Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bayer liquors

Academic literature on the topic 'Bayer liquors'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bayer liquors"

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Raiguel, Stijn, Wim Dehaen, and Koen Binnemans. "Extraction of gallium from simulated Bayer process liquor by Kelex 100 dissolved in ionic liquids." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 11 (2020): 3532–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt04623b.

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Königsberger, Erich, Sebastian Bochmann, Peter M. May, and Glenn Hefter. "Thermodynamics of impurities in hydrometallurgical processes." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 5 (April 7, 2011): 1075–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-11-02-07.

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Impurities in hydrometallurgical process liquors frequently impact on product quality and yield, change physicochemical properties of the liquor, and form hard scale on heat exchangers and condensers. Organic compounds are of particular concern especially in the Bayer process, where impurities build up in the recycled liquor if not controlled. Depending on the redox state of the liquor, such compounds can undergo a variety of complex chemical reactions, including the formation of volatiles that can potentially cause environmental, health, and safety concerns. To aid in the development of appropriate control strategies, robust thermodynamic models for multicomponent aqueous systems containing large numbers of electrolytes and nonelectrolytes are required. Applications of thermodynamic models are discussed that range from the partitioning of volatile compounds in flash trains to the prediction of mixing properties of organic impurities with major Bayer liquor components.
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Jones, F., J. B. Farrow, and W. van Bronswijk. "Flocculation of haematite in synthetic Bayer liquors." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 135, no. 1-3 (April 1998): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7757(97)00240-9.

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Sipos, P., P. M. May, G. T. Heffer, and I. Kron. "The ultraviolet absorption spectra of synthetic bayer liquors." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 20 (1994): 2355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39940002355.

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Lee, Sung Oh, Kyoung Hun Jung, Chi Jung Oh, Yeon Ho Lee, Tam Tran, and Myong Jun Kim. "Precipitation of fine aluminium hydroxide from Bayer liquors." Hydrometallurgy 98, no. 1-2 (August 2009): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2009.04.014.

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Prestidge, Clive A., Igor Ametov, and Jonas Addai-Mensah. "Rheological investigations of gibbsite particles in synthetic Bayer liquors." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 157, no. 1-3 (October 1999): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7757(98)00774-2.

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Königsberger, Erich, Gunnar Eriksson, Peter M. May, and Glenn Hefter. "Comprehensive Model of Synthetic Bayer Liquors. Part 1. Overview." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 44, no. 15 (July 2005): 5805–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie050024k.

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Dorin, R., and E. J. Frazer. "The electrodeposition of gallium from synthetic Bayer-process liquors." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 18, no. 1 (January 1988): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01016217.

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Riveros, P. A. "Recovery of gallium from Bayer liquors with an amidoxime resin." Hydrometallurgy 25, no. 1 (January 1990): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-386x(90)90060-f.

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Königsberger, Erich, Lan-Chi Königsberger, Glenn Hefter, and Peter M. May. "Zdanovskii’s Rule and Isopiestic Measurements Applied to Synthetic Bayer Liquors." Journal of Solution Chemistry 36, no. 11-12 (October 23, 2007): 1619–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10953-007-9208-4.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bayer liquors"

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Lu, Qing. "Corrosion behaviour and characterisation of iron and steels in hot flowing Bayer liquors." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682781.

