Academic literature on the topic 'BDI Logics'

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Journal articles on the topic "BDI Logics"

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Grabovskis, Arvids, and Janis Grundspenkis. "Identification of Relations between BDI Logic and BDI Agents." Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Computer Sciences 44, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10143-011-0018-1.

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Identification of Relations between BDI Logic and BDI AgentsBDI (Beliefs, Desires, Intentions) is one of the most popular intelligent agent architectures which was inspired by multi-modal BDI logics. The main idea behind BDI is to implement system's behaviour by specifying it as a set of mental objects. This allows designing systems at a high level of abstraction which come closer to a human-like thinking. Although this architecture has been rapidly developing for about 20 years, its relevance to BDI logic is still arguable. This paper describes the basics of modal logic and main inference algorithms. Main concepts of BDI agents are presented and their relationships with BDI logic are discussed. Finally advantages and disadvantages of implementing BDI interpreter as a theorem prover are discussed.
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Herzig, Andreas, Emiliano Lorini, Laurent Perrussel, and Zhanhao Xiao. "BDI Logics for BDI Architectures: Old Problems, New Perspectives." KI - Künstliche Intelligenz 31, no. 1 (October 18, 2016): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13218-016-0457-5.

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Rao, A. "Decision procedures for BDI logics." Journal of Logic and Computation 8, no. 3 (June 1, 1998): 293–342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/8.3.293.

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Benrouba, Ferdaous, and Rachid Boudour. "A Model Combining BDI Logic and Temporal Logics for Decision-Making in Emergency." International Journal of Advances in Soft Computing and its Applications 14, no. 3 (November 28, 2022): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15849/ijasca.221128.03.

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Abstract Nowadays, we are dealing with panic and unpleasant situations in which, we are constrained to make crucial decisions in a limited delay, due to the mixed emotions that may affect our decision, especially FEAR, this kind of emotion occurs when unwanted or uncontrollable events are present in the environment. These recent years, fear modelling has been well researched and since this emotion is usually associated with the fact that one or more fundamental desires are at stake Unluckily, most of these models miss that FEAR does not always occur similarly in all agents. This paper proposes a new conceptual architecture with a new component by extending BDI logic with the emotion of FEAR, so that the new Emotional-BDI agents may better cope with extremely dynamic unpleasant situations in their surroundings. We also address how we verify the emotional properties by employing a model checker NuSMV. The proposed architecture confirms that NuSMV can be applied to verify the emotional specifications we can program agents that are capable of reasoning over emotions, our experimental results indicate the viability and efficiency of our model. Keywords: Emotional-BDI, Model checking, NuSMV, CUDD, Unpleasant situations.
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Dziubiński, Marcin. "Modal context restriction for multiagent BDI logics." Artificial Intelligence Review 55, no. 4 (October 6, 2021): 3075–151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10462-021-10064-6.

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AbstractWe present and discuss a novel language restriction for modal logics for multiagent systems, called modal context restriction, that reduces the complexity of the satisfiability problem from EXPTIME complete to NPTIME complete. We focus on BDI multimodal logics that contain fix-point modalities like common beliefs and mutual intentions together with realism and introspection axioms. We show how this combination of modalities and axioms affects complexity of the satisfiability problem and how it can be reduced by restricting the modal context of formulas.
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Naoyuki, Nide, Shiro Takata, and Tadashi Araragi. "Deduction Systems for BDI Logics with Mental State Consistency." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 70, no. 5 (October 2002): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0661(04)80593-0.

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Petik, Jaroslav. "PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS OF THE MENTALISTIC LOGIC." Sophia. Human and Religious Studies Bulletin 14, no. 2 (2019): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/sophia.2019.14.9.

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Paper deals with philosophical problems of mentalistic logic. Mentalistic logic is a formal system that concentrates on underpinning processes of mental life instead of certain elements of extrinsic rational behavior as most of existing logics (like BDI calculi) do. The project is compared to the existing logics of actions. Mentalistic logic is patually a formal system and partually phenomenological study of human mind. We presume formal signs such as propositions and modal operators refer to mental states and can describe the general structure of mental activity. That is purely the approach of classical phenomenology – the study of experience and its structures. On the other hand the usage of formal logic is a classic analytic philosophy of mind. So the things are getting more complicated when taking in consideration that the initial framework of a study is analytic philosophy and not continental phenomenology. Phenomenology is of different intellectual and methodological tradition than any type of analytic philosophy including analytic philosophy of mind. From that stanpoint it may be said that paper is also interesting as a purely methodological project – it tries to find bridges between phenomenology and philosophy of mind. As for the action logics, mentalistic logic also studies rational behavior but does it on the other lever and often with a different purpose. The main problem in this case is philosophical interpretation of modality. Minor problems include shared content, many leveled self-referential structures and vagueness. The paper also studies brain in a vatt thought experiment as a methodological concept. The research will have implications for philosophy of logic, artificial intelligence and theory of reference.
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LARCHEY-WENDLING, DOMINIQUE, and DIDIER GALMICHE. "Exploring the relation between Intuitionistic BI and Boolean BI: an unexpected embedding." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 19, no. 3 (June 2009): 435–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129509007567.

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The logic of Bunched Implications, through both its intuitionistic version (BI) and one of its classical versions, called Boolean BI (BBI), serves as a logical basis to spatial or separation logic frameworks. In BI, the logical implication is interpreted intuitionistically whereas it is generally interpreted classically in spatial or separation logics, as in BBI. In this paper, we aim to give some new insights into the semantic relations between BI and BBI. Then we propose a sound and complete syntactic constraints based framework for the Kripke semantics of both BI and BBI, a sound labelled tableau proof system for BBI, and a representation theorem relating the syntactic models of BI to those of BBI. Finally, we deduce as our main, and unexpected, result, a sound and faithful embedding of BI into BBI.
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Cruz, Anderson, André V. dos Santos, Regivan H. N. Santiago, and Benjamin Bedregal. "A Fuzzy Semantic for BDI Logic." Fuzzy Information and Engineering 13, no. 2 (April 3, 2021): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16168658.2021.1915455.

