Journal articles: 'BC2L-C'

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Mazzotta, Sarah, Giulia Antonini, Francesca Vasile, Emilie Gillon, Jon Lundstrøm, Annabelle Varrot, Laura Belvisi, and Anna Bernardi. "Identification of New L-Fucosyl and L-Galactosyl Amides as Glycomimetic Ligands of TNF Lectin Domain of BC2L-C from Burkholderia cenocepacia." Molecules 28, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031494.

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The inhibition of carbohydrate-lectin interactions is being explored as an efficient approach to anti adhesion therapy and biofilm destabilization, two alternative antimicrobial strategies that are being explored against resistant pathogens. BC2L-C is a new type of lectin from Burkholderia cenocepacia that binds (mammalian) fucosides at the N-terminal domain and (bacterial) mannosides at the C-terminal domain. This double carbohydrate specificity allows the lectin to crosslink host cells and bacterial cells. We have recently reported the design and generation of the first glycomimetic antagonists of BC2L-C, β-C- or β-N-fucosides that target the fucose-specific N-terminal domain (BC2L-C-Nt). The low water solubility of the designed N-fucosides prevented a full examination of this promising series of ligands. In this work, we describe the synthesis and biophysical evaluation of new L-fucosyl and L-galactosyl amides, designed to be water soluble and to interact with BC2L-C-Nt. The protein–ligand interaction was investigated by Saturation Transfer Difference NMR, Isothermal Titration Calorimetry and crystallographic studies. STD-NMR experiments showed that both fucosyl and galactosyl amides compete with α-methyl fucoside for lectin binding. A new hit compound was identified with good water solubility and an affinity for BC2L-C-Nt of 159 μM (ITC), which represents a one order of magnitude gain over α-methyl fucoside. The x-ray structure of its complex with BC2L-C-Nt was solved at 1.55 Å resolution.

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Bermeo, Rafael, Anna Bernardi, and Annabelle Varrot. "BC2L-C N-Terminal Lectin Domain Complexed with Histo Blood Group Oligosaccharides Provides New Structural Information." Molecules 25, no. 2 (January 7, 2020): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020248.

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Lectins mediate adhesion of pathogens to host tissues, filling in a key role in the first steps of infection. Belonging to the opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia, BC2L-C is a superlectin with dual carbohydrate specificity, believed to mediate cross-linking between bacteria and host cells. Its C-terminal domain binds to bacterial mannosides while its N-terminal domain (BCL2-CN) recognizes fucosylated human epitopes. BC2L-CN presents a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) fold previously unseen in lectins with a novel fucose binding mode. We report, here, the production of a novel recombinant form of BC2L-CN (rBC2L-CN2), which allowed better protein stability and unprecedented co-crystallization with oligosaccharides. Isothermal calorimetry measurements showed no detrimental effect on ligand binding and data were obtained on the binding of Globo H hexasaccharide and l-galactose. Crystal structures of rBC2L-CN2 were solved in complex with two blood group antigens: H-type 1 and H-type 3 (Globo H) by X-ray crystallography. They provide new structural information on the binding site, of importance for the structural-based design of glycodrugs as new antimicrobials with antiadhesive properties.

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Šulák, Ondřej, Gianluca Cioci, Emilie Lameignère, Viviane Balloy, Adam Round, Irina Gutsche, Lenka Malinovská, et al. "Burkholderia cenocepacia BC2L-C Is a Super Lectin with Dual Specificity and Proinflammatory Activity." PLoS Pathogens 7, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): e1002238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002238.

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Bassett, Mark J. "A New Recessive Allele at the C Locus for Seedcoat Color in Common Bean." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120, no. 6 (November 1995): 896–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.6.896.

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The inheritance of a new allele, cv, at the C locus for seedcoat color was studied in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using plant introduction (PI) accession 527774 as the source of cv. The cross PI 527774 (yellow-brown seed) x v BC25-593 (mineral-brown seed) genetic tester stock was studied in F1 and F2 progeny. An F3 selection from the above cross, designated F3 cv G b v, was crossed to 5-593 (a Florida breeding line with black seeds), and the F1, and F2 progeny were analyzed for color segregation. The second hackcross [S-593 x F1 (F3 cv G b v x 5-593)] was investigated in selfed progenies from 32 random BC2-F1 parents. Two of the BC2-F2 progenies were further tested in BC2,-F3. A third hackcross of cv to 5-593 was made and analyzed, and an allelism test of cv B V BC2-F35-593 with the cartridge huff cu BC3 5-593 genetic tester stock confirmed that cv is an allele at C. The gene symbol, cv, is proposed for the new allele because it is only expressed with V and gives a grayish-brown seedcoat. Genotypes with C/cv do not show heterozygous mottling with G B v or G b v, and there is no difference in seedcoat color between C G B v and cv G B v, or between C G b v and cv G b v.

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Chen, Feng, Li Fan, Xun Hou, Chunmei Li, and Zhi-Qian Chen. "Structural, Magnetic and Electronic Properties of 3d Transition-Metal Atoms Adsorbed Monolayer BC2N: A First-principles Study." Materials 12, no. 10 (May 16, 2019): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12101601.

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Based on the monolayer BC2N structure, the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of 3d transition metal (TM) atoms (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni) adsorbed on the monolayer BC2N, are studied by using the first principle method. The results show that 3d transition metal atoms are stably adsorbed on the monolayer BC2N. The most stable adsorption sites for V, Cr, and Mn atoms are the hollow adsorption site (H) of BC2N, while the other 3d TM atoms (Fe, Co, Ni) are more readily adsorbed above the C atoms (Tc). The majority of TM atoms are chemically adsorbed on BC2N, whereas Cr and Mn atoms are physically adsorbed on BC2N. Except for Ni, most 3d transition metal atoms can induce the monolayer BC2N magnetization, and the spin-charge density indicated that the magnetic moments of the adsorption systems are mainly concentrated on the TM atoms. Moreover, the introduction of TM atoms can modulate the electronic structure of a single layer of BC2N, making it advantageous for spintronic applications, and for the development of magnetic nanostructures.

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WANG, L., H. S. LIM, and C. K. ONG. "DETERMINATIONS OF UPPER CRITICAL FIELDS IN CONTINUOUS GINZBURG–LANDAU MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics C 15, no. 06 (July 2004): 783–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183104006297.

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Novel procedures to determine the parallel upper critical field Bc2 (one-dimensional, 1D) have been proposed within a continuous Ginzburg–Landau model. Unlike conventional methods, where Bc2 is obtained through the determination of the smallest eigenvalue of an appropriate eigen equation, the square of the magnetic field is treated as eigenvalue problems by two procedures so that the upper critical field can be directly deduced. The two procedures proposed are extended to determine the upper critical field in the c–a crystal plane (two-dimensional, 2D) with an arbitrary angle θ tilted from the c-axis. The calculated Bc2 from the two procedures are consistent with each other in both 1D and 2D cases. Moreover, the values of Bc2 near the direction parallel to the layers obtained in the 2D case well approximate the counterparts in the 1D case. The properties of the calculated Bc2 are in reasonably good agreement with existing theories and experiments. The profiles of the order parameters associated with Bc2 for both 1D and 2D cases are Gaussian-like, further validating the methodology proposed.

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Zhao, Y., D. W. He, L. L. Daemen, T. D. Shen, R. B. Schwarz, Y. Zhu, D. L. Bish, et al. "Superhard B–C–N materials synthesized in nanostructured bulks." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 12 (December 2002): 3139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0454.

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We report here the high-pressure synthesis of well-sintered millimeter-sized bulks of superhard BC2N and BC4N materials in the form of a nanocrystalline composite with diamond-like amorphous carbon grain boundaries. The nanostructured superhard B–C–N material bulks were synthesized under high P–T conditions from amorphous phases of the ball-milled molar mixtures. The synthetic B–C–N samples were characterized by synchrotron x-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, electron energy-loss spectra, and indentation hardness measurements. These new high-pressure phases of B–C–N compound have extreme hardnesses, second only to diamond. Comparative studies of the high P–T synthetic products of BC2N, BC4N, and segregated phases of diamond + cBN composite confirm the existence of the single B–C–N ternary phases.

