Relevant bibliographies by topics / BCBS

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'BCBS'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "BCBS"

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Brennan, Troyen. "The Settlement of the Blue Cross Blue Shield Antitrust Litigation." JAMA Health Forum 3, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): e224737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2022.4737.

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ImportanceThe recent settlement of the class action antitrust lawsuit against the Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) Association and 34 plans will bring substantial change to insurance markets in the US; however, not enough is known about the implications for insurance markets and health policy.ObjectiveTo detail the nature of the antitrust claims against the BCBS plans and their Association, and the required changes in their business practices that are a critical part of the settlement.Evidence ReviewThis analysis relies on the court documents that will set the new parameters under which BCBS plans must operate.FindingsFor many of the past 70 years, BCBS plans have enjoyed substantial market power in the state in which each operates. Other BCBS plans were not allowed to compete against other “Blues” plans, and any corporation resident in a plan’s territory was allowed to deal solely with the local plan if the corporation sought BCBS insurance for its employees. The settlement recognizes that these restrictions reduced competition; therefore, they are not allowed under federal antitrust laws going forward. The BCBS Association also will have less control over mergers and acquisitions by individual BCBS plans. Finally, the BCBS plans and the Association must pay $2.67 billion in damages to clients.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that BCBS plans will face competition from their fellow plans for business, and they will be allowed to diversify the services they provide. These changes will be likely to threaten the smaller BCBS plans and could bring consolidation to the health insurance industry. These changes should also promote sharper efforts toward health care cost management, with broad implications for other parts of the health insurance industry, and for hospitals and other health care services.
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Junqueira, Alessandra Costa Pereira, Tracy L. Tylka, Sebastião de Sousa Almeida, Telma Maria Braga Costa, and Maria Fernanda Laus. "Translation and Validation of the Brazilian Portuguese Version of the Broad Conceptualization of Beauty Scale With Brazilian Women." Psychology of Women Quarterly 45, no. 3 (May 17, 2021): 351–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03616843211013459.

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In many countries, women are socialized to adopt a narrow definition of beauty. Research has revealed that, in the United States and China, the ability to broadly conceptualize beauty (perceive beauty in diverse body sizes, shapes, and appearances) is linked to women’s lower anti-fat attitudes, higher body appreciation, and higher well-being. In this study, we translated an existing measure of this construct, the Broad Conceptualization of Beauty Scale (BCBS), into Brazilian Portuguese and evaluated the factor structure and reliability and validity of its scores with a diverse sample of 563 Portuguese women. Findings revealed that the Brazilian Portuguese BCBS contains two factors—external/appearance features of beauty (BCBS-E) and internal features of beauty (BCBS-I)—contrary to the unidimensional factor structure found in previous studies. Support for internal consistency and 3-week test–retest reliability was garnered. Total BCBS and BCBS-E scores evidenced convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity, whereas the BCBS-I did not accrue substantial convergent or incremental validity support beyond its inverse bivariate association with anti-fat attitudes. We recommend the use of the Brazilian Portuguese BCBS in body image research programs as well as clinical practice and prevention programs with Brazilian women seeking support for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating.
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Flores-Méndez, David Antonio, José Roberto Ramos-Ibarra, Guillermo Toriz, Enrique Arriola-Guevara, Guadalupe Guatemala-Morales, and Rosa Isela Corona-González. "Bored Coffee Beans for Production of Hyaluronic Acid by Streptococcus zooepidemicus." Fermentation 7, no. 3 (July 17, 2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7030121.

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Bored coffee beans (BCBs) are the residues left from the pest Hypothenemus hampei that attacks coffee crops, resulting in enormous economic losses. The bioconversion of monosaccharides from BCBs into hyaluronic acid (HA) is appealing both for using the residues and given the high commercial value of HA. This study dealt with the production of HA using Streptococcus zooepidemicus by employing either acid (AcH) or enzymatic (EnH) hydrolyzates from BCBs. The highest release of monosaccharides (evaluated using surface response methodology) was obtained with EnH (36.4 g/L); however, S. zooepidemicus produced more HA (1.5 g/L) using AcH compared to EnH. Hydrolyzates from acetone-extracted BCBs yielded 2.7 g/L of HA, which is similar to the amount obtained using a synthetic medium (2.8 g/L). This report demonstrates the potential of hydrolyzates from bored coffee beans to produce HA by S. zooepidemicus.
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Prieto Muñoz, Jose Gustavo. "Governance of the Global Financial System: The Legitimacy of the BCBS 10 years after the 2008 Crisis." Journal of International Economic Law 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgz011.

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ABSTRACT This article explores the question of legitimacy that underpins Basel III. First, I present a general framework for assessing how legitimacy operates within the global financial system through an analysis of the internal and external dimensions. I next address the internal dimension, exploring the legitimacy of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) as a body that exercises a type of public authority through the generation of norms/standards. I then analyse how the public law standards of transparency and accountability are currently being implemented within the BCBS system. Finally, I examine the external dimension, considering how the legitimacy of the BCBS is related to the international system. In particular, it is argued that because of the direct link between bailouts and human rights violations, the legitimacy of the BCBS is also tied to its role in promoting financial stability in the post-crisis architecture by protecting social rights within states.
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Orgeldinger, Joerg. "The Implementation of Basel Committee BCBS 239: Short analysis of the new rules for Data Management." Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2018-0023.

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Abstract In January 2013, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision issued 14 principles for effective risk data aggregation and risk reporting (BCBS 239) and outlined the paths to compliance for globally systemically important banks (G-SIBs) and domestic systemically important banks (D-SIBs).The Basel Committee devised BCBS 239 in order to ensure that banks and other financial institutions could monitor risks more effectively through superior data aggregation, enabling an overall more reliable and efficient risk management process. In a McKinsey report from June 2015 (Harreis et al, 2017) it is estimated that an average G-SIB would have to spend approximately 230 million USD and an average D-SIB 75 million USD to aggregate risk data that was previously dispersed over a wide variety of systems, geographic locations and banking groups. As the BCBS 239 for G-SIBs deadline was - at the time of writing – 10 months overdue, what approach towards compliance will prove to be more effective? In this article, the new principles according to BCBS 239 are described, criticized and one possible solution to meet the requirements is presented.
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Toland, Michael D., John Eric M. Lingat, and David M. Dueber. "The Brief Course Belonging Scale: Developing a Measure of Postsecondary Students' Course-Level Sense of Belonging Across Online and Face-To-Face Modalities." Journal of School and Educational Psychology 2, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47602/josep.v2i2.18.

