning capacity.

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Spain, Randall D., Jerry W. Hedge, and Jennifer K. Blanchard. "Examining Predictors of Visual Search Success in Transportation Security Officers and Behavior Detection Officers." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 1308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601809.

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Transportation Security Officers (TSOs) and Behavior Detection Officers (BDOs) are an integral part of the Transportation Security Administration’s (TSA) multilayered security program. Both officers are required to visually search their environments for prohibited items and cues that might be indicative of a threat. The purpose of this project was to identify factors that predicted the visual search success of these officers. A simulated visual search task was completed by 375 TSOs and BDOs, along with a battery of surveys designed to measure individual differences in personality traits, abilities, hobbies, and spatial ability. Results showed that TSOs and BDOs were highly accurate in their searches but that TSOs searched images faster than BDOs without sacrificing accuracy. Additional results showed that the strongest predictors of visual search accuracy were search speed and search consistency, but spatial ability emerged as a significant predictor for TSOs and frequency of video-game play emerged as a significant predictor for BDOs. Additional traits were also correlated with search performance but did not emerge as significant predictors in our regression models. Practical implication and directions for future research are discussed.

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Scire, Jérémie, Joëlle Barido-Sottani, Denise Kühnert, Timothy G. Vaughan, and Tanja Stadler. "Robust Phylodynamic Analysis of Genetic Sequencing Data from Structured Populations." Viruses 14, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14081648.

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The multi-type birth–death model with sampling is a phylodynamic model which enables the quantification of past population dynamics in structured populations based on phylogenetic trees. The BEAST 2 package bdmm implements an algorithm for numerically computing the probability density of a phylogenetic tree given the population dynamic parameters under this model. In the initial release of bdmm, analyses were computationally limited to trees consisting of up to approximately 250 genetic samples. We implemented important algorithmic changes to bdmm which dramatically increased the number of genetic samples that could be analyzed and which improved the numerical robustness and efficiency of the calculations. Including more samples led to the improved precision of parameter estimates, particularly for structured models with a high number of inferred parameters. Furthermore, we report on several model extensions to bdmm, inspired by properties common to empirical datasets. We applied this improved algorithm to two partly overlapping datasets of the Influenza A virus HA sequences sampled around the world—one with 500 samples and the other with only 175—for comparison. We report and compare the global migration patterns and seasonal dynamics inferred from each dataset. In this way, we show the information that is gained by analyzing the bigger dataset, which became possible with the presented algorithmic changes to bdmm. In summary, bdmm allows for the robust, faster, and more general phylodynamic inference of larger datasets.

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Yapsaklı, K., and Ferhan Çeçen. "Use of an enriched inoculum for determination of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) in drinking water." Water Supply 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2009.158.

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The original BDOC procedure requires the use of indigenous bacteria as a seed. Most of the time in original water samples either bacteria are insufficient in numbers or the diversity is not enough to reflect the biodegradable part of DOC. In this study, instead of using the water sample itself as an inoculum as in the original BDOC test, the bacteria originating from the Ömerli reservoir in İstanbul were acclimated in a suspended growth system to remove readily and slowly biodegradable DOC fractions from the reservoir water. This modified BDOC procedure was first tested on standard acetate solutions and later on raw and ozonated waters of the Ömerli reservoir. Additionally, the results of the modified procedure were compared with the original one by also testing the effectiveness of the indigenous seed from the reservoir. In order to determine the most suitable inoculum amount in the modified BDOC procedure, different seeding ratios like 1:100, 1:250 and 1:500 (v/v) were tested. In both raw water and ozonated waters, higher BDOC readings were achieved at a seeding ratio of 1:100 than the original procedure. The results showed that the modified procedure resulted in more accurate results compared to the original one and that using an acclimated culture can bring an improvement in BDOC measurement.

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Aida, Y., M. Ando, K. Takada, J. Momma, H. Yoshimoto, Y. Nakaji, Y. Kurokawa, and M. Tobe. "Practical Application of Microcapsulation for Toxicity Studies Using Bromodichloromethane as a Model Compound." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 8, no. 6 (November 1989): 1177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818909018075.