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Zhao, Hua, Chunchua Tian, Suna Wang, Dezhi Sun, and Chong Zhang. "The comparable study of isoelectronic-bodies of single-walled B/N nanotubes." Characterization and Application of Nanomaterials 5, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/can.v5i1.1416.

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he structure, thermodynamic stability, ionization potential (IP) and electron affinity (EA) energy level difference (Eg) and tension of lowest unoccupied orbit (LUMO) and highest occupied orbit (HOMO) of armchair single wall carbon nanotubes (C-NTs), BN hybrid carbon nanotubes (BC2N-NTs) and all BN nanotubes (BN-NTs) were systematically studied with AM1 method in this paper. Calculation results show that when n value is constant, (n, n) C-NTs (n = 3,4,5,6) has the largest diameter and BN-NTs has the smallest diameter; (n, n) the values of Eg (HOMO-LUMO) and n of C-NTs and BC2N-NTs are related; POAV analysis shows that different hybrid atoms have different contributions to the hybrid mode of nanotube atoms and the tension of nanotubes.

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Bassett, Mark J. "The Seedcoat Color Genotype of `Prim' and the Manteca and Coscorrón Market Classes of Common Bean." HortScience 34, no. 2 (April 1999): 336–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.2.336.

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Anecdotal evidence exists for nonflatulence among Chilean Manteca and Coscorrón market classes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and there is an hypothesis that the seedcoat color may be associated with superior digestibility. The inheritance of seedcoat color in `Prim', a Manteca market-class dry bean, was investigated using a protocol employing genetic interpretation of seedcoat colors in the F1 from testcrosses of `Prim' with a series of tester stocks. Most of the genetic tester stocks were constructed previously by backcrossing selected recessive alleles for seedcoat color into a recurrent parent (5-593) with seedcoat color genotype P [C r] D J G B V Rk Asp. The genetic tester stocks included two varieties, `Masterpiece' and `V0687', and testers constructed on the 5-593 background, viz., j BC2 5-593, d j BC2 5-593, asp BC2 5-593, b v BC2 5-593, v BC2 5-593, and cu BC3 5-593. The seedcoat color genotype of `Prim' was found to be P [C r] d j G b vlae. The implications of this genotype for pigment chemistry are discussed.

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10

JANES, M. E., R. NANNAPANENI, and M. G. JOHNSON. "Identification and Characterization of Two Bacteriocin-Producing Bacteria Isolated from Garlic and Ginger Root†." Journal of Food Protection 62, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.8.899.

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Two bacteriocin-producing bacterial strains were isolated from garlic and ginger root by the agar overlay method. The bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA sequence analyses and fermentation patterns as Leuconostoc mesenteroides (garlic isolate) and Lactococcus lactis (ginger isolate). The bacteriocins were assigned the names leucocin BC2 and lactocin GI3, respectively. Physiochemical properties and antimicrobial spectra of the bacteriocins were determined by the spot-on-lawn method. Both bacteriocins were inhibited by proteolytic enzymes. Leucocin BC2 exhibited a narrow antimicrobial spectrum, inhibiting only Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Listeria species. Lactocin GI3 had a broader spectrum, inhibiting Bacillus, Clostridium, Listeria, Enterococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, and Staphylococcus species. Both bacteriocins remained active when heated at 90°C for 15 min or 120°C for 20 min. Leucocin BC2 assayed at 37°C showed an inhibitory activity of 1,600 AU/ml, whereas at 8°C the activity was 12,800 AU/ml. Conversely, lactocin GI3 activity was the same at both assay temperatures. Both bacteriocins remained active over a pH range of 2.0 to 9.0 and in various organic solvents. The activity of leucocin BC2 was increased when treated with 0.5% acetic acid and 0.5% lactic acid, whereas lactocin GI3 activity was decreased with either acid. The molecular mass values were 3.7 kDa for leucocin BC2 and 3.9 kDa for lactocin GI3. These results show that the inhibitory substances produced by the bacteria isolated from garlic and ginger are bacteriocins that appear to be different in some characteristics from previously reported bacteriocins.

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11

Stephan, O., Y. Bando, and K. Kurashima. "Small Onions Formation Under Electron Irradiation of Turbostratic Bc2n and Turbostratic Bn." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 737–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600010576.

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After the discovery of C fullerenes and C nanotubes grown in the vapor phase, the formation of carbon onions [1] in the condensed phase from the irradiation of graphitic polyhedral particles with an intense electron beam gave further evidence that spherical carbon network can be favored under high temperature and strong irradiation regimes. Recently, BN and B-C-N hybrid nanotubes were synthetized. In spite of theoretical predictions, so far there has been no experimental evidence for the stability of B-N and B-C-N analogs of buckminster fullerenes. We exposed turbostratic BC2N and turbostratic BN samples to intense electron irradiation to study the ability of the honey comb network to include non hexagonal member rings and form curved structures.In the experiments described here, the BC2N starting materials were synthesized from vapor phase reaction (CVD) of BC13 and CH3CN. Such samples were then exposed to high temperature-high pressure (HT-HP) conditions at 7.7.

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Molina-Garcia, A. D., S. E. Harding, L. de Pieri, N. Jan, and W. M. Waites. "Dynamic light-scattering studies on the effect of heat and disinfectants on spores of Bacillus cereus." Biochemical Journal 263, no. 3 (November 1, 1989): 883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2630883.

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The relative stability of spores of Bacillus cereus grown at three different temperatures was examined by using quasi-elastic light scattering (q.l.s.) in conjunction with turbidity and scanning electron microscopy (s.e.m.). Cultures grown at 20, 30 and 40 degrees C (BC20, BC30 and BC40 respectively) were compared in terms of (i) their effective hydrodynamic radius, rH, as determined from q.l.s. and (ii) their gross morphology, as determined from s.e.m. The effects of autoclaving at 121.1 degrees C on both these properties was also examined. We observed (1) that cultures BC20 and BC30 appeared to have similar values for rH, whereas that of BC40 appeared some 50% higher, and (2) BC40 had a correspondingly much lower heat resistance (its structural integrity was lost after about 20 min autoclaving, whereas that of BC20 and BC30 was retained even after 80 min autoclaving). These data were in good agreement with independent measurements of heat-resistance coefficients. Changes in the hydrodynamic radius, polydispersity (both using q.l.s.) and turbidity were monitored with time on addition of the disinfectants sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid; again BC40 appeared to have a lower resistance.

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Paopradit, Panida, Natta Tansila, Komwit Surachat, and Pimonsri Mittraparp-arthorn. "Vibrio alginolyticus influences quorum sensing-controlled phenotypes of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus." PeerJ 9 (June 1, 2021): e11567. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11567.

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Background Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome (AHPND) caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain (VPAHPND) impacts the shrimp industry worldwide. With the increasing problem of antibiotic abuse, studies on quorum sensing (QS) system and anti-QS compounds bring potential breakthroughs for disease prevention and treatment. Methods In this study, the cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) and its extract of V. alginolyticus BC25 were investigated for anti-QS activity against a reporter bacteria, Chromobacterium violaceum DMST46846. The effects of CFCS and/ or extract on motility, biofilm formation and extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) of VPAHPND PSU5591 were evaluated. Moreover, the effects of V. alginolyticus BC25 on virulence of VPAHPND PSU5591 were investigated by shrimp challenge test. The potentially active anti-QS compounds presented in the extract and effect on gene expression of VPAHPND PSU5591 were identified. Results The CFCS of V. alginolyticus BC25 and its extract showed a significant anti-QS activity against the reporter bacteria as well as swimming and swarming motilities, biofilms, and EPSs production by VPAHPND PSU5591. Transcriptome analysis revealed that V. alginolyticus BC25 extract significantly reduced the flagella genes involved in biofilm formation and iron-controlled virulence regulatory gene of VPAHPND PSU5591. Whereas, the LuxR family transcriptional regulator gene, c-factor, a cell-cell signaling gene, and capsular polysaccharide were up-regulated. The potentially active anti-QS compounds identified in extract were Cyclo-(L-Leu-L-Pro), and Cyclo-(L-Phe-L-Pro). Furthermore, V. alginolyticus BC25 enhanced disease resistance against VPAHPND PSU5591 in tested shrimp larvae. Conclusion These findings suggest that V. alginolyticus BC25 could provide natural anti-QS and anti-biofilms compounds and has great ability to be used as biocontrol agent against VPAHPND infection in shrimp aquaculture.