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Sense of belonging is an important topic in higher education. However, few studies have examined this important construct at the course level and in the online learning context; even fewer are quantitative by design. The aim of our study was to develop and evaluate a measure of sense of belonging that could be used across different postsecondary learning contexts. A psychometric investigation was conducted at a large, US southeastern university on data using the newly developed Brief Course Belonging Scale (BCBS). Results provide evidence for the unidimensional treatment of BCBS data across delivery context, convergent validity for BCBS scores as they relate positively to belonging at the university level, connectedness, and academic motivation, and discriminant validity for BCBS scores as they related minimally with loneliness. Differential item functioning was detected on one item, but this did not jeopardize score validity and reliability. Specific psychometric implications regarding the domain-specificity of the course delivery context as well as the administration of the novel instrument to a more broad, and diverse student population are recommended.
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Prorokowski, Lukas, and Hubert Prorokowski. "Solutions for risk data compliance under BCBS 239." Journal of Investment Compliance 16, no. 4 (November 2, 2015): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-01-2015-0015.

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Purpose – BCBS 239 sets out a challenging standard for risk data processing and reporting. Any bank striving to comply with the principles will be keen to introspect how risk data is organized and what execution capabilities are at their disposal. With this in mind, the current paper advises banks on the growing number of solutions, tools and techniques that can be used to support risk data management frameworks under BCBS 239. Design/methodology/approach – This paper, based on a survey with 29 major financial institutions, including G-SIBs and D-SIBs from diversified geographical regions such as North America, Europe and APAC, aims to advise banks and other financial services firms on what is needed to become ready and compliant with BCBS 239. This paper discusses best practice solutions for master data management, data lineage and end user implementations. Findings – The primary conclusion of this paper is that banks should not treat BCBS 239 as yet another compliance exercise. The BCBS 239 principles constitute a driving force to restore viability and improve risk governance. In light of the new standards, banks can benefit from making significant progress towards risk data management transformation. This report argues that banks need to invest in a solution that empowers those who use the data to manage risk data. Thus, operational complexities are lifted and no data operations team is needed for proprietary coding of the data. Only then banks will stay abreast of the competition, while becoming fully compliant with the BCBS 239 principles. Practical implications – As noted by Prorokowski (2014), “Increasingly zero accountability, imposed, leveraged omnipresent vast endeavors, yielding ongoing understanding […] of the impact of the global financial crisis on the ways data should be treated” sparked off international debates addressing the need for an effective solution to risk data management and reporting. Originality/value – This paper discusses the forthcoming regulatory change that will have a significant impact on the banking industry. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision published its Principles for effective risk data aggregation and risk reporting (BCBS239) in January last year. The document contains 11 principles that Global Systemically Important Banks (G-SIBs) will need to comply with by January 2016. The BCBS 239 principles are regarded as the least known components of the new regulatory reforms. As it transpires, the principles require many banks to undertake a significant amount of technical work and investments in IT infrastructure. Furthermore, BCBS 239 urges financial services firms to review their definitions of the completeness of risk data.
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Viljanen, Mika Veli-Pekka. "CVA: the first sign of BCBS strategic change?" Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 23, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 230–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-05-2014-0021.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to aid understanding of the changes in Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) regulatory strategies after the global financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach – The author uses the credit valuation adjustment (CVA) charge reform as a test case for inquiring whether BCBS has departed from its pre-crisis facilitative regulatory strategy path. The regulatory strategy of the CVA charge is discussed. Findings – The charge exhibits a new regulatory strategy that BCBS has adopted. It seeks to manipulate market structures by imposing risk-insensitive capital charge methodologies. Originality/value – The paper offers a new heuristic to analyse regulatory initiatives and their significance. The CVA charge has not been subject to a regulatory theory-based analysis in prior literature.
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Vasiliauskienė, Dovilė, Renata Boris, Giedrius Balčiūnas, Agnė Kairytė, and Jaunius Urbonavičius. "Impact of Cellulolytic Fungi on Biodegradation of Hemp Shives and Corn Starch-Based Composites with Different Flame-Retardants." Microorganisms 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): 1830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091830.

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Biocomposite boards (BcBs) composed of hemp shives and corn starch are known as thermal insulating or structural building materials. Therefore, they must be stable during exploitation. However, BcBs are exposed to microorganisms present in the environment, and it is of great interest to investigate the biodegradation behaviour of these materials. This work identified microorganisms growing on BcBs that contain either Flovan CGN or expandable graphite as flame retardants and selected fungi such as Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus fumigatus to test the way they affect the materials of interest. For this purpose, the enzymatic activity of cellulases and amylases produced by these organisms were determined. In addition, the apparent density as well as compressive strength of the affected boards were evaluated. The results showed that apparent density and compressive strength deteriorated in BcB composition with the Flovan CGN flame retardant. At the same time, the level of deterioration was lower when the expandable graphite was used, suggesting that it also acts as an antimicrobial agent. A scanning electronic microscopy analysis was employed to monitor the growth of microorganisms in the BcBs. Such analysis demonstrated that, regardless of BcB composition, fungi easily penetrate into the middle layers of the material.
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Zhu, Xiaoqian, Jianping Li, and Dengsheng Wu. "Should the Advanced Measurement Approach for Operational Risk be Discarded? Evidence from the Chinese Banking Industry." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 22, no. 01 (March 2019): 1950007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091519500073.