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The flow-induced corrosion of steels, in flowing caustic Bayer liquor solutions at high temperatures, has been experienced in Bayer alumina production plants. The use of a rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) in an autoclave facility has been identified by previous workers as a suitable method to simulate the plant conditions. The characterisation of the corrosion behaviour of iron, mild steel and duplex stainless steel was investigated by using a RCE, in the temperature range of 100 to 230C^ and equivalent pipe velocities between 0.84 to 3m/s. Techniques such as, weight loss, polarisation measurement, ac impedance and surface analysis, were used to characterise corrosion behaviour during the experiments and also the corrosion products formed. The corrosion rates measured by weight loss techniques were in agreement with those obtained by using ac impedance measurements. At ISOC^ , the corrosion rates and the surface film morphologies of iron and mild steel have been found to vary significantly with the liquor flow velocity. This is in agreement with the proposed model of the process based on the active dissolution of the metals. However, for duplex stainless steel, the behaviour was different with little change observed between corrosion rates under the conditions studied. Corrosion processes including dissolution accompanied by adsorption, active-passive transition and passivation, were interpreted through a series of equivalent circuits. The combined effect of temperature and velocity on corrosion rate was demonstrated by the construction of corrosion maps for the materials tested. This method may be a useful way of providing a guide to optimise the process conditions in high temperature flowing environments such as those found in Bayer plants.
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Chiang, Yu-Lun. "Antisolvent gibbsite crystallisation from synthetic Bayer liquor." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8927.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-49).
The current Bayer precipitation of gibbsite is notoriously slow and is considered to be the rate limiting step of the Bayer process. The present industrial reactor configuration involves precipitating gibbsite inside a series of large stainless steel agitated vessels due to the slow precipitation kinetics of gibbsite from pregnant Bayer liquor. The scope of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of using water as an antisolvent to increase the overall gibbsite yield and the associated particle behaviours under isothermal conditions. The experiments were performed in a series of batch experiments which were divided into two subsets. Firstly, the effect of different caustic concentrations present in the anti solvent on gibbsite yield was tested. Secondly, the effect of different seed loading (50 and 100 grams seeds per liter of synthetic liquor) on aggregation and fines formation were investigated. All batch experiments were conducted isothermally at 80°C under a closed system using a baffled stainless steel 316 agitated vessel. The experimental results indicated water to be a feasible medium for the isothermal antisolvent crystallisation of gibbsite from synthetic pregnant Bayer liquor. It was found that the extent of overall gibbsite yield exhibits a power law correlation to the change in the antisolvent caustic concentration with R2 ～1 (R2 = 0.99974). This finding is important as the regressed curve will be used to correlate gibbsite yield as a function of anti solvent purity. From the seed loading experiments, an Increase In seed loading under constant temperature and initial liquor supersaturation resulted in an overall decrease in product particle size due to a rise in inter-particulate attrition. However, crystal growth was not dominant during any period of the experiments with aggregation being more prominent for the system with the lower seed load. Gibbsite morphology determination from SEM revealed hexagonal solids which, in the presence of a higher seed loading indicated signs of fracture due to attrition. Quantitative evidence of this mechanism is shown USIng the discretised population balance method by Bramley et al. (1996) with the aid of the computational technique developed by Hounslow (2005) in Mathematica. Results generated using this method show decreasing aggregation with liquor de supersaturation and increased seed loading. The overall particle behaviours from the current investigation are validated by results obtained from previous gibbsite studies under very similar conditions. Although the gibbsite yield can be increased drastically in the presence of an anti solvent, the average particle size generated from this study is still too small to be commercially feasible due to the increase in initial supersaturation. Thus it is recommended that further particle size optimisation may be conducted inside a fluidised bed reactor where particles generally experience lower shear than inside a conventional agitated vessel.
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Lee, Mei-yin. "The mechanism of gibbsite crystal growth in Bayer liquor." Curtin University of Technology, School of Applied Chemistry, 1998. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10719.

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Although the precipitation of aluminium trihydroxide as gibbsite, via the Bayer process has been widely studied, the mechanism of crystal growth is poorly understood. This work focus on the morphology of gibbsite and the relative growth rates of individual crystal faces.Initial work was carried out to characterize aluminium trihydroxide and it was found that bayerite, another polymorph, precipitated at temperatures below 50 [degrees] C and its morphology depended on the method of precipitation. Gibbsite however, precipitated above this temperature and its morphology depended on the type of alkali aluminate solutions used. The method of precipitation does not affect the morphology, only the size of the precipitate formed. The morphology of gibbsite can be altered by the addition of organic compounds which are known to inhibit gibbsite precipitation. Some of these compounds were found to selectively inhibit the growth of individual crystal faces, thus altering the overall morphology of gibbsite. Boehmite, a polymorph of aluminium hydroxide, can be produced by partial dehydration of gibbsite at 300T. The morphology of boehmite consisted of diamond shaped crystals.The influence of cation incorporation on the morphology of gibbsite was studied experimentally and computationally (molecular modelling). These studies showed that there is a linear relationship between the amount of cation incorporated and atomic radii and between the amount of cation incorporated and the defect energy calculated. The equilibrium morphology of gibbsite predicted in the absence of media matched the morphology of gibbsite grown slowly from sodium aluminate, implying that the amount of sodium incorporation is low in these crystals.The growth rates of individual crystal faces were measured in situ, and found to be a function of supersaturation squared for the prismatic faces, possibly indicating ++
that E growth occurs by spiral growth mechanism. The growth of the basal face was found to follow the spiral growth mechanism below a relative supersaturation of 0.815 and the birth and spread mechanism above this level. The activation energies and kinetic coefficients for the individual prismatic faces were also determined.Growth rate dispersion was observed in these microscopic studies, but the question of size dependency remains unanswered.The overall growth rates of gibbsite crystal, determined using rapid dynamic light scattering, was found to be an exponential function of supersaturation indicative of a birth and spread growth mechanism.
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Tardio, James Andrew, and james tardio@rmit edu au. "Low temperature wet oxidation and catalytic wet oxidation of specific organic compounds in highly alkaline solution (synthetic Bayer liquor)." RMIT University. Applied Chemistry, 2002. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091126.122251.