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Kohler-Redlich, Ph, M. Terrones, C. Manteca-Diego, W. K. Hsu, H. Terrones, M. Rühle, H. W. Kroto, and D. R. M. Walton. "Stable BC2N nanostructures: low-temperature production of segregated C/BN layered materials." Chemical Physics Letters 310, no. 5-6 (September 1999): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(99)00845-3.

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Makiabadi, Batoul, Mohammad Zakarianezhad, and Shahin Mohammadzamani. "Theoretical Study of CN Radicals Chemisorption on the Electronic Properties of BC₂N Nanotube." Journal of Nano Research 48 (July 2017): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.48.38.

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In this work, we have investigated the adsorption behavior of the CN radicals on electronic properties of BC2N nanotube (BC2NNT) by means of the B3LYP hybrid density functional method using 6-31G(d) basis set. The results show that CN radicals can be chemically adsorbed on the nanotube. Based on the energy analysis, the most stable position of CN radical on the nanotube is C1 site. Also, the C-side complexes are more stable than the N-side complexes. We investigated the effects of CN radicals adsorption on the electronic properties of the BC2N nanotube. According to our calculations, band gap energy of the BC2NNT decreases with increasing the number of CN radicals. It is predicted that the conductivity and reactivity of nanotube increase by increasing the number of CN radicals. Based on the NBO analysis, in all complexes charge transfer occurs from nanotube to CN radical. The AIM results show that, the Xtube…YCN interaction has covalent nature. Generally, The BC2N nanotube can be used to as sensor for nanodevice applications.

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Bassett, Mark J. "A Complex C Region Genotype [? R] that with G B vlae Produces Dark Seal-brown Seedcoat Color in Common Bean." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121, no. 4 (July 1996): 594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.121.4.594.

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Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plant introduction 527829 (formerly Lamprecht M0048) has dark seal-brown (DSB) seedcoats and pink flowers. An investigation was conducted to determine the genotype of DSB seedcoat color. M0048 was crossed with Florida breeding line 5-593, which has genotype P [C r] D J G B V Rk. A series of crosses involving M0048, 5-593, and three genetic tester stocks (v BC2 5-593, cu BC2 5-593, and b v BC2 5-593) led to determination of the genotype. Data analysis indicated that M0048 has the genotype P [? R] J G B vlae, where DSB color is produced by the interaction of R with B. Crosses between [? R] and testers with [C r] always produced seedcoat mottling in F1, except where V masks the effect. The cross [? R] B v (DSB) × cu BC2 5-593 (cartridge buff seedcoat) produced marbled seedcoats (black/cartridge buff) with genotype [? R]/[cu?] B V. No way was found to determine whether the mottled or marbled seedcoat patterns were controlled at C or R; hence, the allelic ambiguity is indicated with a question mark. Illustrations are provided showing the difference between seedcoat mottling (a highly variable low-contrast patterning) and seedcoat marbling (a less variable high-contrast patterning, usually with cartridge buff as the background color). The development of a new genetic tester stock, [? R] b v BC3 5-593, was described, where [? R] b v gives unpatterned dominant red seedcoat color.

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O’Toole, Adam, Christophe Moni, Simon Weldon, Anne Schols, Monique Carnol, Bernard Bosman, and Daniel Rasse. "Miscanthus Biochar had Limited Effects on Soil Physical Properties, Microbial Biomass, and Grain Yield in a Four-Year Field Experiment in Norway." Agriculture 8, no. 11 (October 27, 2018): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8110171.

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The application of biochar to soils is a promising technique for increasing soil organic C and offsetting GHG emissions. However, large-scale adoption by farmers will likely require the proof of its utility to improve plant growth and soil quality. In this context, we conducted a four-year field experiment between October 2010 to October 2014 on a fertile silty clay loam Albeluvisol in Norway to assess the impact of biochar on soil physical properties, soil microbial biomass, and oat and barley yield. The following treatments were included: Control (soil), miscanthus biochar 8 t C ha−1 (BC8), miscanthus straw feedstock 8 t C ha−1 (MC8), and miscanthus biochar 25 t C ha−1 (BC25). Average volumetric water content at field capacity was significantly higher in BC25 when compared to the control due to changes in BD and total porosity. The biochar amendment had no effect on soil aggregate (2–6 mm) stability, pore size distribution, penetration resistance, soil microbial biomass C and N, and basal respiration. Biochar did not alter crop yields of oat and barley during the four growing seasons. In order to realize biochar’s climate mitigation potential, we suggest future research and development efforts should focus on improving the agronomic utility of biochar in engineered fertilizer and soil amendment products.

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Susilo, Hadi, Nisa Rachmania Mubarik, and Triadiati Triadiati. "Characterization of Gibberellin Producing Rhizobacteria Isolated from Soil Forest in Banten." Current Biochemistry 2, no. 1 (April 20, 2015): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/cb.2.1.32-41.

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Gibberellin is plant growth regulator that stimulates cell elongation, seed germination, flowering, and fruit ripening. This study was conducted to isolate, identify, and optimize growth media for gibberellins producing- rhizobacteria isolated from rhizosphere soil of “keruing“ (Dipterocarpus sp.) tree in forest research Carita, Pandeglang, Banten. Eight bacterial isolates were obtained and all produced gibberellin. The BC2 isolate produced the highest of gibberellin (0.897 mg mL-1) and then selected for identification based on physiology, molecular character, and effects of growth media with variation of temperature, pH, and light. The result of physiological test indicated that BC2 isolate does not produce indole, positive on urease and oxidative carbohydrate. The phylogenetic analysis showed that BC2 isolate is belonged to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with 98% similarity level. The optimation of growth media indicated that the growth of BC2 isolate was optimum at 30°C, pH 7, and dark condition.

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Ahmadi, Mohammad Taghi, Ahmad Razmdideh, Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor, and Michal Petrů. "Carbon-Based Band Gap Engineering in the h-BN Analytical Modeling." Materials 13, no. 5 (February 25, 2020): 1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051026.

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The absence of a band gap in graphene is a hindrance to its application in electronic devices. Alternately, the complete replacement of carbon atoms with B and N atoms in graphene structures led to the formation of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and caused the opening of its gap. Now, an exciting possibility is a partial substitution of C atoms with B and N atoms in the graphene structure, which caused the formation of a boron nitride composite with specified stoichiometry. BC2N nanotubes are more stable than other triple compounds due to the existence of a maximum number of B–N and C–C bonds. This paper focused on the nearest neighbor’s tight-binding method to explore the dispersion relation of BC2N, which has no chemical bond between its carbon atoms. More specifically, the band dispersion of this specific structure and the effects of energy hopping in boron–carbon and nitrogen–carbon atoms on the band gap are studied. Besides, the band structure is achieved from density functional theory (DFT) using the generalized gradient approximations (GGA) approximation method. This calculation shows that this specific structure is semimetal, and the band gap energy is 0.167 ev.

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Jin, Hongxiao, Christian Josef Köppl, Benjamin M. C. Fischer, Johanna Rojas-Conejo, Mark S. Johnson, Laura Morillas, Steve W. Lyon, et al. "Drone-Based Hyperspectral and Thermal Imagery for Quantifying Upland Rice Productivity and Water Use Efficiency after Biochar Application." Remote Sensing 13, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 1866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13101866.