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The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) states that in addition to the fact that it lacks simplicity, the Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA) must be discarded because the flexibility of AMAs does not narrow as envisioned prior. This paper discusses whether this judgment of the BCBS holds for the Chinese banking industry. We first review the development of operational risk data collection and AMAs in China over the past decade. Then, capital requirement results for Chinese banks based on these datasets and approaches are summarized and analyzed. It is shown that along with the accumulation of operational risk data and the refinement of AMAs, operational risk results for the Chinese banking industry have shown a clear trend of convergence that is exactly opposed to judgments of the BCBS. Therefore, the removal of the AMA from regulatory frameworks may not be reasonable.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "BCBS"

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Hilmersson, Markus. "A Study Evaluating the Liquidity Risk for Non-Maturity Deposits at a Swedish Niche Bank." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-273594.

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Since the 2008 financial crisis, the interest for the subject area of modelling non-maturity deposits has been growing quickly. The area has been widely analysed from the perspective of a traditional bank where customers foremost have transactional and salary deposits. However, in recent year the Swedish banking sector has become more digitized. This has opened up opportunities for more niche banking actors to establish themselves on the market. Therefore, this study aims to examine how the theories developed and previously used in modelling liquidity volumes at traditional banks can be used at a niche bank focused on savings and investments. In this study the topics covered are short-rate modelling using Vasicek's model, liquidity volume modelling using SARIMA and SARIMAX modelling as well as liquidity risk modelling using an approach developed by Kalkbrener and Willing. When modelling the liquidity volumes the data set was divided depending on account and customer type into six groups, for four out of these the models had lower in and out of set prediction errors using SARIMA models for only two of the six models were there improvements made to the in and out of set prediction error using SARIMAX models. Finally, the resulting minimization of liquidity volume forecasting 5 years in the future gave reasonable and satisfactory results.
Sedan finanskrisen 2008 har intresset kring ämnesområdet gällande modellering av inlåningsvolymer utan en kontrakterad förfallodag ökat snabbt. Området har analyserats i stor utsträckning från perspektivet av en traditionell bank där kunder har framförallt transaktions- och lönekonton. De senaste åren har den Svenska banksektorn blivit mer digitaliserad. Detta har öppnat upp möjligheter för nischbanker att etablera sig på marknaden. Därför ämnar denna studie att undersöka hur teorier som har utvecklats och tidigare använts på traditionella banker för att modellera likviditetsvolymer kan användas på en nischbank som är fokuserad på sparande och investeringar. I denna studie modelleras korträntor med Vasicek's modell, likviditetsvolymer med SARIMA och SARIMAX modeller och likviditetsrisk med en modell utvecklad av Kalkbrener och Willing. För modelleringen av likviditetsvolymer delades likviditetsdatan upp i sex grupper baserat på konto- och kund typ. För fyra av dessa data set gav SARIMA-modeller lägre prediktionsfel och endast för två av de sex grupperna gav SARIMAX-modeller bättre resultat. Slutligen så gav den resulterande minimeringen av nödvändiga likviditetsvolymer på en 5 årig horisont rimliga och tillfredsställande resultat.
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Ramos, Mariana Alexandra Cravo. "O impacto do Data Lake nos sistemas de reporting do setor bancário." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/23476.

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Mestrado Bolonha em Gestão de Sistemas de Informação
O setor bancário é caracterizado pela forte regulamentação e supervisão, bem como pela existência de inúmeros sistemas de informação heterogéneos, os quais foram sido adquiridos e adaptados ao longo do tempo. Por outro lado, a enorme quantidade de dados, definida por Big Data, trouxe novos desafios ao processamento e integração dos dados e, consequentemente, à sua qualidade. O mercado está a mudar e o setor bancário não é exceção. Para dar resposta à falta de qualidade dos dados, o Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (2013), (BCBS), definiu 14 princípios, nomeados como BCBS 239, que devem ser atendidos por este setor. No entanto, estes princípios são vagos e não existe nenhuma orientação sobre os métodos a utilizar para agir em conformidade com o regulador. Por este motivo, as questões de investigação são: como é que o Data Lake impacta a concretização dos princípios BCBS 239? De que forma está a organização em conformidade com os princípios do BCBS 239? Quais são as vantagens e os desafios do Data Lake do ponto de vista da organização em estudo? Para dar resposta, foi desenvolvido um case study com recurso a entrevistas semiestruturadas a colaboradores de um banco que atua no mercado português. Para a análise de dados foi utilizado o programa MAXQDA. Os resultados obtidos permitem identificar que a existência de várias fontes de dados e de processos não automatizados são os desafios com maior expressão nos atuais processos de reporting. Além disso, é possível reconhecer que as principais vantagens do Data Lake advêm do facto de este ser um repositório único, potencializar a uniformização de conceitos de negócio e melhorar a eficiência organizacional. Por outro lado, a ambiguidade de conceitos é um obstáculo que tem de ser ultrapassado, de forma a garantir a existência de um modelo de governo de dados. Em suma, o Data Lake é um excelente meio para cumprir o BCBS 239, em especial, no desenvolvimento da arquitetura de dados e infraestrutura de TI, melhorando, consequentemente, a qualidade dos dados.
The banking sector is characterized by strong regulation and supervision, as well as the existence of numerous heterogeneous information systems, which have been acquired and adapted over time. On the other hand, the enormous amount of data, conceptualized as Big Data, brought new challenges to data processing and integration processes and, consequently, its quality. The market is changing, and the banking sector is no exception. Therefore, to respond to the lack of data quality, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (2013), (BCBS), defined the BCBS 239, which compilates 14 principles that the companies of this sector must meet. However, these principles are vague, and there is no guidance on the methods to be used to comply with regulators. For this reason, the research questions are: how does Data Lake impact the implementation of BCBS 239 principles? How is the organization compliant with the BCBS 239 principles? What are the advantages and challenges of the Data Lake from the point of view of the organization? A case study was developed using semi-structured interviews with current employees of a bank operating in the portuguese market to investigate this research topic. Moreover, the data analysis was conducted via the MAXQDA program. The results obtained allowed to acknowledge that the existence of a wide range of data sources and non-automated processes is the most significant challenge in current reporting processes. Furthermore, it was possible to recognize that the main advantages of Data Lake focus on the fact that (1) it is a single repository; (2) it enhances the standardization of business concepts and consequently, (3) improves organizational efficiency. On the contrary, the present study also revealed that the ambiguity of concepts is a critical obstacle that must be overcome to guarantee the existence of a data governance model. In short, Data Lake is a powerful way to meet BCBS 239, in particular, in developing data architecture and IT infrastructure, thereby improving data quality.
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Stavrén, Fredrik, and Nikita Domin. "Modeling of non-maturing deposits." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-252302.

