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Suleiman, Joseph Bagi, Mahaneem Mohamed, Ainul Bahiyah Abu Bakar, Victor Udo Nna, Zaida Zakaria, Zaidatul Akmal Othman, and Abdulqudus Bola Aroyehun. "Chemical Profile, Antioxidant Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Malaysian Heterotrigona itama Bee Bread." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 15, 2021): 4943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164943.
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The aim of the study was to determine the chemical profile, antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activities of Heterotrigona itama bee bread from Malaysia. The pH, presence of phytochemicals, antioxidant properties, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), as well as antimicrobial activities, were assessed. Results revealed a decrease in the pH of bee bread water extract (BBW) relative to bee bread ethanolic extract (BBE) and bee bread hot water extract (BBH). Further, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, resins, glycosides and xanthoproteins were detected in BBW, BBH and BBE. Also, significant decreases in TPC, TFC, DPPH activity and FRAP were detected in BBW relative to BBH and BBE. We detected phenolic acids such as gallic acid, caffeic acid, trans-ferulic acid, trans 3-hydroxycinnamic acid and 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, and flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin and mangiferin in BBE using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The strongest antimicrobial activity was observed in Klebsilla pneumonia (MIC50 1.914 µg/mL), followed by E. coli (MIC50 1.923 µg/mL), Shigella (MIC50 1.813 µg/mL) and Salmonella typhi (MIC50 1.617 µg/mL). Bee bread samples possess antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Bee bread contains phenolic acids and flavonoids, and could be beneficial in the management and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Nelson, Geoffrey, Julian Hasford, Carlos Luis Zatarain, Alexis Gilmer, S. Kathleen Worton, Marwa Eid, Salma Bangash, and Jeremy Horne. "Waterloo Better Beginnings as a Transformative Prevention Project: Impacts on Children, Parents, and the Community." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 3442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103442.
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Better Beginnings Waterloo (BBW) is an ecological, community-driven, prevention program for children aged 4–8 and their families. BBW was implemented in two low-income communities with high percentages of visible minorities. Data on Grade 1–2 children and their parents (the baseline comparison group) were gathered through parent interviews (n = 34) and teacher reports (n = 68) in 2015, prior to BBW programs, and in the period 2018–2019, the same data were collected through parent interviews (n = 47) and teacher reports (n = 46) for children and parents participating in programs (the BBW group). As well, qualitative, open-ended individual interviews with parents (n = 47) and two focus groups were conducted in the period 2018–2019. Children in the BBW cohort were rated by their teachers as having a significantly lower level of emotional and behavioural problems than those in the baseline sample; parents in the BBW cohort had significantly higher levels of social support than parents in the baseline cohort; BBW parents rated their communities significantly more positively than parents at baseline. The qualitative data confirmed these findings. The quantitative and qualitative short-term findings from the BBW research showed similar positive impacts to previous research on program effectiveness, thus demonstrating that the Better Beginnings model can be successfully transferred to new communities.
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Schrank, Magdalena, Antonio Mollo, Barbara Contiero, and Stefano Romagnoli. "Bodyweight at Birth and Growth Rate during the Neonatal Period in Three Canine Breeds." Animals 10, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010008.
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Weight at birth (bBW) and early weight gain have been linked to the risk of neonatal mortality. Pups are described to be of low bBW if weighing less than one standard deviation (SD) below the mean. Most studies classified breeds according to their expected adult bodyweight. Our aim was to evaluate the breed specificity of these parameters. We assessed the bBW of 213 puppies of Bernese Mountain Dog (BMD), Tibetan Terrier (TT), and Lhasa Apso (LA) breeds, as well as the neonatal growth rate of 133 puppies of BMD and TT. BMD puppies were born relatively smaller than puppies of TT and LA (p ≤ 0.0001) and gained less weight than TT puppies during the first 14 days (p ≤ 0.05). Litter size had a significant impact on bBW and daily gain until the onset of the third week for BMD (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0005, respectively) and TT (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.0064, respectively). When using bBW means and SD specifically assessed according to breed, 29 out of the 213 neonates of our study were judged as being of low bBW, whereas, when using the classical criteria (based on breed groups), the number of low bBW pups was 160 of 213. These results suggest that evaluations of bBW and neonatal growth should be performed in a breed-specific manner.
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Gong, Xiaoxiang, Weiguo Ge, Juan Yan, Yiwei Zhang, and Xiangyu Gongye. "Review on the Development, Control Method and Application Prospect of Brake-by-Wire Actuator." Actuators 9, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act9010015.
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This paper reviews and summarizes the development, key technologies, and application of brake-by-wire (BBW) actuators. BBW is the technology orientation of future vehicle brake system. The main feature of BBW is to replace some of the mechanical and hydraulic components of traditional brake system with electronic control components, and use cables and wires to transmit energy and signals. BBW actuators have outstanding advantages, such as fast response, accurate control, and compact structure. They are easy to integrate with active safety functions and they are easily matched with the regenerative braking systems of electric vehicle. First, this paper summarizes the classification, characteristics, performance, and architecture of BBW actuators. Subsequently, the braking process regulation of vehicle is considered to be the main target, which is summarized from two aspects of actuator regulation and braking force distribution. The state estimation algorithm and control algorithm applied to these actuators are summarized and analyzed, and the development trend, challenges, and schemes of the braking force distribution are proposed. The development and research trend of braking force match strategies between the regenerative brake system and BBW system are also analyzed and summarized. The further electrification and intelligence of vehicle demand BBW’s braking force control method and distribution method must have higher control accuracy, stronger robustness, and wider adaptability, and the effects on braking comfort and handling stability must be further discussed.
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Amiri, Mohammad Javad, Mehdi Bahrami, and Farideh Dehkhodaie. "Optimization of Hg(II) adsorption on bio-apatite based materials using CCD-RSM design: characterization and mechanism studies." Journal of Water and Health 17, no. 4 (April 19, 2019): 556–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2019.039.
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Abstract Bio-apatite based materials were prepared from bovine bone wastes (BBW) by thermal treatments using a direct flame (BBS) and annealing at 500–1,100 °C (BB500–BB1100). These low-crystalline materials were characterized by means of SEM, XRD, FTIR, TG, and pHPZC and were used for the adsorption of Hg(II) ions. A CCD-RSM design was used to optimize and analyze independent variables consisting of initial mercury concentration (10–100 mg L−1), pH (2–9), adsorbent mass (0.1–0.5 g), temperature (20–60 °C), and contact time (15–120 min). The results indicated that the order of the mercury uptakes for bio-apatite based adsorbents was BB500 > BB600 > BB800 > BB1100 > BBS > BBW. The dissolution–precipitation and ion-exchange reaction are the two dominant mechanisms for the removal of Hg(II) ions at low and high pH values, respectively. The CCD-RSM predicted maximum mercury adsorption of 99.99% under the optimal conditions of 51.31 mg L−1, 0.44 g, 6.5, 67.5 min, and 50 °C for initial mercury concentration, adsorbent mass, pH, contact time, and temperature, respectively. The findings of the present study revealed that the bio-apatite based materials, particularly BB500, are suitable and versatile adsorbents for the treatment of mercury-containing wastewater.
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Gyulbudahgian, A. L., and J. May. "Star-forming region BBW 36 in puppis." Astrophysics 51, no. 3 (July 2008): 394–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10511-008-9025-5.
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Rastorguev, Alexey S., Andrey K. Dambis, Marina V. Zabolotskikh, Leonid N. Berdnikov, and Natalia A. Gorynya. "The Baade–Becker–Wesselink technique and the fundamental astrophysical parameters of Cepheids." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S289 (August 2012): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312021382.
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AbstractThe Baade–Becker–Wesselink (BBW) method remains one of most often used tools to derive a full set of Cepheid astrophysical parameters. The surface brightness version of the BBW technique was preferentially used during the past few decades to calculate Cepheid radii and to improve period–luminosity–colour relations. Its implementation requires a priori knowledge of Cepheid reddening values. We propose a new version of the BBW technique, which allows one to independently determine the colour excess and the intrinsic colour of a radially pulsating star, in addition to its radius, luminosity and distance. The new technique is a generalization of the Balona light curve-modelling approach. The method also allows calibration of the function F(CI0) = BC(CI0) + 10 log [Teff (CI0)] for the class of pulsating stars considered. We apply this technique to a number of classical Cepheids with very accurate light and radial-velocity curves. The new technique can also be applied to other pulsating variables, e.g., RR Lyrae stars. We also discuss the possible dependence of the projection factor on the pulsation phase.