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Miniature hyperspectral and thermal cameras onboard lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) bring new opportunities for monitoring land surface variables at unprecedented fine spatial resolution with acceptable accuracy. This research applies hyperspectral and thermal imagery from a drone to quantify upland rice productivity and water use efficiency (WUE) after biochar application in Costa Rica. The field flights were conducted over two experimental groups with bamboo biochar (BC1) and sugarcane biochar (BC2) amendments and one control (C) group without biochar application. Rice canopy biophysical variables were estimated by inverting a canopy radiative transfer model on hyperspectral reflectance. Variations in gross primary productivity (GPP) and WUE across treatments were estimated using light-use efficiency and WUE models respectively from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), canopy chlorophyll content (CCC), and evapotranspiration rate. We found that GPP was increased by 41.9 ± 3.4% in BC1 and 17.5 ± 3.4% in BC2 versus C, which may be explained by higher soil moisture after biochar application, and consequently significantly higher WUEs by 40.8 ± 3.5% in BC1 and 13.4 ± 3.5% in BC2 compared to C. This study demonstrated the use of hyperspectral and thermal imagery from a drone to quantify biochar effects on dry cropland by integrating ground measurements and physical models.

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Torrens, Francisco, and Gloria Casrtellano. "Solvent features of cluster single-wall C, BC2N and BN nanotubes, cones and horns." Microelectronic Engineering 108 (August 2013): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2013.02.046.

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Bassett, Mark J. "The Dark Corona Character in Seedcoats of Common Bean Cosegregates with the Pink Flower Allele vlae." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120, no. 3 (May 1995): 520–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.3.520.

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Crosses were made with two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) parents that have pink flowers (vlae/-) and mineral-brown seedcoats with dark corona, viz., vlae BC3 5-593 (derived from Lamprecht V0491) and F3 vlae dark corona (derived from Lamprecht M0048). The third parent v BC2 5-593 had white flowers (v/v) and mineral-brown seedcoats without dark corona (derived from Lamprecht M0056). The F2 progenies of the crosses v BC2 5-593 × vlae BC3 5-593 and F3vlae dark corona × v BC2 5-593 segregated for only two phenotypic classes: either pink flowers and seeds with dark corona or white flowers and seeds without dark corona. Thus, it was demonstrated that the dark corona character (Cor) is either tightly linked to vlae (<4 map units) or is a pleiotropic effect of vlae. Pleiotropy is more probable, but tight linkage cannot be ruled out. A linkage of 15 map units between Cor and R (currently, R is known to be tightly linked with C) reported by Lamprecht was not found by subsequent authors, and the linkage map of common bean should be revised accordingly, i.e., no linkage exists between V (Cor) and C.

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Sultana, A., NY Shaikh, MS Zahan, R. Akter, SA Islam, and M. Issak. "Agroclimatic Indices of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Influenced by Different Planting Times." Bangladesh Rice Journal 23, no. 2 (July 17, 2020): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v23i2.48251.

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Meteorological variables have an important role in rice production. Considering this study was carried out in Aman season of 2016 at the research field of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur. The research was conducted in order to investigate the effects of planting time on various agrometeorological indices viz., accumulated growing degree days (GDD), heliothermal units (HTU), photo thermal units (PTU), and heat use efficiency (HUE) the yield of advanced/variety grown under different time of transplanting in the Gazipur climatic zone (AEZ, 28). The research was conducted as a split plot using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. In this research, three planting times (1st Aug, 16th Aug, and 31th Aug) and the Advanced lines/varieties BR (Bio) 9786-BC2-119-1-1, BR (Bio) 9786-BC2-132-1-3 and BRRI dhan49 (check variety) were used in the experiment. The results showed that planting time significantly affected on grain yield. Among the genotypes, BR (Bio) 9786-BC2-119-1-1 and BR (Bio) 9786-BC2-132-1-3 produced significantly higher grain yield than check variety BRRI dhan49 in all the planting times. The variety (BRRI dhan49), transplanted at the first August, took maximum calendar days (136 days) to attain different phenological stages till physiological maturity coupled with highest growing degree days (2420 degree day) for maturity, lowest heat use efficiency (2.25 kg ha-1 c-1 day-1), highest heliothermal units (15141.01 degree day hours) and lowest photothermal units (29678.81 degree day hours) resulting lower yield. Among the advanced lines the line BR (Bio) 9786-BC2-119-1-1 took higher calendar day (134 days) to attain different phenological stages till physiological maturity coupled with higher growing degree days (2393 degree day) for maturity, heat use efficiency (2.76 kg ha-1 c-1 day-1), heliothermal units (13759.75 degree day hours) and photothermal units (30112.51 degree day hours) resulting higher yield. Taken together, the results indicate that the advanced line, BR (Bio) 9786-BC2-119-1-1, could be select as a best advanced line to release as a variety due to its higher grain yield. Bangladesh Rice j. 2019, 23(2): 87-94

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Jin, Liang, Dan Wei, Dawei Yin, Baoku Zhou, JianLi Ding, Wei Wang, Jiuming Zhang, et al. "Investigations of the effect of the amount of biochar on soil porosity and aggregation and crop yields on fertilized black soil in northern China." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): e0238883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238883.

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The combination of chemical fertilizer and biochar is regarded as a useful soil supplement for improving the properties of soil and crop yields, and this study describes how the biochar of maize straw can be used to improve the quality of the degraded black soil. This has been achieved by examining the effects of combining different amounts of biochar with chemical fertilizer on the porosities and aggregate formation of soil and exploring how these changes positively impact on crop yields. A field trial design combining different amounts of maize straw biochar [0 (NPK), 15.75 (BC1), 31.5 (BC2), and 47.25 t ha−1 (BC3)] with a chemical fertilizer (NPK) has been used to investigate changes in the formation of soil aggregate, clay content, soil organic carbon (SOC), and crop yields in Chinese black soil over a three year period from 2013 to 2015. The results of this study show that the addition of fertilizer and biochar in 2013 to black soil results in an increased soybean and maize yields from 2013 to 2015 for all the treatments, with BC1/BC2 affording improved crop yields in 2015, while BC3 gave a lower soybean yield in 2015. Total porosities and pore volumes were increased for BC1 and BC2 treatments but relatively decreased for BC3, which could be attributed to increased soil capillary caused by the presence of higher numbers of fine soil particles. The addition of biochar had a positive influence on the numbers and mean weight diameters (MWD) of soil macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) that were present, with the ratio of SOC to TN in soil macroaggregates found to be greater than in the microaggregates. The most significant amount of carbon present in macroaggregates (>2 mm and 0.25–2 mm) was observed when BC2 was applied as a soil additive. Increasing the levels of maze straw biochar to 47.25 t ha−1 led to an increase in the total organic carbon of soil, however, the overall amount of macroaggregates and MWD were decreased, which is possibly due to localized changes in microbial habitat. The supplementation of biochar increased in the amount of aromatic C present (most significant effect observed for BC2), with the ratio of aliphatic C to aromatic C found to be enhanced due to a relative reduction in the aliphatic C content with >2 mm particle fraction. These changes in organic carbon content and soil stability were analyzed using univariate quadratic equations to explain the relationship between the type of functional groups (polysaccharide C, aliphatic C, aromatic C, aliphatic C/aromatic C) present in the soil aggregates and their MWDs, which were found to vary significantly. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the use of controlled amounts of maize-straw biochar in black soil is beneficial for improving crop yields and levels of soil aggregation, however, the use of excessive amounts of biochar results in unfavorable aggregate formation which negatively impacts the yields of crop growth. The data produced suggest that aromatic C content can be used as a single independent variable to characterize the stability of soil aggregate when biochar/fertilizer mixtures are used as soil additives to boost growth yields. Analysis of soil and crop performance in black soil revealed that the application of maize-straw biochar at a rate of 15.75 and 31.5 t ha−1 had positive effects on crop yields, soil aggregation and accumulation of aromatic C in the aggregate fractions when a soybean-maize rotation system was followed over three years.

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Bassett, Mark J. "The Margo (mar) Seedcoat Color Gene Is a Synonym for the Joker (j) Locus in Common Bean." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121, no. 6 (November 1996): 1028–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.121.6.1028.