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Blee, Jeff, David Billington, Guido Governatori, and Abdul Sattar. "Levels of modality for BDI Logic." Journal of Applied Logic 9, no. 4 (December 2011): 250–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jal.2011.08.002.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "BDI Logics"

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Nair, Vineet, and n/a. "On Extending BDI Logics." Griffith University. School of Information Technology, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030929.095254.

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In this thesis we extend BDI logics, which are normal multimodal logics with an arbitrary set of normal modal operators, from three different perspectives. Firstly, based on some recent developments in modal logic, we examine BDI logics from a combining logic perspective and apply combination techniques like fibring/dovetailing for explaining them. The second perspective is to extend the underlying logics so as to include action constructs in an explicit way based on some recent action-related theories. The third perspective is to adopt a non-monotonic logic like defeasible logic to reason about intentions in BDI. As such, the research captured in this thesis is theoretical in nature and situated at the crossroads of various disciplines relevant to Artificial Intelligence (AI). More specifically this thesis makes the following contributions: 1. Combining BDI Logics through fibring/dovetailing: BDI systems modeling rational agents have a combined system of logics of belief, time and intention which in turn are basically combinations of well understood modal logics. The idea behind combining logics is to develop general techniques that allow to produce combinations of existing and well understood logics. To this end we adopt Gabbay's fibring/dovetailing technique to provide a general framework for the combinations of BDI logics. We show that the existing BDI framework is a dovetailed system. Further we give conditions on the fibring function to accommodate interaction axioms of the type G [superscript k,l,m,n] ([diamond][superscript k] [superscript l] [phi] [implies] [superscript m] [diamond][superscript n] [phi]) based on Catach's multimodal semantics. This is a major result when compared with other combining techniques like fusion which fails to accommodate axioms of the above type. 2. Extending the BDI framework to accommodate Composite Actions: Taking motivation from a recent work on BDI theory, we incorporate the notion of composite actions, [pi]-1; [pi]-2 (interpreted as [pi]-1 followed by [pi]-2), to the existing BDI framework. To this end we introduce two new constructs Result and Opportunity which helps in reasoning about the actual execution of such actions. We give a set of axioms that can accommodate the new constructs and analyse the set of commitment axioms as given in the original work in the background of the new framework. 3. Intention reasoning as Defeasible reasoning: We argue for a non-monotonic logic of intention in BDI as opposed to the usual normal modal logic one. Our argument is based on Bratman's policy-based intention. We show that policy-based intention has a defeasible/non-monotonic nature and hence the traditional normal modal logic approach to reason about such intentions fails. We give a formalisation of policy-based intention in the background of defeasible logic. The problem of logical omniscience which usually accompanies normal modal logics is avoided to a great extend through such an approach.
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Birštunas, Adomas. "Sequent calculi with an efficient loop-check for BDI logics." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100302_095327-67575.

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Sequent calculi for BDI logics is a research object of the thesis. BDI logics are widely used for agent system description and implementation. Agents are autonomous systems, those acts in some environment and aspire to achieve preassigned goals. Implementation of the decision making is the main and the most complicated part in agent systems implementation. Logic calculi may be used for the decision making implementation. In this thesis, there are researched sequent calculi for BDI logics. Sequent calculi for BDI logics, like sequent calculi for other modal logics, use loop-check technique to get decidability. Inefficient loop-check takes a major part of the resources used for the derivation. For some modal logics, there are known loop-check free sequent calculi or calculi with an efficient loop-check. In this thesis, there is presented loop-check free sequent calculus for KD45 logic, which is the main fragment of the BDI logics. Introduced calculus not only eliminates loop-check, but also simplifies sequent derivation. For the branching time logic (another BDI logic fragment) there is presented sequent calculus with an efficient loop-check. Obtained results are adapted for creation sequent calculi for monoagent and multiagent BDI logics. Introduced calculi use only restricted loop-check. Moreover, loop-check is totally eliminated for some types of the loops. These results enables to create more efficient agent systems, those are based on the BDI logics.
Darbe nagrinėjami sekvenciniai skaičiavimai BDI logikoms. BDI logikos yra plačiai naudojamos agentinių sistemų aprašymui ir realizavimui. Agentai yra autonomiškos sistemos, kurios veikia kažkurioje aplinkoje ir siekia įvykdyti iš anksto apibrėžtus tikslus. Sprendimų priėmimo realizavimas yra svarbiausia ir sudėtingiausia dalis realizuojant agentines sistemas. Sprendimo priėmimo realizavimui gali būti naudojami logikos skaičiavimai. Šiame darbe ir yra nagrinėjami sekvenciniai skaičiavimai BDI logikoms. BDI logikose, kaip ir kitose modalumo logikose, yra naudojama ciklų paieška išsprendžiamumui gauti. Neefektyvi ciklų paieška užima didesnę išvedimų paieškos resursų dalį. Kai kurioms modalumo logikoms yra žinomi becikliai skaičiavimai ar skaičiavimai naudojantys efektyvią ciklų paiešką. Šiame darbe yra pateikiamas beciklis sekvencinis skaičiavimas KD45 logikai, kuri yra esminis BDI logikų fragmentas. Pateiktas skaičiavimas ne tik eliminuoja ciklų paiešką, bet ir supaprastina patį sekvencijos išvedimą. Skaidaus laiko logikai (kitam BDI logikų fragmentui) yra pateikiamas sekvencinis skaičiavimas naudojantis efektyvią ciklų paiešką. Gauti rezultatai yra pritaikyti sukuriant sekvencinius skaičiavimus vianaagentinei ir daugiaagentinei BDI logikoms. Pristatyti skaičiavimai naudoja tik apribotą ciklų paiešką. Be to, kai kurių tipų ciklus eliminuoja visiškai. Šie rezultatai įgalina kurti efektyvesnes agentines sistemas, paremtas BDI logikomis.
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Xiao, Zhanhao. "Raffinement des intentions." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10051/document.

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Birštunas, Adomas. "Sekvenciniai skaičiavimai BDI logikoms su efektyvia ciklų paieška." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100302_095338-77193.