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Low temperature (165°C) Wet Oxidation (WO) and Catalytic Wet Oxidation (CWO) of 12 organic compounds has been studied in highly alkaline, high ionic strength solution (simulating that encountered in the Bayer process used to refine alumina) for the first time. Most (11 out of 12) of the 12 organic compounds studied (formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, citric, lactic, malic and tartaric acids) have been identified in various worldwide Bayer liquors. The various aspects of WO and CWO studied for each of the above-mentioned compounds were as follows; -Extent of complete oxidation to carbonate (i.e. extent of removal of organic compound) -Extent of overall oxidation (i.e. extent of complete oxidation and partial oxidation to stable products) -The product(s) formed from partial (incomplete) oxidation -The reaction mechanism occurring -Why certain compounds undergo low temperature WO and/or CWO in highly alkaline, high ionic strength solution -The ability of various transition metal oxides to catalyse the WO of the selected organic compounds Of the 12 organic compounds studied only six (formic, malonic, citric, lactic, malic and tartaric acids) underwent appreciable (>2% overall oxidation) WO in isolation under the reaction conditions used (4.4 -7.0 M NaOH, 165°C, 500 kPa Po₂, 2 hours). Each of these six compounds underwent some complete oxidation and therefore can be partly removed from highly alkaline, high ionic strength solution using low temperature WO. The order of extent of complete oxidation determined was as follows tartaric> citric> malonic> formic> lactic> malic. All of these compounds also underwent some partial oxidation under the reaction conditions used, excluding formic acid, which only underwent complete oxidation. Oxalic acid was a major product of partial oxidation of all of the above-mentioned compounds (excluding formic acid), while acetic acid was a major product of partial oxidation of citric, lactic, malic and tartaric acids. The WO of formic, malonic, citric, lactic, malic and tartaric acids varied considerably with NaOH concentration over the NaOH concentration range studied (4.4 - 7.0 M). The extent of overall oxidation undergone by each of these compounds increased significantly with increasing NaOH concentration. All of the compounds that underwent appreciable WO under the reaction conditions studied contained hydrogen(s) significantly more acidic then the compounds that did not undergo appreciable WO, thus indicating that only organic compounds that contain acidic (albeit weakly acidic) hydrogens undergo low temperature (165°C) WO in highly alkaline, high ionic strength solution. Two different reaction mechanisms were identified to occur during low temperature WO in highly alkaline, high ionic strength solution. Malonic and formic acids underwent WO predominantly via a free radical based reaction mechanism, while citric, lactic, malic and tartaric acids underwent WO predominantly via an ionic based reaction mechanism. The six organic compounds that did not undergo appreciable WO in isolation (acetic, propionic, butyric, oxalic, succinic and glutaric acids) all underwent appreciable WO when in the presence of malonic acid undergoing low temperature WO. Hence, low temperature WO of all of the above-mentioned compounds can be initiated by free radical intermediates produced by malonic acid undergoing WO in highly alkaline, high ionic strength solution. The ability of several transition metal oxides to catalyse the WO of the chosen 12 organic compounds was investigated. Of the transition metal oxides studied CuO was clearly the most active. Five of the organic compounds studied (malonic, citric, lactic, malic and tartaric acids) were catalytically wet oxidised by CuO in highly alkaline, high ionic strength solution in isolation. The order of catalytic activity observed was malonic > tartaric> lactic> malic> citric. Two different catalytic reaction mechanisms were identified for CuO catalysed WO in highly alkaline solution for the organic compounds studied. CuO catalysed the WO of malonic acid predominantly by catalysing the formation of free radical intermediates. CuO catalysed the WO of citric, lactic, malic and tartaric acids predominantly via a complexation-based reaction mechanism.
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Roese, Stefanie [Verfasser], Heinz [Akademischer Betreuer] Hövel, and Manfred [Gutachter] Bayer. "Stabilization and aggregation of preformed silver clusters in room temperature ionic liquids: a UV/Vis and X-ray absorption spectroscopy study / Stefanie Roese ; Gutachter: Manfred Bayer ; Betreuer: Heinz Hövel." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1149920459/34.