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The inheritance of hilum ring color in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was investigated using various genetic tester stocks developed by backcrossing recessive alleles into a recurrent parent stock 5-593 with seedcoat genotype P [C r] D J G B V Rk, viz., mar BC2 5-593, mar BC3 5-593, mar v BC2 5-593, mar d BC2 5-593, and mar d BC3 5-593. The current hypothesis is that the margo character is controlled by mar and hilum ring color is controlled by d but expresses only with mar. The V locus controls flower and seedcoat color. The allelism test crosses `Citroen' (P C d j g b vlae) × mar BC3 5-593 and `Citroen' × mar d BC3 5-593 demonstrated that mar is allelic with j and that the putative d in mar d BC3 5-593 is allelic with the d in `Citroen'. Thus, the former genetic tester stocks mar BC3 5-593 and mar d BC3 5-593 are reclassified as j BC3 5-593 and d j BC3 5-593, respectively, because mar is a synonym for j. Similarly, the former genetic tester stock mar v BC2 5-593 is reclassified as j v BC2 5-593. The interaction of j with d expresses as loss of color in the hilum ring. The development of the white-seeded genetic tester stock P cu d j BC3 5-593 was described in detail, where the all-recessive tester `Prakken 75' was used as the source of the recessive alleles. The previously reported work showing that the partly colored seedcoat gene t interacts with mar to control seedcoat pattern is now interpreted to mean that the joker (J) locus interacts with t to produce partly colored seedcoat patterns. The genetic loci D and V were found to segregate independently. The common gene for dull seedcoats (asper, asp) is discussed and contrasted with j.

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Li, Qiao, Songjian Liu, Shangzhi Gao, Xin Zhou, Riyue Liu, Song Guan, and Sen Dou. "Specified Dosages of Biochar Application Not Impact Native Organic Carbon but Promote a Positive Effect on Native Humic Acid in Humicryepts Soil." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 6392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116392.

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Biochar is considered to have potential use in carbon (C) sequestration and has been widely used in soil amendment. Humic substances (HSs), assigned as the stable organic C, have obvious agronomic benefits. However, the response mechanisms of these carbonaceous substances to biochar are unclear in biochar-amended soils. In a two-year experiment, the δ13C technique was employed to trace the fate of the biochar-derived C in HSs and evaluate the effects of four treatments, including no biochar control (CK) and biochar addition at dosages of 6 t ha−1 (BC6), 12 t ha−1 (BC12), and 24 t ha−1 soil (BC24), on soil organic carbon (SOC) and HSs. Compared to CK, biochar application significantly improved total SOC contents and the C pool index, whereas the C labile index declined. Humic acid (HA) and humin were distinctly enhanced in bulk soil. Moreover, the aliphaticity was intensified in the chemical composition of HA. In particular, native HA contents substantially increased by 16.30–55.95%. Biochar-applied C of 4.08–6.43% was finitely involved in HA formation over the two years, which resulted in a genetic relationship between soil HA and biochar to some extent. The low dosages of biochar at 6 t ha−1, 12 t ha−1 and 24 t ha−1 did not obviously affect native SOC contents. Moreover, BC24 had less of an effect on HA formation compared to BC6 and BC12, but had the highest SOC. These results demonstrate that biochar application can improve SOC stocks, reduce C instability and promote HSs formation, and they suggest that determining and keeping an optimum dosage of biochar application can represent an effective strategy (i.e., not only sequestrate C, but also improve soil quality), which is beneficial to sustainability in the ecological environment and agriculture.

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Wang, Huiqi, Duo An, Ning Li, Ying Li, Mei Wang, Jinfang Zhang, Shengliang Hu, and Yan-Bing He. "PbTe nanodots confined on ternary B2O3/BC2O/C nanosheets as electrode for efficient sodium storage." Journal of Power Sources 461 (June 2020): 228110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228110.

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Xiao, Xiang, Hong Li, Jun Tie, and Jing Lu. "Half Metallic Behavior in H-Terminated Zigzag BC₂N Nanoribbons." Applied Mechanics and Materials 864 (April 2017): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.864.30.

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We study structural, stability, electronic and magnetic properties of zigzag-edged BC2N nanoribbons (ZBC2NNRs) with H-termination in the view of first principles calculations. Four kinds of edge arrangements are considered, labeled as B-C, N-C, N-B, and C-C. Interestingly, we find these four types of H-terminated ZBC2NNRs have various electronic structures. The half-metal and semi-metal are obtained depending on the edge atom alignment. The B-C and N-C ZBC2NNRs with H-termination are half-metals with antiferromagnetic (AFM) ground states. The magnetic moments of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) state always prefer to locate at the ribbon edges. However, the N-B and C-C ZBC2NNRs show spin-unpolarized semi-metallic behaviors at ground states. Our results suggest that the H-terminated ZBC2NNRs can be a promising candidate material in nanoelectronics and nanospintronics.

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Zheng, Yong Ping, Ning Wei, Zhe Yong Fan, Lan Qing Xu, and Zhi Gao Huang. "Structural and Electronic Properties of c-BC2N Supper Hard Material: an Ab-Initio Study." Materials Science Forum 694 (July 2011): 676–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.694.676.

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In this paper, first-principles calculations are performed to study the influence of atomic design on the structural and electronic properties of pseudo-cubic BC2N. The calculated results indicate that atomic structures and bond configurations have significant effects on the electronic properties. From band structure and total density of state, it is found that there exist five semiconductor configurations and two semi-metal configurations in pesudo-cubic BC2N. Within LDA approximation, the predicted band gaps vary from 0.7 eV to 2.6 eV for the five semiconductor configurations. A recently proposed band gap calculation method, termed Δ-sol method, is applied to correct the obtained energy band gaps, and the corrected range is from 2.9 eV to 4.4 eV. These results indicate that the band gap tuning in super hard materials can be implemented via atomic design.

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Zhuang, Chunqiang, Xiaoqing Li, Jijun Zhao, H. Abu Samra, and Xin Jiang. "Fluctuations of tensile strength and hardness of c-BC2N crystals induced by difference in atomic configuration." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 23, no. 46 (November 4, 2011): 465401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/23/46/465401.

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Kommel, Lembit, Toomas Tamm, and Raido Metsvahi. "Effect of New Superhard Phases Formation on Properties of Composite Processed by SHS." Key Engineering Materials 527 (November 2012): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.527.137.

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A composite was produced from initial powder mixture of B4C (70 wt.%) and Al (30 wt. %) with WC-Co additives introduced during ball-milling and acting as catalysts by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and followed by heat treatment of raw samples under gaseous nitrogen flow at 650, 800, 1000, 1150 and 1450 °C, respectively. Formation of different new superhard phases was detected via XRD investigation and analysis of microstructures. Micromechanical properties were tested by nanoindentation. The tribological behavior in dry sliding conditions of the composite was investigated using the ball-on-disk technique against alumina balls. The friction coefficient of the composite increased and wear rate decreased with formation of c-BC2N, c-BN, B13C2, W2B5, Al3BC, AlN, etc. contents during heat treatment at increased temperatures.

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32

Bassett, Mark J. "The griseoalbus (Gray-white) Seedcoat Color Is Controlled by an Allele (pgri) at the P Locus in Common Bean." HortScience 29, no. 10 (October 1994): 1178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.10.1178.

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A cross was made between gri (gray-white seedcoat) and p (pure-white seedcoat) using genetic stocks gri BC2 5-593 and p BC2 5-593 developed to carry only a single recessive allele for seedcoat color in an otherwise all-dominant genetic background. The recurrent parent, 5-593, is a Florida dry-bean breeding line with bishops-violet flowers, determinate habit, small seed size, shiny black seeds, and seedcoat genotype T Mar P [C r] D J G B V Rk. The F1 progeny from the above cross between gri and p had the flower color pattern and seedcoat color of the griseoalbus character (gri), but had less intense color expression. Therefore, I hypothesized that gri is an allele at the P locus (allelic interaction). The hypothesis of allelism was confirmed in the F2, which failed to segregate for bishops-violet flowers and black seed, i.e., no complementation was evident. The symbol pgri is proposed for the new allele at P, where the dominance series is P > pgri > p. The gene for gray-white seeds in gri BC2 5-593 was shown to be allelic to Lamprecht's gri gene in V0059 (PI 527716).

