Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bazars

Academic literature on the topic 'Bazars'

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Published: 26 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Bazars"

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Nepal, Pramshu. "Contribution of Haat Bazars in Rural Economy of Rupandehi District." International Research Journal of Parroha Multiple Campus 2, no. 1 (2023): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.61916/prmn.2023.v02i01.005.

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This article offers a comprehensive exploration of the pivotal role that Haat Bazars, or weekly markets, play in the rural economy of Nepal, with a particular focus on the Rupandehi district. Haat Bazars, embedded within the fabric of rural life, serve as vitaleconomic centers that foster entrepreneurship, generate employment opportunities, and significantly contribute to rural economic development. Moreover, they play a crucial role in ensuring food security by providing a consistent source of fresh, locally grown produce. The study's primary objective is to dissect and evaluate the multifaceted contributions of Haat Bazars in the Rupandehi district. This evaluation encompasses an examination of the diverse range of products available, consumer preferences, and the level of brand awareness among the rural communities. Primary data for this analysis was obtained through a combination of surveys and observational methods. The Results and Discussion section delves into the economic, social, and cultural significance of Haat Bazars, shedding light on the spectrum of products traded and the extent of brand awareness within rural populations. This section not only elucidates the current status but also outlines the potential for further growth and development in the context of Haat Bazars. This article emphasizes the essential role that Haat Bazars play in the rural economy of Nepal, particularly in Rupandehi district. It also underscores the significance of fostering infrastructure development and implementing improved regulatory measures to optimize the positive impacts of Haat Bazars. By facilitating a deeper understanding of the role of Haat Bazars, this research seeks to inspire actions that promote sustainable economic development and empower rural communities in Nepal. Keywords: Haat bazars, Rural areas, Rupandehi district , Economic growth-Livelihood opportunities
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Mahmood, Ayaz, Dr Saima Gulzar, Dr Ayesha Mehmood Malik, and Muhammad Yusuf Muhammad Yusuf. "ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF IDENTIFIED HISTORIC BAZAR OF SULTANATE PERIOD TOWARD TOURISM AND ECONOMIC UPLIFTING IN THE REGION OF SOUTHERN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN." Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46662/jass.v11i1.447.

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Internationally, historic bazars are being regenerated to maintain and sustain the ambience of heritage core of the city. In Pakistan, this concept is also being followed in historic cities like Lahore, which have meaningful results by saving endangered heritage of specific time period as well creating economic, recreational and tourism activities having direct impact on uplifting of the community. There is need to apply this concept of regeneration in the other historic cities of Pakistan especially the remote areas like Southern Punjab where the heritage is being detoriating due to lack of maintenance and encroachment and need to protect on priority basis. Southern Punjab, Pakistan is a cradle of many civilizations and full of historic monuments with a most important era of Sultanate Period in which numbers of shrines were built spiritually in the memory of Sufi saints who played a vital role in spread of Islam in the region. Regular visits by their followers, especially during URS, led to the establishment of commercial and recreational activities in the form of bazars and mela grounds around these shrines. However, as city centers evolved over time, these bazars have deteriorated, necessitating regeneration for the revival of the historic core's ambiance This research focuses on the regeneration of historic bazars during the Sultanate Period in one of the historic settlements of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. The methodology involves a comprehensive survey and interviews with experts, contributing valuable insights to the existing body of knowledge. Emphasizing compliance with SDG-11.4, which underscores the importance of ensuring the safety of indigenous heritage, the study aims to provide practical recommendations for the sustainable regeneration of these historic bazars, safeguarding Southern Punjab's rich cultural legacy.
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Rezavi, Syed Ali Nadeem. "Bazars and markets in medieval India." Studies in People’s History 2, no. 1 (May 24, 2015): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2348448915574360.

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Mobasser, Soussan. "Le réseau national des bazars en Iran." CEMOTI 4, no. 1 (1987): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/cemot.1987.878.

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MOBASSER, Soussan. "Le réseau national des bazars en Iran." CEMOTI, no. 4 (October 1, 1986): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/cemoti.498.

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Khan, Muzaiana Naomi, and Saniya Tabassum. "ANALYZING SPATIAL-PHYSICAL LAYOUT OF URBAN BAZARS: A WAY TO BRING BACK THE PUBLIC SPACES INSIDE MARKETPLACES WITH A CONSIDERATION FOR SAFETY ISSUES." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 3 (April 14, 2021): 321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i3.2021.3818.

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The acceleration of diversified retail in urban streets and bazars, reachable from homes and work have become a common phenomenon in achieving an environmental, social, economic and sustainable neighborhood. Fostering social cohesion, such settlements encompass, groceries, confectionaries, soft drinks, magazines and newspapers, tobacco products, restaurants and cafes which help to build community. Local employment is also generated by such local trade points. Despite the popularity of street trading, the system of growth of such establishments remains chaotic and they lack public spaces within the market. This study analyses the dynamics of urban streets and bazar and social life at the local public space inside the market keeping in mind the current safety situation of the pandemic in three cases of Dhaka city and proposes possible opportunities to overcome the anarchy
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Dale, Stephen F. "Empires and Emporia: Palace, Mosque, Market, and Tomb in Istanbul, Isfahan, Agra, and Delhi." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 53, no. 1-2 (2009): 212–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/002249910x12573963244403.

