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Bhatta, Dilli. "A Bayesian Test of Independence for Two-way Contingency Tables Under Cluster Sampling." Digital WPI, 2013. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/128.
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We consider a Bayesian approach to the study of independence in a two-way contingency table obtained from a two-stage cluster sampling design. We study the association between two categorical variables when (a) there are no covariates and (b) there are covariates at both unit and cluster levels. Our main idea for the Bayesian test of independence is to convert the cluster sample into an equivalent simple random sample which provides a surrogate of the original sample. Then, this surrogate sample is used to compute the Bayes factor to make an inference about independence. For the test of independence without covariates, the Rao-Scott corrections to the standard chi-squared (or likelihood ratio) statistic were developed. They are ``large sample' methods and provide appropriate inference when there are large cell counts. However, they are less successful when there are small cell counts. We have developed the methodology to overcome the limitations of Rao-Scott correction. We have used a hierarchical Bayesian model to convert the observed cluster samples to simple random samples. This provides the surrogate samples which can be used to derive the distribution of the Bayes factor to make an inference about independence. We have used a sampling-based method to fit the model. For the test of independence with covariates, we first convert the cluster sample with covariates to a cluster sample without covariates. We use multinomial logistic regression model with random effects to accommodate the cluster effects. Our idea is to fit the cluster samples to the random effect models and predict the new samples by adjusting with the covariates. This provides the cluster sample without covariates. We then use a hierarchical Bayesian model to convert this cluster sample to a simple random sample which allows us to calculate the Bayes factor to make an inference about independence. We use Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to fit our models. We apply our first method to the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (1995) for third grade U.S. students in which we study the association between the mathematics test scores and the communities the students come from, and science test scores and the communities the students come from. We also provide a simulation study which establishes our methodology as a viable alternative to the Rao-Scott approximations for relatively small two-stage cluster samples. We apply our second method to the data from the Trend in International Mathematics and Science Study (2007) for fourth grade U.S. students to assess the association between the mathematics and science scores represented as categorical variables and also provide the simulation study. The result shows that if there is strong association between two categorical variables, there is no difference between the significance of the test in using the model (a) with covariates and (b) without covariates. However, in simulation studies, there is a noticeable difference in the significance of the test between the two models when there are borderline cases (i.e., situations where there is marginal significance).
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Wang, David I.-Chung. "Speaker diarization : "who spoke when"." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/59624/1/David_Wang_Thesis.pdf.
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Speaker diarization is the process of annotating an input audio with information that attributes temporal regions of the audio signal to their respective sources, which may include both speech and non-speech events. For speech regions, the diarization system also specifies the locations of speaker boundaries and assign relative speaker labels to each homogeneous segment of speech. In short, speaker diarization systems effectively answer the question of ‘who spoke when’.
There are several important applications for speaker diarization technology, such as facilitating speaker indexing systems to allow users to directly access the relevant segments of interest within a given audio, and assisting with other downstream processes such as summarizing and parsing. When combined with automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems, the metadata extracted from a speaker diarization system can provide complementary information for ASR transcripts including the location of speaker turns and relative speaker segment labels, making the transcripts more readable. Speaker diarization output can also be used to localize the instances of specific speakers to pool data for model adaptation, which in turn boosts transcription accuracies. Speaker diarization therefore plays an important role as a preliminary step in automatic transcription of audio data.
The aim of this work is to improve the usefulness and practicality of speaker diarization technology, through the reduction of diarization error rates. In particular, this research is focused on the segmentation and clustering stages within a diarization system. Although particular emphasis is placed on the broadcast news audio domain and systems developed throughout this work are also trained and tested on broadcast news data, the techniques proposed in this dissertation are also applicable to other domains including telephone conversations and meetings audio.
Three main research themes were pursued: heuristic rules for speaker segmentation, modelling uncertainty in speaker model estimates, and modelling uncertainty in eigenvoice speaker modelling.
The use of heuristic approaches for the speaker segmentation task was first investigated, with emphasis placed on minimizing missed boundary detections. A set of heuristic rules was proposed, to govern the detection and heuristic selection of candidate speaker segment boundaries. A second pass, using the same heuristic algorithm with a smaller window, was also proposed with the aim of improving detection of boundaries around short speaker segments. Compared to single threshold based methods, the proposed heuristic approach was shown to provide improved segmentation performance, leading to a reduction in the overall diarization error rate.
Methods to model the uncertainty in speaker model estimates were developed, to address the difficulties associated with making segmentation and clustering decisions with limited data in the speaker segments. The Bayes factor, derived specifically for multivariate Gaussian speaker modelling, was introduced to account for the uncertainty of the speaker model estimates. The use of the Bayes factor also enabled the incorporation of prior information regarding the audio to aid segmentation and clustering decisions.
The idea of modelling uncertainty in speaker model estimates was also extended to the eigenvoice speaker modelling framework for the speaker clustering task. Building on the application of Bayesian approaches to the speaker diarization problem, the proposed approach takes into account the uncertainty associated with the explicit estimation of the speaker factors. The proposed decision criteria, based on Bayesian theory, was shown to generally outperform their non- Bayesian counterparts.
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Yu, Yuan. "Tests of Independence in a Single 2x2 Contingency Table with Random Margins." Digital WPI, 2014. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/625.
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In analysis of the contingency tables, the Fisher's exact test is a very important statistical significant test that is commonly used to test independence between the two variables. However, the Fisher' s exact test is based upon the assumption of the fixed margins. That is, the Fisher's exact test uses information beyond the table so that it is conservative. To solve this problem, we allow the margins to be random. This means that instead of fitting the count data to the hypergeometric distribution as in the Fisher's exact test, we model the margins and one cell using multinomial distribution, and then we use the likelihood ratio to test the hypothesis of independence. Furthermore, using Bayesian inference, we consider the Bayes factor as another test statistic. In order to judge the test performance, we compare the power of the likelihood ratio test, the Bayes factor test and the Fisher's exact test. In addition, we use our methodology to analyse data gathered from the Worcester Heart Attack Study to assess gender difference in the therapeutic management of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by selected demographic and clinical characteristics.