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Drew, R. A., S. V. Siar, C. M. O'Brien, and A. G. C. Sajise. "Progress in backcrossing between Carica papaya × Vasconcellea quercifolia intergeneric hybrids and C. papaya." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 3 (2006): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04248.

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Papaya is a major tropical fruit crop worldwide, however, all genotypes are susceptible to Papaya ringspot virus type P (PRSV-P). Protocols have been developed to produce large numbers of intergeneric hybrids between Carica papaya L. and Vasconcellea quercifolia, which is PRSV-P resistant. Although pollen fertility of these hybrids was low, backcross populations were produced in both Australia and the Philippines when papaya flowers were pollinated with pollen from 11 hybrid plants that had been identified as having some pollen fertility and were PRSV-P resistant. Plantlets were produced after embryo rescue and culture in vitro. Second backcross generations (BC2) were easier to produce than first backcross (BC1) generations as pollen fertility was >80% in male BC1 plants. Variation in time to PRSV-P symptom expression and severity of virus symptoms in the backcross generations was observed in both countries. Commercially acceptable fruit were produced in the BC2 generation. The results demonstrate that efforts in wide hybridisation to transfer PRSV-P resistance to C. papaya, are better directed towards crosses between C. papaya and V. quercifolia than with other Vasconcellea species.

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Janes, M. E., R. Nannapaneni, A. Proctor, and M. G. Johnson. "Rice Hull Ash and Silicic Acid as Adsorbents for Concentration of Bacteriocins†." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 4403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.11.4403-4409.1998.

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ABSTRACT A model procedure has been developed for the rapid extraction of five bacteriocins (nisin, pediocin RS2, leucocin BC2, lactocin GI3, and enterocin CS1) from concentrated freeze-dried crude culture supernatants by adsorption onto acid or alkaline rice hull ash (RHA) or silicic acid (SA). Bacteriocins were adsorbed onto RHA or SA by a pH-dependent method and desorbed by decreasing the pH to 2.5 or 3.0 and heating at 90°C for 5 min. The maximum adsorption and optimal pH range for different bacteriocins were as follows: nisin, 97% at pH 7.0; lactocin GI3, 94% at pH 6.0; pediocin RS2, 97% at pH 8.0 to 9.0; leucocin BC2, 88% at pH 9.0; and enterocin CS1, 94% at pH 5.0. The desorption level of lactocin GI3 or enterocin CS1 from the surfaces of both RHA and SA was 94%, while the desorption level of pediocin RS2 and leucocin BC2 was 50% or less. Nisin was desorbed readily from SA (91%) but not from RHA (50% or less). The adsorption of bacteriocins onto RHA and SA increased with the increasing concentration of bacteriocins. Analysis of the desorbed bacteriocins after dialysis and sodium dodecyl sulfate–16% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a single band that gave a single inhibition zone when overlaid withLactobacillus plantarum for detection of lactocin GI3, enterocin CS1, and nisin. RHA appears useful for extraction, concentration, and partial purification of the five bacteriocins.

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Martin, William J., and Dennis P. Stimart. "073 Stomatal Density as a Correlated Trait to Postharvest Longevity in Antirrhinum majus L. (Snapdragon)." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 401B—401. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.401b.

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Stomatal density is being investigated as a highly correlated trait to postharvest longevity (PHL) and subsequently may be used for selection in early generations of breeding germplasm. To this end, leaf imprints were created from Antirrhinum majus L. (snapdragon) P1, P2, F1, BC1 (F1×P1), BC2 (F1×P2), F2, and F3 plants and evaluated for stomatal densities. Cut flowers of P1, P2, F1, BC1 (F1×P1), BC2 (F1×P2), and F3 were harvested after the first five flowers opened and evaluated for PHL. Additionally, cut flowers from these lines were evaluated for leaf surface area. Populations for evaluation were grown in the greenhouse in winter and spring 1999-2000 in a randomized complete-block design according to standard forcing procedures. Twenty-five cut flowering stems of each genotype were held in the laboratory in deionized water under continuous fluorescent lighting at 22 °C for PHL assessment. The end of PHL was defined as 50% of the flowers drying, browning, or wilting. Data will be presented on the correlation between stomatal density and PHL.

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36

Ágota, Gabriella, L. Bárdos, and A. Pusztai. "Effect of large dietary doses of ß-carotene on plasma retinoid AND ß-carotene levels and ON progesterone production in the granulosa cells of Japanese quail." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 48, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.48.2000.1.9.

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An experiment was conducted to study the effect of large-dose (-carotene supplementation on blood retinoid and (-carotene levels as well as on the progesterone secretion of the granulosa cells in Japanese quail. Laying quails were assigned to three dietary groups. The control group (Group C) received the basal diet (laying feed containing 9000 IU vitamin A/kg). In the treated groups (Groups BC1 and BC2) the basal diet was supplemented with 102and 103mg/kg (-carotene (BC), respectively. At the end of the two-week feeding period, 10 birds from each group were euthanised. Blood samples were analysed for retinol, retinyl palmitate and (-carotene concentrations. Granulosa cells were isolated from ovarian follicles (F1and F2), and PMSG-inducedin vitroprogesterone (P4) secretion was measured. Similar retinol concentrations were found in both (-carotene supplemented groups, indicating saturation of the retinol-transporting system. (-carotene supplementation was accompanied by hypercarotenaemia, but did not increase the retinyl palmitate levels in the blood. PMSG-induced P4production of the granulosa cells decreased significantly in Groups BC1 and BC2 in a dose-dependent manner.

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Niemczyk, Kazimierz, Magdalena Lachowska, Monika Kwacz, Jarosław Wysocki, Paweł Borkowski, Maria Małkowska, and Jacek Sokołowski. "Effectiveness of Bone Conduction Stimulation Applied Directly to the Otic Capsule Measured at Promontory: Assessment in Cadavers." Audiology and Neurotology 25, no. 3 (2020): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000505607.

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Introduction: The aims of this study included: (a) to develop a method of direct acoustic bone conduction (BC) stimulation applied directly to the otic capsule, (b) to investigate the effect of different stimulation sites on the promontory displacement amplitude, and (c) to find the best stimulation site (among 2 located directly on the otic capsule and 1 standard site approved for clinical use) that provides the greatest transmission of vibratory energy. Methods: Measurements were performed on 9 cadaveric whole human heads. A commercial scanning laser Doppler vibrometer was used. The promontory displacement was recorded in response to BC stimulation delivered by an implant at 3 sites: BC1 on the squamous part of the temporal bone, BC2 on the ampulla of the lateral semicircular canal, and BC3 between the semicircular canals. The displacement of the promontory was analyzed in detail. Results: The results show that BC1 caused an overall smaller promontory displacement than both sites BC2 and 3. BC3 stimulation is more efficient than that at BC2. Conclusions: BC is an effective method of acoustic stimulus delivery into the inner ear, with the effectiveness increasing when approaching closer to the cochlea. Placing the implant directly on the labyrinth and thus applying vibrations directly to the otic capsule is possible and very effective as proved in this study. The results are encouraging and represent the potential of new stimulation sites that could be introduced in the field of BC hearing rehabilitation as the possible future locations for implantable BC hearing devices.

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Erb, W. Alan, and N. Jean Flickinger. "484 PB 420 VARIANCE COMPONENTS FOR LEAF AREA AND DRY WEIGHT ACCUMULATION IN GREENHOUSE TOMATOES GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT LIGHT AND NIGHT TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 500f—500. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.500f.

