Academic literature on the topic 'Bayesian statistical decision theory - Graphic methods'

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Journal articles on the topic "Bayesian statistical decision theory - Graphic methods"

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North, D. W. "Analysis of Uncertainty and Reaching Broad Conclusions." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 7, no. 5 (September 1988): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818809019535.

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Probability theory can provide a general way of reasoning about uncertainty, even when data are sparse or absent. The idea that probabilities can represent judgment is a basic principle for decision analysis and for the Bayesian school of statistics. The use of judgmental probabilities and Bayesian statistical methods for the analysis of toxicological data appears to be promising in reaching broad conclusions for policy and for research planning. Illustrative examples are given using quantal dose-response data from carcinogenicity bioassays for two chemicals, perchloroethylene and alachlor.
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Daniel, Lucky O., Caston Sigauke, Colin Chibaya, and Rendani Mbuvha. "Short-Term Wind Speed Forecasting Using Statistical and Machine Learning Methods." Algorithms 13, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13060132.

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Wind offers an environmentally sustainable energy resource that has seen increasing global adoption in recent years. However, its intermittent, unstable and stochastic nature hampers its representation among other renewable energy sources. This work addresses the forecasting of wind speed, a primary input needed for wind energy generation, using data obtained from the South African Wind Atlas Project. Forecasting is carried out on a two days ahead time horizon. We investigate the predictive performance of artificial neural networks (ANN) trained with Bayesian regularisation, decision trees based stochastic gradient boosting (SGB) and generalised additive models (GAMs). The results of the comparative analysis suggest that ANN displays superior predictive performance based on root mean square error (RMSE). In contrast, SGB shows outperformance in terms of mean average error (MAE) and the related mean average percentage error (MAPE). A further comparison of two forecast combination methods involving the linear and additive quantile regression averaging show the latter forecast combination method as yielding lower prediction accuracy. The additive quantile regression averaging based prediction intervals also show outperformance in terms of validity, reliability, quality and accuracy. Interval combination methods show the median method as better than its pure average counterpart. Point forecasts combination and interval forecasting methods are found to improve forecast performance.
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Domanov, Aleksey. "The Basics of Bayesian Approach to Quantitative Analysis (at the Example of Euroscepticism)." Political Science (RU), no. 1 (2021): 301–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/poln/2021.01.13.

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This article attempts to identify the main assumptions, prerequisites and techniques of the methods developed by some modern statisticians on the basis of T. Bayes' theorem for the purposes of social variables interactions assessment. The author underlined several advantages of the given approach as compared to more traditional quantitative methods and highlighted key research areas subject to evaluation by Bayesian estimates. First of all, this approach is compatible with game and decision theory, event analysis, hidden Markov chains, prediction using neural networks and other predictive algorithms of artificial intelligence. The Bayesian approach differs significantly from traditional statistical methods (first of all, it is focused on finding the most probable, rather than the only true value of the feature coupling coefficient), hence a graphical interpretation was provided for such basic concepts and techniques as probabilistic inference, maximum likelihood estimation and Bayesian confidence network. The described tools were used to test the hypothesis about the impact of life quality decrease on rise in Euroscepticism of EU citizens. ANOVA and correlation analysis of 27 thousand people’s responses to Eurobarometer questions addressed in November-December 2019 attributed strong likelihood to this assumption. Moreover, Bayesian approach allowed for a probabilistic conclusion that this hypothesis is more plausible than the link between Euroscepticism and respondents’ current financial situation (explanatory power of comparison to the past is relatively greater).
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FELGAER, PABLO, PAOLA BRITOS, and RAMÓN GARCÍA-MARTÍNEZ. "PREDICTION IN HEALTH DOMAIN USING BAYESIAN NETWORKS OPTIMIZATION BASED ON INDUCTION LEARNING TECHNIQUES." International Journal of Modern Physics C 17, no. 03 (March 2006): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183106008558.