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zheng, jiayin. "Calibrated Bayes Factor and Bayesian Model Averaging." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1518632917560265.
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Dávila, Calderón Ruben. "Creación de valor sobre la base del factor humano." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/333085.
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El desarrollo y crecimiento de los negocios basa su consolidación en aspectos duros tanto como blandos, el tema es que los procedimientos duros como la tecnología cada vez son más símiles, adquiribles, mejorables, y de fácil implementación por parte de las organizaciones. El encontrar los “Tips” que permitan identificar aquellos elementos de la gestión de personas que agregan valor al negocio, sin duda se constituye en nuestros días en un factor determinante y estratégico en los negocios; por ende el presente documento presenta una aproximación de aquellos puntos de enlace que conectan el área de Recursos Humanos con las diferentes áreas “Core” y de soporte que dan base y estructura a la empresa.Por los resultados encontrados producto de la investigación realizada, podemos afirmar que lo que en algún tiempo fue una intención, luego una oportunidad de negocio, hoy se vuelve imperiosa y decisiva para considerar una empresa exitosa y con proyección.
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Trout, Alvin McKinley. "Further Study of the Gravity Loading Base Test Method." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35025.
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Presently, the industry accepted method for determining the positive moment strength of gravity loaded standing seam metal roof systems is the "Base Test Method". The Base Test Method provides a means for determining the positive moment strength of a multiple span, multiple purlin line standing seam roof system using the results from a set of six single span, simply supported, two-purlin line experimental tests. A set of six base tests must be conducted for each combination of purlin profile, deck panel profile, clip type, and intermediate bracing configuration. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of eliminating some of the roof system parameters specifically, clip type, purlin flange width, and roof panel thickness.
This study used the results from nine series of tests. Each series consists of 11 to 14 gravity loaded base tests. The first three series were used to examine the effects of clip type on the strength of standing seam roof system. The final six series was used to examine the effects of flange width and roof panel thickness. All nine series were constructed using Z-purlin sections with flanges facing the same direction (like orientation).
Based on the results of this study, clip type, purlin flange width, and roof panel thickness all have an effect on the strength of standing seam roof systems. Although none of the roof components can be completely eliminated from the required test matrix, by using trend relationships an acceptable test protocol was developed that results in a significant reduction in the number of required base tests.
Master of Science
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Amiss, Julie E. "Bayes factors : comparisons, simulation methods and influence." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1014/.
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Shi, Xiaomeng Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Joint base-calling of two DNA sequences with factor graphs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45868.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-65).
The advent of DNA sequencing has revolutionized biological research by providing virtual blueprints of living organisms and offering insights into complicated biochemical processes. DNA sequencing is a process encompassing both chemical reactions and signal processing techniques to identify the order of chemical bases in a DNA molecule. In this thesis, we focus on the base-calling stage, during which base order is estimated from data collected through electrophoresis and florescence detection. In particular, we examine the possibility of jointly base-calling two superposed DNA sequences by applying the sum-product algorithm on factor graphs. This approach allows a single electrophoresis experiment to process two sequences, using the same quantity of reagents and machine hours as for a single sequence. A practical heuristic is first used to estimate the peak parameters, then separate those into two sequences (major/minor) by passing messages on a factor graph. Base-calling on the major alone yields accuracy commensurate with single sequence approaches, and joint base-calling provides results for the minor which, while being of lesser quality, incurs no additional cost and can be ultimately used in the genome assembly process.
by Xiaomeng Shi.
S.M.
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Passiketopoulos, Prodromos Bolliet Louis. "Concepts de base et utilisation du réseau local industriel Factor." S.l. : Université Grenoble 1, 2008. http://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-00322953.
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Tétin, Sébastien. "Microcapteurs chimiques à base de micropoutres en silicium modi?ées à l’aide de matériaux inorganiques microporeux." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13926/document.
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Afin d'optimiser l'utilisation des micropoutres en tant que capteurs chimiques, de nouvelles couches sensibles à base de matériaux microporeux ont été testées pour la détection d'humidité, de toluène et d'éthanol. Des essais sans couches sensibles ont aussi été effectués et des modèles simples ont été mis au point afin de prédire la réponse des micropoutres lors d'un changement d'environnement. Ces études ont donc permis la mise en oeuvre des micropoutres selon deux principes de détections différents: l'un reposant sur la variation de masse du capteur à base de micropoutre lors de l'absorption de composé par une couche sensible; l'autre reposant sur la détection de changements de propriétés physiques du fluide environnantIn order to optimize the use of microcantilever in the way of chemical sensing, microporous sensitive coatings have been tried to detect ethanol, toluene and humidity. The use of microcantilever without sensitive coating have been performed and simple models has been made and permit to predict the response of microcantilever in different environments. These studies rely on the use of microcantilever within two different detection mode: the detection of mass variation of the sensor because of the sorption of species in sensitive coating; and the detection of the change of physical properties of the fluid
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Thomas, Jacob. "A study of factors controlling pH in Arctic tundra soils." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-163364.