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AbstractThe association between empires and commercial institutions is a well-known feature of pre-industrial Muslim empires, such as the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal empires. Rulers constructed religious monuments and civic institutions that simultaneously functioned as commercial centers. The key to this symbiotic relationship is the institution of waqf, the so-called “charitable endowments” that supplied funds to support mosques, schools, baths and other religious institutions. The endowments largely drew their funds from shops, bazars or caravanserais usually built nearby. Therefore a great mosque or madrasa often became a commercial center. This situation was the conscious result of imperial commitment to stimulating the commercial exchange, which would supply and enrich these states.Que les empires islamiques de l’ère pré-industrielles se sont associés aux institutions commerçiales est bien connu. Les empires ottoman, safavide et moghol en témoignent amplement. Les monuments religieux et les institutions civiles que leurs princes ont fait construire furet en même temps des centres de commerce. Cette relation symbiotique s’explique par l’institution de waqf, autrement dit ‘un leg pieux’. Les fonds de ces legs servaient à doter les mosques, les écoles, les bains et bien d’autres institutions religieuses. Les donations pieuses, elles, furent en grande partie léguées par des boutiques, des bazars, et des caravansérails aux alentours. Ainsi la grande mosquée, ou la médresse, se trouvait être doublée d’un centre de commerce. Voilà l’effet intentionel de l’engagement impérial qui visait à encourager les échanges commerçiaux. À leur tour ces échanges fournissaient des produits à ces états et les rendaient plus prospères.
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Rao, P. Srinivasa, G. Surya Prakasa Rao, and K. S. Bose. "Performance of Rythu Bazars - A Qualitative Analysis (with reference to Greater Visakhapatnam City)." Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management 6, no. 11 (2016): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7307.2016.00054.2.

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Mukherjee, Deep Narayan, and N. Vasudev. "Economic analysis of marketing performances in the rythu bazars (direct marketing) in Hyderabad city." Economic Affairs 59, no. 4 (2014): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-4666.2014.00034.5.

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Fan, Tao. "The Preference Study on Public Service of the Bazaar in Xinjiang." Advances in Education, Humanities and Social Science Research 4, no. 1 (February 24, 2023): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aehssr.4.1.73.2023.

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This paper proposes the practical problems of improving the weak public service’s foundation about urban and rural construction in Xinjiang, which takes bazaar as an important carrier to expand the public service function of the site. The narrative preference method is used to study the preference of Xinjiang residents to bazaar's public service function. Furthermore, the conclusion can provide suggestions for bazaar's plan, design and operation. The main conclusions are as follows: the most popular public services of bazaar in Xinjiang are culture and art, entertainment and leisure, square green area, education and training, convenient services, and medical and healthy care. The longest time they are willing to spend on the way to bazaars are 44, 41, 31, 25, 28 and 11mins; The maximum size that can be accepted are: large, medium, medium, medium, small, small. The differences of gender, age, ethnic group, occupation, education and residence also bring significant differentiation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bazars"

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Shali, Amini Vahid. "Bazar de Téhéran." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040144.

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Les chercheurs se sont rarement donnés pour objet d'analyse le bazar de Téhéran qui reste donc plutôt inexploré et méconnu. Or il est aujourd'hui l'un des réceptacles de la crise générale qui touche la société iranienne contemporaine. Notre étude porte sur le fonctionnement interne et les contacts externes du bazar; son architecture et ses équipements; ses commerces; son artisanat et les occupations au sol de la zone commerciale. Enfin une étude comparative des enquêtes et des cartes effectuées par M. Seger (1973-197) et nous-même (1991-1995) donne à observer l'évolution générale du quartier du bazar
The researchers have seldom given as object to analyze the bazaar of Teheran, which remains rather unexplored and unknown, however, it is today one of the receptacle of the general crises which touches the Iranian contemporary society. Our study concerns the internal functioning and the external contacts of the bazaar of Teheran; its architect and equipment, its commerce, its crafts and the employments of the commercial zone. Finally, a comparative study of inquiries and of accounts accomplished by M. Seger (1973-1978) and us (1991-1995) will permit to observe the general development of the bazaar area
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Mermier, Franck. "Les Souks de Sanaa et la société citadine, République arabe du Yémen." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376163047.

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Hachempour, Rahim. "Le bazar de Ghazvin (Iran) : analyse et propositions de réhabilitation." Reims, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REIML006.

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Nous avons voulu a travers d'une recherche historique, urbanistique et architecturale sensibiliser d'une part les publics y compris les commerçants exerçant des activités au sein du bazar, d'autre part l'état qui est responsable de la survie du bazar. Cette recherche qui est composée de quatre chapitres et de onze sections, nous évoquons un historique montrant la genèse et l'évolution du bazar ainsi que les différents types du bazar : permanent, temporaire, saisonnier etc. Nous évoquons plus loin son rôle économique et ses influences sur l'état et le monde qu'il forme (la communauté bazari). En suit le bazar en Iran et dans les différentes régions : humide, aride et sèche. Nous parlons aussi de son architecture et ses espaces fonctionnels et de son tissu dans la ville et sa technique d'architecture. Un chapitre est consacré a la ville de Ghazvin. Nous avons pensé qu'il est nécessaire de montrer l'importance de cette ville sur laquelle nous avons base notre recherche. Le chapitre suivant présente le bazar de Ghazvin dans son ensemble et on entre dans les détails afin de mieux connaitre les problèmes avec qui le bazar de Ghazvin a vécu et vie encore. On essaie avec les procédés plus avances dans l'informatique de valoriser encore plus le bazar de Ghazvin, ceci en entrant le plan du bazar par la technique de digitalisation du plan de base (plan aérien), et passer ce dernier en 3 dimension. Le dernier chapitre, il s'agit des propositions d'aménagement pour certains et réhabilitation pour d'autres. Nous voulons dans la première étape donner des fonctions vitales et permanentes aux locaux existants, et ensuit reconstruire les locaux insalubres et construire les terrains vagues du tissu du bazar. Toutes ces propositions sont quasiment accompagnées par des figures et des planches afin de donner un aperçu de l'ensemble de propositions. D'autre part nous proposons des installations tant que "les installations d'accueils et loisir" qu'aujourd'hui elles ont presque disparu
We have expected to sensitize through this urbanistique, historical and archtecturale research on the one hand the public including the traders who trade insede the bazar, and on the other hand the state who is responsable to (pay attention to) bazar. This research which is composed of four chapters and eleven sections recalls a historical review, to show the origin and the evolution of bazar, it also discuss the different types of bazar : permanent, temporal, seasonal etc. We evocke later on its economic function and its influence over the state and its own members (the bazari community). We study also the bazar's architectural and functional areas, its texture within the city and its architectural technics. One chapter is consecrated to the city of Ghazvine. It has been necessery to show the importance of this town which is the subject of our research. The following chapter argues the overall picture of Ghasvine's bazar, we have gone into all the details for better understanding the problems which the bazar of Ghazvine has been and still is engaged in. We try to use the computer system in order to valorize more the bazar of Ghazvine by presenting its plan withe the help of the digitalization's technic and showing the basis plan ( air map) in three dimensions. The last chapter is about the suggestions to fit out some parts and rehbilitate the other. We would like to propose first of all the vital and permanent functions for the existing buldings then suggest reconstruction of insalubrious parts and finally forseeing the construction of the vacant land of drawing board to give an outine ( general idea) of proposed plan. On the other hand we suggest the equipements like + the receptions and leisuries ; which are disppeared nowadvs
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Mermier, Franck. "Les Souks de Sanaa et la société citadine : République arabe du Yémen." Paris, EHESS, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988EHES0030.