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Darbe nagrinėjami sekvenciniai skaičiavimai BDI logikoms. BDI logikos yra plačiai naudojamos agentinių sistemų aprašymui ir realizavimui. Agentai yra autonomiškos sistemos, kurios veikia kažkurioje aplinkoje ir siekia įvykdyti iš anksto apibrėžtus tikslus. Sprendimų priėmimo realizavimas yra svarbiausia ir sudėtingiausia dalis realizuojant agentines sistemas. Sprendimo priėmimo realizavimui gali būti naudojami logikos skaičiavimai. Šiame darbe ir yra nagrinėjami sekvenciniai skaičiavimai BDI logikoms. BDI logikose, kaip ir kitose modalumo logikose, yra naudojama ciklų paieška išsprendžiamumui gauti. Neefektyvi ciklų paieška užima didesnę išvedimų paieškos resursų dalį. Kai kurioms modalumo logikoms yra žinomi becikliai skaičiavimai ar skaičiavimai naudojantys efektyvią ciklų paiešką. Šiame darbe yra pateikiamas beciklis sekvencinis skaičiavimas KD45 logikai, kuri yra esminis BDI logikų fragmentas. Pateiktas skaičiavimas ne tik eliminuoja ciklų paiešką, bet ir supaprastina patį sekvencijos išvedimą. Skaidaus laiko logikai (kitam BDI logikų fragmentui) yra pateikiamas sekvencinis skaičiavimas naudojantis efektyvią ciklų paiešką. Gauti rezultatai yra pritaikyti sukuriant sekvencinius skaičiavimus vianaagentinei ir daugiaagentinei BDI logikoms. Pristatyti skaičiavimai naudoja tik apribotą ciklų paiešką. Be to, kai kurių tipų ciklus eliminuoja visiškai. Šie rezultatai įgalina kurti efektyvesnes agentines sistemas, paremtas BDI logikomis.
Sequent calculi for BDI logics is a research object of the thesis. BDI logics are widely used for agent system description and implementation. Agents are autonomous systems, those acts in some environment and aspire to achieve preassigned goals. Implementation of the decision making is the main and the most complicated part in agent systems implementation. Logic calculi may be used for the decision making implementation. In this thesis, there are researched sequent calculi for BDI logics. Sequent calculi for BDI logics, like sequent calculi for other modal logics, use loop-check technique to get decidability. Inefficient loop-check takes a major part of the resources used for the derivation. For some modal logics, there are known loop-check free sequent calculi or calculi with an efficient loop-check. In this thesis, there is presented loop-check free sequent calculus for KD45 logic, which is the main fragment of the BDI logics. Introduced calculus not only eliminates loop-check, but also simplifies sequent derivation. For the branching time logic (another BDI logic fragment) there is presented sequent calculus with an efficient loop-check. Obtained results are adapted for creation sequent calculi for monoagent and multiagent BDI logics. Introduced calculi use only restricted loop-check. Moreover, loop-check is totally eliminated for some types of the loops. These results enables to create more efficient agent systems, those are based on the BDI logics.
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Forti, Maicol. "Logic Reasoning in BDI Agents: Current Trends and Spatial Integrations." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23426/.

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This thesis finds its place in the context of BDI agents and aims to enable a form of situated spatial reasoning. A survey is proposed in which the possible techniques and technologies that can be integrated into the BDI model to provide a form of spatial reasoning are analyzed. This review highlights a technological gap that we have therefore decided to fill, with the goal of providing a way to locate logical information in certain spatial areas and to be able to constrain reasoning on them. In this thesis we propose Geo2p, a technological prototype based on 2P-Kt that allows you to query situated information in tuProlog, enabling a form of spatial reasoning: given a region of space where certain Clauses are valid, a Theory can be defined, constraining the knowledge on what is true in the selected area.
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Cruz, Anderson Paiva. "L?gica BDI fuzzy." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17995.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:47:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndersonPC.pdf: 869261 bytes, checksum: 91e1d275a5e4a9bad4ad9b5124d11a65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-26
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Intendding to understand how the human mind operates, some philosophers and psycologists began to study about rationality. Theories were built from those studies and nowadays that interest have been extended to many other areas such as computing engineering and computing science, but with a minimal distinction at its goal: to understand the mind operational proccess and apply it on agents modelling to become possible the implementation (of softwares or hardwares) with the agent-oriented paradigm where agents are able to deliberate their own plans of actions. In computing science, the sub-area of multiagents systems has progressed using several works concerning artificial intelligence, computational logic, distributed systems, games theory and even philosophy and psycology. This present work hopes to show how it can be get a logical formalisation extention of a rational agents architecture model called BDI (based in a philosophic Bratman s Theory) in which agents are capable to deliberate actions from its beliefs, desires and intentions. The formalisation of this model is called BDI logic and it is a modal logic (in general it is a branching time logic) with three access relations: B, D and I. And here, it will show two possible extentions that tranform BDI logic in a modal-fuzzy logic where the formulae and the access relations can be evaluated by values from the interval [0,1]
Com o intuito de entender como a mente humana funciona iniciaram-se estudos sobre cogni??o nos campos da filosofia e psicologia. Teorias surgiram desses estudos e, atualmente, esta curiosidade foi estendida a outras ?reas, tais como, ci?ncia e engenharia de computa??o, no entanto, nestas ?reas, o objetivo ? sutilmente diferente: entender o funcionamento da mente e aplic?-lo em uma modelagem artificial. Em ci?ncia da computa??o, a sub-?rea de sistemas multiagentes tem progredido bastante, utilizando trabalhos em intelig?ncia artificial, l?gica computacional, sistemas distribu?dos, teoria dos jogos e, aproveitando tamb?m teorias provenientes da pr?pria filosofia e psicologia. Desta forma, alguns pesquisadores j? v?em o paradigma de programa??o orientado a agentes como a melhor solu??o para a implementa??o dos softwares mais complexos: cujos sistemas s?o din?micos, n?o-determin?sticos e que podem ter de operar com dados faltosos sobre ambientes tamb?m din?micos e n?o-determin?sticos. Este trabalho busca a apresenta??o de uma extens?o da formaliza??o l?gica de um modelo de arquitetura de agentes cognitivos, chamado BDI (belief-desire-intention), na qual o agente ? capaz de deliberar suas a??es baseando-se em suas cren?as, desejos e inten??es. A formaliza??o de tal modelo ? conhecida pelo nome de l?gica BDI, uma l?gica modal com tr?s rela??es de modalidade. Neste trabalho, ser?o apresentados dois planos para transform?-la numa l?gica modal fuzzy onde as rela??es de acessibilidade e as f?rmulas (modais-fuzzy) poder?o ter valora??es dentro do intervalo [0,1]. Esta l?gica modal fuzzy h? de ser um sistema l?gico formal capaz de representar quantitativamente os diferentes graus de cren?as, desejos e inten??es objetivando a constru??o de racioc?nios fuzzy e a delibera??o de a??es de um agente (ou grupo de agentes), atrav?s dessas atitudes mentais (seguindo assim um modelo intensional)
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Mora, Michael da Costa. "Um Modelo formal e executável de agentes BDI." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/3955.