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In Arctic tundra soils pH serves as an important parameter related to several biotic parameters such as, plant and microbial community composition, biodiversity, nutrient dynamics and productivity. Both abiotic and biotic factors, for instance, base saturation (BS) and plant nutrient uptake may exert a control on soil pH, while it is still unclear to what extent different factors can explain soil pH across different tundra vegetation types. The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent different abiotic and biotic factors influence soil pH in the humus layer across different tundra vegetation types. To do so, eight different tundra vegetation types of which four were underlaid by permafrost (Arctic Alaska) and four with no permafrost (Arctic Sweden) were studied in detail with regard to different properties affecting soil pH. I found that BS was the main factor controlling soil pH across the different vegetation types regardless if the soil was underlain by permafrost or not. Factors, such as, ionic strength or soil water content could not explain any overall pH variation and did only significantly affect the heath soils. Further, the uptake of the most abundant base cations (Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+) from meadow and heath vegetation revealed a high difference between plant functional groups within the same vegetation types. The higher dominance of slow growing woody species in heath vegetation which had a lower uptake corresponded with a lower BC content (especially (Ca2+), pH and BS in the humus soil relative the meadow meanwhile the content of K+ was more than three times higher in heath. Overall, this study suggests that the degree of neutralization (base saturation) regulates pH either via the influence of bedrock and hydrogeochemistry and/or via plant traits that affects the uptake and turnover of base cations.
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Lu, Pingbo. "Calibrated Bayes factors for model selection and model averaging." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343396705.
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Bastos, da Silva Aline Cristina. "Webinar Scopus: análisis y visualización de publicaciones con alto factor de impacto." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655940.
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El webinar titulado “Scopus: análisis y visualización de publicaciones con alto factor de impacto”, organizado por la Dirección de Gestión del Conocimiento, contó con la participación de docentes y estudiantes de los diferentes programas académicos de UPC. La expositora Aline Cristina Bastos da Silva, analista de formación de ELSEVIER, presentó las principales características y funcionalidades del recurso para buscar, analizar y visualizar publicaciones en las diferentes áreas del conocimiento. Scopus se encuentra disponible en nuestro Portal de Recursos de investigación (https://biblioteca.upc.edu.pe/az.php), es una base de datos de referencias bibliográficas, proporciona citas, perfiles detallados de investigadores e ideas que impulsan mejores decisiones, acciones y resultados.
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Dong, Fanglong. "Bayesian Model Checking in Multivariate Discrete Regression Problems." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1223329230.
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Ventura, Antunes Fernando Jorge. "Influence of frequency, stress ratio and stress state on fatigue crack growth in nickel base superalloys at elevated temperature." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285929.
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Marí, Dell'Olmo Marc. "Extensiones multivariantes del modelo "Besag, York y Mollié" : Aplicación al estudio de las desigualdades socioeconómicas en la mortalidad." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/98246.
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Esta tesis tiene dos objetivos principales. El primero es proponer métodos multivariantes para el estudio de las desigualdades socioeconómicas en la mortalidad en áreas pequeñas. El segundo es estudiar estas desigualdades en la práctica en varias ciudades españolas. En consecuencia, se han realizado cuatro estudios diferentes: dos de ellos más metodológicos y los otros dos más aplicados al estudio de las desigualdades. El primer estudio metodológico propone usar Análisis Factorial Bayesiano para el cálculo de índices de privación. Además, en este estudio se concluye que ignorar la variabilidad en la estimación del índice puede conducir a un sesgo cuando las áreas se agrupan según cuantiles del índice. En el segundo estudio se ha reformulado el modelo SANOVA de modo que es posible introducir una covariable dentro de este modelo. Asimismo, dicha reformulación permite la descomposición de la varianza de los patrones estudiados como suma de varianzas de todas las componentes del modelo. Finalmente, los estudios restantes evidencian la existencia de desigualdades socioeconómicas en la mortalidad total y en la mortalidad por las principales causas específicas en once ciudades españolas. Además, para las enfermedades isquémicas del corazón estas desigualdades parecen aumentar ligeramente en el tiempo.This thesis has two main objectives. The first is to propose multivariate methods for the study of socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in small areas. The second is to study socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in small areas of several Spanish cities. Four different studies were conducted to attain these objectives: two of them focussed on the methodological aspects and the other two being empirical studies focussed on the study of inequalities. The first methodological study proposes the Bayesian factor analysis to calculate a deprivation index. Additionally, this study concludes that ignoring the uncertainty obtained in the estimation of the index may result in a misclassification bias when the areas are grouped according to quantiles of the index. In the second methodological study the SANOVA model has been reformulated enabling the introduction of a covariate in the model. Also, this reformulation permits the decomposition of the variance of the studied patterns into the sum of variances of all the model components. Finally, the other studies show the existence of socioeconomic inequalities in total mortality and mortality by specific causes in eleven major Spanish cities. In addition, for ischemic heart disease these inequalities appear to increase slightly over time.
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Marí, Dell'Olmo Marc 1978. "Extensiones multivariantes del modelo "Besag, York y Mollié" : Aplicación al estudio de las desigualdades socioeconómicas en la mortalidad." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/98246.
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Esta tesis tiene dos objetivos principales. El primero es proponer métodos multivariantes para el estudio de las desigualdades socioeconómicas en la mortalidad en áreas pequeñas. El segundo es estudiar estas desigualdades en la práctica en varias ciudades españolas. En consecuencia, se han realizado cuatro estudios diferentes: dos de ellos más metodológicos y los otros dos más aplicados al estudio de las desigualdades. El primer estudio metodológico propone usar Análisis Factorial Bayesiano para el cálculo de índices de privación. Además, en este estudio se concluye que ignorar la variabilidad en la estimación del índice puede conducir a un sesgo cuando las áreas se agrupan según cuantiles del índice. En el segundo estudio se ha reformulado el modelo SANOVA de modo que es posible introducir una covariable dentro de este modelo. Asimismo, dicha reformulación permite la descomposición de la varianza de los patrones estudiados como suma de varianzas de todas las componentes del modelo. Finalmente, los estudios restantes evidencian la existencia de desigualdades socioeconómicas en la mortalidad total y en la mortalidad por las principales causas específicas en once ciudades españolas. Además, para las enfermedades isquémicas del corazón estas desigualdades parecen aumentar ligeramente en el tiempo.This thesis has two main objectives. The first is to propose multivariate methods for the study of socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in small areas. The second is to study socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in small areas of several Spanish cities. Four different studies were conducted to attain these objectives: two of them focussed on the methodological aspects and the other two being empirical studies focussed on the study of inequalities. The first methodological study proposes the Bayesian factor analysis to calculate a deprivation index. Additionally, this study concludes that ignoring the uncertainty obtained in the estimation of the index may result in a misclassification bias when the areas are grouped according to quantiles of the index. In the second methodological study the SANOVA model has been reformulated enabling the introduction of a covariate in the model. Also, this reformulation permits the decomposition of the variance of the studied patterns into the sum of variances of all the model components. Finally, the other studies show the existence of socioeconomic inequalities in total mortality and mortality by specific causes in eleven major Spanish cities. In addition, for ischemic heart disease these inequalities appear to increase slightly over time.