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Notre travail, fruit d'une enquete ethnologique sur le marche de sanaa (capitale de la republique arabe du yemen),concerne l'organisation professionnelle des corps de metiers, l'echelle hierarchique des metiers et des groupes de statuts representes en ville. Par ce biais, nous avons tente d'identifier et d'analyser les fondements et les composantes de la societe citadine et de rendre compte des registres relationnels qui la relie a son environnement tribal. Pour ce faire, nous avons etudie l'importance et la place du souk dans le systeme tribal avant de reveler les racines historiques de l'autonomisme urbain. Celui-ci possede un cadre institutionnel l'organisation coutumiere de la ville et du marche. Le marche constitua au 19eme siecle le centre poli tique du pouvoir citadin qui se dota alors de ses institutions. Le marche dont l'historique des transformations socio-economiques sous les regimes imamite et republicain a ete retrace dans notre etude, representa durant des siecles le vecteur principal d'integration a la societe citadine pour les immigrants ruraux. Il a ete percu et analyse comme un territoire de socialisation ou sont inculquees les valeurs de l'ethos citadin et ou s'origine une grande partie des reseaux d'alliance de la ville
This work is the result of an etnographic enquiry about the market of sanaa (capital of the yemen arab republic). I have studied the professional organization of the market, the social ranking of the occupational categories living in the city. By this mean, i tried to identify and to analyse its foundations and the components of the townsmen's society and grasp its rela tions with its tribal surroundings. To achieve this goal, i have studied the importance and the place of the market in the tribal system before revealing the historical roots of the urban auto nomism. It has an institutional setting which is the customary organization of the market and the town. While outlining the history of the social and economical changes which affected the market, i have conceived it as a place of integration in the townsmen's society, as a territory of socialization where the values of the townsmen's ethos are conveyed and where a great part of the town's social networks originate
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Hajjarabi, Fatima. "Les Souks féminins du rif central : anthropologie de l'échange féminin." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070150.

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Cette recherche porte sur les souks féminins du rif central marocain. Ce sont huit marches hebdomadaires réserves uniquement aux femmes dans les environs immédiats d'Al Hoceima. Ces souks sont anciens et attestés historiquement. Bien que devenus des résidus, ils sont encore fréquentés par de nombreuses marchandes et clientes. Cette étude s'est appliquée à situer le souk féminin dans son espace géographique, sociologique et économique. Elle a également mis en valeur l'échange qui porte sur de petites quantités mais qui n'exclut pas une grande diversité. Les circuits empruntés sont en marge des souks masculins. Toutes les pratiques sont encastrées dans le social. Le monde des vendeuses, est un monde à part. L'aspect social a constitué une grosse partie de cette étude. Le souk feminin est un lieu où se décident les alliances matrimoniales. C'est aussi un forum où tout ce qui traverse la société y a résonnance: commérage, fait divers etc. . .
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Lahlali, Abdeljalil. "Souks et réseau urbain dans les Doukkala : étude géographique." Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR4504.

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L'espace regional des doukkala est profondement marque par le secteur tertiaire. Neanmoins, une distension existe entre le tertiaire primi-tif domine par le role dynamique du commerce forain qui s'impose par sa structure et organise l'espace par son rayonnement, et la presence modeste d'un tertiaire dit evolue ou superieur. Ce desequilibre trouve son explication dans la persistance des structures ancestrales qui demeurent encore efficaces dans une societe qui a peu change en depit de l'intervention accrue des influences de la vie moderne. C'est dans ce contexte que le commerce soukier garde encore toutes ses prerogati-ves surtout en milieu urbain, malgre la presence d'une nouvelle for-me permanente de desserte commerciale. De meme le foisonnement des petits metiers qui forment le secteur refuge pour les deracines ruraux dans les agglomerations urbaines, est loin de provoquer un reel deve-loppement de l'economie urbaine. Dans ce cadre les rapports villescampagnes sont domines par un echange desequilibre dans lequel le monde rural est la partie la plus perdante. La promotion administrative des centres urbains et leur equipement par d'autres moyens d'intervention dans le milieu rural n'ont pas reussi a donner a la ville le veritable role du developpement regio-nal. L'absence d'une politique de regionalisation basee sur le lance-ment du secteur productif ainsi que l'intervention massive de l'in-fluence casablancaise ne favorisent guere l'instauration d'un reseau urbain bien equilibre susceptible de mener une action positive dans le developpement regional
THE REGIONAL SPACE OF DOUKKALA IS DEEPLY MARKED BY THE TERTIARY SECTOR. HOWEVER, THERE IS SLACKENING BETWEEN THE ORIGINAL TERTIARY RULED BY A DYNAMIC FAIR GROUND TRADE WHICH IS IMPOSED BY ITS STRUCTURE ANS ORGA-NISES SPACE BY ITS EXTENSION AND A MODEST PRESENCE OF COLLED DEVELO-PED TERTIARY. THIS IMBALANCE FINDS A SOLUTION IN THE PERSISTENCE OF FOREFATHER STRUCTURE STILL EFFICIENT IN A SOCIETY THAT HAS CHANGED BUT A LITTLE IN SPITE OF THE INTERVENTION OF MODERN LIFE IMPACTS. IN THIS PROSPECT THE SOUK TRADE STILL KEEPS ITS PREROGATIVES ESPECIALLY IN URBAN CENTRES NOT with STANDING THE NEW PERMANENT WAY OF TRADE SER-VICE. THE PROFUSION OF SMALL JOBS THAT CONSTITUTE PEOPLE. THE URBAN AREA IS FAR FROM PROVIDING A REAL DEVELOPEMENT OF URBAN ECONOMY. IN THIS WAY RELATIONSHIPS CITY VS. COUNTRYSIDE ARE RULED BY AN IMBA-LANCED EXCHANGE IN WHICH THE COUNTRYSIDE IS LOSING THE MOST. THE ADMINISTRATIVE PROMOTION OF URBAN AREAS, THE SAME AS THEIR EQUIPEMENTS HAVEN'T MANAGED TO GRANT THE CITY THE ROLE OF BEING THE REAL REGIONAL DEVELOPEMENT. THE LACK OF REGIONALIZATION POLICY BASED ON LAUNCHING THE PRODUCTIVE SECTOR AS WELL AS THE MASSIVE INTERVENTION OF CASA-BLANCA INFLUENCE NEVER FAVOUR THE SETTLING OF A WELL BALANCED URBAN NETWORK ABLE TO LEAD A POSITIVE ACTION IN THE REGIONAL DEVELOPEMENT
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Piri, Saeid. "Restauration du bazar de Hamadan (Iran)." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0919.