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A Bayesian network is a directed acyclic graph in which each node represents a variable and each arc a probabilistic dependency; they are used to provide: a compact form to represent the knowledge and flexible methods of reasoning. Obtaining it from data is a learning process that is divided in two steps: structural learning and parametric learning. In this paper we define an automatic learning method that optimizes the Bayesian networks applied to classification, using a hybrid method of learning that combines the advantages of the induction techniques of the decision trees (TDIDT-C4.5) with those of the Bayesian networks. The resulting method is applied to prediction in health domain.
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Scales, John A., and Luis Tenorio. "Prior information and uncertainty in inverse problems." GEOPHYSICS 66, no. 2 (March 2001): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444930.

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Solving any inverse problem requires understanding the uncertainties in the data to know what it means to fit the data. We also need methods to incorporate data‐independent prior information to eliminate unreasonable models that fit the data. Both of these issues involve subtle choices that may significantly influence the results of inverse calculations. The specification of prior information is especially controversial. How does one quantify information? What does it mean to know something about a parameter a priori? In this tutorial we discuss Bayesian and frequentist methodologies that can be used to incorporate information into inverse calculations. In particular we show that apparently conservative Bayesian choices, such as representing interval constraints by uniform probabilities (as is commonly done when using genetic algorithms, for example) may lead to artificially small uncertainties. We also describe tools from statistical decision theory that can be used to characterize the performance of inversion algorithms.
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Zhang, Zhihao, Saksham Chandra, Andrew Kayser, Ming Hsu, and Joshua L. Warren. "A Hierarchical Bayesian Implementation of the Experience-Weighted Attraction Model." Computational Psychiatry 4 (August 2020): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/cpsy_a_00028.

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Social and decision-making deficits are often the first symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders. In recent years, economic games, together with computational models of strategic learning, have been increasingly applied to the characterization of individual differences in social behavior, as well as their changes across time due to disease progression, treatment, or other factors. At the same time, the high dimensionality of these data poses an important challenge to statistical estimation of these models, potentially limiting the adoption of such approaches in patients and special populations. We introduce a hierarchical Bayesian implementation of a class of strategic learning models, experience-weighted attraction (EWA), that is widely used in behavioral game theory. Importantly, this approach provides a unified framework for capturing between- and within-participant variation, including changes associated with disease progression, comorbidity, and treatment status. We show using simulated data that our hierarchical Bayesian approach outperforms representative agent and individual-level estimation methods that are commonly used in extant literature, with respect to parameter estimation and uncertainty quantification. Furthermore, using an empirical dataset, we demonstrate the value of our approach over competing methods with respect to balancing model fit and complexity. Consistent with the success of hierarchical Bayesian approaches in other areas of behavioral science, our hierarchical Bayesian EWA model represents a powerful and flexible tool to apply to a wide range of behavioral paradigms for studying the interplay between complex human behavior and biological factors.
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Prateepasen, Asa, Pakorn Kaewtrakulpong, and Chalermkiat Jirarungsatean. "Semi-Parametric Learning for Classification of Pitting Corrosion Detected by Acoustic Emission." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.549.

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This paper presents a Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) technique, Acoustic Emission (AE) to classify pitting corrosion severity in austenitic stainless steel 304 (SS304). The corrosion severity is graded roughly into five levels based on the depth of corrosion. A number of timedomain AE parameters were extracted and used as features in our classification methods. In this work, we present practical classification techniques based on Bayesian Statistical Decision Theory, namely Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) classifiers. Mixture of Gaussian distributions is used as the class-conditional probability density function for the classifiers. The mixture model has several appealing attributes such as the ability to model any probability density function (pdf) with any precision and the efficiency of parameter-estimation algorithm. However, the model still suffers from model-order-selection and initialization problems which greatly limit its applications. In this work, we introduced a semi-parametric scheme for learning the mixture model which can solve the mentioned difficulties. The method was compared with conventional Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN) and Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) to evaluate its performance. We found that our proposed methods gave much lower classificationerror rate and also far smaller variance of the classifiers.
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Nemykin, O. I. "ALGORITHM FOR SELECTION OF LAUNCH ELEMENTS IN THE PRESENCE OF A PRIORI INFORMATION ABOUT ITS COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE." Issues of radio electronics, no. 3 (March 20, 2018): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2018-3-114-119.