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Two tomato inbreds (one advanced greenhouse line, P1=Ohio ICR.9 and one frost resistant line, P2=Ohio 4013-3) and F1, BC1, BC2 and F2 progeny were examined for growth and development during December and January to determine inheritance of biomass characters. Two-week-old seedlings from each generation (8 from the P1, P2 and F1; 32 from the BC1 and BC2; and 64 from the F2) developed over a 9-week period at 2 different night temperatures (17 and 12 C) and light levels (natural light and 30% shade, 5 days/week). The F1 generation had the highest leaf area and total dry weight means followed by the BC1 and P1 generations. The variance components for leaf area and total dry weight accumulation were: Ve = 120,300 and 2.63; Vp = 553,618 and 12.46; Va = 127,475 and 3.65; and Vd = 305,843 and 6.18, respectively. Both traits are highly heritable, having a broad sense heritability of 0.78 and 0.79 for leaf area and total dry weight, respectively. However, because narrow sense heritability is low, 0.23 and 0.30, respectively, improvement in biomass accumulation will be more difficult.

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CHIANG, M. S., and R. CRETE. "CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY IN Brasska oleracea INDUCED BY B. napus CYTOPLASM — FEMALE FERTILITY AND RESTORATION OF MALE FERTILITY." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, no. 3 (July 1, 1987): 891–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-126.

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The 37-chromosome F1 hybrids obtained from the cross between rutabaga (B. napus L. ssp. rapifera (Metzg.) Sinsk) and cabbage (B. oleracea L. ssp. capitata L.) were backcrossed four times using 2x-cabbages as the male recurrent parent. Female fertility improved rapidly in BC2 progenies whereas male sterility persisted in the B. oleracea type backcross progenies carrying the cytoplasm of B. napus. Male fertility was restored fully when the c genome was reintroduced to the cytoplasm of B. oleracea.Key words: Brassica oleracea, Brassica napus, cabbage, cytoplasmic male sterility

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40

Li, Jinong, Rosaria Orlandi, C. Nicole White, Jason Rosenzweig, Jing Zhao, Ettore Seregni, Daniele Morelli, et al. "Independent Validation of Candidate Breast Cancer Serum Biomarkers Identified by Mass Spectrometry." Clinical Chemistry 51, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 2229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2005.052878.

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Abstract Background: We previously selected a panel of 3 breast cancer biomarkers (BC1, BC2, and BC3) from serum samples collected at a single hospital based on their collective contribution to the optimal separation of breast cancer patients and noncancer controls by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS). The identities and general applicability of these markers, however, were unknown. In this study, we performed protein expression profiling on samples obtained from a second hospital, included a greater number of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) cases, and performed purification and identification of the 2 confirmed markers. Methods: Using a case–control study design, we performed protein expression profiling on serum samples from the National Cancer Institute (Milan, Italy). The validation sample cohort consisted of 61 women with locally invasive breast cancer, 32 with DCIS, 37 with various benign breast diseases (including 13 atypical), and 46 age-matched apparently healthy women (age range, 44–68 years). Validated biomarkers were purified and identified with serial chromatography, 1-dimensional gel electrophoresis, in-gel ASP-N digestion, peptide mass fingerprinting, and tandem mass peptide sequencing. Results: The BC3 and BC2 expression patterns in this sample set were consistent with the first study sample set. BC3 and BC2 were identified to be complement component C3adesArg and a C-terminal–truncated form of C3adesArg, respectively. Conclusions: Evaluation of biomarkers in independent sample sets can help determine the broader utility of candidate markers, and protein identification permits understanding of their molecular basis. C3adesArg appears to lack specificity among patients with benign diseases, limiting its utility as a stand-alone tumor marker, but it may still be useful in a multimarker panel for early detection of breast cancer.

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Ardiani, Irma Septi, Khoirotun Nadiyyah, Anna Zakiyatul Laila, Sarayut Tunmee, Hideki Nakajima, Budhi Priyanto, and Darminto. "Structural Analysis of Boron- and Nitrogen-Doped Amorphous Carbon Films from Bio-Product." Key Engineering Materials 860 (August 2020): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.860.190.

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Amorphous carbon films have been explored and used in a wide variety of applications. With the n-type and p-type amorphous carbon film, it can be used to make p-n junctions for solar cells. This research aims to study the structure of boron- and nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon (a-C:B and a-C:N) films. This research uses the basic material of bio-product from palmyra sugar to form amorphous carbon. Amorphous carbon was synthesized by heating the palmyra sugar at 250°C. The results of XRD showed that the doped films produce an amorphous carbon phase. PES was used to analyze the bonding state of dopants in the sample. B4C, BC3, and BC2O bonds formed in a-C:B, while pyridine and pyrrolic formed in a-C:N.

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Machado, M., T. Kar, and P. Piquini. "The influence of the stacking orientation of C and BN stripes in the structure, energetics, and electronic properties of BC2N nanotubes." Nanotechnology 22, no. 20 (March 28, 2011): 205706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/22/20/205706.

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Torrens, Francisco, and Gloria Castellano. "Corrigendum to: “Solvent features of cluster single-wall C, BC2N and BN nanotubes, cones and horns” [Microelectron. Eng. 108 (2013) 127–133]." Microelectronic Engineering 112 (December 2013): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2013.06.011.

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Bassett, Mark J. "A New Allele (Vwf) at the V Locus for Flower and Seedcoat Color in Common Bean." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 122, no. 4 (July 1997): 519–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.122.4.519.

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The inheritance of flower and seedcoat color was studied using Lamprecht line M0137 (PI 527845) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as the source of a new allele, Vwf, at the V locus. The cross M0137 cres Vwf × C v BC2 5-593 (a genetic tester stock) was studied in progeny of the F1, F2, F3, and F4 generations. The observed segregation for flower and seed colors was consistent with the hypothesis that M0137 carried a new allele, Vwf, that produced (in the presence of P C J G B) white flowers and black seeds rather than the white flowers and mineral-brown seeds produced (in the presence of P C J G B) by v. The V/Vwf genotype produced cobalt-violet flowers, the same as V/v. A test cross of F3 Vwf × t BC1 5-593 bipunctata demonstrated that Vwf is not allelic with t, a gene that can produce white or colored flowers and self-colored or partly colored seeds, depending on background genotype.

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Gu, Siyong, Chien-Te Hsieh, Chih-Peng Kao, Chun-Chieh Fu, Yasser Ashraf Gandomi, Ruey-Shin Juang, and Kenneth David Kihm. "Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Glucose on Boron and Nitrogen Codoped Graphene Quantum Dot Electrodes in Alkali Media." Catalysts 11, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11010101.

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A novel solvothermal technique has been developed in the presence of C/N/B precursor for synthesizing B-N-coped graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as non-metal electrocatalysts towards the catalytic glucose oxidation reaction (GOR). Both N-doped GQD and B-N-codoped GQD particles (~4.0 nm) possess a similar oxidation and amidation level. The B-N-codoped GQD contains a B/C ratio of 3.16 at.%, where the B dopants were formed through different bonding types (i.e., N‒B, C‒B, BC2O, and BCO2) inserted into or decorated on the GQDs. The cyclic voltammetry measurement revealed that the catalytic activity of B-N-codoped GQD catalyst is significantly higher compared to the N-doped GQDs (~20% increase). It was also shown that the GOR activity was substantially enhanced due to the synergistic effect of B and N dopants within the GQD catalysts. Based on the analysis of Tafel plots, the B-N-codoped-GQD catalyst electrode displays an ultra-high exchange current density along with a reduced Tafel slope. The application of B-N-codoped GQD electrodes significantly enhances the catalytic activity and results in facile reaction kinetics towards the glucose oxidation reaction. Accordingly, the novel design of GQD catalyst demonstrated in this work sets the stage for designing inexpensive GQD-based catalysts as an alternative for precious metal catalysts commonly used in bio-sensors, fuel cells, and other electrochemical devices.

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Delannay, Isabelle Y., Jack E. Staub, and Jin Feng Chen. "Backcross Introgression of the Cucumis hystrix Genome Increases Genetic Diversity in U.S. Processing Cucumber." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 135, no. 4 (July 2010): 351–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.135.4.351.