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Plusieurs grandes villes d'Iran sont riches de plusieurs millénaires de constructions desites historiques et de bâtiments anciens. Certaines de ces constructions, sont d'une partformées de matières vulnérables comme la brique cuite ou crue et le plâtre et d'autre partimpactées par la méthode de la distribution des usages urbains. Il en résulte d'importantschangements et des destructions. Le bazar comptait autrefois l’axe le plus important desespaces urbaines dans les villes iraniennes.D’après les documents existants dans les archives, on peut relever que l’anciennetéhistorique des bazars remonte au minimum à des milliers d’années avant J.-C.Jusqu’au début de 20e siècle, le bazar de chaque ville nourrissait un rapport organique etcohérent avec les autres espaces urbains, mais depuis le début de ce siècle et à la suite dudéveloppement des villes, de la construction des rues donnant accès aux voitures et de ladésignation des modèles d’habitation et d’urbanisme, le rapport entre le bazar et les autresétendues urbaines s'est amenuisé.De nos jours, le Bazar d’Hamadan est encore actif et utilisable mais il est actuellementvulnérable à cause de dégâts structuraux et de certains facteurs socio-économiques. C'est laraison pour laquelle, certaines parties du Bazar d’Hamadan seront graduellementabandonnées.L'objectif de ce travail de recherche est de connaître le bazar d’Hamadan du point devue des fonctions structurales ainsi que ses caractéristiques économiques et sociales, et deprésenter des solutions pour sa restauration, en visant les résultats suivants :- La prévision des possibilités spatiales afin de continuer de nouvelles activités,- la présentation de règlements et de prescriptions pour l’amélioration de laconstruction et l’épuration des activités incohérentes
Many big cities in Iran, have thousands years background and yet some parts of ancientsites and monuments that several centuries old are existing. Many of this textures andmonuments because of using vulnerable materials like brick and mud brick and also land usechanges in urban area are being changed and destroyed. Bazaar has been the most importantconnection way and Iranian urban spaces. According to the existing document, you can guessthat historical background of Bazars is related to thousand years B.C. until the first period ofcurrent century, Bazaars in each city had an organic and strong relation with other urbanspaces. But from the beginning of current age, after urban development and constructing ofroads and streets and establishing new methods of residency and urbanism, their relation withanother urban spaces has disjoined. Nowadays Hamadan bazaar is active, but due to the somesocioeconomic problems, some part of it is going to be deserted. The objective of study ofHamadan bazaar is determining the body and operation and some socioeconomiccharacteristics and finding solution for improvement as follow result. A) Predicting offacilities for further new activities. B) presenting standard and regulation for improvement ofconstruction and C) omitting misfit operation and activities
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Moualem, Rim. "La Médina de Sfax et son souk : mutation d’un héritage urbain." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100078.

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Malgré sa petite superficie (24 hectares), et sa planification ancienne qui remonte au IXème siècle après J. C. , la médina de Sfax nous paraît être une illustration exemplaire d'un processus d'urbanisation original dans le contexte du développement régional. Jusqu'aux années soixante, la médina de Sfax n'a pas connu de transformations architecturales et urbaines importantes. Son originalité résidait dans le juste équilibre spatial entre les différentes fonctions : habitat, commerces, artisans et équipements publics. En raison de la soukalisation de la médina, qui n'a pas cessé de gagner du terrain, cet équilibre est actuellement rompu. Ainsi, les familles aisées, composées de commerçants et d'artisans, ont progressivement quitté la médina pour s'installer en périphérie. Les maisons libérées sont en partie converties en boutiques, en ateliers et en dépôts et pour le reste elles accueillent la population issue de l'exode rural. Ce bouleversement s'est traduit, d'un point de vue architectural, par un impact néfaste. Aujourd'hui, on peut sans doute dire, que la médina de Sfax -un peu comme celle de Fès au Maroc- est une « ville-atelier ». L'implantation de l'activité économique orientée vers le commerce, et la mutation morphologique de la maison en souk représentaient la médina de Sfax comme un grand souk autrement dit un grand centre commercial traditionnel, davantage que comme un centre de production
In spite of its small surface (24 hectares), and its old planning that goes back to the IXth century after J. C, the “medina” (city) of Sfax seems to be an exemplary illustration of an original urbanization process of regional (area) development background. Up till the nineteen sixties, the city of Sfax did not know huge architectural transformation (alteration). Its originality resided in the exact space balance between the different functions: Accommodation, Business (commerce), and Artisan and Public equipments. Because of the “Soukalization” witch took more and more place in the city, this balance is actually interrupted. Hence (therefore), the businessmen and the craftsmen that represent the wealthy families left gradually the city in order to settle in the outskirts. The houses witch were left, were partly converted to shops, workrooms, and storehouses; whereas others were occupied by people coming from the rural depopulation. This architectural disorder caused a disastrous impact. Nowadays, we can surely say that the city of Sfax (like the city of Fès in Morocco) is an “atelier-city”. The implantation of the economic activity witch is turned towards business (commerce) on the one hand and the morphological alteration (transfer) of houses to “Souks” on the other hand, made the city of Sfax to become much more like a big “Souk”. In other wards, a big mall or shopping centre rather than a producing centre
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Touarigt, Belkhodja Assia. "Sūq-s et funduq-s à Alger, Tlemcen et Constantine vers la fin de la période ottomane." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040037.