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Modelos BDI (ou seja, modelos Beliefs-Desires-Intentions models) de agentes têm sido utilizados já há algum tempo. O objetivo destes modelos é permitir a caracterização de agentes utilizando noções antropomórficas, tais como estados mentais e ações. Usualmente, estas noções e suas propriedades são formalmente definidas utilizandos formalismos lógicos que permitem aos teóricos analisar, especificar e verificar agentes racionais. No entanto, apesar de diversos sistemas já terem sido desenvolvidos baseados nestes modelos, é geralmente aceito que existe uma distância significativa entre esta lógicas BDI poderosas e sistemas reais. Este trabalho defende que a principal razão para a existência desta distância é que os formalismos lógicos utilizados para definir os modelos de agentes não possuem uma semântica operacional que os suporte. Por “semântica operacional” entende-se tanto procedimentos de prova que sejam corretos e completos em relação à semântica da lógica, bem como mecanismos que realizem os diferentes tipos de raciocínio necessários para se modelar agentes. Há, pelo menos, duas abordagens que podem ser utilizadas para superar esta limitação dos modelos BDI. Uma é estender as lógicas BDI existentes com a semântica operacional apropriada de maneira que as teorias de agentes se tornem computacionais. Isto pode ser alcançado através da definição daqueles procedimentos de prova para as lógicas usadas na definição dos estados mentais. A outra abordagem é definir os modelos BDI utilizando formalismos lógicos apropriados que sejam, ao mesmo tempo, suficientemente poderosos para representar estados mentais e que possuam procedimentos operacionais que permitam a utilizaçao da lógica como um formalismo para representação do conhecimento, ao se construir os agentes. Esta é a abordagem seguida neste trabalho. Assim, o propósito deste trabalho é apresentar um modelo BDI que, além de ser um modelo formal de agente, seja também adequado para ser utilizado para implementar agentes. Ao invés de definir um novo formalismo lógico, ou de estender um formalismo existente com uma semântica operacional, define-se as noções de crenças, desejos e intenções utilizando um formalismo lógico que seja, ao mesmo tempo, formalmente bem-definido e computacional. O formalismo escolhido é a Programação em Lógica Estendida com Negação Explícita (ELP) com a semântica dada pelaWFSX (Well-Founded Semantics with Explicit Negation - Semântica Bem-Fundada com Negação Explícita). ELP com a WFSX (referida apenas por ELP daqui para frente) estende programas em lógica ditos normais com uma segunda negação, a negação explícita1. Esta extensão permite que informação negativa seja explicitamente representada (como uma crença que uma propriedade P não se verifica, que uma intenção I não deva se verificar) e aumenta a expressividade da linguagem. No entanto, quando se introduz informação negativa, pode ser necessário ter que se lidar com programas contraditórios. A ELP, além de fornecer os procedimentos de prova necessários para as teorias expressas na sua linguagem, também fornece um mecanismo para determinar como alterar minimamente o programa em lógica de forma a remover as possíveis contradições. O modelo aqui proposto se beneficia destas características fornecidas pelo formalismo lógico. Como é usual neste tipo de contexto, este trabalho foca na definição formal dos estados mentais em como o agente se comporta, dados tais estados mentais. Mas, constrastando com as abordagens até hoje utilizadas, o modelo apresentanto não é apenas uma especificação de agente, mas pode tanto ser executado de forma a verificar o comportamento de um agente real, como ser utilizado como mecanismo de raciocínio pelo agente durante sua execução. Para construir este modelo, parte-se da análise tradicional realizada na psicologia de senso comum, onde além de crenças e desejos, intenções também é considerada como um estado mental fundamental. Assim, inicialmente define-se estes três estados mentais e as relações estáticas entre eles, notadamente restrições sobre a consistência entre estes estados mentais. Em seguida, parte-se para a definição de aspectos dinâmicos dos estados mentais, especificamente como um agente escolhe estas intenções, e quando e como ele revisa estas intenções. Em resumo, o modelo resultante possui duas características fundamentais:(1) ele pode ser usado como um ambiente para a especificação de agentes, onde é possível definir formalmente agentes utilizando estados mentais, definir formalmente propriedades para os agentes e verificar se estas propriedades são satifeitas pelos agentes; e (2) também como ambientes para implementar agentes.
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Souza, Marlo Vieira dos Santos e. "Choices that make you chnage your mind : a dynamic epistemic logic approach to the semantics of BDI agent programming languages." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150039.