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Ferrier, Thilia. "Les facteurs de transcription MYB et la régulation de la biosynthèse des flavonoïdes dans la baie de raisin : analyse fonctionnelle et identification de nouveaux candidats." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13663/document.
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Les flavonoïdes (anthocyanes, flavonols et proanthocyanidines) sont des éléments clés de la qualité organoleptique des baies de raisin. Chez les végétaux, l’expression des gènes de la voie de biosynthèse de ces composés est contrôlée par des complexes protéiques organisés autour des facteurs de transcription de type MYB. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, une première approche s’est intéressée aux mécanismes de régulation de l’expression du gène VvMyb5a et de l’activité biologique de la protéine codée par ce gène. L’analyse du promoteur VvMyb5a a montré que son activité au cours du développement de la baie serait plutôt placée sous contrôle hormonal. Des expériences de double hybride ont révélé que la protéine VvMyb5a pouvait interagir avec une protéine kinase de type GAMYB et une protéine WD40. Une deuxième approche, basée sur l’analyse globale du transcriptome de mutants naturels de vigne affectés dans la biosynthèse des anthocyanes, a permis d’identifier deux nouveaux gènes MYB nommés VvMybPA1 et VvMyb24. L’expression différentielle de ces gènes dans des baies de cépages rouges et blancs a été confirmée et leurs caractérisations fonctionnelles ont été engagées chez Arabidopsis thalianaFlavonoids, like anthocyanins, flavonols and condensed tannins, are key elements of he organoleptic quality of grape berries. In plants, expression of genes encoding enzymes of he flavonoid biosynthetic pathway is controlled by small protein complexes organised around MYB transcription factors. In the present work, we first focused on the regulatory mechanisms of VvMyb5a expression and on the biological activity of the corresponding protein. Promoter analysis indicated that VvMyb5a expression is probably mainly controlled by hormones. A yeast two-hybrid screen revealed that VvMyb5a can interact with a GAMYB ype protein kinase and a WD40 protein. In a second time, global transcriptome analysis of grapevine natural mutants deficient in anthocyanin biosynthesis led to the identification of wo new MYB genes, named VvMybPA1 and VvMyb24. Differential expression of these two genes in red and white berry skins was confirmed by RT-PCR and their functional characterizations have been initiated in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Mpongoshe, Lukhanyiso. "Critical factors for business success in co-operatives." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020041.
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Many countries that have achieved economic development have a dynamic co-operative sector which contributes substantially to the development of these economies. From a global perspective, co-operatives have been proven to be flexible in meeting a wide variety of social and economic human needs such as job creation, alleviation of poverty and building of communities. With the drive to decrease poverty in South Africa, there has been an increased interest to support co-operatives with the intention to provide employment, social development and building communities/ community care. It seems, however, that South Africa has not yet reached the same momentum in the co-operatives movement as elsewhere in the world and the economy is still characterized by a high unemployment rate and a low growth rate (Van der Walt, 2002). This study is an attempt to determine the factors for business success in co-operatives by assessing the strengths and weaknesses of co-operative businesses within the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality in the Eastern Cape. The study includes an extensive literature review on the nature and prevalence of co-operatives in South Africa where challenges faced by South African co-operatives and particularly those in the Eastern Cape Province, are indicated. It also highlights international best practice and reveals that for co-operative success, apart for functioning by the International Seven Cooperative Principles, knowledge and expertise in business management are absolutely necessary so that co-operatives can be profitable and sustainable. With this knowledge, an adapted form of the Small Enterprise Development Agency (SEDA) Small Business Assessment Tool was used to formulate the questionnaire and to review business management literature. A survey conducted involved fifty-one co-operative members on the database of the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Business Unit. The opinions of the respondents were compared with the guidelines provided by the literature in the study in order to identify the strengths and weaknesses of these co-operatives, which then determine the critical success factors for business success in co-operatives. The empirical results show that the co-operative members understand co-operative principles and function through them. They have a fairly general knowledge of business management. The results also show significantly positive correlations between Marketing Management, Financial Management, Operations Management, Human Resources Management and General Management, on the one hand, and the business success of co-operatives, on the other hand. This indicates that these respondents recognize the importance of these business functions in the success of their businesses. However, failures and weaknesses experienced in these areas lead to the recommendations that they need to be mentored as they cannot put this knowledge into application, and secondly, they need financial assistance and support to sustain the co-operative businesses.
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Frühwirth-Schnatter, Sylvia. "Model Likelihoods and Bayes Factors for Switching and Mixture Models." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2000. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1146/1/document.pdf.