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The interest in modeling non-maturing deposits has skyrocketed ever since thefinancial crisis 2008. Not only from a regulatory and legislative perspective,but also from an investment and funding perspective.Modeling of non-maturing deposits is a very broad subject. In this thesis someof the topics within the subject are investigated, where the greatest focus inon the modeling of the deposit volumes. The main objective is to providethe bank with an analysis of the majority of the topics that needs to be cov-ered when modeling non-maturing deposits. This includes short-rate model-ing using Vasicek’s model, deposit rate modeling using a regression approachand a method proposed by Jarrow and Van Deventer, volume modeling usingSARIMA, SARIMAX and a general additive model, a static replicating port-folio based on Maes and Timmerman’s to model the behaviour of the depositaccounts and finally a liquidity risk model that was suggested by Kalkbrenerand Willing. All of these models have been applied on three different accounttypes: private transaction accounts, savings accounts and corporate savingsaccounts.The results are that, due to the current market, the static replicating portfoliodoes not achieve the desired results. Furthermore, the best volume model forthe data provided is a SARIMA model, meaning the effect of the exogenousvariables are seemingly already embedded in the lagged volume. Finally, theliquidity risk results are plausible and thus deemed satisfactory.
Intresset för att modellera inlåningsvolymer utan en kontrakterad förfallodaghar ökat markant sedan finanskrisen 2008. Inte bara sett utifrån ett perspek-tiv att uppfylla krav som ställs av tillsynsmyndigheter, men också sett utifrånbankens investerings-och finansieringsperspektiv.Målet med det här arbetet är att förse banken med en analys av majoritetenav de olika områdena som man behöver ta hänsyn till när man ska model-lera inlåningar utan förfallodatum, men med ett fokus på volymmodellering.I den här rapporten modelleras räntor (kortränta och kontoränta), kontovoly-merna, kontobeteendet samt likviditetsrisken. Detta görs med hjälp av Vasicekför korträntan, en regressionsmetod samt en metod som föreslagits av Jarrowoch Van Deventer för kontoräntan, SARIMA, SARIMAX och en generell ad-ditiv regressionsmetod för volymerna, en statisk replikeringsportfölj baseradpå Maes och Timmermans modell för att imitera kontona och slutligen så mo-delleras likviditetsrisken med ett ramverk som föreslagits av Kalkbrener ochWilling. Alla dessa nämnda modeller appliceras, där det är möjligt, på de treolika kontotyperna: privatkonton, sparkonton samt företagssparkonto.Resultatet är att räntemodelleringen samt replikeringsportföljen inte ger ade-kvata resultat på grund av den rådande marknaden. Vidare så ger en SARIMA-modell den bästa prediktionen, vilket gör att slutsatsen är att andra exogenavariabler redan är inneslutna i den fördröjda volymvariabeln. Avslutningsvisså ger likviditetsmodellen tillfredsställande resultat och antas vara rimlig.
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Randhawa, Tarlochan Singh. "Incorporating Data Governance Frameworks in the Financial Industry." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6478.

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Data governance frameworks are critical to reducing operational costs and risks in the financial industry. Corporate data managers face challenges when implementing data governance frameworks. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies that successful corporate data managers in some banks in the United States used to implement data governance frameworks to reduce operational costs and risks. The participants were 7 corporate data managers from 3 banks in North Carolina and New York. Servant leadership theory provided the conceptual framework for the study. Methodological triangulation involved assessment of nonconfidential bank documentation on the data governance framework, Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's standard 239 compliance documents, and semistructured interview transcripts. Data were analyzed using Yin's 5-step thematic data analysis technique. Five major themes emerged: leadership role in data governance frameworks to reduce risk and cost, data governance strategies and procedures, accuracy and security of data, establishment of a data office, and leadership commitment at the organizational level. The results of the study may lead to positive social change by supporting approaches to help banks maintain reliable and accurate data as well as reduce data breaches and misuse of consumer data. The availability of accurate data may enable corporate bank managers to make informed lending decisions to benefit consumers.
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Manninen, I. (Iikka). "Gamified BCSS for healthier food choices:case implicity." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201806022430.

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The main aim of this thesis was to design a persuasive and gamified version of the implicit association test. The goal of the mobile application is to help people adopt healthier eating habits. Poor diet is a major factor in many diseases and contributes negatively to life quality. Additionally, healthcare systems and employers are also affected in the form of production losses and treatment costs. The underlying research aim is to utilize the artefact to investigate whether exposing a user to possible cognitive dissonances in thinking can lead to reflection. Reflection in turn can lead to reduction of dissonances and in turn, behaviour change. Additionally, the application allows the user to rehearse responses towards different types of foods, which is accomplished by associating healthy foods with positive words and unhealthy foods with negative words. The purpose of Persuasive Systems Design (PSD) model, the main design framework used in this thesis, is to design behaviour change support systems. Behaviour Change Support Systems (BCSSs) are systems that aim to change behaviour and attitude without the use of any unethical means. Implicit association test (IAT) is a tool in the field of social psychology that is used measure implicit attitudes towards different concepts. Gamification can be defined as the use of game elements and mechanics in non-game contexts. The development process started with an analysis done with PSD model. Following it, mock-ups and a prototype based on the PSD model analysis and the original version of the IAT were created. After that, gamification features were designed by using a gamification framework. The original IAT was a strong influence in determining what types of persuasive and gamification features would be present in the application. Design science research guidelines were utilized as a checklist throughout research. The artefact and its persuasiveness were evaluated with a perceived persuasiveness questionnaire. The results showed slightly positive responses on the constructs of Primary Task Support (support for carrying out primary task), Dialogue Support (feedback), Perceived Credibility and Design Aesthetics. Perceived Persuasiveness responses were slightly negative. The reward feature that included unlocking different food icons and their health information was especially well received. This thesis contributed a detailed description of the development process of a BCSS. During the development process it was shown that the PSD model and the gamification framework could be used together without conflicts to design an artefact. The research on the artefact’s effectiveness in causing behaviour change is left for further study.
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Dias, Cleverton Oliveira. "Teoria BCS com efeito Rashba." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2015. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4987.