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Traditional methods of the theory of statistical solutions are developed for cases of making single-valued two-alternative or multialternative solutions about the class of an object. Assuming the possibility of ambiguous multi-alternative (in the case of solving the problem of selection of space objects of three-alternative) decisions on the classification of of space objects at the stages of the selection process, a modification of the traditional statistical decision making algorithm is required. Such a modification of the algorithm can be carried out by appropriate selection of the loss function. In the framework of the Bayes approach, an additive loss function is proposed, the structure of which takes into account a priori information on the structure and composition of launch elements in relation to the classes «Launch vehicle» and «spacecraft». The algorithm of decision making is synthesized under the conditions of a priori certainty regarding the probabilistic description of the analyzed situation. It is shown that the problem of verifying three-alternative hypotheses can be reduced to an independent verification of three two-alternative hypotheses, which makes it possible to take particular solutions in the solution process and use a different set of the signs of selection for the formation of solutions for individual classes of space objects. The peculiarities of the implementation of the selection algorithm are discussed in the presence of a priori information and measurement information on starts of a limited volume. The synthesized Bayesian decision making algorithm has the properties necessary to solve the problem of selection of space objects at launch in real conditions in the presence of measuring information specified in the form of a training sample. Its architecture allows to form unambiguous and ambiguous decisions about each space object in the launch.
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Solodov, A. A. "Mathematical Formalization and Algorithmization of the Main Modules of Organizational and Technical Systems." Statistics and Economics 17, no. 4 (September 6, 2020): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2020-4-96-104.

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The purpose of the research is to develop a generalized structural scheme of organizational and technical systems based on the general theory of management, which contains the necessary and sufficient number of modules and formalize on this basis the main management tasks that act as goals of the behavior of the management object. The main modules that directly implement the management process are the status assessment module of organizational and technical systems and the management module. It is shown that in traditional organizational and technical systems, including the decision-maker, the key module is the state assessment module of organizational and technical systems. In this regard, the key aspect of the work is to study the optimal algorithms for evaluating the state of processes occurring in the organizational and technical systems and develop on this basis the principles of mathematical formalization and algorithmization of the status assessment module. The research method is the application of the principles of the theory of statistical estimates of random processes occurring in the organizational and technical systems against the background of interference and the synthesis of algorithms for the functioning of the status assessment module on this basis. It is shown that a characteristic feature of random processes occurring in organizational and technical systems is their essentially discrete nature and Poisson statistics. A mathematical description of the statistical characteristics of point random processes is formulated, which is suitable for solving the main problems of process evaluation and management in organizational and technical systems. The main results were the definition of state space of the organizational and technical systems, the development of a generalized structural scheme of the organizational and technical systems in state space that includes the modules forming the state variable of the module assessment and module management. This mathematical interpretation of the organizational and technical systems structure allowed us to formalize the main problems solved by typical organizational and technical systems and consider optimal algorithms for solving such problems. The assumption when considering the problems of synthesis of optimal algorithms is to optimize the status assessment module of organizational and technical systems and the control module separately, while the main attention is paid to the consideration of optimal estimation algorithms. The formalization and algorithmization of the organizational and technical systems behavior is undertaken mainly in terms of the Bayesian criterion of optimal statistical estimates. Various methods of overcoming a priori uncertainty typical for the development of real organizational and technical systems are indicated. Methods of adaptation are discussed, including Bayesian adaptation of the decision-making procedure under conditions of a priori uncertainty. Using a special case of the Central limit theorem, an asymptotic statistical relationship between the mentioned point processes and traditional Gaussian processes is established. As an example, a nontrivial problem of optimal detection of Poisson signal against a background of Poisson noise is considered; graphs of the potential noise immunity of this algorithm are calculated and presented. The corresponding references are given to the previously obtained results of estimates of Poisson processes. For automatic organizational and technical systems, the generally accepted criteria for the quality of management of such systems are specified. The result of the review is a classification of methods for formalization and algorithmization of problems describing the behavior of organizational and technical systems.
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Liu, Shengjie, Jun Gao, Yuling Zheng, Lei Huang, and Fangrong Yan. "Bayesian Two-Stage Adaptive Design in Bioequivalence." International Journal of Biostatistics 16, no. 1 (July 16, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijb-2018-0105.