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Dada a importância de agentes inteligentes e sistemas multiagentes na Ciência da Computação e na Inteligência Artificial, a programação orientada a agentes (AOP, do inglês Agent-oriented programming) emergiu como um novo paradigma para a criação de sistemas computacionais complexos. Assim, nas últimas décadas, houve um florescimento da literatura em programação orientada a agentes e, com isso, surgiram diversas linguages de programação seguindo tal paradigma, como AgentSpeak (RAO, 1996; BORDINI; HUBNER; WOOLDRIDGE, 2007), Jadex (POKAHR; BRAUBACH; LAMERSDORF, 2005), 3APL/2APL (DASTANI; VAN RIEMSDIJK; MEYER, 2005; DASTANI, 2008), GOAL (HINDRIKS et al., 2001), entre outras. Programação orientada a agentes é um paradigma de programação proposto por Shoham (1993) no qual os elementos mínimos de um programa são agentes. Shoham (1993) defende que agentes autônomos e sistemas multiagentes configuram-se como uma forma diferente de se organizar uma solução para um problema computacional, de forma que a construção de um sistema multiagente para a solução de um problema pode ser entendida como um paradgima de programação. Para entender tal paradigma, é necessário entender o conceito de agente. Agente, nesse contexto, é uma entidade computacional descrita por certos atributos - chamados de atitudes mentais - que descrevem o seu estado interno e sua relação com o ambiente externo. Atribuir a interpretação de atitudes mentais a tais atributos é válida, defende Shoham (1993), uma vez que esses atributos se comportem de forma semelhante as atitudes mentais usadas para descrever o comportamento humano e desde que sejam pragmaticamente justificáveis, i.e. úteis à solução do problema. Entender, portanto, o significado de termos como ’crença’, ’desejo’, ’intenção’, etc., assim como suas propriedades fundamentais, é de fundamental importância para estabelecer linguagens de programação orientadas a agentes. Nesse trabalho, vamos nos preocupar com um tipo específico de linguagens de programação orientadas a agentes, as chamadas linguagens BDI. Linguagens BDI são baseadas na teoria BDI da Filosofia da Ação em que o estado mental de um agente (e suas ações) é descrito por suas crenças, desejos e intenções. Enquanto a construção de sistemas baseados em agentes e linguagens de programação foram tópicos bastante discutidos na literatura, a conexão entre tais sistemas e linguagens com o trabalho teórico proveniente da Inteligência Artificial e da Filosofia da Ação ainda não está bem estabelecida. Essa distância entre a teoria e a prática da construção de sistemas é bem reconhecida na literatura relevante e comumente chamada de “gap semântico” (gap em inglês significa lacuna ou abertura e representa a distância entre os modelos teóricos e sua implementação em linguagens e sistemas). Muitos trabalhos tentaram atacar o problema do gap semântico para linguagens de programação específicas, como para as linguagens AgentSpeak (BORDINI; MOREIRA, 2004), GOAL (HINDRIKS; VAN DER HOEK, 2008), etc. De fato, Rao (1996, p. 44) afirma que “O cálice sagrado da pesquisa em agentes BDI é mostrar uma correspondência 1-a-1 com uma linguagem razoavelmente útil e expressiva” (tradução nossa)1 Uma limitação crucial, em nossa opinião, das tentativas passadas de estabeler uma conexão entre linguagens de programação orientadas a agentes e lógicas BDI é que elas se baseiam em estabelecer a interpretação de um programa somente no nível estático. De outra forma, dado um estado de um programa, tais trabalhos tentam estabelecer uma interpretação declarativa, i.e. baseada em lógica, do estado do programa respresentando assim o estado mental do agente. Não é claro, entretanto, como a execução do programa pode ser entendida enquanto mudanças no estado mental do agente. A razão para isso, nós acreditamos, está nos formalismos utilizados para especificar agentes BDI. De fato, as lógicas BDI propostas são, em sua maioria, estáticas ou incapazes de representar ações mentais. O ato de revisão uma crença, adotar um objetivo ou mudar de opinião são exemplos de ações mentais, i.e. ações que são executadas internarmente ao agente e afetando somente seu estado mental, sendo portanto não observáveis. Tais ações são, em nossa opinião, intrinsecamente diferentes de ações ônticas que consistem de comportamento observável e que possivelmente afeta o ambiente externo ao agente. Essa diferença é comumente reconhecida no estudo da semântica de linguagens de programação orientadas a agentes (BORDINI; HUBNER; WOOLDRIDGE, 2007; D’INVERNO et al., 1998; MENEGUZZI; LUCK, 2009), entretanto os formalismos disponíveis para se especificar raciocínio BDI, em nosso conhecimento, não provem recursos expressivos para codificar tal diferença. Nós acreditamos que, para atacar o gap semântico, precisamos de um ferramental semântico que permita a especificação de ações mentais, assim como ações ônticas. Lógicas Dinâmicas Epistêmicas (DEL, do inglês Dynamic Epistemic Logic) são uma família de lógicas modais dinâmicas largamente utilizadas para estudar os fenômenos de mudança do estado mental de agentes. Os trabalhos em DEL foram fortemente influenciados pela escola holandesa de lógica, com maior proponente Johna Van Benthem, e seu “desvio dinâmico” em lógica (dynamic turn em inglês) que propõe a utilização de lógicas dinâmicas para compreender ações de mudanças mentais (VAN BENTHEM, 1996). O formalismo das DEL deriva de diversas vertentes do estudo de mudança epistêmica, como o trabalho em teoria da Revisão de Crenças AGM (ALCHOURRÓN; GÄRDENFORS; MAKINSON, 1985), e Epistemologia Bayesiana (HÁJEK; HARTMANN, 2010). Tais lógicas adotam a abordagem, primeiro proposta por Segerberg (1999), de representar mudanças epistêmicas dentro da mesma linguagem utilizada para representar as noções de crença e conhecimento, diferente da abordagem extra-semântica do Revisão de Crenças a la AGM. No contexto das DEL, uma lógica nos parece particulamente interessante para o estudo de programação orientada a agentes: a Lógica Dinâmica de Preferências (DPL, do inglês Dynamic Preference Logic) de Girard (2008). DPL, também conhecida como lógica dinâmica de ordem, é uma lógica dinâmica para o estudo de preferências que possui grande expressibilidade para codificar diversas atiutudes mentais. De fato, tal lógica foi empregada para o estudo de obrigações (VAN BENTHEM; GROSSI; LIU, 2014), crenças (GIRARD; ROTT, 2014), preferências (GIRARD, 2008), etc. Tal lógica possui fortes ligações com raciocínio não-monotônico e com lógicas já propostas para o estudo de atitudes mentais na área de Teoria da Decisão (BOUTILIER, 1994b) Nós acreditamos que DPL constitui um candidato ideal para ser utilizado como ferramental semântico para se estudar atitudes mentais da teoria BDI por permitir grande flexibilidade para representação de tais atitudes, assim como por permitir a fácil representação de ações mentais como revisão de crenças, adoção de desejos, etc. Mais ainda, pelo trabalho de Liu (2011), sabemos que existem representações sintáticas dos modelos de tal lógica que podem ser utilizados para raciocinar sobre atitudes mentais, sendo assim candidatos naturais para serem utilizados como estruturas de dados para uma implementação semanticamente fundamentada de uma linguagem de programação orientada a agentes. Assim, nesse trabalho nós avançamos no problema de reduzir o gap semântico entre linguagens de programação orientadas a agentes e formalismos lógicos para especificar agentes BDI. Nós exploramos não somente como estabelecer as conexões entre as estruturas estáticas, i.e. estado de um programa e um modelo da lógica, mas também como as ações de raciocínio pelas quais se especifica a semântica formal de uma linguagem de programação orientada a agentes podem ser entendidas dentro da lógica como operadores dinâmicos que representam ações mentais do agente. Com essa conexão, nós provemos também um conjunto de operações que podem ser utilizadas para se implementar uma linguagem de programação orientada a agentes e que preservam a conexão entre os programas dessa linguagem e os modelos que representam o estado mental de um agente. Finalmente, com essas conexões, nós desenvolvemos um arcabouço para estudar a dinâmica de atitudes mentais, tais como crenças, desejos e inteções, e como reproduzir essas propriedades na semântica de linguagens de programação.
As the notions of Agency and Multiagent System became important topics for the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence communities, Agent Programming has been proposed as a paradigm for the development of computer systems. As such, in the last decade, we have seen the flourishing of the literature on Agent Programming with the proposal of several programming languages, e.g. AgentSpeak (RAO, 1996; BORDINI; HUBNER;WOOLDRIDGE, 2007), Jadex (POKAHR; BRAUBACH; LAMERSDORF, 2005), JACK (HOWDEN et al., 2001), 3APL/2APL (DASTANI; VAN RIEMSDIJK; MEYER, 2005; DASTANI, 2008), GOAL (HINDRIKS et al., 2001), among others. Agent Programming is a programming paradigm proposed by Shoham (1993) in which the minimal units are agents. An agent is an entity composed of mental attitudes, that describe the its internal state - such as its motivations and decisions - as well as its relation to the external world - its beliefs about the world, its obligations, etc. This programming paradigm stems from the work on Philosophy of Action and Artificial Intelligence concerning the notions of intentional action and formal models of agents’ mental states. As such, the meaning (and properties) of notions such as belief, desire, intention, etc. as studied in these disciplines are of central importance to the area. Particularly, we will concentrate in our work on agent programming languages influenced by the so-called BDI paradigm of agency, in which an agent is described by her beliefs, desires, intentions. While the engineering of such languages has been much discussed, the connections between the theoretical work on Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence and its implementations in programming languages are not so clearly understood yet. This distance between theory and practice has been acknowledged in the literature for agent programming languages and is commonly known as the “semantic gap”. Many authors have attempted to tackle this problem for different programming languages, as for the case of AgentSpeak (BORDINI; MOREIRA, 2004), GOAL (HINDRIKS; VAN DER HOEK, 2008), etc. In fact, Rao (1996, p. 44) states that “[t]he holy grail of BDI agent research is to show such a one-to-one correspondence with a reasonably useful and expressive language.” One crucial limitation in the previous attempts to connect agent programming languages and BDI logics, in our opinion, is that the connection is mainly established at the static level, i.e. they show how a given program state can be interpreted as a BDI mental state. It is not clear in these attempts, however, how the execution of the program may be understood as changes in the mental state of the agent. The reason for this, in our opinion, is that the formalisms employed to construct BDI logics are usually static, i.e. cannot represent actions and change, or can only represent ontic change, not mental change. The act of revising one’s beliefs or adopting a given desire are mental actions (or internal actions) and, as such, different from performing an action over the environment (an ontic or external action). This difference is well recognized in the literature on the semantics of agent programming languages (D’INVERNO et al., 1998; BORDINI; HUBNER; WOOLDRIDGE, 2007; MENEGUZZI; LUCK, 2009), but this difference is lost when translating their semantics into a BDI logic. We believe the main reason for that is a lack of expressibility in the formalisms used to model BDI reasoning. Dynamic Epistemic Logic, or DEL, is a family of dynamic modal logics to study information change and the dynamics of mental attitudes inspired by the Dutch School on the “dynamic turn” in Logic (VAN BENTHEM, 1996). This formalism stems from various approaches in the study of belief change and differs from previous studies, such as AGM Belief Revision, by shifting from extra-logical characterization of changes in the agents attitudes to their integration within the representation language. In the context of Dynamic Epistemic Logic, the Dynamic Preference Logic of Girard (2008) seems like an ideal candidate, having already been used to study diverse mental attitudes, such as Obligations (VAN BENTHEM; GROSSI; LIU, 2014), Beliefs (GIRARD; ROTT, 2014), Preferences (GIRARD, 2008), etc. We believe Dynamic Preference Logic to be the ideal semantic framework to construct a formal theory of BDI reasoning which can be used to specify an agent programming language semantics. The reason for that is that inside this logic we can faithfully represent the static state of a agent program, i.e. the agent’s mental state, as well as the changes in the state of the agent program by means of the agent’s reasoning, i.e. by means of her mental actions. As such, in this work we go further in closing the semantic gap between agent programs and agency theories and explore not only the static connections between program states and possible worlds models, but also how the program execution of a language based on common operations - such as addition/removal of information in the already mentioned bases - may be understood as semantic transformations in the models, as studied in Dynamic Logics. With this, we provide a set of operations for the implementation of agent programming languages which are semantically safe and we connect an agent program execution with the dynamic properties in the formal theory. Lastly, by these connections, we provide a framework to study the dynamics of different mental attitudes, such as beliefs, goals and intentions, and how to reproduce the desirable properties proposed in theories of Agency in a programming language semantics.
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Adam, Carole. "Emotions : from psychological theories to logical formalization and implementation in BDI agent." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000513/.