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This dissertation presents systematically the traditional superconductors, taking into account its discovery, properties that characterize the theory describing and changes taking place in their thermodynamic properties when subject to spin-orbit interaction Rashba. In the rst part are the key topics discussed related to phenomenon of superconductivity. It begins with a chapter 1 approach of the historical evolution of superconductivity and presentation properties that characterize a conventional superconductor, in addition to de ne superconductors Type I (conventional) and type II. The Chapter 2 is intended for an explanation of the microscopic BCS theory whose application is associated with type I superconductors, although this chapter argue about the interaction of electrons with the network, thus forming what is called Cooper pairs. The Chapter 3 is intended to introduce the Rashba model, which can be veri ed in two ways: by spontaneous generation of electric eld the junction interface of two materials or because application of the an external electric eld. In work not take into account the so that will be produced this electric eld. In Chapter 4 it shows the model Hamiltonian that constitutes the junction BCS Hamiltonian with the Hamiltonian of Rashba, from this model it is intended to calculate the e ect of Rashba interaction on the gap energy using the method of canonical transformations, consisting to assess the evolution of the operator concerned by a equation of dynamic evolution, allowing us nd the self energy carriers and their respective eigenvalues and associates them to gaps of energy. As a result of Chapter 4, Chapter 5 determine the gap superconductor function of temperature and the parameter R Rashba and as the thermodynamic properties of the model studied in this chapter also opens a space for comments and discussions. We end with Chapter 6, presenting partial conclusions, Related analytical curve made from certain data numerical, these curves will analyze the variation in thermodynamic properties of superconductors because the e ect Rashba.
A presente dissertação consiste em apresentar de forma sistemática os supercondutores tradicionais, levando em consideração sua descoberta, as propriedades que o caracterizam, a teoria que os descrevem e as mudanças que ocorrem em suas propriedades termodinâmicas quando submetidos a interação spin- orbita de Rashba. Na primeira parte são discutidos os t ópicos fundamentais referentes ao fenômeno da supercondutividade. Inicia-se o capítulo 1 com uma abordagem da evolução hist orica da supercondutividade e a apresentação das propriedades que caracterizam um supercondutor convencional, al em de de nir supercondutores tipo I (convencionais) e tipo II. O cap tulo 2 destina-se a uma explana c~ao da teoria microscópica BCS, cuja aplicação está associada a supercondutores de tipo I, ainda neste capítulo argumenta-se sobre a interação dos elétrons com a rede, formando assim o que chamamos de pares de Cooper. O capiítulo 3 destina-se a apresentar o modelo de Rashba, que pode ser verificado de duas maneiras: por geração espontânea de campo elétrico na interface da junção de dois materiais ou em razão da aplicação de um campo elétrico externo. No trabalho não se levar a em conta a maneira que ser a produzido esse campo elétrico. No capítulo 4 apresenta-se o Hamiltoniano do modelo, que consiste na junção do Hamiltoniano BCS com o Hamiltoniano de Rashba, a partir deste modelo pretende-se calcular o efeito da intera ção de Rashba, sobre os gaps de energia utilizando o m etodo das transforma ções canônicas, que consiste em avaliar a evolu ção temporal do operador em questão por meio de uma equa ção de evolução dinâmica, o que nos permitir a encontrar os autovetores de energia e seus respectivos autovalores e associa-los aos gaps de energia. Como consequência do capítulo 4, no cap tulo 5 determinaremos o gap do supercondutor em fun ção da temperatura e do parâmetro de Rashba R, bem como as propriedades termodinâmicas do modelo estudado, neste cap tulo tamb em abre-se um espa co para comentarios e discussões. Finalizamos com o cap tulo 6, apresentando conclusões parciais, relacionadas a an alise de algumas curvas feitas a partir de dados num ericos, estas curvas permitirão analisar a varia ção nas propriedades termodinâmicas dos supercondutores devido o efeito Rashba.
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Suhada, Robert. "The XMM-BCS galaxy cluster survey." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-132857.

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Cerrito, Stefano. "Thermodynamics of the BCS-BEC crossover." kostenfrei, 2007. http://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/doc/623023/document.pdf.

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Bollmark, Gunnar. "Self-energy effects in BCS superconductors." Thesis, KTH, Fysik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-238681.

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Ljepavic, Danijela. "Les expressions figées en français et en BCMS : traduction, comparaison." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAC013.