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Retee, NN, MMH Mondal, AI Omar, K. Periasamy, JF Garcia, DR Notter, and MO Faruque. "Resistance of Black Bengal goat to Haemonchus contortus." Progressive Agriculture 30, no. 1 (July 17, 2019): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v30i1.42209.
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Artificial challenge trial and field trial were carried out in two populations of Black Bengal goat in Bangladesh to evaluate the resistance to Haemonchus Contortus-a major gastrointestinal nematode in goat. Artificial challenge trial revealed that there was no difference in susceptibility of H. contortus in Black Bengal goat of hilly region (BBH) and Black Bengal goat of western region (BBW). In absence of parasitic infection, growth rate of kids of both populations were almost equal. Field trial was conducted with kids of BBW population to find out the within breed variation. Numerically, there was variation among the individuals for parasitic load however the results were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). At individual level, the parasite load ranged from 100 to 400 eggs per gram (epg). The location of villages, age and sex of kids did not influence on the parasitic load of kids. There was no interaction for location, age and sex for body weight at day 8. The Packed Cell Volume and Hemoglobin values differed significantly (p < 0.01) due to age of kids at day 8 and 28 after deworming. The results indicate that Black Bengal goat can be considered as resilience to H. contortus.
Progressive Agriculture 30 (1): 55-64, 2019
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Reipurth, Bo, Lee Hartmann, Scott J. Kenyon, Alain Smette, and Patrice Bouchet. "Evolution of the Fu Orionis Object BBW 76." Astronomical Journal 124, no. 4 (October 2002): 2194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/342740.
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Grantcharov, Dimitar, Nikolay Grantcharov, Daniel K. Nakano, and Jerry Wu. "On BBW parabolics for simple classical Lie superalgebras." Advances in Mathematics 381 (April 2021): 107647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2021.107647.
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Stafkey-Mailey, Dana, Mike Dickson, LeAnn B. Norris, and Charles L. Bennett. "Changes in the use of eythropoetin-stimulating agents (ESAs) in cancer patients: Before and after FDA safety advisories." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 9143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.9143.
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9143 Background: Benefits of ESAs in the treatment of cancer-induced anemia have been well documented, most importantly reducing the likelihood of patients needing red blood cell transfusions. However, in early 2007, the FDA issued a series of cautions and Black Box Warning (BBW), that ESAs may enhance tumor progression, increase likelihood of a VTE and decrease patient survival. The objective of this study is to elucidate population patterns and trends in ESA use for cancer patients pre- and post- the BBW and examine their associated outcomes. Methods: Data for this analysis was derived from South Carolina Medicaid claims. Patients with a diagnosis of Lung Cancer (162.x), Breast Cancer (174.x) or Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (200.x or 202.x) receiving chemotherapy between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 2010 were eligible for inclusion. The main outcome measures were ESA utilization, blood transfusion, and venous thromboembolism. The percentage of patients experiencing these outcomes were plotted over time to allow for visual examination of changes due to the BBW. In addition, we used multivariable logistic regression models to analyze each of the associated outcomes with clinical and demographic variables. Results: Among the 9,280 patients with one of the study cancers, an average of 25.4% received an ESA. The proportion of patients receiving an ESA increased from 6.2% in 1994 to a high of 47.1% in 2005 at which time utilization began to decline. In 2010, only 7.8% of these patients received an ESA. Use was associated with older age, female sex, and receipt of radiation therapy. The rate of blood transfusion varied sporadically throughout the study period from 5.2% (2008) to 11.7% (1994) (p<0.0001). Venous thromboembolisms developed in 12.3% and 8.5% of patients receiving and not receiving an ESA, respectively (OR= 1.31;p<0.001). Conclusions: As the FDA advisory cautioned, we find an increased risk of venous thromboembolisms associated with ESA use. In contrast to our a priori beliefs initial decline in utilization of ESAs began, in 2005, prior to the BBW and was likely due to changes in reimbursement rates. However, the BBW resulted in the largest decline in ESA use, 19.1 percentage points, between 2007 and 2008.
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Graffeo, Federica, Silvio Vaschetto, Alessio Miotto, Fabio Carbone, Alberto Tenconi, and Andrea Cavagnino. "Lumped-Parameters Thermal Network of PM Synchronous Machines for Automotive Brake-by-Wire Systems." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 5652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185652.
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Thermal analysis represents a key factor in electrical machine design due to the impact of temperature increase on insulation lifetime. In this context, there has been a wide investigation on thermal modeling, particularly for machines used in harsh working conditions. In this perspective, brake-by-wire (BBW) systems represent one of the most challenging applications for electrical machines used for automotive smart actuators. Indeed, electro-actuated braking systems are required to repeatedly operate the electric machine in high overload conditions in order to limit the actuator response time, as well as to enhance gravimetric and volumetric specific performance indexes. Moreover, BBW systems often impose unconventional supply conditions to the electric machine, consisting of dc currents in three-phase windings to keep the rotor fixed during the braking intervals. However, a dc supply leads to uneven temperature distributions in the machine, and simplified thermal models may not accurately represent the temperature variations for the different machine parts. Considering such unconventional supply conditions, this paper initially investigates the applicability of a conventional lumped-parameters thermal network (LPTN) based on symmetry assumptions for the heat paths and suitable for surface-mounted PM synchronous machines used in BBW systems. An extensive test campaign consisting of pulses and load cycle tests representative of the real machine operations was conducted on a prototype equipped with several temperature sensors. The comparison between measurements and predicted average temperatures, together with insights on the unbalanced heat distribution under the dc supply obtained by means of finite element analyses (FEA), paved the way for the proposal of a phase-split LPTN with optimized parameters. The paper also includes a critical analysis of the optimized parameters, proposing a simplified, phase-split lumped-parameters thermal model suitable to predict the temperature variations in the different machine parts for PM synchronous electric machines used in BBW systems.
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Hester, Helen. "Echoing flesh: The ‘voluminous body’ in heterosexual hard core." Sexualities 19, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 945–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460716640732.
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This article examines the representation of fatness in heterosexual hard-core pornography whilst exploring both the usefulness and potential limitations of applying Jean François Lyotard’s ideas about the ‘voluminous body’ to this topic. The article reflects critically upon the supposedly transgressive potential of the fat cis female body in adult entertainment and, using examples from BBW (Big Beautiful Women) pornography, reflects upon the ways in which the fat female form can generate a distinctive aesthetic vocabulary for the screening of sexual sensation – a vocabulary that lends itself to the representation of (supposedly) allusive non-phallic affects. Ultimately, however, the article expresses scepticism about the subversive possibilities of much BBW pornography, and urges against any reading of this material that positions it as inherently radical, disruptive, or queer.
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Stumpf, H. "Quantum Numbers of Eigenstates of Generalized de Broglie-Bargmann- Wigner Equations for Fermions with Partonic Substructure." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 58, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2003-0101.
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Generalized de Broglie-Bargmann-Wigner (BBW) equations are relativistically invariant quantum mechanical many body equations with nontrivial interaction, selfregularization and probability interpretation. Owing to these properties these equations are a suitable means for describing relativistic bound states of fermions. In accordance with de Broglie’s fusion theory and modern assumptions about the partonic substructure of elementary fermions, i.e., leptons and quarks, the three-body generalized BBW-equations are investigated. The transformation properties and quantum numbers of the three-parton equations under the relevant group actions are elaborated in detail. Section 3 deals with the action of the isospin group SU(2), a U(1) global gauge group for the fermion number, the hypercharge and charge generators. The resulting quantum numbers of the composite partonic systems can be adapted to those of the phenomenological particles to be described. The space-time transformations and in particular rotations generated by angular momentum operators are considered in Section 4. Based on the compatibility of the BBW-equations and the group theoretical constraints, in Sect. 5 integral equations are formulated in a representation with diagonal energy and total angular momentum variables. The paper provides new insight into the solution space and quantum labels of resulting integral equations for three parton states and prepares the ground for representing leptons and quarks as composite systems.
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Singh, Rakesh R., and Rajesh Nayak. "Impact of FDA Black Box Warning on Psychotropic Drug Use in Noninstitutionalized Elderly Patients Diagnosed With Dementia." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 29, no. 5 (July 8, 2016): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190015579451.