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Cette thèse s'intéresse aux émotions, et plus particulièrement à leur formalisation logique. La première partie est consacrée à l'état de l'art, du point de vue de la psychologie (exposé d'un historique des théories des émotions) et de l'informatique (présentation d'agents émotionnels et de leurs applications). La deuxième partie est consacrée à la formalisation logique des émotions. Elle introduit le formalisme logique utilisé, expose et argumente les définitions formelles de vingt émotions, et démontre certaines de leurs propriétés. Enfin la troisième partie est consacrée aux applications pratiques de ce travail et aux perspectives de continuation. Un tel travail apporte plusieurs contributions : il offre à la communauté agent un modèle formel d'un grand ensemble d'émotions ; il montre l'intérêt des logiques BDI ; enfin il ouvre des perspectives de recherche sur la dynamique des émotions et leur influence sur le comportement des agents, un domaine encore peu exploré
This thesis is about emotions, and more particularly about their logical formalization. The first part is dedicated to the state of the art, from the point of view of both psychology (history of theories of emotions) and computer science (presentation of emotional agents and their applications). The second aprt is dedicated to the logical formalisation of emotions. It introduces our logical framework, exposes and argues the formal definitions of twenty emotions, and proves some of their properties. Finally the last part is dedicated to practical applications and continuation prospects of this work. Such a work offers interesting contributions: it offers to the agent community a formal model of a great number of emotions; it shows the interest of BDI logics; and it opens research prospects about the dynamics of emotions and their influence on the behaviour of agents, a field not much explored for now
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Adam, Carole Herzig Andréas. "Emotions from psychological theories to logical formalization and implementation in BDI agent /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000513.