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Cette thèse procède à une comparaison des expressions figées entre les langues BCMS (bosniaque/bosnien, croate, monténégrin, serbe) et le français en vue de la traduction. Dans la première partie, l'étude commence par la définition des expressions figées et des critères de figement. Après avoir fait le point sur la question des langues BCMS, on présente le corpus des expressions figées en BCMS et en français, avec leur répartition dans différents domaines culturels et la distinction de trois types d'expressions : calques, expressions transparentes, expressions opaques. La seconde partie est consacrée à l'analyse comparative des expressions figées en BCMS et en français. Elle commence par un parcours de leurs différentes origines, puis on examine les fondements culturels des expressions figées, en fonction de différents domaines fournisseurs. On développe ensuite une analyse linguistique comparée des expressions figées, en détaillant les noms composés et les différentes locutions (verbales, adjectivales etc.) et en intégrant la dimension rhétorique, notamment les métaphores. Pour finir, après une mise au point générale sur la traduction, on examine les problèmes d'interprétation et les différentes solutions de traduction des expressions figées dans les deux sens, entre français et BCMS
This thesis makes a comparison between the idioms of the BCMS languages (Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, Serbian) on the one side, and the French language on the other, in the domain of translation.In the first segment, the study begins with the definition of idioms and the criteria for fixation. After the explanation of differences among BCMS languages, we present the corpus of idioms in BCMS and in French, with their distribution within different cultural domains, while distinguishing among three types of idiomatic expressions: literal, transparent, and opaque.The second part is devoted to the comparative analysis of idioms in BCMS and French. It begins with a record of their different origins, after which we examine the cultural foundations of expressions, depending on different domains. We develop a comparative linguistic analysis of idioms, giving details on various compound names and phrases (verbal, adjectival, etc.), and integrating the rhetorical dimension, including metaphors. Finally, after an overall focus on translating, we examine issues found in interpretation and translation solutions for different idioms between French and BCMS
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Books on the topic "BCBS"

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Dkon-mchog-yan-lag. Legs par bśad pa chu daṅ śiṅ gi bstan bcos brda don daṅ bcas. 2nd ed. [Lhasa]: Bod-ljoṅs mi dmaṅs dpe skrun khaṅ, 1985.

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Service, Building Cost Information. BCIS. Kingston upon Thames: The Building Cost Information Service, The Royal Institutionof Chartered Surveyors, 1994.

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BCBG. Paris: Hermé, 1988.

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Legs par bśad pa chu daṅ śiṅ gi bstan bcos brda don daṅ bcas bźugs so. [Lha-sa]: Bod-ljoṅs mi dmaṅs dpe skrun khaṅ, 2000.

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ja yi bstan bcos. Pe cin: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 2005.

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Ṅag-dbaṅ-kun-dgaʼ-bsod-nams, ʼJam-mgon A-myes-źabs, 1597-ca. 1662. and Źol-khaṅ Bsod-nams-dar rgyas, eds. Rol moʼi bstan bcos. Pe-cin: Mi rigs dpe skrun khaṅ, 1986.

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Josh, Peter, and Passan Jeff, eds. Death to BCS. New York: Gotham Books, 2011.

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Felʹdman, D. Ė. (Dmitriĭ Ėduardovich), ed. BCS: 50 years. New Jersey: World Scientific, 2010.

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Society, Blair County Genealogical. Ancestral charts of BCGS Society Members. Hollidaysburg, PA: Blair County Genealogical Society, Inc., 2012.

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Rāmulu, Bi Es. Bīsīlu ēm cēyāli: BC's hand book. Haidrābād: Sāmājika Tātvika Viśvavidyālayaṃ, Viśāla Sāhitya Akāḍami, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "BCBS"

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Parrino, Sabine, Anna Burkhardt, and Michael Horvat. "BCBS 239 – Grundsätze zur Aggregation von Risikodaten und zur Risikoberichterstattung." In Meldewesen für Finanzinstitute, 529–54. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34887-8_21.

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Reuse, Svend, and Eric Frère. "Anforderungen an den integrierten Datenhaushalt eines Kreditinstitutes im Kontext von BCBS 239 und MaRisk 6.0." In Banking & Innovation 2017, 65–87. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-15785-2_5.

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Macy, Kelly, Wouter Staal, Cate Kraper, Amanda Steiner, Trina D. Spencer, Lydia Kruse, Marina Azimova, et al. "BCBA." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 400. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_100180.

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Leung, Alexander K. C., Marcus Schmitt, Christie P. Thomas, Cord Sunderkötter, Meinhard Schiller, Thomas Schwarz, Mark Berneburg, et al. "BCNS." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 211. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_7591.

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Macy, Kelly, Wouter Staal, Cate Kraper, Amanda Steiner, Trina D. Spencer, Lydia Kruse, Marina Azimova, et al. "BCBA-D." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 400. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_100181.

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Pervez, Asif, Nadia Mansour, and Rohit Bansal. "A Study on the Implementation of International Banking Standards by BCBS with Special Reference to Basel III Norms in Emerging Economies: Review of Empirical Literature." In Accounting, Finance, Sustainability, Governance & Fraud: Theory and Application, 139–56. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1036-4_10.

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Wefer, Fred L., and Keith D. Wheeland. "BCCS: The Organization." In The Caves of Burnsville Cove, Virginia, 37–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14391-0_3.

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Allison, Brendan Z. "Toward Ubiquitous BCIs." In Brain-Computer Interfaces, 357–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02091-9_19.

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Conn, Alasdair K. T. "BCLS Versus ACLS." In Penetrating Trauma, 29–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20453-1_4.

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Wlodarczak, G. "27 BClS Chlorothioxoborane." In Linear Polyatomic Molecules, 55–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44926-3_29.

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Conference papers on the topic "BCBS"

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Strufe, Thorsten, Gunter Schafer, and Arthur Chang. "BCBS: An Efficient Load Balancing Strategy for Cooperative Overlay Live-Streaming." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2006.254745.

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Dollman, Gavin J., Lizette De Wet, and Tanya R. Beelders. "Effectiveness with EEG BCIs." In the South African Institute for Computer Scientists and Information Technologists Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2513456.2513476.

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Wong, Richmond Y., Nick Merrill, and John Chuang. "When BCIs have APIs." In DIS '18: Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2018. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3196709.3196746.

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Zhang, Lei, and Haiquan Chen. "Meta-BCS." In the 46th Annual Southeast Regional Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1593105.1593144.

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Fernandez, Juan, Eitan Frachtenberg, and Fabrizio Petrini. "BCS-MPI." In the 2003 ACM/IEEE conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1048935.1050207.