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In the present paper we explore various approaches of computing model likelihoods from the MCMC output for mixture and switching models, among them the candidate's formula, importance sampling, reciprocal importance sampling and bridge sampling. We demonstrate that the candidate's formula is sensitive to label switching. It turns out that the best method to estimate the model likelihood is the bridge sampling technique, where the MCMC sample is combined with an iid sample from an importance density. The importance density is constructed in an unsupervised manner from the MCMC output using a mixture of complete data posteriors. Whereas the importance sampling estimator as well as the reciprocal importance sampling estimator are sensitive to the tail behaviour of the importance density, we demonstrate that the bridge sampling estimator is far more robust in this concern. Our case studies range from from selecting the number of classes in a mixture of multivariate normal distributions, testing for the inhomogeneity of a discrete time Poisson process, to testing for the presence of Markov switching and order selection in the MSAR model. (author's abstract)Series: Forschungsberichte / Institut für Statistik
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Frühwirth-Schnatter, Sylvia. "Model Likelihoods and Bayes Factors for Switching and Mixture Models." SFB Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2002. http://epub.wu.ac.at/474/1/document.pdf.
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In the present paper we discuss the problem of estimating model likelihoods from the MCMC output for a general mixture and switching model. Estimation is based on the method of bridge sampling (Meng and Wong, 1996), where the MCMC sample is combined with an iid sample from an importance density. The importance density is constructed in an unsupervised manner from the MCMC output using a mixture of complete data posteriors. Whereas the importance sampling estimator as well as the reciprocal importance sampling estimator are sensitive to the tail behaviour of the importance density, we demonstrate that the bridge sampling estimator is far more robust in this concern. Our case studies range from computing marginal likelihoods for a mixture of multivariate normal distributions, testing for the inhomogeneity of a discrete time Poisson process, to testing for the presence of Markov switching and order selection in the MSAR model. (author's abstract)Series: Report Series SFB "Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science"
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Pachkowski, Brian Francis Swenberg James A. "Functional studies of accessory factors associated with base excision repair." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1717.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering." Discipline: Environmental Sciences and Engineering; Department/School: Public Health.
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CARDOSO, SANDRA CANTON. "DETECTING AND SUBSTUTING DISCONTINUITIES IN MINUTE-BY-MINUTE LOAD DATA VIA BAYES FACTOR." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1999. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7462@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORNo Centro Nacional de Operação dos Sistemas - CNOS, órgão da Eletrobrás, encarregado de controlar o sistema elétrico brasileiro, localizado em Brasília, a varredura é feita de 20 em 20s e depois agregada para o minuto. Na transmissão dos dados há muitos erros de medidas acarretando descontinuidades visíveis. Estes erros podem ser causados por problemas na transmissão dos dados ou problema físico da medida em si. O objetivo desta dissertação é a implementação de um sistema que detecte e corrija estas descontinuidades nas séries de carga minuto a minuto do CNOS via Fator de Bayes.
In the National Center for System Operation (CNOS), the Eletrobrás organ which controls the Brazilian electrical system, readings of load demand are taken every 20 seconds, and then integrated over the minute, to provide ninute-to-minute data. These data are then radio- transmitted via satellite. Many errors occur during the reading or the transmission, and so the data series contains many missing values (which appear as discontinuities in the graph of the series). In this paper, we propose a system that detects and corrects automatically these errors in the demand data, by means of a Bayesian approach using the Bayes factor.
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Tang, Erik Edwin. "Physical factors affecting larval transport in Mission Bay, California." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/fullcit?p1477937.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Diego, 2010.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 12, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-55).
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Pearson, Donald Edgar. "Environmental factors influencing English sole (Parophyrus vetulus) populations in San Francisco Bay, California." Scholarly Commons, 1985. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/483.
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Population abundances of English sole within the San Francisco Bay from 1973 to 1981 showed a significant positive correlation with Delta outflows, and a significant negative correlation with salinity. Temperature in the bay and ocean upwelling showed no correlation with English sole abundance in the Bay. Because of the positive correlation between the abundance of English sole in the South San Francisco Bay and Delta outflow, this study suggests that any factor resulting in a reduction in outflow may reduce the abundance of English sole in the sample area.
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Xu, Yangyi. "Frequentist-Bayesian Hybrid Tests in Semi-parametric and Non-parametric Models with Low/High-Dimensional Covariate." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71285.
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We provide a Frequentist-Bayesian hybrid test statistic in this dissertation for two testing problems. The first one is to design a test for the significant differences between non-parametric functions and the second one is to design a test allowing any departure of predictors of high dimensional X from constant. The implementation is also given in construction of the proposal test statistics for both problems.
For the first testing problem, we consider the statistical difference among massive outcomes or signals to be of interest in many diverse fields including neurophysiology, imaging, engineering, and other related fields. However, such data often have nonlinear system, including to row/column patterns, having non-normal distribution, and other hard-to-identifying internal relationship, which lead to difficulties in testing the significance in difference between them for both unknown relationship and high-dimensionality. In this dissertation, we propose an Adaptive Bayes Sum Test capable of testing the significance between two nonlinear system basing on universal non-parametric mathematical decomposition/smoothing components. Our approach is developed from adapting the Bayes sum test statistic by Hart (2009). Any internal pattern is treated through Fourier transformation. Resampling techniques are applied to construct the empirical distribution of test statistic to reduce the effect of non-normal distribution. A simulation study suggests our approach performs better than the alternative method, the Adaptive Neyman Test by Fan and Lin (1998). The usefulness of our approach is demonstrated with an application in the identification of electronic chips as well as an application to test the change of pattern of precipitations.
For the second testing problem, currently numerous statistical methods have been developed for analyzing high-dimensional data. These methods mainly focus on variable selection approach, but are limited for purpose of testing with high-dimensional data, and often are required to have explicit derivative likelihood functions. In this dissertation, we propose ``Hybrid Omnibus Test'' for high-dimensional data testing purpose with much less requirements. Our Hybrid Omnibus Test is developed under semi-parametric framework where likelihood function is no longer necessary. Our Hybrid Omnibus Test is a version of Freqentist-Bayesian hybrid score-type test for a functional generalized partial linear single index model, which has link being functional of predictors through a generalized partially linear single index. We propose an efficient score based on estimating equation to the mathematical difficulty in likelihood derivation and construct our Hybrid Omnibus Test. We compare our approach with a empirical likelihood ratio test and Bayesian inference based on Bayes factor using simulation study in terms of false positive rate and true positive rate. Our simulation results suggest that our approach outperforms in terms of false positive rate, true positive rate, and computation cost in high-dimensional case and low-dimensional case. The advantage of our approach is also demonstrated by published biological results with application to a genetic pathway data of type II diabetes.Ph. D.