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Gelatin-starch syrup (food grade) microcapsulation was applied for toxicology studies of bromodichloromethane (BDCM). BDCM concentrations were stable for 120 days in the microcapsules and for 9 months when incorporated in the powder diet. BDCM concentration in the blood following the administration of microcapsules in olive oil suspension was retained at higher levels than when BDCM was administered as olive oil solution. Subsequently, the microcapsules were mixed in powder diet and were given at concentrations of microcapsulated BDCM of 0, 0.024, 0.072, and 0.215% to groups of 7 male Wistar rats for 1 month. For comparison, BDCM dissolved in olive oil was administered by gavage to groups of 7 male rats for 1 month at dosage levels adjusted to those in the feeding study (0, 20, 60, and 180 mg/kg body weight). Suppression of body weight gain was seen in the high-dosage groups in both the feeding and the gavage studies and was more severe in the former. Similar histopathologic lesions in the liver were shown in both studies, including vacuolization, swelling, and single necrosis of liver cells. Hepatic cord irregularity and bile duct proliferation were observed in the feeding study but not the gavage study. Serum biochemical changes, such as decreases in glucose, triglyceride, and cholinesterase levels, which reflected the histopathologic findings in the liver, were also observed in both studies. Accordingly, the microcapsulation process was proved to pose no qualitative toxic effects on toxicity of BDCM in short-term toxicity studies. It is concluded that the application of microcapsulation is useful for toxicity tests of volatile chemicals when incorporated into food.

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Xiong, Fei, and Xue Fan Wang. "Parameter Calculation of Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine Based on the Genetic Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 1261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.1261.

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Because of special structure for the Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine (BDFM) and complex magnetic field coupling of different pole pairs, general parameter calculation and experiment methods are not accurate and fit for the BDFM. A parameter calculation method of the equivalent circuit for the BDFM based on the genetic algorithm (GA) is presented in this paper. The parameters of the equivalent circuit are considered as a group of unknown variables to solve the mathematical equation in different operating conditions. The difference between calculated and measured values is taken as a target function to be minimized through optimizing the parameters of the equivalent circuit by using the GA. The calculated results show that the method is valid to solve the related problems and it is suitable to be applied in the parameter calculation for the BDFM.

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Ruan, Zhiwei, Chaohao Kan, Chenglong Chu, Taian Ren, and Qiuming Chen. "Improvements of the Starting Performance of A Novel Brushless Doubly-fed Motor Based on the Composite Coils." Energies 12, no. 6 (March 25, 2019): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061157.

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Brushless doubly-fed motor (BDFM) has well applicable potentials in the speed control driving field due to its excellent speed regulation performance. However, the poor starting performance becomes a shortage that still limits the development and application of wound BDFM. To solve the problem, this paper presents a novel BDFM adopted rotor winding based on the principle of the composite coil. Both the principle of the composite coil and the designed example of the rotor winding are analyzed in detail in this content, and the stator winding designed by the change-pole method is described. The performance of the prototype was tested by simulation and experiments, both results reveal that this method can effectively improve the starting performance of BDFM, the system is simplified, and the stability of it is prompted.

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Joret, J. C., Y. Levi, and C. Volk. "Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon (BDOC) Content of Drinking Water and Potential Regrowth of Bacteria." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 2 (July 1, 1991): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0036.

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Biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) in water is evaluated by the DOC reduction in the sample inoculated with a natural biomass, fixed on sand particles, within a few days incubation period. Recorded BDOC values are independent of the origin of the inoculum. This bioassay is accurate, precise, gives reproducible results and is sufficiently sensitive even for distributed water. A good relationship between BDOC values and the regrowth potential of presterilised samples of water reinoculated with Ps. fluorescens or mixed natural populations of bacteria is observed.

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Choi, Yongjun, Sangrak Lee, Duck-Min Ha, Youngjun Na, and Doo-Hwan Kim. "Fermentation characteristics of bedded pack barn dairy cattle manure on methane yield, carbon, and nitrogen content in solid-state anaerobic digestion." PeerJ 10 (October 14, 2022): e14134. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14134.