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Books on the topic "BDI Logics"

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Beijing Shi she hui ke xue jie lian he hui and Beijing Shi luo ji xue hui, eds. Luo ji xue bai nian. Beijing: Beijing chu ban she, 1999.

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Bai ma fei ma: Zhongguo ming bian si chao. [Beijing]: Xin hua chu ban she, 1993.

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Luo ji si wei: Mi mang shi dai de ming bai ren. Beijing: Bei jing lian he chu ban gong si, 2015.

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Tshad ma rnam ʼgrel gyi dgoṅs don legs par bśad pa blo gsal ʼjug bde lam bu. [Lanzhou]: Kan-suʼu mi rigs dpe skrun khaṅ, 1999.

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Tshad ma rig paʼi rmaṅ gźiʼi śes bya byis ʼjug bde lam źes bya ba bźugs so. Lhassa: Bod-ljoṅs mi dmaṅs dpe skrun khaṅ, 2011.

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Dingfu, Ni, ed. Jin Yuelin jie du "Mule ming xue": Ji nian Jin Yuelin xian sheng dan chen yi bai yi shi zhou nian. Beijing: Zhongguo she hui ke xue chu ban she, 2005.

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shi, PCuSER yan jiu, ed. Dian nao tu jie da bai ke: How computers work. Taibei Shi: Dian nao ren wen hua, 2004.

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Wu, Dennis. Towards scalable BDD-based logic synthesis. 2005.

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Wu, Dennis. Towards scalable BDD-based logic synthesis. 2005.

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Altrock, Constantin von, and Hans-Jürgen Zimmermann. Fuzzy Logic, 3 Bde., Bd.2, Anwendungen. Oldenbourg, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "BDI Logics"

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Governatori, Guido, Vineet Padmanabhan, and Abdul Sattar. "On Fibring Semantics for BDI Logics." In Logics in Artificial Intelligence, 198–210. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45757-7_17.

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Padmanabhan, Vineet, and Guido Governatori. "On Constructing Fibred Tableaux for BDI Logics." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 150–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36668-3_18.

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Schild, Klaus. "On the Relationship between BDI Logics and Standard Logics of Concurrency." In Intelligent Agents V: Agents Theories, Architectures, and Languages, 47–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-49057-4_4.

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Padmanabhan, Vineet, Guido Governatori, and Abdul Sattar. "Fibred BDI Logics: Completeness Preservation in the Presence of Interaction Axioms." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 63–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25725-4_6.

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Fan, Xiaocong, and John Yen. "A Framework for Splitting BDI Agents." In Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Reasoning, 160–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36078-6_11.

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Bryant, Randal E., and Marijn J. H. Heule. "Generating Extended Resolution Proofs with a BDD-Based SAT Solver." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 76–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2_5.

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AbstractIn 2006, Biere, Jussila, and Sinz made the key observation that the underlying logic behind algorithms for constructing Reduced, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) can be encoded as steps in a proof in theextended resolutionlogical framework. Through this, a BDD-based Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solver can generate a checkable proof of unsatisfiability. Such proofs indicate that the formula is truly unsatisfiable without requiring the user to trust the BDD package or the SAT solver built on top of it.We extend their work to enable arbitrary existential quantification of the formula variables, a critical capability for BDD-based SAT solvers. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by applying a prototype solver to obtain polynomially sized proofs on benchmarks for the mutilated chessboard and pigeonhole problems—ones that are very challenging for search-based SAT solvers.
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Eiter, Thomas, Georg Gottlob, and Heikki Mannila. "Disjunctive Logic Programming over Finite Structures." In Innovationen bei Rechen- und Kommunikationssystemen, 69–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51136-3_10.

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Loveland, D. W. "Proof Procedures for Disjunctive Logic Programming." In Innovationen bei Rechen- und Kommunikationssystemen, 92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51136-3_14.

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Adam, Carole, Benoit Gaudou, Andreas Herzig, and Dominique Longin. "OCC’s Emotions: A Formalization in a BDI Logic." In Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, and Applications, 24–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11861461_5.

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Blee, Jeff, David Billington, and Abdul Sattar. "Reasoning with Levels of Modalities in BDI Logic." In Agent Computing and Multi-Agent Systems, 410–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01639-4_39.