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Background: The study seeks to investigate the impact of Food and Drug Administration's black box warning (BBW) on the use of atypical antipsychotics (AAP) and nonantipsychotic psychotropic alternatives in noninstitutionalized elderly population diagnosed with dementia. Method: The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2004 through 2007) was utilized as the data source. Medication use in elderly patients (≥65 years) was defined as taking at least 1 medication for dementia. We performed a statistical comparison of prewarning (2004-2005) and postwarning (2006-2007) periods with respect to AAP and nonantipsychotic psychotropic use to examine the impact of labeling changes. Results: A bivariate analysis did not yield statistically significant change in either the AAP or nonantipsychotic psychotropic use, pre- versus postwarning. However, multivariate logistic-regression analyses revealed greater odds for antidementia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.976, P = .0195) and benzodiazepine (OR = 3.046, P = .0227) medication use in postwarning period compared to the prewarning period. Conclusion: The regulatory warnings and labeling changes regarding off-label use of AAPs in dementia treatment showed minimal impact on their actual use in noninstitutionalized populations. A corresponding increase in the use of nonantipsychotic psychotropics explains that BBW might have resulted in a compensatory shift in favor of benzodiazepines and antidementia medications. Additional research should be conducted to examine the long-term impact of BBW on antipsychotic prescribing changes.
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Wagner, Susanne, Lissy Rinneberg-Schmidt, Michael Fuchs, and Sylvia Meuret. "Auditive Verarbeitung und Wahrnehmung bei Jugendlichen mit Kommunikationsbeeinträchtigungen." Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 99, no. 11 (June 19, 2020): 795–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1177-1240.
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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Berufsbildungswerke (BBW) sind Einrichtungen der beruflichen Rehabilitation und Bildung, vergleichbar mit Förderschulen im schulischen Bereich. Das BBW Leipzig registriert seit einigen Jahren eine zunehmende Anzahl von Jugendlichen mit der Diagnose auditive Verarbeitungs- und Wahrnehmungsstörung (AVWS). Für diese Zielgruppe gibt es derzeit nur wenige Testverfahren mit Referenz- oder Normwerten. Ziel war die Untersuchung der auditiven Verarbeitung und Wahrnehmung von peripher hörgesunden Jugendlichen mit vorhandenem Testmaterial. Material und Methoden 35 normalhörende Jugendliche (26 männlich, 9 weiblich, im Mittel 18,1 Jahre) aus dem BBW Leipzig wurden mit folgenden Tests untersucht: dichotisches Hören, Sprachverstehen im Störgeräusch, Verstehen zeitkomprimierter Sprache, Phonem-Differenzierung und -Analyse. Zusätzlich wurden sprachfreie Intelligenz, Konzentration, figurale Merkfähigkeit und die sprachlichen Leistungen getestet. Ergebnisse 25 Jugendliche zeigten zentral-auditive Auffälligkeiten; 5 von ihnen hatten keine AVWS-Diagnose aus der Kindheit. Bei 9 der 25 Jugendlichen konnten die Auffälligkeiten nicht auf übergeordnete Störungen zurückgeführt werden. Diese Jugendlichen waren vor allem in der Wahrnehmung gesprochener Sprache sowie im Halten und Manipulieren sprachlicher Reize im Arbeitsgedächtnis eingeschränkt, obwohl die sprachlichen Fähigkeiten unauffällig waren und die Intelligenz normal bis überdurchschnittlich war. Diskussion Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Jugendliche auffällig im Sinne der AVWS-Kriterien der DGPP sein können und dass nicht zwingend schon eine AVWS-Diagnose aus der Kindheit vorliegen muss. Außerdem wurde deutlich, dass die multiprofessionelle Diagnostik wichtig bleibt. Standardisierte Testverfahren mit entsprechenden Altersnormen werden benötigt.
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Nuhardin, Irhamni. "Analisa Pengaruh Ask Content Terhadap Nilai Kalor Batubara Pada PT. Tribhakti Inspektama Samarinda." Jurnal Pendidikan dan Teknologi Indonesia 1, no. 6 (June 25, 2021): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52436/1.jpti.52.
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Seiring dengan meningkatnya harga minyak dan gas bumi maka batubara sebagai bahan bakar alternatif sangat diharapkan dapat mengantisipasi kekurangan energi dengan meningkatkan pemanfaatannya untuk keperluan domestik, bahan bakar pembangkit tenaga listrik, dan lain sebagainya. Beberapa negara memiliki sistem klasifikasi batubara secara spesifik. Klasifikasi tersebut digunakan untuk menggolongkan batubara berdasarkan pemanfaatannya. Berdasarkan standar SNI 13-6011-1999 klasifikasi batubara di indonesia dibagi menjadi dua yaitu brown Coal dan hard coal. Umumnya, untuk mengetahui kualitas batubara dilakukan analisa kimia berupa analisis proksimat atau analisis ultimat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah unuk mengetahui pengaruh kadar abu terhadap nilai kalor pada batubara. Indonesia sebelum mengekspor batubara ke negara-negara lain batubara terlebih dahulu diuji dan dianalisis untuk menentukan layak atau tidak untuk di berikan sesuai permintaan konsumenKadar abu merupakan kotoran yang tidak akan terbakar kandungannya berkisar 5%-40%. Oleh karena itu dilakukan analisis proximate untuk mengetahui pengaruh ash content. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari studi literatur, pengolahan sampel dan analisis data. Pengolahan sampel dengan cara menentukan Ash Content dan nilai kalor pada sampel batubara. Adapun cara menentukan Ash content yaitu dengan menimbang sampel batubara dengan berat tertentu kemudian dipanaskan hingga suhu 750?.dalam menentukan nilai kalor dampel batubara yang dianalisis menggunakan alat bomb calorimeter. Ash Content dan Nilai Kalor pada tujuh sampel yang di analisis yaitu sampel BB1 memiliki Ash Content 5,43 dengan nilai kalor 6007, sampel BB2 memiliki Ash Content 7,96 dengan nilai kalor 5752, sampel BB3 memiliki Ash Content 10,62 dengan nilai kalor 4780, sampel BB4 memiliki Ash Content 13,42 dengan nilai kalor 4712, sampel BB5 memiliki Ash Content 21,82 dengan nilai kalor 4154, sampel BB6 memiliki Ash Content 35.57 dengan nilai kalor 3218 dan sampel BB7 memiliki Ash Content 55,93 dengan nilai kalor 1921. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai Ash Content sangat berpengaruh terhadap nilai kalor yang dihasilkan.
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Warmbold, Jürgen. "Durch die Decke gehen." Logistik für Unternehmen 34, no. 03 (2020): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/0930-7834-2020-03-64.
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Seit der Investition in ein Stopa Compact II Blechlager für Tafeln im Großformat profitiert die BBW Lasertechnik vor allem von mehr Lagerkapazität und von einer höheren Flexibilität. Hinzu kommt die zukunftweisende Option, Blechbearbeitungsmaschinen in zwei Etagen versorgen zu können.
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Chen, Shuai, Xilong Zhang, and Jizhong Wang. "Sliding Mode Control of Vehicle Equipped with Brake-by-Wire System considering Braking Comfort." Shock and Vibration 2020 (February 25, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5602917.
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For passengers, the most common feeling during running on the bumpy road is continuous vertical discomfort, and when the vehicle is braking, especially the emergency braking, the instantaneous inertia of the vehicle can also cause a strong discomfort of the passengers, so studying the comfort of the vehicle during the braking process is of great significance for improving the performance of the vehicle. This paper presented a complete control scheme for vehicles equipped with the brake-by-wire (BBW) system aiming at ensuring braking comfort. A novel braking intention classification method was proposed based on vehicle braking comfort, which divided braking intention into mild brake, medium comfort brake, and emergency brake. Correspondingly, in order to improve the control accuracy of the vehicle brake system and to best meet the driver’s brake needs, a braking intention recognizer relying on fuzzy logic was established, which used the road condition and the brake pedal voltage and its change rate as input, output real-time driver's braking intention, and braking intensity. An optimal brake force distribution strategy for the vehicle equipped with the BBW system based on slip rate was proposed to determine the relationship between braking intensity and target slip ratio. Combined with the vehicle dynamics model, improved sliding mode controller, and brake force observer, the joint simulation was conducted in Simulink and CarSim. The cosimulation results show that the proposed braking intention classification method, braking intention recognizer, brake force distribution strategy, and sliding mode control can well ensure the braking comfort of the vehicle equipped with the BBW system under the premise of ensuring brake safety.