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Alger, Tlemcen et Constantine possédaient, vers la fin de la période ottomane, de nombreux sūq-s et funduq-s. Très peu d’études ont été consacrées à ces structures économiques qui ont pour la plupart disparu après la prise d’Alger, au début du XIXe siècle. En se basant principalement sur des sources d’archives aussi bien de la période ottomane que du début de l’époque coloniale française, cette étude propose l’établissement d’un inventaire des établissements commerciaux de ces trois villes. Leur localisation topographique, les spécificités de leur implantation urbaine, les aspects toponymiques et socio-économiques sont également abordés dans le cadre de cette recherche. La confrontation de ces données avec les réalités du terrain a confirmé la disparition des funduq-s d’Alger, mais a révélé l’existence de quelques rares exemples existant encore à Constantine et à Tlemcen. Par ailleurs, des sources inédites datant du début du XIXe siècle et émanant des archives militaires françaises ont permis la reconstitution architecturale de cinq funduq-s algérois et de deux funduq-s constantinois
Algiers, Tlemcen and Constantine had, towards the end of the Ottoman period, many sūq-s and funduq-s. Very few studies have been dedicated to these economic structures that have mostly disappeared after the capture of Algiers, in the early nineteenth century. Based primarily on archival sources from the Ottoman period as well as the beginning of the French colonial era, this study proposes the establishment of an inventory of commercial establishments in the three cities. Their topographic location, the specifics of their urban settlement, geographical names and socioeconomic aspects are also covered under this research. The comparison of these data with the realities on the ground confirmed the disappearance of funduq-s of Algiers, but revealed the existence of a few surviving examples in Constantine and Tlemcen. In addition, unpublished sources from the early nineteenth century and from the French military archives have enabled the architectural reconstruction of five funduq-s in Algiers and two funduq-s in Constantine
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Kachri, Ahmed. "Les Souks du Haouz de Marrakech : étude géographique." Tours, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOUR4503.

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Books on the topic "Bazars"

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Marylise, Ortiz, Dérens Jean-Arnault, and Geslin Laurent, eds. Bazars ottomans des Balkans. Paris: Non lieu, 2009.

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Emmanuel, Delloye, and Lamothe Marie José, eds. Les bazars de Kaboul. Paris: Métaillié, 1986.

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Marylise, Ortiz, Dérens Jean-Arnault, and Geslin Laurent, eds. Bazars ottomans des Balkans. Paris: Non lieu, 2009.

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West Bengal (India). Directorate of Agricultural Marketing., ed. West Bengal hats and bazars. Calcutta: Directorate of Agricultural Marketing, West Bengal, 1991.

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Gençoğlu, Aylin Yonca. Muğlak ekonomi ve bir mücadele hikâyesi: Geleneksel ekonomiden kapitalizme Kayseri c̦arşıları. Konya: Çizgi Kitabevi, 2020.

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Langevin, Jean. Circulaire au clergé: 1 ̊époque des collectes ; 2 ̊deuxième jour des quarante-heures ; 3 ̊bazars .. [S.l: s.n., 1986.

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Weiss, Walter M. The bazaar: Markets and merchants of the Islamic world. London: Thames and Hudson, 1998.

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Weiss, Walter M. The bazaar: Markets and merchants of the Islamic world. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1998.

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A dash of daring: Carmel Snow and her life in fashion, art, and letters. New York: Atria Books, 2006.

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Queiroga, José Carlos F. de. Bazar. Porto Alegre: Instituto Estadual do Livro, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bazars"

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Hobelsberger, Christine. "Modern Food Retail’s Impact on Dhaka’s Kacha Bazars." In Handel und Internationales Marketing Retailing and International Marketing, 183–94. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33315-7_10.

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Sohoni, Pushkar. "Markets and Bazaars." In Taming the Oriental Bazaar, 10–25. London: Routledge India, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003079774-2.

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Arslan, Tulin Vural, Havva Bozdag, and Selen Durak. "Sustainability of Historical Bazaars." In Architecture and Urban Transformation of Historical Markets, 168–85. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003143208-16.

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Harbig, Andreas J. "Handlungsbedarf im globalen Bazar." In Interkulturelles Management, 83–96. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-84663-1_5.

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Cook, Nancy. "Bazaar Situations." In Gender, Identity, and Imperialism, 25–44. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230610019_2.

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Hampshire, Natasha, Glaudia Califano, and David Spinks. "Feedback Bazaar." In Mastering Collaboration in a Product Team, 4–5. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-8254-0_2.

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Ghamari, Hessam. "The Bazaar." In The Interior Urbanism Theory Reader, 43–51. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429443091-7.

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Özcan, Gül Berna. "The Political Economy of Bazaars." In Building States and Markets, 96–121. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-29695-4_4.