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This study aimed to estimate the fermentation characteristics of bedded pack barn dairy cattle manure (BDCM) in terms of methane yield, fibrous material, and nitrogen content in batch solid-state anaerobic digestion (SSAD). SSAD was performed in triplicate using a 1,400 ml polypropylene bottle at a constant temperature of 39 °C until less than 1% methane was produced. The cumulative methane content of BDCM was 142.5 N mL/g volatile solids (VSs). The methane content rapidly increased for 18 days, reaching 63.4 ± 4.6% until the end of the experiment. The ultimate biodegradability and total VS removal of BDCM were 23.1 and 19.0%, respectively. The slopes of the non-fibrous and hemicellulose carbon fractions, and acid detergent insoluble carbon by digestion time were −0.174 (p < 0.001), −0.141 (p = 0.003), and −0.051 (p < 0.001), respectively. The non-fibrous and hemicellulose nitrogen fraction contents quadratically decreased during SSAD (p = 0.001 and p = 0.008). No significant decrease was observed in the acid detergent insoluble nitrogen content (p = 0.840). The results of the present study provide basic data on the digestion characteristics of BDCM and could help determine fermentation conditions in the anaerobic digestion of BDCM.

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Servais, P., G. Billen, P. Laurent, Y. Levi, and G. Randon. "Studies of BDOC and bacterial dynamics in the drinking water distribution system of the Northern Parisian suburbs." Revue des sciences de l'eau 5 (April 12, 2005): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705154ar.

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The deterioration of water quality in distribution systems due to bacterial regrowth is, at the present time, a major concern of drinking water producers. In this context, a good knowledge of the factors controlling bacterial development is required; the aim of the present study is to understand the rote of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) in the bacterial dynamics of the distribution system. This paper discusses the results obtained in a study carried out in order to assess the dynamics of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon and suspended bacteria in the water distribution system of the Northern Parisian suburbs lad by the Méry-sur-Oise treatment plant. The results show clearly that a significant decrease in BDOC occurs within the smallest pipes, when the BDOC level in the finished water is higher than about 0.20 mgC.L-1. However, no decrease in BDOC is observed when the BDOC in the finished water is lower than 0.16 mgC.L-1. The bacterial abundance in the distribution system is primarily linked to the absence of free chicane. Temperature and BDOC concentration in the finished water are also major controlling factors of bacterial numbers. Bacterial growth rates are in the range 0.005 to 0.1 h-1 in the absence of free chlorine, the highest of these values are in the same range as the growth rates measured for bacteria in natural aquatic ecosystems. Fixed biomass to the inner pipes surface are in the range 0.25 to 0.65 µgC.cm-2 and the average growth rate of fixed bacteria seems to be roughly in the same order of magnitude as the average growth rate of the suspended bacteria. A model of the dynamics of BDOC and bacteria in distribution network, incorporating the knowledge gained from this and previous studies concerning the control of bacterial activity by dissolved organic matter, is presented. It involves a mathematical representation of the kinetics of bacterial adsorption-desorption processes, bacterial attachment, bacterial utilization of biodegradable dissolved organic matter and impact of chlorine on free and fixed bacteria. It allows simulation of the impact of reducing the BDOC in the finished water on processes associated with bacterial regrowth in the distribution network..

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Zhang, Jun, and Xue Fan Wang. "Investigation of Output Power and Efficiency of Wound-Rotor Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 1604–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.1604.

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Brushless Doubly-fed Machine (BDFM) is a new type of the induction machine, which has wide application in the fields of variable-speed generator and drive systems. The key factor affecting its performance is the rotor structure. In this paper, taking wound-rotor BDFM for instance, firstly, according to the relationship between the equivalent circuit parameters of the BDFM, the core equivalent circuit model of the BDFM has been derived. Secondly, based on the core equivalent circuit model and the constraints of electromagnetic load, the power distribution between the power and control windings and the constraint condition of maximum output of active power has been obtained. Thirdly, according to the simplified model of the equivalent circuit, the copper loss and the relationship between the output power and efficiency of the machine have been investigated. Finally, the anlysis results are verified by the experimental data.

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Journal articles on the topic 'BDOM'

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