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Jones, Angela. "The pleasures of fetishization: BBW erotic webcam performers, empowerment, and pleasure." Fat Studies 8, no. 3 (December 10, 2018): 279–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21604851.2019.1551697.
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Anile, A. M., S. F. Liotta, G. Mascali, and S. Rinaudo. "Two Dimensional MESFET Simulation of Transients and Steady State with Kinetic Based Hydrodynamical Models." VLSI Design 13, no. 1-4 (January 1, 2001): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/81481.
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In this paper we compare the well-known and widely used hydrodynamical model of Blotekjaer-Baccarani-Worderman (BBW model) with a new hydrodynamical model recently proposed by Anile, Liotta and Mascali (ALM model). The benchmark utilized is a standard two-dimensional MESFET already employed in computational studies. Suitable numerical methods for hyperbolic systems of balance laws have been used.
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Todeschini, Fabio, Simone Formentin, Giulio Panzani, Matteo Corno, Sergio M. Savaresi, and Luca Zaccarian. "Nonlinear Pressure Control for BBW Systems via Dead-Zone and Antiwindup Compensation." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 24, no. 4 (July 2016): 1419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2015.2483562.
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Mena, Sandra Jaqueline, Luis Alberto Peña, and Ranulfo González. "CL50 y variación de la patogenicidad en aislamientos de Beauveria bassiana y Metarhizium anisopliae evaluados en poblaciones de Premnotrypes vorax." Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 4, no. 1 (September 30, 2003): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol4_num1_art:13.
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<p>Con el fin de evaluar una alternativa "ecológica" para el control de gusano blanco de la papa (<em>Premnotrypes vorax</em>), se trabajó con seis aislamientos de <em>Beauveria bassiana </em>y uno de <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em>, nativos del departamento de Nariño, Colombia. Inicialmente se estudió su patogenicidad y variabilidad en condiciones de laboratorio usando una concentración de 1x107 esporas.ml-1, observándose que todos los aislamientos fueron patogénicos para el gusano blanco. Sin embargo, se presentaron diferencias significativas entre la mortalidad causada por éstos (F7,14 = 4.64; P<0.0001) pues la mortalidad varió desde 13.3% para Bb2 hasta 96.6% para Bb5. Posteriormente, se establecieron las concentraciones letales mediante Probit - Analysis de Raymons (1985), para cada aislamiento y en dos estadios de desarrollo de <em>P. vorax </em>(larvas y adultos). Los resultados obtenidos presentaron una relación positiva concentración/mortalidad, y los X2 calculados demostraron que los datos fueron homogéneos y se ajustaron a la línea de regresión con un nivel de confianza del 95%. En ambos estadios, los aislamientos Bb4, Bb5, Bb7 y Bb8 presentaron los porcentajes de mortalidad más altos; por esto, la línea base de mortalidad pudo ser establecida con mayor confianza y las CL99 fueron las más bajas, razón por la que fueron preseleccionados para un futuro estudio en campo.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>CL50 and pathogenic power of </strong><strong><em>Beauveria bassiana </em></strong><strong>and </strong><strong><em>Metharizium anisopliae </em></strong><strong>isolates infecting </strong><strong><em>Premnotrypes vorax </em></strong><strong>populations</strong></p><p>In order to evaluate an “ecologic” alternative for the control of the white worm potato (<em>Premnotrypes vorax</em>), were studied six <em>Beauveria bassiana </em>and one of <em>Metharizium anisopliae </em>isolates, native of Nariño, Colombia.Their pathogenicity and variability were observed under laboratory conditions using a concentration of 1x107 spores.ml-1. All the biocontrol densities evaluated were pathogenic to <em>P. vorax</em>; however, there were big differences among the mortality caused by the isolates (F7,14 = 4.64; P<0.0001), they varied from 13.3% for Bb2 up to 96.6% for Bb5. Later, on lethal concentration made by Probit - Raymon’s analysis (1985), was established for each isolate in two development phases of <em>P. vorax </em>(larve and adults).The results presented a positive relation concentration/mortality and the calculated X2 proved that the data were homogeneous and adjusted to the linear regression with a 95% level of confidence. The higher mortality percentage was found in the two phases of the isolates Bb4, Bb5, Bb7 and Bb8, for that, there was security to establish the mortality base line; on the other hand, the CL99 where smaller, reason why they were pre selected for a future field study.</p>
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ÓVILO, C., A. FERNÁNDEZ, J. L. NOGUERA, C. BARRAGÁN, R. LETÓN, C. RODRÍGUEZ, A. MERCADÉ, et al. "Fine mapping of porcine chromosome 6 QTL and LEPR effects on body composition in multiple generations of an Iberian by Landrace intercross." Genetical Research 85, no. 1 (February 2005): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672305007330.
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The leptin receptor gene (LEPR) is a candidate for traits related to growth and body composition, and is located on SSC6 in a region where fatness and meat composition quantitative trait loci (QTL) have previously been detected in several F2 experimental designs. The aims of this work were: (i) to fine map these QTL on a larger sample of animals and generations (F3 and backcross) of an Iberian×Landrace intercross and (ii) to examine the effects of LEPR alleles on body composition traits. Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected by sequencing LEPR coding regions in Iberian and Landrace pig samples. Three missense polymorphisms were genotyped by pyrosequencing in 33 F0, 70 F1, 418 F2, 86 F3 and 128 individuals coming from the backcross of four F2 males with 24 Landrace females. Thirteen microsatellites and one SNP were also genotyped. Traits analysed were: backfat thickness at different locations (BFT), intramuscular fat percentage (IMFP), eye muscle area (EMA), loin depth (LOD), weight of shoulder (SHW), weight of ribs (RIBW) and weight of belly bacon (BBW). Different statistical models were applied in order to evaluate the number and effects of QTL on chromosome 6 and the possible causality of the LEPR gene variants with respect to the QTL. The results support the presence of two QTL on SSC6. One, at position 60–100 cM, affects BFT and RIBW. The other and more significant maps in a narrow region (130–132 cM) and affects BFT, IMFP, EMA, LOD, SHW, RIBW and BBW. Results also support the association between LEPR alleles and BFT traits. The possible functional implications of the analysed polymorphisms are considered.
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Kabel, P. J., H. A. M. Voorbij, R. D. van der Gaag, W. M. Wiersinga, M. de Haan, and H. A. Drexhage. "Dendritic cells in autoimmune thyroid disease." Acta Endocrinologica 116, no. 1_Suppl (August 1987): S42—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.114s042.
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Abstract. Dendritic cells form a morphologically distinct class of cells characterized by shape, reniform nucleus, absent to weak acid-phosphatase activity and strong Class II MHC determinant positivity. Functionally they are the most efficient cells in antigen presentation to T-lymphocytes which indicates their role in the initiation of an immune response. Using immunehistochemical techniques we studied the presence of dendritic cells in normal Wistar rat and human thyroids, in thyroids of BBW rats developing thyroid autoimmunity and in Graves' goitres. Dendritic cells could be identified in all thyroids studied and were positioned underneath the thyrocytes in between the follicles. Skin dendritic cells travel via lymphatics to draining lymph nodes, thus forming an antigen presenting cell system. It is likely that a similar cell system exists on the level of the thyroid for dendritic cells have also been detected in thyroid draining lymph nodes. In normal thyroid tissue of both human and rat dendritic cells were relatively scarce. During the initial phases of the thyroid autoimmune response in the BBW rat (before the appearance of Tg-antibodies in the circulation) numbers of thyroid dendritic cells increased. Intrathyroidal T-helper cells, B-cells or plasma cells could not be found. The thyroid draining lymph node contained large numbers of plasma cells. During the later stages of the thyroid autoimmune response in the BB/W rat (after the appearance of Tg-antibodies in the circulation) and in Graves' goitres dendritic cells were not only present in high number, but 20–30% were seen in contact with now-present intrathyroidal T-helper lymphocytes. The so-formed lymphoid cell aggregates were predominantly small (< 10 cells), but very large aggregates could also be detected. These large accumulations were highly organized and composed of T-cell zones, B-cell zones and numerous plasma cells. Such accumulations are reminiscent of secondary lymphoid organs. In view of these morphological data it is conceivable that thyroid dendritic cells are of prime importance in the presentation of autoantigen in thyroid autoimmune disease. Throughout the process of autosensitization in the BB/W rat thyroid epithelial cells stayed negative for Class II MHC determinants. This shows that Class II expression on thyrocytes is not prerequisite for thyroid autoimmunity to develop.