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The genetic base of commercial cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is extremely narrow (about 3%–8% polymorphism). Wide-based crosses within C. sativus [i.e., C. sativus var. sativus × C. sativus var. hardwickii (R.) Alef.] and interspecific hybridization attempts before 1995 have not substantially increased genetic diversity for plant improvement. However, in 1995, an amphidiploid (Cucumis hytivus Chen and Kirkbride) was derived from a C. sativus × Cucumis hystrix Chakr. mating. A derivative of this amphidiploid was used herein to broaden the genetic base of cucumber through backcross introgression [(C. sativus × C. hytivus) × C. sativus]. Initially, the combining ability of eight genetically diverse lines was investigated for days to anthesis (DA), sex expression (SEX), lateral branch number (LBN), fruit per plant (FP), fruit length:diameter ratio (L:D), and salt-processing ability [i.e., processed fruit color (exterior and interior), shape, and seed cavity characteristics]. Based on the combining ability, inbred backcross lines [IBL (BC2S3)] were developed from an original gynoecious determinate line WI 7023A [C. sativus (recurrent parent)] × monoecious indeterminate line WI 7012A (C. sativus × C. hytivus derived) mating, where 30 of 392 (8%) BC1 progeny were selected based on their diversity at 16 mapped marker loci. These progeny were used to develop BC2 progeny, which were then self-pollinated without further selection to produce 94 IBL. These IBL were genotyped and evaluated in the open field in two plantings in 2008 for DA, SEX, LBN, leaf size, FP, and L:D. The genetic distance (GD) between parental lines was 0.85, and the GD among IBL ranged between 0.16 and 0.75. Multivariate analyses indicated that IBL differed from parental lines and possessed considerable morphological and genotypic diversity that could be used to broaden the genetic base of commercial U.S. processing cucumber.

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Bassett, Mark J. "A New Gene (Prpi-2) for Intensified Anthocyanin Expression (IAE) Syndrome in Common Bean and a Reconciliation of Gene Symbols Used by Early Investigators for Purple Pod and IAE Syndrome." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 130, no. 4 (July 2005): 550–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.130.4.550.

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The inheritance of intensified anthocyanin expression (IAE) in a syndrome of plant organs of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was investigated. A selection from accession line G07262, having white flowers with blue veins on the wing petals and a long, white micropyle stripe on black seedcoats, was used as the source of IAE syndrome. G07262 was crossed with three genetic tester stocks based on Florida dry bean line 5-593, which has the flower and seedcoat genotype T P [C r] Z J G B V Rk. The tester stocks were 5-593 (black seed and bishops violet flowers), t z bip bipunctata BC1 5-593 (a partly colored seedcoat), and v BC2 5-593 (mineral brown seedcoat and white flowers). Analysis of the F1 and F2 data from the test cross G07262 × t z bip bipunctata BC1 5-593 demonstrated that 1) G07262 has genotype t pmic V; 2) genotype t/t prevents expression of IAE syndrome by a dominant gene (Prpi-2) carried cryptically by G07262, i.e., T/-is required for expression of the gene; and 3) Prpi-2 may (preliminary data) express blue veins on white flowers with t V. From the cross with v BC2 5-593, an F4 selection for white flowers with red banner back and mineral brown seedcoats (due to v) was made. When the F4 selection was crossed with 5-593, analysis of the F2 progeny demonstrated that G07262 carries a dominant gene for IAE syndrome, which expresses with V/- but not with v/v. From the test cross 5-593 × G07262, a series of additional cycles of selection and test crosses (including the dark red kidney tester cu b v rkd BC1 5-593) were made, and two new two-colored seedcoat patterns were developed that have never been previously reported. In a test cross with one of them, F2 data demonstrated that the dominant gene for IAE syndrome from G07262 is independent of the C locus, and the gene symbol Prpi-2 is proposed for this IAE syndrome gene to distinguish it from the previously reported IAE syndrome gene [cu Prpi]. A gene symbol reconciliation was made for all previous work with inheritance of IAE syndrome and purple pod genes without the syndrome.

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48

Kamal, Nasrein Mohamed, Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi, Hanan Abdeltwab, Ishtiag Abdalla, Hisashi Tsujimoto, and Abdelbagi Mukhtar Ali Ghanim. "A New Breeding Strategy towards Introgression and Characterization of Stay-Green QTL for Drought Tolerance in Sorghum." Agriculture 11, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070598.

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Several marker-assisted selection (MAS) or backcrossing (MAB) approaches exist for polygenic trait improvement. However, the implementation of MAB remains a challenge in many breeding programs, especially in the public sector. In MAB introgression programs, which usually do not include phenotypic selection, undesired donor traits may unexpectedly turn up regardless of how expensive and theoretically powerful a backcross scheme may be. Therefore, combining genotyping and phenotyping during selection will improve understanding of QTL interactions with the environment, especially for minor alleles that maximize the phenotypic expression of the traits. Here, we describe the introgression of stay-green QTL (Stg1–Stg4) from B35 into two sorghum backgrounds through an MAB that combines genotypic and phenotypic (C-MAB) selection during early backcross cycles. The background selection step is excluded. Since it is necessary to decrease further the cost associated with molecular marker assays, the costs of C-MAB were estimated. Lines with stay-green trait and good performance were identified at an early backcross generation, backcross two (BC2). Developed BC2F4 lines were evaluated under irrigated and drought as well as three rainfed environments varied in drought timing and severity. Under drought conditions, the mean grain yield of the most C-MAB-introgression lines was consistently higher than that of the recurrent parents. This study is one of the real applications of the successful use of C-MAB for the development of drought-tolerant sorghum lines for drought-prone areas.

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Uccelli, A., J. R. Oksenberg, M. C. Jeong, C. P. Genain, T. Rombos, E. E. Jaeger, D. Giunti, J. S. Lanchbury, and S. L. Hauser. "Characterization of the TCRB chain repertoire in the New World monkey Callithrix jacchus." Journal of Immunology 158, no. 3 (February 1, 1997): 1201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.158.3.1201.

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Abstract Callithrix jacchus is an outbred New World primate characterized by a naturally occurring bone marrow chimerism, restricted polymorphism at many MHC loci, and unusual susceptibility to viral pathogens, adenocarcinoma, colitis, and, following immunization with myelin antigens, a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system closely resembling human multiple sclerosis. Here we characterize the TCRB repertoire in this species, representing the first such analysis in a New World monkey. Two TCRBC, 13 BJ, 2 BD, and 15 BV genes were identified. Overall, a high degree of similarity with human TCRBV-D-J-C gene sequences was observed, indicating a close phylogenetic relationship. Biased usage in favor of genes from the TCRBC1-BJ1 cluster was present in 77% of sequences, in contrast to preferential usage of BC2-BJ2 genes known to occur in humans and mice. Complementarity-determining region 3 averaged 10 amino acids in length and were diverse. Framework regions of TCRBV genes were extensively conserved. Phylogenetic analysis of TCRBV sequences from different species indicated that TCR genes are highly stable across primates. Thus, a diverse TCRB repertoire is generated in C. jacchus despite the limited polymorphism of class I MHC loci. Extensive homology to human TCR genes, natural chimerism, and susceptibility to inflammatory disorders are characteristics of C. jacchus that create a useful model system for the study of human autoimmunity.

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Kaltsikes, P. J., and P. J. Bebeli. "GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE TOMATO POLLEN BEHAVIOUR IN VITRO UNDER LOW TEMPERATURES." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 584c—584. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.584c.

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The genetics of the ability of tomato pollen to germinate and grow in vitro under low temperature was investigated in two crosses namely “Resista” × “Hilda” and “Resista” × “Monita”. In each cross the following generations were utilised: F1, F2, BC1 and BC2, and their reciprocals, along with the parents. Pollen was placed on microscope slides having cavities filled with a liquid nutrient medium (water, 10% sucrose and 50 ppm boric acid) and allowed to germinate and grow for six hours at 15° C and then killed with acetocarmine. Germination rates and pollen tube length were determined and analyses on a genetic model allowing only for additive and dominance gene effects. For pollen germination rate both additive and dominance gene effects were significant while for tube length only the additive effects were. Dominance was towards lower rates of germination. At least three genes control pollen germination rates while seven or more are involved in pollen tube length determination.

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Journal articles on the topic 'BC2L-C'

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