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DUKELSKY, J., G. ORTIZ, and S. M. A. ROMBOUTS. "EXACT BCS SOLUTION IN THE BCS-BEC CROSSOVER." In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812772787_0024.

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Choi, Seungjin. "POSTECH BCIs with machine learning." In 2014 International Winter Workshop on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iww-bci.2014.6782554.

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Gena, Cristina, Claudio Mattutino, Simone Pirani, and Berardina De Carolis. "Do BCIs Detect User's Engagement?" In UMAP '19: 27th Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3314183.3323865.

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Strait, Megan, Cody Canning, and Matthias Scheutz. "Reliability of NIRS-based BCIs." In CHI '14: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2559206.2578866.

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Matsubara, M., M. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, K. Konishi, S. Yamaguchi, and M. Hashizume. "Numerical Study of Blood Flow in the Hepatic Portion of the Inferior Vena Cava." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37452.

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Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is complete or partial occlusion in the hepatic veins and the hepatic portion of the inferior vena cava (IVC). The cause of BCS is not well known yet, however: abnormal vessel wall shear stress caused by blood flow is thought to increase the likelihood of developing BCS. In order to reveal the formation mechanism of BCS, we construct several vessel models of the IVC and hepatic veins from medical images and study the characteristics of the blood flow in the vicinity of the junctions of the hepatic veins with the IVC numerically.
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Reports on the topic "BCBS"

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Bush, Joseph, Eileen Westervelt, Brian Clark, David Schwenk, Stephen Briggs, Daniel Shepard, Michael Cary Long, Tapan Patel, Melanie Johnson, and Eric Lynch. Installation utility monitoring and control system technical guide. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45081.

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Army policy calls for each installation to install a building automation system (aka utility monitoring and control system [UMCS]) to provide for centralized monitoring of buildings and utilities to reduce energy and water commodity and maintenance costs. Typically, the UMCS, including building control systems (BCS), is installed and expanded in piecemeal fashion resulting in intersystem incompatibilities. The integration of multivendor BCSs into a single basewide UMCS, and subsequent UMCS operation, can present technical and administrative challenges due to its complexity and cybersecurity requirements. Open Control Systems technology and open communications protocols, including BACnet, LonWorks, and Niagara Framework, help overcome technical incompatibilities. Additional practical considerations include funding, control systems commissioning, staffing, training, and the need for a commitment to proper operation, use, and sustainment of the UMCS. This document provides guidance to Army installations to help achieve a successful basewide UMCS through its full life cycle based on DoD criteria and technical requirements for Open Control Systems and cybersecurity. It includes institutional knowledge on technical solutions and business processes amassed from decades of collaboration with Army installations and learned from and with their staff. Detailed activities spanning both implementation and sustainment include planning, procurement, installation, integration, cybersecurity authorization, and ongoing management.
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Peterson, John W., David Andrs, Derek R. Gaston, Cody J. Permann, and Andrew E. Slaughter. Off-diagonal Jacobian support for Nodal BCs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1178371.

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Degroote, M., T. M. Henderson, J. Zhao, J. Dukelsky, and G. E. Scuseria. Polynomial Similarity Transformation Theory: A smooth interpolation between coupled cluster doubles and projected BCS applied to the reduced BCS Hamiltonian. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1416504.

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Cytryn, Eddie, Mark R. Liles, and Omer Frenkel. Mining multidrug-resistant desert soil bacteria for biocontrol activity and biologically-active compounds. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598174.bard.

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Control of agro-associated pathogens is becoming increasingly difficult due to increased resistance and mounting restrictions on chemical pesticides and antibiotics. Likewise, in veterinary and human environments, there is increasing resistance of pathogens to currently available antibiotics requiring discovery of novel antibiotic compounds. These drawbacks necessitate discovery and application of microorganisms that can be used as biocontrol agents (BCAs) and the isolation of novel biologically-active compounds. This highly-synergistic one year project implemented an innovative pipeline aimed at detecting BCAs and associated biologically-active compounds, which included: (A) isolation of multidrug-resistant desert soil bacteria and root-associated bacteria from medicinal plants; (B) invitro screening of bacterial isolates against known plant, animal and human pathogens; (C) nextgeneration sequencing of isolates that displayed antagonistic activity against at least one of the model pathogens and (D) in-planta screening of promising BCAs in a model bean-Sclerotiumrolfsii system. The BCA genome data were examined for presence of: i) secondary metabolite encoding genes potentially linked to the anti-pathogenic activity of the isolates; and ii) rhizosphere competence-associated genes, associated with the capacity of microorganisms to successfully inhabit plant roots, and a prerequisite for the success of a soil amended BCA. Altogether, 56 phylogenetically-diverse isolates with bioactivity against bacterial, oomycete and fungal plant pathogens were identified. These strains were sent to Auburn University where bioassays against a panel of animal and human pathogens (including multi-drug resistant pathogenic strains such as A. baumannii 3806) were conducted. Nineteen isolates that showed substantial antagonistic activity against at least one of the screened pathogens were sequenced, assembled and subjected to bioinformatics analyses aimed at identifying secondary metabolite-encoding and rhizosphere competence-associated genes. The genome size of the bacteria ranged from 3.77 to 9.85 Mbp. All of the genomes were characterized by a plethora of secondary metabolite encoding genes including non-ribosomal peptide synthase, polyketidesynthases, lantipeptides, bacteriocins, terpenes and siderophores. While some of these genes were highly similar to documented genes, many were unique and therefore may encode for novel antagonistic compounds. Comparative genomic analysis of root-associated isolates with similar strains not isolated from root environments revealed genes encoding for several rhizospherecompetence- associated traits including urea utilization, chitin degradation, plant cell polymerdegradation, biofilm formation, mechanisms for iron, phosphorus and sulfur acquisition and antibiotic resistance. Our labs are currently writing a continuation of this feasibility study that proposes a unique pipeline for the detection of BCAs and biopesticides that can be used against phytopathogens. It will combine i) metabolomic screening of strains from our collection that contain unique secondary metabolite-encoding genes, in order to isolate novel antimicrobial compounds; ii) model plant-based experiments to assess the antagonistic capacities of selected BCAs toward selected phytopathogens; and iii) an innovative next-generation-sequencing based method to monitor the relative abundance and distribution of selected BCAs in field experiments in order to assess their persistence in natural agro-environments. We believe that this integrated approach will enable development of novel strains and compounds that can be used in large-scale operations.
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Bagarello, Fabio. The Stochastic Limit of the Open BCS Model of Superconductivity. Journal of Geometry and Symmetry in Physics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/jgsp-6-2006-3-10.