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Reipurth, Bo. "Fu Orionis eruptions and early stellar evolution." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 137 (1990): 229–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900187789.
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The FU Orionis phenomenon has attracted increasing attention in recent years, and is now accepted as a crucial element in the early evolution of low mass stars. The general characteristics of FUors are outlined and individual members of the class are discussed. The discovery of a new FUor, BBW 76, is presented, together with a discussion of photometric and spectroscopic observations of the star. The evidence for circumstellar disks around T Tauri stars is briefly outlined, and the FUor phenomenon is discussed in the context of a disk accretion model. A large increase in the accretion rate through a circumstellar disk makes the disk self-luminous with a luminosity two or more orders larger than that of the star. Massive cool winds rise from FUors, and it is conceivable that they are related to the initiation of Herbig-Haro flows. The FUor phenomenon appears to be repetitive, and newborn low-mass stars may be cycling between the FUor state and the T Tauri state.
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Zibaee, A., and D. Malagoli. "Immune response of Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae to different entomopathogenic fungi." Bulletin of Entomological Research 104, no. 2 (January 9, 2014): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485313000588.
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AbstractThe current study reports mortality and effects on cellular immune response of several entomopathogenic fungi including isoleates BB1, BB2 and BB3 of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Isaria fumosoroseus and Lecanicilium lecanii against larvae of Chilo suppressalis. Prohemocytes, granulocytes, plasmatocytes and oenocytoids were identified as the main circulating hemocytes in the hemolymph of larvae using Giemsa staining solution. Entomopathogenic fungi caused differential mortality on larvae: BB1, BB3, M. anisopliae lead to the highest mortality on larvae and L. lecanii caused the lowest mortality. The highest numbers of total hemocytes were observed 3 h post-injection of B. bassiana isolates and 6 h for the other treatments. The highest numbers of plasmatocytes were observed 3 h post-injection of BB1 and Tween 80, whereas BB2, BB3, M. anisopliae, I.fumosoroseus and L. lecani caused plasmatocyte increase 6 h post-injection. Similar results were obtained in case of granulocytes but only Tween 80 showed the highest number of hemocytes 3 h post-injection. The highest numbers of nodules were found at various time intervals after injection of fungal isolates and latex bead. The highest activities of phenoloxidase were observed 12 h post-injection by BbB1, BbB3, M. anisopliae and latex bead; 3–6 h post-injection by BbB2, 6 h post-injection by I. fumosoroseus and 3–6 h post-injection by L. lecanii. Our data demonstrate the possibility of utilizing different fungal extracts in the field to help reduce the risk of resistance evolution in C. suppressalis and encourage experimentations aimed to increase the number of biological control agent for insect pests such as the striped rice stem borer C. suppressalis.
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Rasaeifar, Bahareh, Patricia Gomez-Gutierrez, and Juan J. Perez. "New Insights into the Stereochemical Requirements of the Bombesin BB1 Receptor Antagonists Binding." Pharmaceuticals 13, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph13080197.
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Members of the family of bombesinlike peptides exert a wide range of biological activities both at the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues through at least three G-Protein Coupled Receptors: BB1, BB2 and BB3. Despite the number of peptide ligands already described, only a few small molecule binders have been disclosed so far, hampering a deeper understanding of their pharmacology. In order to have a deeper understanding of the stereochemical features characterizing binding to the BB1 receptor, we performed the molecular modeling study consisting of the construction of a 3D model of the receptor by homology modeling followed by a docking study of the peptoids PD168368 and PD176252 onto it. Analysis of the complexes permitted us to propose prospective bound conformations of the compounds, consistent with the experimental information available. Subsequently, we defined a pharmacophore describing minimal stereochemical requirements for binding to the BB1 receptor that was used in silico screening. This exercise yielded a set of small molecules that were purchased and tested, showing affinity to the BB1 but not to the BB2 receptor. These molecules exhibit scaffolds of diverse chemical families that can be used as a starting point for the development of novel BB1 antagonists.
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Heydrich, Marius, Vincenzo Ricciardi, Valentin Ivanov, Matteo Mazzoni, Alessandro Rossi, Jože Buh, and Klaus Augsburg. "Integrated Braking Control for Electric Vehicles with In-Wheel Propulsion and Fully Decoupled Brake-by-Wire System." Vehicles 3, no. 2 (March 25, 2021): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles3020009.
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This paper introduces a case study on the potential of new mechatronic chassis systems for battery electric vehicles, in this case a brake-by-wire (BBW) system and in-wheel propulsion on the rear axle combined with an integrated chassis control providing common safety features like anti-lock braking system (ABS), and enhanced functionalities, like torque blending. The presented controller was intended to also show the potential of continuous control strategies with regard to active safety, vehicle stability and driving comfort. Therefore, an integral sliding mode (ISM) and proportional integral (PI) control were used for wheel slip control (WSC) and benchmarked against each other and against classical used rule-based approach. The controller was realized in MatLab/Simulink and tested under real-time conditions in IPG CarMaker simulation environment for experimentally validated models of the target vehicle and its systems. The controller also contains robust observers for estimation of non-measurable vehicle states and parameters e.g., vehicle mass or road grade, which can have a significant influence on control performance and vehicle safety.
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Davoodi, H., and M. Noori. "Extension of an Itô-based general approximation technique for random vibration of a BBW general hysteris model part II: Non-Gaussian analysis." Journal of Sound and Vibration 140, no. 2 (July 1990): 319–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-460x(90)90531-4.
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Gionta, AdrienneRose. "Just a BBW Living that Tiny Luxury Lyfe | Pop of Culture: Edition 1 a preview in images of a new project in progress." Fat Studies 9, no. 3 (August 9, 2019): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21604851.2019.1644597.
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Carlyle, T. "TC TO BERNARD BOLINGBROKE WOODWARD." Carlyle Letters Online 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/lt-18530127-tc-bbw-01.
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Afria, Rengki Afria, Julisah Izar, Ike Selviana Prawolo, and Baldi Arezky. "RELASI BAHASA MELAYU RIAU, BUGIS, DAN BANJAR: KAJIAN LINGUISTIK HISTORIS KOMPARATIF." MEDAN MAKNA: Jurnal Ilmu Kebahasaan dan Kesastraan 18, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/mm.v18i1.2330.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekerabatan bahasa Melayu Riau, Bugis, dan Banjar: Kajian Linguistik Historis Komparatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode komparatif, leksikostatistik, dan glotokronologi.Berdasarkan analisis komparatif terdapat 16 data yang identik (kognat), 25 data korespondensi fonemis, dan 36 data korespondesi fonetis. Hasil perhitungan leksikostatistik didapatkan persentase kekerabatan Bahasa Melayu Riau (BMR) dan Bahasa Bugis (BBu) 32%, BBu dan bahasa Banjar (BBa) 30%, serta BMR dan BBa 83%. Dari perhitungan tersebut ditentukan status kebahasaan bahwa BMR dan BBa diklasifikasikan bahasa dari subkeluarga, sedangkan BBu diklasifikasikan sebagai bahasa. Hasil glotokronologi menunjukkan bahwa waktu pisah antara bahasa Melayu Riau (BMR) dan bahasa Bugis (BBu) adalah 699 tahun yang lalu (25-50 abad), BBu dan bahasa Banjar (BBa) adalah 852 tahun yang lalu (25-50 abad), dan BMR dan BBa adalah 1975 tahun yang lalu (0-5 abad). Hasil komparatif dan glotokronologi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa bahasa Melayu Riau (BMR), bahasa Bugis (BBu), dan bahasa Banjar adalah berkerabat.
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Yang, Qi, Glenn Benoy, Zhengyong Zhao, Thien Lien Chow, Charles P. A. Bourque, and Fan-Rui Meng. "Watershed-level analysis of exceedance frequencies for different management strategies." Water Quality Research Journal 46, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2011.020.