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Young, Robin. "The use of Bayes factors in fine-scale genetic association studies." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2402/.
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The aim of this thesis is to explore and compare methods that can be used for the purposes of finding possible genetic effects in the context of fine-scale genotype-phenotype association studies. Fine-scale genetic association studies present unique challenges for attempts at finding genetic effects, due to the strong linkage that can exist between different variants and issues that exist as a result of multiple testing. However, unlike Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), there is potential to use the information from haplotypes arising from areas of low genetic recombination. In order to test the effectiveness of approaches involved in fine-scale studies, the PheGe-Sim (Phenotype Genotype Simulation) application has been developed in order to simulate fine-scale phenotype-genotype data sets under a variety of scenarios. The simulations are based upon the coalescent model with extensions of population expansion, recombination, and finite sites mutations, that allow for real data sets to be more closely mirrored. The simulated data sets are subsequently used to assess the effectiveness of each of the methods that are used in this thesis, in attempting to find the known simulated causal variants. One of the methods suitable for use in fine-scale genetic association studies for testing associations is Treescan (Templeton et al., 2005). Treescan is a method that attempts to use relationships between closely related haplotypes in an attempt to increase the power of finding genetic determinants of a phenotype. A haplotype tree is constructed, and each branch can be sequentially tested for any evidence of association from the resultant groups. To provide comparisons with the Treescan method, similar methods to the Treescan approach using each SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) and haplotype have been implemented. As a result of the issues of multiple testing in the context of GWAS, Balding (2006) advocated the use of Bayes factors as an alternative to the standard use of p-values for categorical data sets. In this thesis Bayes factors have been formulated that are suitable for continuous phenotype data, and for the context of fine-scale association studies. Bayes factors are used in a method that utilizes the Treescan approach of assessing various groupings from a haplotype tree, with the method being adapted to take advantage of the flexibility offered by Bayes factors. Single SNP and haplotype approaches have also been programmed using the same implementation of Bayes factors. The PheGe-Find (Phenotype Genotype-Find) application has been developed that implements the association methods when supplied with the appropriate genotype and phenotype input files. In addition to testing the methods on simulated data, the approaches are also tested on two real data sets. The first of these concerns genotypes and phenotypes of the Drosophila Melanogaster fruit fly, that has previously been assessed using the original Treescan approach of Templeton et al. (2005). This allows for comparisons to be made between the different approaches upon a data set where there is strong evidence of a causal link between the genotype and phenotypes concerned. A second data set of genetic variants surrounding the human ADRA1A gene is also assessed for any potential causative genetic effects on blood pressure and heart rate phenotype measurements.
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Xie, Jianyuan. "Factors Related to Local Supply Base Development Affecting Production Localisation in China." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-16301.
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Recent years, foreign manufacturers have extended their manufacturing footprint to include China. According to the World Bank China has overtaken Japan as the world’s second-largest economy since 2010. China’s growth is largely funded by a continuous manufacturing boom where both domestic industries and infrastructure have developed extensively, facilitating foreign-owned manufacturing companies to locate production in China. An important issue of common interest to all manufacturing companies in the course of localising production to China is how to develop an efficient supply base.The purpose of the thesis is to identify the factors related to local supply base development that affect production localisation in China. An identification and analysis of factors for foreign manufactures to consider when developing the supply base for their China production facilities is presented.The thesis work is executed based on a comprehensive literature study and interviews with twelve manufacturing firms (comprising eight foreign manufacturers and four local supplier companies) in China from April to July, 2012. The thesis investigates factors of importance to supply base localisation in China. The analysis of the empirical and theoretical findings constitutes the bases for increased understanding supporting foreign manufactures, especially for those small and medium firms, in their development of a supply base and sourcing strategy for production in China.
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Leyk, Williams Malgorzata. "Summarizing FLARE assay images in colon carcinogenesis." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3132.
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Intestinal tract cancer is one of the more common cancers in the United States. While in some individuals a genetic component causes the cancer, the rate of cancer in the remainder of the population is believed to be affected by diet. Since cancer usually develops slowly, the amount of oxidative damage to DNA can be used as a cancer biomarker. This dissertation examines effective ways of analyzing FLARE assay data, which quantifies oxidative damage. The statistical methods will be implemented on data from a FLARE assay experiment, which examines cells from the duodenum and the colon to see if there is a difference in the risk of cancer due to corn or fish oil diets. Treatments of the oxidizing agent dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), DSS with a recovery period, as well as a control will also be used.
Previous methods presented in the literature examined the FLARE data by summarizing the DNA damage of each cell with a single number, such as the relative tail moment (RTM). Variable skewness is proposed as an alternative measure, and shown to be as effective as the RTM in detecting diet and treatment differences in the standard analysis. The RTM and skewness data is then analyzed using a hierarchical model, with both the skewness and RTM showing diet/treatment differences. Simulated data for this model is also considered, and shows that a Bayes Factor (BF) for higher dimensional models does not follow guidelines presented by Kass and Raftery (1995).
It is hypothesized that more information is obtained by describing the DNA damage functions, instead of summarizing them with a single number. From each function, seven points are picked. First, they are modeled independently, and only diet effects are found. However, when the correlation between points at the cell and rat level is modeled, much stronger diet and treatment differences are shown both in the colon and the duodenum than for any of the previous methods. These results are also easier to interpret and represent graphically, showing that the latter is an effective method of analyzing the FLARE data.