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AbstractBioequivalence (BE) studies are an integral component of new drug development process, and play an important role in approval and marketing of generic drug products. However, existing design and evaluation methods are basically under the framework of frequentist theory, while few implements Bayesian ideas. Based on the bioequivalence predictive probability model and sample re-estimation strategy, we propose a new Bayesian two-stage adaptive design and explore its application in bioequivalence testing. The new design differs from existing two-stage design (such as Potvin’s method B, C) in the following aspects. First, it not only incorporates historical information and expert information, but further combines experimental data flexibly to aid decision-making. Secondly, its sample re-estimation strategy is based on the ratio of the information in interim analysis to total information, which is simpler in calculation than the Potvin’s method. Simulation results manifested that the two-stage design can be combined with various stop boundary functions, and the results are different. Moreover, the proposed method saves sample size compared to the Potvin’s method under the conditions that type I error rate is below 0.05 and statistical power reaches 80 %.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bayesian statistical decision theory - Graphic methods"

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馮榮錦 and Wing-kam Tony Fung. "Analysis of outliers using graphical and quasi-Bayesian methods." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31230842.

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Armstrong, Helen School of Mathematics UNSW. "Bayesian estimation of decomposable Gaussian graphical models." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mathematics, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24295.

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This thesis explains to statisticians what graphical models are and how to use them for statistical inference; in particular, how to use decomposable graphical models for efficient inference in covariance selection and multivariate regression problems. The first aim of the thesis is to show that decomposable graphical models are worth using within a Bayesian framework. The second aim is to make the techniques of graphical models fully accessible to statisticians. To achieve these aims the thesis makes a number of statistical contributions. First, it proposes a new prior for decomposable graphs and a simulation methodology for estimating this prior. Second, it proposes a number of Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling schemes based on graphical techniques. The thesis also presents some new graphical results, and some existing results are reproved to make them more readily understood. Appendix 8.1 contains all the programs written to carry out the inference discussed in the thesis, together with both a summary of the theory on which they are based and a line by line description of how each routine works.
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Fung, Wing-kam Tony. "Analysis of outliers using graphical and quasi-Bayesian methods /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1236146X.

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Thaithara, Balan Sreekumar. "Bayesian methods for astrophysical data analysis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607847.

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Metcalfe, Leanne N. "Bayesian methods in determining health burdens." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31809.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Vidakovic, Brani; Committee Member: Griffin, Paul; Committee Member: Kemp, Charlie; Committee Member: Sprigle, Stephen; Committee Member: Villivalam, Arun. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Pei, Xin, and 裴欣. "Bayesian approach to road safety analyses." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46591989.

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Chiu, Jing-Er. "Applications of bayesian methods to arthritis research /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3036813.

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Chan, Ka Hou. "Bayesian methods for solving linear systems." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2493250.

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Lau, Wai Kwong. "Bayesian nonparametric methods for some econometric problems /." View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ISMT%202005%20LAU.

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Larocque, Jean-René. "Advanced bayesian methods for array signal processing /." *McMaster only, 2001.

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Books on the topic "Bayesian statistical decision theory - Graphic methods"

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Modeling and reasoning with Bayesian networks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Nir, Friedman, ed. Probabilistic graphical models: Principles and techniques. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010.