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Exceedance of water-quality standards is important in assessing water quality. The effectiveness of soil conservation Beneficial Management Practices (BMPs) should be measured according to the BMPs' impact on exceedance frequencies. However, estimating exceedance frequencies for different management scenarios with field measurements is practically impossible due to difficulties in obtaining adequate data for analysing different combinations of BMPs. The objective of this modeling research was to analyse exceedance frequencies for different management strategies applied in the Black Brook Watershed (BBW). Daily concentrations of total suspended sediments (TSS) and soluble phosphorous (sol-P) were predicted with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and assessed against water-quality standards from the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) and National Agri-Environmental Standards Initiative-Ideal Performance Standards (NAESI-IPS). The investigated BMPs included conservation tillage, reduced fertilizer application, crop rotation, flow diversion terraces (FDT) and the combination of all four BMPs. The results indicated that FDT was the most effective at reducing exceedance frequencies of TSS and sol-P. Under the different management scenarios, we calculated the annual exceedance frequencies of TSS and sol-P concentrations above the CCME (20–45% and 10–26%) and NAESI-IPS (32–55% and 20–38%).
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Colls, Rachel. "Big Girls Having Fun: Reflections on a ‘fat accepting space’." Somatechnics 2, no. 1 (March 2012): 18–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/soma.2012.0036.
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Recent work in Fat Studies has begun to develop academic, artistic, online and real-life narratives, events and activist interventions that provide challenges and alternatives to dominant and harmful understandings of the fat body and fatness more generally. Implicit within this body of work and associated activities is a discursive, political and practical manoeuvre to re-figure ‘the fat subject’ which in some instances involves the creation of ‘fat accepting spaces’. Such spaces aim to facilitate the acceptance of fat bodies and fatness and in some cases the celebration of fat bodies by acknowledging their rights, experiences and desires. This article critically interrogates one such ‘fat accepting space’ by drawing on qualitative fieldwork carried out at a nightclub event for Big Beautiful Women (BBW) and Big Handsome Men (BHM) and their admirers (FA or fat admirers) called LargeLife. The article will explore the ambiguities and tensions of fat accepting and acceptance through considering examples of ‘feeling and facilitating acceptance’, ‘dancing’ and ‘admiring’. These examples will draw attention to the temporal and spatial contingency of fat acceptance in the club, the presence of different fat subjectivities, including those with bodies with or are planning to have gastric bands and the role of fat (male) admirers in determining which bodies are or are not ‘accepted’.
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Lee, Jonghyup, and Seibum Choi. "Braking Control for Improving Ride Comfort." MATEC Web of Conferences 166 (2018): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816602002.
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While many vehicle control systems focus on vehicle safety and vehicle performance at high speeds, most driving conditions are very low risk situations. In such a driving situation, the ride comfort of the vehicle is the most important performance index of the vehicle. Electro mechanical brake (EMB) and other brake-by-wire (BBW) systems have been actively researched. As a result, braking actuators in vehicles are more freely controllable, and research on improving ride comfort is also possible. In this study, we develop a control algorithm that dramatically improves ride comfort in low risk braking situations. A method for minimizing the inconvenience of a passenger due to a suddenly changing acceleration at the moment when the vehicle is stopped is presented. For this purpose, an acceleration trajectory is generated that minimizes the discomfort index defined by the change in acceleration, jerk. A controller is also designed to track this trajectory. The algorithm that updates the trajectory is designed considering the error due to the phase lag occurring in the controller and the plant. In order to verify the performance of this controller, simulation verification is completed using a car simulator, Carsim. As a result, it is confirmed that the ride comfort is dramatically improved.
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Field, Catherine J., Guoyao Wu, and Errol B. Marliss. "Enhanced metabolism of glucose and glutamine in mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes from spontaneously diabetic BB rats." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y94-117.
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Increased energy substrate metabolism accompanies the functional activation of extrathymic immunocytes in the autoimmune BB diabetic rat, but the specific cells responsible have not been identified. To determine the possible contribution of lymphocytes to the elevated metabolism of glucose and glutamine, mesenteric lymph node cells were selected because they contain few macrophages or natural killer (NK) cells. Results from diabetic (BBd, n = 7) and non-diabetes-prone (BBn, n = 7) rats were compared with those from streptozotocin-induced diabetic (STZ-BBn, n = 6) rats. In BBd cells, all measured metabolites of glutamine (CO2, glutamate, aspartate, and NH3) in the presence of 5 mM glucose were elevated (1.5- to 2.5-fold) compared with BBn. In contrast, the only product of glucose metabolism (in the presence of 2 mM glutamine) that was increased was pyruvate (1.6-fold). All measured products of glucose metabolism were significantly lower in cells from STZ-BBn than from BBn rats. Products from glutamine did not differ. Calculated potential ATP production was greater (p < 0.05) in BBd than in BBn and STZ-BBn cells (86 ± 5 vs. 65 ± 2 and 53 ± 5 nmol∙2 h−1∙10−6 cells, respectively). However, in BBn and STZ-BBn rats, about three quarters of the cells were T (CD5+) cells and one quarter were B (MARK-1+) cells, whereas in BBd three quarters of the cells were MARK-1+. Therefore, to distinguish the role of T- versus B-cells, enriched T-lymphocyte (CD5+) preparations were studied: glutamate (5.3-fold) and NH3 (4.2-fold) production from glutamine and lactate (1.7-fold) production from glucose were greater (p < 0.05) in cells from BBd rats. This establishes that in BBd cells (i) lymphocytes (especially CD4+) contribute to the increased metabolism, (ii) T-lymphocytes are especially active in glutamine metabolism, but because of their reduced numbers, this cannot fully account for the increase in the unfractionated population, and therefore (iii) B-lymphocytes probably also contribute, and (iv) the altered metabolism of these cells is not a result of the diabetic state. These findings are consistent with activation of immunocytes of multiple lineages in this autoimmune syndrome.Key words: glutamine, glucose, lymphocytes, BB rat.
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Serajchi, Mostafa, Michael P. Schellenberg, Jenalee M. Mischkolz, and Eric G. Lamb. "Mixtures of native perennial forage species produce higher yields than monocultures in a long-term study." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 98, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 633–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2017-0087.
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To evaluate the forage yield and quality of seven perennial native species in monoculture and binary mixtures under a range of climate conditions, a 6-yr field experiment was conducted at the Swift Current Research and Development Centre (SCRDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), in Swift Current, SK. Seven native perennial forage species from three functional groups (C3, C4grasses, and legumes) were seeded in 2010 in monocultures and binary mixtures. Forage yield and quality [crude protein, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and copper (Cu)] were measured during the first week of July and last week of August in 2011–2016. Mixtures that included western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Löve] (WWG) tended to produce a greater yield when 90% of the composition within these mixtures was WWG. Adding bluebunch wheatgrass [Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Löve] (BBW), little blue stem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash] (LBS), and prairie clovers (Dalea spp.) to the binary mixtures can increase the positive aspects of species diversity on stability and productivity in seeded pastures. Among the grasses, WWG contained higher crude protein and lower ADF and NDF concentration. Mixtures of forage species produced higher forage yield compared with monocultures. Native forage species can produce stable forage yield across very different climate situations. In mixtures, WWG showed promising results in forage productivity and quality and can be a suitable option for seeded pastures.
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Gehrig-Fasel, Jacqueline, and Anton Bürgi. "Prototyp eines waldbaulichen Informationssystems. Erste Erfahrungen im Forstbetrieb Bremgarten, Wohlen, Waltenschwil | Prototype of a silvicultural information system; first application results in forest enterprise Bremgarten, Wohlen, Waltenschwil (BBW)." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 153, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2002.0293.
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In order to assess the usefulness of a computer based silvicultural information system, the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, developed and tested a prototype of such a system in collaboration with the forest enterprise Bremgarten (BWW). This work describes the prototype, built on a GIS-platform, and fed with a database which particularly takes small mixed stands into account. First results are interpreted with regard to the usefulness of such a system in practice.
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Wijaya, Handika Setya. "PENGARUH BUKAAN (OPENING) TERHADAP KAPASITAS LENTUR BALOK BETON BERTULANG." Jurnal Media Teknik Sipil 15, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jmts.v15i1.4491.