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Toribio, Sherwin G. "Bayesian Model Checking Strategies for Dichotomous Item Response Theory Models." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1150425606.
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Pearce, Meryl Winsome. "Assessment of factors influencing the quality of surface and ground water in the Hout Bay river catchment." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001900.
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An investigation into the quality of surface water and ground water was conducted during 1988 in the 38,8 km² Hout Bay River catchment near Cape Town. The main objective of the study was to determine those areas and activities which constitute a pollution source and to ascertain the relative proportion which each contributes to the pollution problem and health risk of the surf zone of the beach at Hout Ba . The objective was achieved by monitoring the chemical and microbiological attributes of the Hout Bay River, its tributaries and stormdrains in wet and dry conditions on a routine basis and during storm events. Hout Bay is a rapidly developing residential area in which sewage disposal occurs by means of septic tank soakaway systems. Ground water quality was monitored to investigate the contribution to contamination by septic tank effluent. Results showed that stormdrain effluent in dry and wet conditions and surface runoff during rainfall were the main vectors of pollution. Although the pollution concentration was high during dry conditions the greatest pollution discharge to the surf zone of Hout Bay occurred during storm events. In view of the proposed residential development it is imperative that pollution control measures be undertaken so as to secure the future recreational and aesthetic value of Hout Bay
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Duvall, Emily M. "Factors influencing the structures of the Monterey Bay sea breeze." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FDuvall.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2004.Thesis advisor(s): Wendell A. Nuss. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60). Also available online.
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Frühwirth-Schnatter, Sylvia. "Bayesian Model Discrimination and Bayes Factors for Normal Linear State Space Models." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1993. http://epub.wu.ac.at/108/1/document.pdf.
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It is suggested to discriminate between different state space models for a given time series by means of a Bayesian approach which chooses the model that minimizes the expected loss. Practical implementation of this procedures requires a fully Bayesian analysis for both the state vector and the unknown hyperparameters which is carried out by Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Application to some non-standard situations such as testing hypotheses on the boundary of the parameter space, discriminating non-nested models and discrimination of more than two models is discussed in detail. (author's abstract)Series: Forschungsberichte / Institut für Statistik
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Pawar, Yash. "Bayes Factors for the Proposition of a Common Source of Amphetamine Seizures." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statistik och maskininlärning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176416.
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This thesis sets out to address the challenges with the comparison of Amphetamine material in determining whether they originate from the same source or different sources using pairwise ratios of peak areas within each chromatogram of material and then modeling the difference between the ratios for each comparison as a basis for evaluation. The evaluation of an existing method that uses these ratios to determine the sum of significant differences between each comparison of material that is provided is done. The outcome of this evaluation suggests that there the distributions for comparison of samples originating from the same source and the comparison of samples originating from different sources have an overlap leading to uncertainties in conclusions. In this work, the differences between the ratios of peak areas have been modeled using a feature-based approach. Because the feature space is quite large, Discriminant Analysis methods such as Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Partial least squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) have been implemented to perform classification by dimensionality reduction. Another popular method that works on the principle of nearest centroid classifier called as Nearest shrunken centroid is also applied that performs classification on shrunken centroids of the features. The results and analysis of all the methods have been performed to obtain the classification results for classes +1 (samples originate from the same source) and ́1 (samples originate from different sources). Likelihood ratios of each class for each of these methods have also been evaluated using the Empirical Cross-Entropy (ECE) method to determine the robustness of the classifiers. All three models seem to have performed fairly well in terms of classification with LDA being the most robust and reliable with its predictions.
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Singh, Shivansh. "Knowledge Base Engineering Design Methodology and Integration with PLM System Part Factory." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Konstruktion och produktutveckling, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45720.
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Companies are trying to decrease product expenses while customizing product according to customers requirements. So to satisfy the customers’ requirements, companies must adapt their business to mass customisation. Mass customization final product goes through all flexible company production technology process, which can lead to being expensive and time-consuming and because of this, a product configuration system is developed to reduce product cost and reduce time. The primary focus of this thesis is to develop a KBE prototype using constraint-based techniques of product configurations. For developing KBE implementation of UML/OCL, XML, Backtracking search is used. Then prototype expert configurator is developed using OCL constraints.
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Eriksson, Viktor. "Bayesian Model Selection with Intrinsic Bayes Factor for Location-Scale Model and Random Effects Model." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-85152.
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Grbovic, Petar. "Dispositif correcteur de facteur de puissance à base de super-condensateur pour variateur de vitesse." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECLI0009/document.