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Koch, Sandra [Verfasser], Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Reuter, Walter [Akademischer Betreuer] Neu, and Gottfried H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Bauer. "Qualitative and quantitative trace analysis on liquids and solid samples by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) / Sandra Koch. Betreuer: Rainer Reuter ; Walter Neu ; Gottfried H. Bauer." Oldenburg : BIS der Universität Oldenburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/104865138X/34.

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Li, Jun. "Influence of alkali metal ion on gibbsite crystallization from synthetic bayer liquors." 2000. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/46669.

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The Bayer process for the production of alumina (A1203) from bauxite involves a perennial gibbsite (y-Al(OH)3) precipitation step, relating to an inherently slow crystal growth from supersaturated sodium aluminate solutions (pregnant Bayer liquors). The kinetics and mechanisms involved in the transformation of the tetrahydroxo, Al(III)-containing species in solution into octahedrally-coordinated Al(OH)3 crystals in the presence of NA+ and excess of ions, are as yet not fully known. To gain further knowledge and better understanding of the nature of solution species, their specific interaction and participation in the gibbsite crystallization mechanisms, the role alkali ions play in the kinetic behaviour and mechanisms of nucleation, growth and aggregation/agglomeration from caustic aluminate solutions of industrial strength has been investigated.
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Books on the topic "Bayer liquors"

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The boozy baker: 75 recipes for spirited sweets. Philadelphia: Running Press, 2010.

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Fournier, Lionel. A study of surface films formed on steels in industrial and simulated Bayer liquor. Manchester: UMIST, 1995.

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J, MacDonald D., and Reno Research Center (United States. Bureau of Mines), eds. Removal of organic matter from bauxite or Bayer leach liquors. Reno, Nev: Reno Research Center, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bayer liquors"

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Dewey, John L. "Boiling Point Rise of Bayer Plant Liquors." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 155–61. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118647868.ch20.

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Dewey, John L. "Boiling Point Rise of Bayer Plant Liquors." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 155–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48176-0_20.

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Young, Robert C. "Chemistry of Bayer Liquor Causticization." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 217–27. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118647868.ch29.

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Young, Robert C. "Chemistry of Bayer Liquor Causticisation." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 217–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48176-0_29.

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Lever, Gordon. "Identification of Organics in Bayer Liquor." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 184–90. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118647868.ch24.

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Guthrie, J. D., P. J. The, and W. D. Imbrogno. "Characterization of Organics in Bayer Liquor." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 268–77. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118647868.ch36.

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Lever, Gordon. "Identification of Organics in Bayer Liquor." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 184–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48176-0_24.

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Guthrie, J. D., P. J. The, and W. D. Imbrogno. "Characterization of Organics in Bayer Liquor." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 268–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48176-0_36.

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Schiller, Eddie L. "Solubility of Bayer Liquor Impurities in Evaporative Crystallization." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 198–201. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118647868.ch26.

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Schiller, Eddie L. "Solubility of Bayer Liquor Impurities in Evaporative Crystallization." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 198–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48176-0_26.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bayer liquors"

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de Gonzalo, Gonzalo, Cristina Rodriguez, and Vicente Gotor. "Immobilization of Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases in presence of ionic liquids, a simple approach for enzyme recycling." In The 20th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-20-f004.

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