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Dalam konstruksi bangunan-bangunan modern, instalasi perpipaan dibutuhkan untuk mengakamodasi kebutuhan mekanikal dan elektrikal. Salah satu alternatif rencana untuk melewatkan instalasi perpipaan tersebut adalah dengan membuat bukaan (opening) pada balok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari seberapa besar pengaruh pemberian beberapa variasi jumlah bukaan yang diberikan di zona tarik beton terhadap kekuatan dan kekakuan lentur balok beton bertulang. Pengujian yang dilakunan adalah pengujian lentur dengan benda uji balok berukuran (15 x 25 x 200) cm. Variasi penelitian ini yaitu jumlah bukaan berdiameter 5 cm yang berjumlah dua bukaan (BB2) dan empat bukaan (BB4) dan balok tanpa bukaan (BK). Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian bukaan pada zona tarik beton mereduksi kekuatan lentur meskipun tidak signifikan. Jika dibandingkan dengan BK, reduksi kekuatan lentur untuk balok BB2 sebesar 1.26% dan reduksi untuk balok BB4 sebesar 5.66%. Untuk kekakuan lentur pada kondisi praretak, terjadi reduksi kekakuan lentur. Jika dibandingkan dengan BK, reduksi kekakuan lentur untuk balok BB2 sebesar 9% dan reduksi untuk balok BB4 sebesar 15.24%. Untuk kekakuan lentur pada kondisi pascaretak, terjadi reduksi kekakuan lentur juga. Jika dibandingkan dengan BK, reduksi kekakuan lentur untuk balok BB2 sebesar 13.03% dan reduksi untuk balok BB4 sebesar 18.68%.
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Zhao, Z., T. L. Chow, Q. Yang, H. W. Rees, G. Benoy, Z. Xing, and F. R. Meng. "Model prediction of soil drainage classes based on digital elevation model parameters and soil attributes from coarse resolution soil maps." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 88, no. 5 (November 1, 2008): 787–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss08012.
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High-resolution soil drainage maps are important for crop production planning, forest management, and environmental assessment. Existing soil classification maps tend to only have information about the dominant soil drainage conditions and they are inadequate for precision forestry and agriculture planning purposes. The objective of this research was to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model for producing soil drainage classification maps at high resolution. Soil profile data extracted from coarse resolution soil maps (1:1 000 000 scale) and topographic and hydrological variables derived from digital elevation model (DEM) data (1:35 000 scale) were considered as candidates for inputs. A high-resolution soil drainage map (1:10 000) of the Black Brook Watershed (BBW) in northwestern New Brunswick (NB), Canada, was used to train and validate the ANN model. Results indicated that the best ANN model included average soil drainage classes, average soil sand content, vertical slope position (VSP), sediment delivery ratio (SDR) and slope steepness as inputs. It was found that 52% of model-predicted drainage classes were exactly the same as field assessment observations and 94% of model-predicted drainage classes were within ±1 class. In comparison, only 12% of maps indicated drainage classes were the same as field assessment observations based on coarse resolution soil maps and only 55% of points were within ±1 class of field assessed drainage classes. Results indicated that the model could be used to produce high-resolution soil drainage maps at relatively low cost. Key words: Soil drainage, artificial neural network model, ANN model, high-resolution soil maps, DEM, hydrology model
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Marinos, Rebecca S., Wei Zhang, Guoyao Wu, Katherine A. Kelly, and Cynthia J. Meininger. "Tetrahydrobiopterin levels regulate endothelial cell proliferation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 281, no. 2 (August 1, 2001): H482—H489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.2.h482.
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Vascular abnormalities, including altered angiogenesis, are major factors contributing to the morbidity and mortality of diabetes. We hypothesized that impaired angiogenesis in diabetes results from decreased tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)-dependent synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial cells (EC). To test this hypothesis, we utilized EC from spontaneously diabetic BB (BBd) and nondiabetes-prone BB (BBn) rats to investigate the link between BH4 and EC proliferation. There were significant decreases in the proliferation rate and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in BBd versus BBn EC, with no evidence of apoptosis in either group. Sepiapterin (a precursor of BH4 via the salvage pathway) increased BH4 synthesis and enhanced proliferation of BBd EC. The stimulating effect of sepiapterin on EC proliferation was attenuated by N G-monomethyl-l-arginine, a NO synthase inhibitor. Reducing BH4 concentrations in BBn EC caused a decrease in proliferation, which was attenuated by a long-acting NO donor. Our results suggest that BH4 levels regulate proliferation of normal EC and that a BH4deficiency impairs NO-dependent proliferation of BBd EC.
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Field, C. J., G. Wu, M. D. Métroz-Dayer, M. Montambault, and E. B. Marliss. "Lactate production is the major metabolic fate of glucose in splenocytes and is altered in spontaneously diabetic BB rats." Biochemical Journal 272, no. 2 (December 1, 1990): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2720445.
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Enhanced glucose metabolism is necessary to support the activation and proliferation of lymphocytes. To define further quantitatively the metabolic fates of glucose and assess glucose utilization both in normal cells and in an autoimmune disease with abnormal lymphocytes, [U-14C]glucose conversion into 14CO2 and the production of lactate and pyruvate were measured in splenocytes. Cells from non-diabetes-prone (BBn) and spontaneously diabetic (BBd) rats were studied both freshly isolated ‘resting’ and cultured for 96 h with and without concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation. (1) Lactate was confirmed to be the major end product in both freshly isolated (53% of utilized glucose) and unstimulated cultured (62% of utilized glucose) cells from BBn animals studied at (2-8) x 10(6) cells/ml concentration. The use of concentrations from 10 x 10(6) to 300 x 10(6) cells/ml resulted in progressively less lactate production per 10(6) splenocytes. (2) Cells from BBd animals after stimulation with Con A incorporated less [3H]thymidine and produced significantly less lactate (155 +/- 14 versus 305 +/- 24 nmol/2 h per 10(6) cells) than did BBn cells (P less than 0.05). (3) However, more lactate (101 +/- 8 versus 78 +/- 6 nmol/5 h per 10(6) cells) was produced by ‘resting’ cells from BBd animals compared with BBn (P less than 0.03), and this difference was sustained after 4 days in culture. (4) Significantly greater amounts of pyruvate were produced by BBd than by BBn cells, particularly when stimulated with Con A, suggesting an alteration in the availability of reducing equivalents in BBd cells. (5) These results are consistent with prior metabolic as well as immunological ‘activation’ of cells in vivo in the BB diabetic animals.
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Susetyo, Della Pratama, Armand Omar Moeis, and Dimas Kunto Wibisono. "Pengembangan Model Terminal Curah Cair Dengan Metode Simulasi Diskrit." Jurnal Penelitian Transportasi Laut 21, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/transla.v21i2.1329.
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Seiring dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi, konsumsi BBM dan BBG semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Peningkatan tersebut menyebabkan bertambahnya kuantitas kapal tanker untuk mendistribusikan BBM dan BBG ke lokasi tujuan. Kapasitas pelabuhan tidak dapat mengimbangi kuantitas kapal tanker yang meningkat pesat sehingga terbentuk antrian kapal di pelabuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang model simulasi untuk mengevaluasi aspek-aspek operasional pada proses bongkar muat BBM dan BBG di sebuah terminal transit di Indonesia agar didapat keputusan investasi yang tepat. Metode sistem diskrit yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mampu menggambarkan dan mengevaluasi proses dan kegiatan kapal di pelabuhan berdasarkan sistem nyata. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbaikan waktu pada kegiatan bongkar muat kapal menggunakan skenario yang diuji dapat mengurangi antrian kapal dan mengurangi biaya yang harus dikeluarkan. Tiga skenario yang diuji untuk mengurangi waktu antrian kapal adalah penambahan kuantitas jetty, pembuatan prioritas pelayanan kapal Medium Range dan Small 2, dan implementasi simultaneous pumping pada kegiatan bongkar kapal.
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Wu, G., and N. E. Flynn. "The activation of the arginine-citrulline cycle in macrophages from the spontaneously diabetic BB rat." Biochemical Journal 294, no. 1 (August 15, 1993): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2940113.