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Portinale, Luigi. Modeling and analysis of dependable systems: A probabilistic graphical model perspective. New Jersey: World Scientific, 2015.

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P, Tsokos Chris, ed. Bayesian theory and methods with applications. Amsterdam: Atlantis Press, 2011.

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McCarthy, Michael A. Bayesian Methods for Ecology. Leiden: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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Hobson, M. P. Bayesian methods in cosmology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Congdon, P. Applied Bayesian hierarchical methods. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2010.

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Congdon, P. Applied Bayesian hierarchical methods. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2010.

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Bayesian methods for repeated measures. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Bayesian methods for measures of agreement. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bayesian statistical decision theory - Graphic methods"

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Whitehead, John. "Using Bayesian Decision Theory in Dose-Escalation Studies." In Statistical Methods for Dose-Finding Experiments, 149–71. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470861258.ch7.

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"Bayesian Statistical Analysis II: Bayesian Hypothesis Testing and Decision Theory." In Contemporary Bayesian and Frequentist Statistical Research Methods for Natural Resource Scientists, 81–92. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470185094.ch3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bayesian statistical decision theory - Graphic methods"

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Ciabarri, Fabio, Marco Pirrone, and Cristiano Tarchiani. "ANALYTICAL UNCERTAINTY PROPAGATION IN FACIES CLASSIFICATION WITH UNCERTAIN LOG-DATA." In 2021 SPWLA 62nd Annual Logging Symposium Online. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2021-0071.

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Log-facies classification aims to predict a vertical profile of facies at well location with log readings or rock properties calculated in the formation evaluation and/or rock-physics modeling analysis as input. Various classification approaches are described in the literature and new ones continue to appear based on emerging Machine Learning techniques. However, most of the available classification methods assume that the inputs are accurate and their inherent uncertainty, related to measurement errors and interpretation steps, is usually neglected. Accounting for facies uncertainty is not a mere exercise in style, rather it is fundamental for the purpose of understanding the reliability of the classification results, and it also represents a critical information for 3D reservoir modeling and/or seismic characterization processes. This is particularly true in wells characterized by high vertical heterogeneity of rock properties or thinly bedded stratigraphy. Among classification methods, probabilistic classifiers, which relies on the principle of Bayes decision theory, offer an intuitive way to model and propagate measurements/rock properties uncertainty into the classification process. In this work, the Bayesian classifier is enhanced such that the most likely classification of facies is expressed by maximizing the integral product between three probability functions. The latters describe: (1) the a-priori information on facies proportion (2) the likelihood of a set of measurements/rock properties to belong to a certain facies-class and (3) the uncertainty of the inputs to the classifier (log data or rock properties derived from them). Reliability of the classification outcome is therefore improved by accounting for both the global uncertainty, related to facies classes overlap in the classification model, and the depth-dependent uncertainty related to log data. As derived in this work, the most interesting feature of the proposed formulation, although generally valid for any type of probability functions, is that it can be analytically solved by representing the input distributions as a Gaussian mixture model and their related uncertainty as an additive white Gaussian noise. This gives a robust, straightforward and fast approach that can be effortlessly integrated in existing classification workflows. The proposed classifier is tested in various well-log characterization studies on clastic depositional environments where Monte-Carlo realizations of rock properties curves, output of a statistical formation evaluation analysis, are used to infer rock properties distributions. Uncertainty on rock properties, modeled as an additive white Gaussian noise, are then statistically estimated (independently at each depth along the well profile) from the ensemble of Monte-Carlo realizations. At the same time, a classifier, based on a Gaussian mixture model, is parametrically inferred from the pointwise mean of the Monte Carlo realizations given an a-priori reference profile of facies. Classification results, given by the a-posteriori facies proportion and the maximum a-posteriori prediction profiles, are finally computed. The classification outcomes clearly highlight that neglecting uncertainty leads to an erroneous final interpretation, especially at the transition zone between different facies. As mentioned, this become particularly remarkable in complex environments and highly heterogeneous scenarios.
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