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"III . MOSQUES AND BAZARS." In Seeing Egypt and the Holy Land, 53–80. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463215279-005.

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Mollier, Jean-Yves. "Les dépôts de livres dans divers magasins et bazars." In Histoire de la librairie française, 170–75. Éditions du Cercle de la Librairie, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/elec.sorel.2008.01.0170.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bazars"

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Trematerra, Adriana, and Enrico Mirra. "Bazaars between documentation and conservation. Case studies in Albania and Macedonia." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15604.

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The subject of vernacular architecture, as is well known, is a vast concept embracing different fields of investigation. It is a type of art created to suit specific lifestyles of single communities, such as the Islamic community. Bazaars, characteristic markets in Eastern countries, are a significant example in this context. The proposed contribution intends to analyse these architectural and urban environments in Albania and Macedonia, through the discipline of restoration aimed at knowledge, documentation and conservation. The proposed case studies represent a significant example of how the restoration of these areas is of fundamental importance for the urban regeneration of historic cities. The Bazaar in Skopjie has always been regarded as the cultural, spiritual, economic and historical centre of the capital. This site, from an architectural point of view, has managed to create an image of the old city in the new city, preserving its original identity features over the centuries. In Tirana, on the other hand, the new Bazaar is a genuine urban regeneration project that aims to preserve the Albanian cultural tradition. If the Bazaar in Skopjie is in a precarious state of conservation, while maintaining its original character, the recently rebuilt Albanian market is an important example of not only architectural but also urban regeneration. The proposed research has foreseen different operational phases: an initial analysis of the historical transformations of the areas under investigation; an identification on a territorial scale and a subsequent analysis on an architectural scale using the restoration discipline. The aim of the investigation is to identify the level of use and conservation of both Bazaars, in order to elaborate digital documents on a cognitive basis for the identification of guidelines for the conservation and enhancement project of the case studies taken as a model for the proposed research.
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Xaliq Qurbanov, Xaliq Qurbanov. "ÖLKƏ İQTİSADİYYATININ İNKİŞAFINDA YÜNGÜL SƏNAYENİN YERİ VƏ ROLU." In THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC – PRACTICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE IN MODERN & SOCIAL SCIENCES: NEW DIMENSIONS, APPROACHES AND CHALLENGES. IRETC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/mssndac-01-25.

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Yüngül sənaye əhalini parça, geyim, ayaqqabı və digər əşyalarla təmin edən sahələr qrupundan ibarət olduğu kimi, kənd təsərrüfatı, maşınqayırma, və kimya sənayesi ilə də sıx əlaqəli fəaliyyət göstərən sahədir. Yüngül sənayenin əsas əlamətlərindən biri qoyulmuş kapitalın tez qaytarılmasıdır. İnkişaf edən ölkələrdə tekstil və paltar sənayeləri üzrə hər iki sənayenin istehsal zəncirlərini özündə birləşdirən iri şirkətlər formalaşır ki, bunlar inkişaf etmiş ölkələrin iri və tanınmış brendlərin sifarişi ilə fəaliyyət göstərirlər. Bununla yanaşı, tekstil və paltar sənayelərinin əmək intensivli olmasına baxmayaraq, son illərdə bu sənayelərdə robotlaşma tendensiları da müşahidə olunur. Yüngül sənaye sahəsinin inkişafını təmin edən bir sıra amillərin təsiri altında inkişaf etməkdədir. İstehlak amili sənaye müəssisələrinin yerləşməsinə təsir edir. İstehlakın və istehsalın kütləvi olması müəssisələrin əhaliyə yaxınlaşmasına kömək edir. Toxuculuq yüngül sənayesi məhsula və işçilərin sayına görə aparıcı sahədir. Azərbaycan toxuculuq sənayesinin müasir yeri fərqlidir. Belə ki, pambıq və ipək parçalar istehsalını təmin edən öz xammal bazası mövcuddur. Xammal bazaları ilə hazır məhsul istehsalı və istehlak arasındakı ərazi tamlığı da buna bariz nümunə hesab oluna bilər. Respublikamızda yüngül sənaye sahəsinin inkişafı üçün geniş imkanlar və müvafiq amillər mövcuddur. Bu imkan və amillər: - yüngül sənaye sahəsində güclü tarixi ənənələrin mövcudluğu; - zəngin yerli xammal bazasının olması (pambıqçılq, baramaçılıq, heyvandarlıq, kimya sənayesi- süni və sintetik liflər istehsalı sahəsi); - nəqliyyat daşımaları baxımından əlverişli iqtisadi-coğrafi mövqe; - Mərkəzi Asiya və Xəzər regionuna birbaşa çıxış; - ölkənin potensial ixrac bazarlarına yaxınlığı; - Beynəıxalq Ticarət yollarının istifadəsində yaxından iştirak; - bir sıra istehsalatların respublikanın kiçik və orta şəhərlərində yerləşdirilməsi imkanı və ərazi ehtiyatı; - dövlət mülkiyyətində olan toxuculuq və tikiş müəssisələrinin əksəriyyətinin özəlləşdirilməsinin başa çatması; - ölkənin enerji daşıyıcılarına malik olması; - Avropa İttifaqı tərəfindən Azərbaycan üçün toxuculuq və tikiş məhsullarına heç bir kvotanın tətbiq edilməməsi və s. Hazırda yüngül sənaye məhsullarına olan daxili təlabatın 90 faizi idxal hesabına ödənilir. Elə buna görə də respublikada bu sahənin inkişafi üçün dövlət tərəfindən böyük imkanlar yaradılır. Yüngül sənayenin infrastrukturunun bazarın tələblərinə uyğun təşkilinin mühüm istiqaməti sahədə istehsal və emal proseslərinin müasir texnika ilə silahlandırılması və texnoloji proseslərin yüksək səviyyədə təşkilinə xüsusi önəmin verilməsidir. Yüngül sənayedə texnoloji uğurların əldə etmək, istehsalın dönməz artım tempini əldə etmək üçün, fiziki, mənəvi və sosial köhnəlməyə məruz qalmış maşın və avadanlıqların yeniləri ilə əvəz edilməsi müasir dövrdə təxirə salınmaz tədbirlərdəndir. "Mingəçevir Tekstil”də istehsal edilən yüksək keyfiyyətli pambıq ipliyi "Made in Azerbaijan” markası ilə artıq beynəlxalq bazara çıxarılır. Türkiyə, Rusiya şirkətləri ilə uğurlu ticarət əlaqələri qurulmuşdur. Çin sənaye sahibkarları ilə işgüzar danışıqlardan sonra Çinə iplik karvanları yola salınmışdır. Fabrikin Avropanın qabaqcıl texnologiyaları – Fransanın NSC Schlumberger, Almaniyanın Zinser, İtaliyanın Savio şirkətlərinin ən müasir avadanlığı ilə təchiz olunmuşdur. Mingəçevir Sənaye Parkı nəzdində inşa ediləcək Corab Məhsulları Fabriki birinci mərhələdə Azərbaycanın corab məhsulları üzrə tələbatının 50 faizini təmin edəcəkdir. İldə 35 milyon cüt corab istehsal olunacaqdır. 533 toxuma dəzgahı quraşdırılacaq həmin fabrikdə Avropanın ən qabaqcıl texnologiyaları tətbiq olunmaqla, dünyada yeganə tikişsiz corab hörgü avadanlığının istehsalçısı olan İtaliyanın Lonatti və Technopea şirkətlərinin dəzgahları quraşdırılacaqdır. Əvvəlcə 500 corab hörgü dəzgahı gətiriləcək, sonra isə dəzgahların sayı iki dəfə artırılacaqdır. 1000 corab hörgü dəzgahının istifadəsi ilə 70 milyon cüt corab istehsal olunacaqdır. Bu sahə üzrə idxaldan asılılıq tam aradan qaldırılacaqdır. Corab Məhsulları Fabrikində 650 yeni iş yeri açılması nəzərdə tutulub. Parkın nəzdində inşa ediləcək Ayaqqabı Fabrikinin illik istehsal gücü 1,5 milyon cüt dəri ayaqqabı və xüsusi təyinatlı işçi ayaqqabıları istehsalı olacaqdır. Bu da demək olar ki, idxaldan asılılığı qismən azaltmış olacaqdır. Açar sözlər: yüngül sənaye, idxal, bazarın tələbləri, texnoloji uğurlar, beynəlxalq bazar.
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Krechmer, Ken. "Cathedrals, libraries and bazaars." In the 2002 ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/508791.508997.