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The activity of the arginine-citrulline cycle was investigated in macrophages from the spontaneous immunologically mediated diabetic BB rat. Peritoneal macrophages were prepared from male diabetes-prone (BBdp), diabetic (BBd) and age-matched non-diabetes-prone (BBn) rats. Cells were incubated at 37 degrees C for 2 h in Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer containing 0.5 mM L-arginine, 0.1 mM L-[ureido-14C]citrulline and 5 mM D-glucose to measure the activity of the arginine-citrulline cycle. The uptakes of citrulline and arginine by macrophages were measured during a 5 min incubation period with L-[ureido-14C]citrulline and L-[2,3-3H] arginine respectively. The production of NO3- (the major stable oxidation product of NO) increased (P < 0.01) by 112% and 151% in 75-day-old BBdp and 115-day-old BBd macrophages respectively, compared with age-matched BBn cells. The conversion of [14C]citrulline into [14C]arginine increased (P < 0.01) by 704%, 892% and 904% in 50- and 75-day-old BBdp and 115-day-old BBd macrophages respectively, compared with age-matched BBn cells. The enhanced NO synthesis in BBdp and BBd macrophages was associated with a 25-35% increase in the uptake of L-arginine. However, there were no differences in the uptake of citrulline between BBdp or BBd macrophages and age-matched BBn cells. Our results demonstrate for the first time the activation of the arginine-citrulline cycle in macrophages in an autoimmune condition. The inherent increase in the recycling of L-citrulline to L-arginine in BBdp and BBd macrophages may reflect an innate metabolic disorder in these cells. This increased L-arginine synthesis from L-citrulline may play a role in sustaining a sufficient intracellular L-arginine concentration for prolonged generation of NO in BBdp and BBd macrophages. A role for NO in the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus warrants further investigation.
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Yang, E., A. Daghstani, D. C. Kaelber, and M. Ikezuagu. "Implementing Black Box Warnings (BBWs) in Health Information Systems." Applied Clinical Informatics 03, no. 01 (2012): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/aci-2011-10-ra-0063.
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SummaryObjective: To develop a practical approach for implementing clinical decision support (CDS) for medication black box warnings (BBWs) into health information systems (HIS).Methods: We reviewed all existing medication BBWs and organized them into a taxonomy that identifies opportunities and challenges for implementing CDS for BBWs into HIS.Results: Of the over 400 BBWs that currently exist, they can be organized into 4 categories with 9 sub-categories based on the types of information contained in the BBWs, who should be notified, and potential actions to that could be taken by the person receiving the BBW. Informatics oriented categories and sub-categories of BBWs include – interactions (13%) (drug-drug (4%) and drug-diagnosis (9%)), testing (21%) (baseline (9%) and on-going (12%)), notifications (29%) (drug prescribers (7%), drug dispensers (2%), drug administrators (9%), patients (10%), and third parties (1%)), and non-actionable (37%). This categorization helps identify BBWs for which CDS can be easily implemented into HIS today (such as drug-drug interaction BBWs), those that cannot be easily implemented into HIS today (such as non-actionable BBWs), and those where advanced and/ or integrated HIS need to be in place to implement CDS for BBWs (such a drug dispensers BBWs).Conclusions: HIS have the potential to improve patient safety by implementing CDS for BBWs. A key to building CDS for BBWs into HIS is developing a taxonomy to serve as an organizing roadmap for implementation. The informatics oriented BBWs taxonomy presented here identified types of BBWs in which CDS can be implemented easily into HIS currently (a minority of the BBWs) and those types of BBWs where CDS cannot be easily implemented today (a majority of BBWs).
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Wong, Braden T., Yijie He, Kwangwook Kim, Sharon Xu, Christopher Lingga, Xunde Li, Emma Wall, and Yanhong Liu. "19 Dietary Supplementation of Botanicals Enhanced Growth Performance and Disease Resistance of Weaned Pigs Experimentally Infected with a Pathogenic E. coli." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.050.
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Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary botanical supplementation on growth performance and frequency of diarrhea of weaned piglets experimentally infected with a pathogenic F18 Escherichia coli (E. coli). Sixty weaned piglets (around 21 days old; 7.15 ± 0.97 kg) were individually housed and randomly allotted to one of five dietary treatments (n = 12): negative control (NC), positive control (PC), high dose of botanicals blend 1 (BB1, 100 ppm), low dose of botanicals blend 2 (BB2, 50 ppm), and high dose of botanicals blend 2 (BB2, 100 ppm). The experiment lasted 28 days: from day -7 to +21 relative to E. coli inoculation. All piglets except the pigs in the NC group were orally inoculated with F18 E. coli (1010 cfu per dose, 3 doses) for 3 consecutive days. Growth performance was recorded throughout the experiment and diarrhea scores were recorded daily. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using PROC MIXED of SAS with a randomized complete block design. E. coli challenge reduced (P < 0.05) pig body weight and growth rate throughout the experiment. Pigs supplemented with high dose BB1 or BB2 tended (P < 0.10) to have greater body weight (19.52 and 19.10 vs. 18.00 kg) on d 21 PI and greater average daily gain from d 0 to 21 PI (554 and 557 vs. 515 g/d) than PC. No differences were observed in pig performance between high dose BB1 or BB2 in comparison with NC. Supplementation of high dose BB1 or BB2 also reduced (P < 0.05) frequency and severity of diarrhea of challenged pigs during the entire experimental period. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of botanicals reduced diarrhea and tended to improve growth performance of weaned pigs infected with E. coli.
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Li, Ze-sheng, Xin-wu Ba, Chia-chung Sun, and Au-chin Tang. "On the sol fraction of Aa1 Bb1−Aa2 Bb2 copolymerisations." Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Theory and Simulations 2, no. 3 (May 1993): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mats.1993.040020307.
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Grider, John R. "Gastrin-releasing peptide is a modulatory neurotransmitter of the descending phase of the peristaltic reflex." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 287, no. 6 (December 2004): G1109—G1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00080.2004.
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The physiological role of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and of its cognate receptors in regulating the intestinal peristaltic reflex was examined in a three-compartment flat-sheet preparation of rat colon. Mucosal stimulation applied to the central compartment at high, but not low levels of intensity, induced GRP release in the caudad compartment where descending relaxation was measured, but not into the ascending compartment where ascending contraction was measured or into the central compartment where the stimuli were applied. The selective GRP (BB2) receptor antagonist, [d-Phe6,des-Met14]bombesin6–14, inhibited descending relaxation and VIP release in the caudad compartment induced by high but not by low levels of stimulation applied to the mucosa in the central compartment. The selective neuromedin B (BB1) receptor antagonist, BIM-23127, had no effect on descending relaxation or VIP release. Neither the BB1 nor the BB2 antagonist had any effect on ascending contraction or substance P release in the orad compartment. Consistent with the effects of the antagonists on the peristaltic reflex, the BB2 antagonist but not the BB1 antagonist decreased the velocity of propulsion of artificial fecal pellets through isolated segments of guinea pig distal colon. The results indicate that GRP is selectively released from myenteric neurons in descending pathways during the peristaltic reflex and that it acts via BB2 receptors to augment the descending phase of the peristaltic reflex and propulsion.
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Wu, G., and C. J. Meininger. "Impaired arginine metabolism and NO synthesis in coronary endothelial cells of the spontaneously diabetic BB rat." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 269, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): H1312—H1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1995.269.4.h1312.
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Arginine metabolism via nitric oxide (NO) synthase and other pathways was studied in coronary endothelial cells (EC) from the spontaneously diabetic BB rat, an animal model of human type I diabetes mellitus (IDDM). EC were prepared from insulin-treated diabetic BB (BBd) and non-diabetes-prone BB (BBn) rats. Basal NO synthesis was studied in EC cultured for 48 h in medium containing 0.4 mM L-arginine. At the end of the culture period, the medium was analyzed for nitrite and nitrate (two major end stable oxidation products of NO), and the cells were used to determine arginine uptake and metabolism and the activities of some arginine-degrading enzymes. For studies of arginine metabolism, cells were incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 h in Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 1 mM L(-)[1-14C]arginine or L(-)[1-14C]ornithine. The rates of production of nitrite plus nitrate by BBd EC were only 15% of those of BBn cells. This impaired NO synthesis in BBd EC was not due to alterations in arginine uptake, NO synthase activity, or intracellular arginine concentrations but might have resulted from a limited intracellular availability of cofactors of NO synthase. In addition to the arginine-NO pathway, arginine was found to be metabolized to urea, ornithine, and, to a much lesser extent, CO2 via arginase and ornithine aminotransferase. The activities of arginase and the formation of ornithine and urea from arginine were decreased by 90% in BBd compared with BBn cells. These results, coupled with the reduced NO synthesis, indicate metabolic defects in arginine metabolism in BBd EC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)