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Conference papers on the topic "BDI Logics"

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Naoyuki, NIDE, and Shiro Takata. "Deduction systems for BDI logics using sequent calculus." In the first international joint conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/544862.544955.

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Blee, Jeff, David Billington, Guido Governatori, and Abdul Sattar. "Levels of Modalities for BDI Logic." In 2008 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wiiat.2008.231.

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Yuan, Jinping, Aihua Bao, Li Yao, Xuetian Qi, and Fang Liu. "Defeasible logic base BDI agent for argumentation." In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems (ICIS 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicisys.2009.5357863.

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Xiao, Zhanhao. "Refinement of Intentions." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/771.

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The aim of this paper is to provide a logical analysis of intention refinement process which plays a fundamental role in the belief-desire-intention (BDI) theory. We briefly show the existing results: a logical framework for intention refinement and the extension of hierarchical task network (HTN) planning to capture high-level intentions. We also present two ongoing directions: extending our logical framework with hierarchical decomposition and revision of intentions based on instrumentality.
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Gao, Zi-Xiang, Zi-Li Wang, Yi Ren, De-Zhen Yang, Lin-Lin Liu, Qiang Feng, and Bo Sun. "Improved BDD Binary Logic Algorithm: Hidden BDD Algorithm." In 2019 International Conference on Quality, Reliability, Risk, Maintenance, and Safety Engineering (QR2MSE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qr2mse46217.2019.9021170.

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Halac, Tayfun Gokmen, Erdem Eser Ekinci, and Oguz Dikenelli. "Description Logic Based BDI Implementation for Goal-Directed Semantic Agents." In 2011 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence (WI) and Intelligent Agent Technologies (IAT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wi-iat.2011.192.

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Chen, Mei, and Xiaohui Hu. "Using Fuzzy Logic as a Reasoning Model for BDI Agents." In 2010 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering (CiSE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cise.2010.5676842.

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Osman, Nardine, Mark d'Inverno, Carles Sierra, Leila Amgoud, Henri Prade, Matthew Yee-King, Roberto Confalonieri, Dave de Jonge, and Katina Hazelden. "An experience-based BDI logic: Motivating shared experiences and intentionality." In IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2013.6700233.

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Kefalas, Petros, and Ioanna Stamatopoulou. "Using Screencasts to Enhance Logic Programming Skills." In BCI '17: 8th Balkan Conference in Informatics. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3136273.3136286.

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Su, Yun, Yongqiang Dai, and Xiaohong Li. "Logical Model and Verification of Emotion Triggers for BDI Agents." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm47256.2019.8983137.

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Reports on the topic "BDI Logics"

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Sasao, Tsutomu, and Jon T. Butler. On Bi-Decompositions of Logic Functions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada593005.

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Dopfer, Jaqui. Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung bei diskursiven Konfliktlösungsverfahren auf regionaler Ebene. Potentielle Ansätze zur Nutzung von Risikokommunikation im Rahmen von e-Government. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.3933795605.

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Whereas at the end of the 20th century there were still high expectations associated with the use of new media in terms of a democratisation of social discourse and new potential for citizens to participate in political decision-making, disillusionment is now spreading. Even today, the internet is often seen only as a technical tool for the transmission of information and communication, which serves as a structural supplement to "real" discourse and decision-making processes. In fact, however, the use of new media can open up additional, previously non-existent possibilities for well-founded and substantial citizen participation, especially at regional and supra-regional level. According to the results of this study, the informal, mediative procedures for conflict resolution in the context of high-risk planning decisions, which are now also increasingly used at the regional level, have two main problem areas. Firstly, in the conception and design chosen so far, they do not offer citizens direct access to the procedure. Citizens are given almost no opportunities to exert substantial influence on the content and procedure of the process, or on the solutions found in the process. So far, this has not been remedied by the use of new media. On the other hand, it is becoming apparent that the results negotiated in the procedure are not, or only inadequately, reflected in the subsequent sovereign decision. This means that not only valuable resources for identifying the problem situation and for integrative problem-solving remain unused, but it is also not possible to realise the effects anticipated with the participation procedures within the framework of context or reflexive self-management. With the aim of advancing the development of institutionally oriented approaches at the practice level, this study discusses potential solutions at the procedural level. This takes into account legal implications as well as the action logics, motives and intentions of the actors involved and aims to improve e-government structures. It becomes evident that opening up informal participation procedures for citizen participation at the regional level can only be realised through the (targeted) use of new media. However, this requires a fundamentally new approach not only in the participation procedures carried out but also, for example, in the conception of information or communication offerings. Opportunities for improving the use of the results obtained from the informal procedures in the (sovereign) decision-making process as well as the development of potentials in the sense of stronger self-control of social subsystems are identified in a stronger interlinking of informal and sovereign procedures. The prerequisite for this is not only the establishment of suitable structures, but above all the willingness of decision-makers to allow citizens to participate in decision-making, as well as the granting of participation opportunities and rights that go beyond those previously granted in sovereign procedures.
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Arm, Margus, Karina Egipt, Risto Hansen, Olav Harjo, Marily Hendrikson, Liia Hänni, Raul Kaidro, et al. e-Estonia: la e-gobernanza en la práctica. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003956.

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En los últimos 25 años, la transformación digital ha ido ocupando un espacio creciente en las agendas políticas de gran parte de los países del mundo. Estonia es un reconocido ejemplo de ello. Ocupa lugares destacados en los rankings internacionales sobre la materia y tiene un Gobierno digital al servicio de los ciudadanos que les permite realizar trámites con el gobierno las 24 horas del día y los 7 días de la semana a través de internet. En esta publicación elaborada por el e-Governance Academy y traducida al español con la colaboración del BID se documentan las principales herramientas sobre las que se ha apoyado la transformación digital de Estonia, lo que el país ha aprendido en el proceso y los logros que ha generado el esfuerzo realizado. Las lecciones aprendidas y las orientaciones contenidas en este documento serán de gran valor para los todos los países que quieren aprovechar las tecnologías digitales para mejorar la eficiencia y la transparencia del sector público y las relaciones entre las instituciones públicas y los ciudadanos.
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