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Lei, Jun-Qing, Hang Xu, and Li-Qun Zou. "Comparative Analysis of Various Kinds Concrete Creep Prediction Models." In 2011 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2011-56010.

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The ratio of bridges to High-speed Railway line in China is very high. The influence of concrete creep to bridge structure is very high, so it is necessary to study creep of concrete in depth. In this thesis, experimental data of four important regions in China are collected, and the curves of concrete creep are analyzed. While, by comparing the domestic and foreign curves of Concrete Creep Prediction Models, the difference between them could be found. In addition, the theory of long-term deformation of concrete obtained by short-time experiment, which is proposed by Professor Bazant is used. According to experimental data, the creep curves are fittd by regression method. Finally, the comparison between common prediction models and Bazants’ theory is carried out, it can be found that the regression value is closed to the measured value.
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Goncalves, Jorge, Simo Hosio, Denzil Ferreira, Theodoros Anagnostopoulos, and Vassilis Kostakos. "Bazaar." In the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2800835.2800974.

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Kamleitner, Bernadette, Stephan Dickert, Marjan Falahrastegar, and Hamed Haddadi. "Information bazaar." In the 5th ACM workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2491159.2491161.

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Adami, Nojan, and Mark Mueckenheim. "Political Bazaar." In 107th ACSA Annual Meeting. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.107.15.

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Pittl, Benedikt, Werner Mach, and Erich Schikuta. "Bazaar-Blockchain: A Blockchain for Bazaar-Based Cloud Markets." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing (SCC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scc.2018.00019.

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Astuti, Fitri, and Nur Sefa Arief Hermawan. "FATIGUE RELATIONS WORK WITH THE PERFORMANCE OF NURSES IN THE HOSPITAL." In International Conference on Public Health and Medical Sciences. Goodwood Conferences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/icophmeds.v1i1.21.

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To determine fatigue relations work with the performance of nurses in the hospital Dr. H. Bob Bazar, SKM Kalianda South Lampung in 2021. The type of research used in this study is quantitative with an observational research design/analytic survey with a Cross Sectional approach. The measuring tool is a questionnaire how to measure it by interview. The results of the study stated that there was a relationship between work fatigue and value (p-value = 0.022), with the performance of nurses at Dr. RSUD. H. Bob Bazar, SKM Kalianda South Lampung in 2021.the research was carried out based on health protocols, so it was quite difficult to interact because they had to keep their distance, use masks so that they seemed uncomfortable and voices were less audible. at RSUD Dr. H. Bob Bazar, SKM Kalianda South Lampung especially for the nurses.
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Yadollahi, S., and S. Weidner. "Iranian historical bazaar as public space. Case study: Tabriz bazaar." In REHAB 2014 - International Conference on Preservation, Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings and Structures. Green Lines Institute for Sustainable Development, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14575/gl/rehab2014/088.

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Reports on the topic "Bazars"

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Ahsan, Monira. 'Angry, hopeless, depressed' - Rohingya voices from Cox's Bazar. Edited by S. Vicknesan. Monash University, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/02b2-d36c.

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Yonally, Emilie, Nadia Butler, Santiago Ripoll, and Olivia Tulloch. Review of the Evidence Landscape on the Risk Communication and Community Engagement Interventions Among the Rohingya Refugees to Enhance Healthcare Seeking Behaviours in Cox's Bazar. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.032.