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Webster, Tom. Trends in Energy Management Technology: BCS Integration Technologies - Open Communications Networking. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/842955.

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Hardie, Lydia C., and Diane M. Spurlock. Relationship between Early Lactation BCS and Mid-Lactation Feed Efficiency in Dairy Cattle. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1286.

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Chen, J., J. F. Zasadzinski, K. E. Gray, J. L. Wagner, D. G. Hinks, K. Kouznetsov, and L. Coffey. BCS-like gap structure of HgBa{sub 2}CuO{sub 4+{delta}} tunnel junctions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10104581.

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Nehring, Natalia, and Simon Dacey. Formative vs Summative Quizzes as Regular Feedback on Moodle in Computer Science Courses: Which do Students Prefer? Unitec ePress, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.090.

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Deferred feedback on summative assessments can demotivate students and affect their overall learning performance, and it can change their study routines. The aim of this study is to compare and analyse students’ perceptions about summative and formative regular feedback: whether they are better motivated by being given marks, or by regular feedback without any marks. All participants were students from a Bachelor of Computer Science (BCS) degree at a New Zealand tertiary institute. Three courses were selected across three different levels of the BCS, and the sample group included 272 students from five different semesters. Summative (with marks) and formative (with feedback only) weekly quizzes were introduced in 2017, with the aim of providing early, regular feedback to students. Participants in the study were divided into two groups: students who were doing formative, and those who were doing summative quizzes. In each group, the majority of students indicated that they were happy and positive about getting regular feedback in the form of quizzes, and they appreciated the quiz questions and time spent as a way to adjust and enhance their learning. There was no real difference in students’ subjective evaluations and individual perceptions between those who had summative and those who had formative quizzes. The existence of quizzes, and the results, were important for students as weekly feedback and it didn’t matter whether marks were attached to these weekly feedback activities or not. More studies are needed to determine what type of questions could better influence students’ learning outcomes.
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Thomashow, Linda, Leonid Chernin, Ilan Chet, David M. Weller, and Dmitri Mavrodi. Genetically Engineered Microbial Agents for Biocontrol of Plant Fungal Diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696521.bard.

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The objectives of the project were: a) to construct the site-specific integrative expression cassettes carrying: (i) the chiA gene for a 58-kDa endochitinase, (ii) the pyrrolnitrin biosynthesis operon, and (iii) the acdS gene encoding ACC deaminase; b) to employ these constructs to engineer stable recombinant strains with an expanded repertoire of beneficial activities; c) to evaluate the rhizosphere competence and antifungal activity of the WT and modified strains against pathogenic fungi under laboratory and greenhouse conditions; and d) to monitor the persistence and impact of the introduced strains on culturable and nonculturable rhizosphere microbial populations in the greenhouse and the field. The research generally support our concepts that combining strategically selected genes conferring diverse modes of action against plant pathogens into one organism can improve the efficacy of biological control agents. We hypothesized that biocontrol agents (BCAs) engineered to expand their repertoire of beneficial activities will more effectively control soilborne plant pathogens. In this work, we demonstrated that biocontrol activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens Q8r1-96 and Q2-87, both producing the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) effective against the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani, can be improved significantly by introducing and expressing either the 1.6-kb gene chiA, encoding the 58-kDa endochitinase ChiA from the rhizosphere strain SerratiaplymuthicaIC1270, or the 5.8-kb prnABCDoperon encoding the broad-range antibiotic pyrrolnitrin (Prn) from another rhizosphere strain, P. fluorescens Pf-5. The PₜₐcchiAandPₜₐcprnABCDcassettes were cloned into the integrative pBK-miniTn7-ΩGm plasmid, and inserted into the genomic DNA of the recipient bacteria. Recombinant derivatives of strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 expressing the PₜₐcchiA or PₜₐcprnABCD cassettes produced endochitinase ChiA, or Prn, respectively, in addition to 2,4-DAPG, and the recombinants gave significantly better biocontrol of R. solani on beans under greenhouse conditions. The disease reduction index increased in comparison to the parental strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 to 17.5 and 39.0% from 3.2 and 12.4%, respectively, in the case of derivatives carrying the PₜₐcchiAcassette and to 63.1 and 70% vs. 2.8 and 12,4%, respectively, in the case of derivatives carrying the PₜₐcprnABCDcassette. The genetically modified strains exhibited persistence and non-target effects comparable to those of the parental strains in greenhouse soil. Three integrative cassettes carrying the acdS gene encoding ACC deaminase cloned under the control of different promoters were constructed and tested for enhancement of plant growth promotion by biocontrol strains of P. fluorescens and S. plymuthica. The integrative cassettes constructed in this work are already being used as a simple and efficient tool to improve biocontrol activity of various PGPR bacteria against fungi containing chitin in the cell walls or highly sensitive to Prn. Some parts of the work (e. g., construction of integrative cassettes) was collaborative while other parts e.g., (enzyme and antibiotic activity analyses) were fully synergistic. The US partners isolated and provided to the Israeli collaborators the original biocontrol strains P. fluorescens strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 and their mutants deficient in 2,4-DAPG production, which were used to evaluate the relative importance of introduction of Prn, chitinase or ACC deaminase genes for improvement of the biocontrol activity of the parental strains. The recombinant strains obtained at HUJI were supplied to the US collaborators for further analysis.
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