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This report is the first output in a body of work undertaken to identify operationally feasible suggestions to improve risk communication and community engagement efforts (RCCE) with displaced Rohingya people in Cox’s Bazar. Specifically, these should seek to improve healthcare seeking behaviour and acceptance of essential health services in the camps where the Rohingya reside. It was developed by the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) at the request of the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office in Bangladesh. As a first step in this process, this review paper synthesises and assesses the quality of evidence landscape available in Cox’s Bazar and how the Rohingya seek and access healthcare services in Cox’s Bazar and presents the findings from key informant interviews on the topic. Findings are structured in five discussion sections: (1) evidence quality; (2) major themes and variations in the evidence; (3) learnings drawn and recommendations commonly made; (4) persistent bottlenecks; and (5) areas for further research. This synthesis will inform a roundtable discussion with key actors working for the Rohingya refugees to identify next steps for RCCE and research efforts in Cox’s Bazar to improve health outcomes among the Rohingya.
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Toma, Iulia. Rapid Care Analysis in a Rapid-Onset Emergency: Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Oxfam, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2018.2777.

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Lin, Y. Bazaar Diplomacy: Examining Iran's Nuclear Bargaining Tactics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1059448.

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Echegut, Floriane, and Corrie Sissons. Rapid Protection, Food Security and Market Assessment: Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, November 2017. Oxfam, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2017.5976.

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Talukder, Md Noorunnabi, Abdullah Al Mahmud Shohag, Ishtiak Morshed, Sigma Ainul, Md Irfan Hossain, Mohammad Muktadir Hossain, Sharif M. I. Hossain, and Ubaidur Rob. Soft skills training for Rohingya and host community youth in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Population Council, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2024.1003.

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The Population Council, in collaboration with Research, Training and Management International (RTMI) and Underprivileged Children’s Education Program (UCEP), pilot tested a soft skills training intervention in two Rohingya camps and a vocational training center in the host community in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh in 2022. As a follow-up to the pilot program, the Council along with its partners rolled out soft skills training in four Rohingya camps and a vocational training center in the host community in 2023. The purpose of this training was to improve the personal, social, and financial management skills of Rohingya youth, which would be of use on their return to Myanmar or during their interim period of stay in Bangladesh. In addition, the training was intended to help host-community youth develop financial management skills and life skills.
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Mykhayliv, Natalya. THE SUBJECT OF OF “VOGUE” AND “HARPER’S BAZAAR” MAGAZINES. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11066.

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In the article according to the theory of the subject, patterns of the existence and genesis of the subject of “Vogue” and “Harper’s Bazaar” (USA) magazines was analysed, perspective of the emergence of new subjects was established, classification of the current subjects into universal and synthetic was suggested and some regularities of authorial creation of new subjects was examined. The main objective of the study is to identify patterns of existence of actual and formation of new topics in the Means of Mass Communication on the example of “Vogue” and “Harper’s Bazaar” magazines. In studying of the empiric basis of the research the method of observation is applied; in finding common themes for both publications – a comparative method was used. The method of analysis was used in the decomposition of topics into separate topics; in isolation from the features of the topic, uncharacteristic of a journalistic work – abstraction was applied. The elucidation that the subject appears as a formal verbal expression of a set of homogeneous topics was done by applying the method of formalization. The main results of the research are: obtaining the new classification of topics of “Vogue” and “Harper’s Bazaar” magazines; identification of a significant manifestation of universal themes on the pages of publications; establishment of the basic subjective (deontological) bases of formation of new subjects. A theoretical level of their knowledge will enrich science, equip practice, promote individual and world harmony.
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D’Elia, Gabriella, and Khodeza Akhtar Jahan Rume. Oxfam Fresh Food Voucher Programme: Rohingya refugee response in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, January 2018 – September 2019. Oxfam, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6324.

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In response to the rapid influx of Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar, south-east Bangladesh, Oxfam implemented a Fresh Food Voucher (FFV) programme in August 2017. Vouchers were distributed on a monthly basis from January 2018 to August 2019, with funding from ECHO and the DEC. The intervention aimed to ensure dignified access to a wide range of fresh food for vulnerable and food-insecure refugee households and to improve their nutritional status. The programme also aimed to support the local economy by making goods available from local market vendors, who sourced produce locally where possible. This report presents the key findings of the evaluation of the initiative, with lessons and recommendations. It is hoped that this will prove useful for agencies using voucher programming in the Rohingya response and elsewhere. It is also a contribution to the wider influencing agenda around market-based programming, including cash and vouchers.
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Inman, Kris. Kthimi te bazat e: hulum mit mbi ekstremizmin e. RESOLVE Network, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/rve2021.4.

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Ky kapitull rishikon bazat e hulumtimit, që nga formulimi i një pyetjeje hulumtimi deri tek etika e hulumtimit, të cilat mund të anashkalohen lehtësisht në hulumtimet e aplikuara të kryera për të kuptuar luftën kundër ekstremizmit të dhunshëm (LEDH). Kapitulli paraqet shembuj të praktikave të mira dhe të këqija të hulumtimit, si dhe mënyra praktike për të përmirësuar projektet e hulumtimit duke iu kthyer parimeve themelore për mbledhjen dhe analizën cilësore dhe sasiore të të dhënave. Ndërsa kapitulli mund të shërbejë si një udhëzues praktik për projekte të shëndosha hulumtimi, ai shkon përtej elementeve thelbësore të hulumtimit dhe diskuton arsyet përse këto praktika më të mira hulumtimi janë të rëndësishme për politikëbërësit dhe për të përmirësuar njohuritë tona për luftën kundër terrorizmit të dhunshëm.
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Boris Merinov, Claudio O. Dorso, William A. Goddard III, Jian Wu, and Sossina Haile. COMPUTATIONAL MODELING, SYNTHESIS, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BaZr1-xYxO3-8 SOLID STATE PROTON CONDUCTOR. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833847.

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