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Les variateurs de vitesse modernes sont exclusivement basés sur l’utilisation de moteurs triphasés alimentés par des onduleurs à modulation de largeur d’impulsion (MLI). La plupart des applications modernes de la variation de vitesse, comme les ascenseurs, les grues et les machines-outils sont caractérisées principalement par un rapport élevé entre la puissance crête et la puissance moyenne et une forte demande de freinage à la puissance nominale. Dans les variateurs de vitesse ordinaires, l’énergie de freinage, qui est de l’ordre de 30 à 50% de l’énergie consommée, est dissipé dans une résistance. Outre les problèmes « énergétiques », les interruptions et dégradations de la tension d’alimentation ainsi que la qualité du courant d’entrée et la fluctuation de la charge, sont d’autres questions à aborder et à résoudre.Le super-condensateur dédié aux applications de conversion de puissance est ainsi proposé. Un variateur de vitesse équipé avec des super-condensateurs est présenté dans la thèse. Les super-condensateurs, interconnectés par un convertisseur DC-DC sont utilisés pour stocker et ré-injecter l'énergie de freinage. De plus, le convertisseur DC-DC contrôle le courant du redresseur et la tension du bus DC. Le THD du courant d’entrée est ramené à 30%. La tension du bus DC est élevée et en permanence contrôlée et lissée indépendamment de la charge et de la variation de la tension réseau. Pour terminer, les pics de puissance peuvent être lissés. La solution présentée est analysée théoriquement et vérifiée par un ensemble de simulations et expérimentations. Les résultats sont présentés et commentésModern controlled electric drives are exclusively based on three-phase motors that are fed from three-phase pulse width modulated (PWM) inverters. Most of modern controlled electric drive applications, such as lifts, cranes and tooling machines are characterized by high ratio of the peak to average power, and high demand for braking at the rated power. In ordinary drives, the braking energy, which represents 30-50% of the consumed energy, is dissipated on a braking resistor. Apart from the “energetic” issue, the mains interruption and degradation, the input current quality and the load fluctuation are additional issues to be addressed and solved.The ultra-capacitor dedicated for power conversion applications has been discussed. In comparison to electrochemical batteries, the ultra-capacitors have higher power density and efficiency, longer life time and greater cycling capability. This makes the ultra-capacitor an excellent candidate for power conversion applications.A new electric drive converter equipped with the ultra-capacitor is presented in the dissertation. The ultra-capacitor with an inter-connection dc-dc converter is used to store and recover the drive braking energy. Moreover, the dc-dc converter controls the rectifier current and the dc bus voltage. The drive input current THD is reduced to 30%. The dc bus voltage is boosted and controlled constant and ripple free regardless on the load and the mains voltage variation. Moreover, the drive input peak power can be smoothed. The presented solution is theoretically analysed and verified by set of simulations and experiments. The results are presented and discussed
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Ozanne, Marie Veronica. "Bayesian compartmental models for zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6825.
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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious neglected tropical disease that is endemic in 98 countries and presents a significant public health risk. The epidemiology of VL is complex. In the Americas, it is a zoonotic disease that is caused by a parasite and transmitted among humans and dogs through the bite of an infected sand fly vector. The infection also can be transmitted vertically from mother to child during pregnancy. Infected individuals can be classified as asymptomatic or symptomatic; both classes can transmit infection. In part due to its complexity, VL transmission dynamics are not fully understood. Stochastic compartmental epidemic models are a powerful set of tools that can be used to study these transmission dynamics.
Past compartmental models for VL have been developed in a deterministic framework to accommodate complexity while remaining computationally tractable. In this work, we propose stochastic compartmental models for VL, which are simpler than their deterministic counterparts, but also have several advantages. Notably, this framework allows us to: (1) define a probability of infection transmission between two individuals, (2) obtain both parameter estimates and corresponding uncertainty measures, and (3) employ formal model comparisons.
In this dissertation, we develop both population level and individual level Bayesian compartmental models to study both vector and vertical VL transmission dynamics. As part of this model development, we introduce a compartmental model that allows for two infectious classes. We also derive source specific reproductive numbers to quantify the contributions of different species and infectious classes to maintaining infection in a population. Finally, we propose a formal model comparison method for Bayesian models with high-dimensional discrete parameter spaces. These models, reproductive numbers, and model comparison method are explored in the context of simulations and real VL data from Brazil and the United States.
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Patašienė, Irena. "Simulation of enterprise economic factors and application in learning process." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080626_122850-99913.
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The dissertation deals with the problems related to the tools of simulation of economical factors of the enterprises. The main goals of the dissertation is to analyze the main economic factors of enterprise activity, to create the educational model of economic processes, to prepare the software for distance, group and individual leaning, and evaluate possibilities to use it in learning and teaching.
The several tasks were formulated for this work: to analyze the methods of modeling of economic processes, game-based educational tools and their components, factors of economic processes as well as possibilities of formal description of means; to design imitational model of business processes and to create an universal and dynamic business game according to it; to propose a method allowing to create an educational environment of simulation of business processes; to integrate business game “Kietas riešutas” (“Hard nut”) into formal and informal studies, to suggest additional components for traditional and distance learning, to evaluate applicability in educational process.
Dissertation consists of introduction, four chapters and conclusions.
Introduction discusses the importance of the problem, formulates goal and tasks of the work, describes scientific novelty of the work, and presents publications of the author as well as structure of the dissertation.
The first chapter provides the literature review. It discusses informational technological platform of business games, compared... [to full text]Disertacijoje nagrinėjamos mokymo procese naudojamos įmonių ekonominių veiksnių imitacinio modeliavimo priemonės. Pagrindinis disertacijos tikslas – išanalizavus verslo įmonių veiklos pagrindinius ekonominius veiksnius, sukurti edukacinį ekonominių procesų modelį, parengti nuotolinio, grupinio ir individualaus mokymo programinę įrangą ir įvertinti jos taikymo mokymui ir mokymuisi galimybes. Darbe sprendžiami keli uždaviniai: palyginti ekonominių procesų modeliavimo metodus, žaidybines mokymo priemones ir jų kompiuterinių informacinių platformų komponentus; išanalizuoti ekonominių procesų veiksnius ir formalaus aprašymo priemonių galimybes, suprojektuoti verslo procesų imitacinį modelį ir pagal jį sukurti kompiuterinį verslo žaidimą, pasižymintį universaliomis ir dinamiškomis savybėmis; pasiūlyti metodą, leidžiantį sukurti verslo procesų imitavimo mokomąją aplinką; integruoti sukurtąjį kompiuterinį verslo žaidimą („Kietas riešutas“) į formalių ir neformalių studijų mokomuosius modulius, pateikti papildomų integracinių komponentų sąveikos mechanizmus, siekiant juos įgyvendinti tradiciniu ir nuotoliniu būdais, taip pat įvertinti žaidimo priimtinumą studijų procese. Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, keturi skyriai ir paskutinis – rezultatų apibendrinimas. Įvade nagrinėjamas problemos aktualumas, formuluojamas darbo tikslas bei uždaviniai, apra��omas mokslinis darbo naujumas, pristatomi autorės pranešimai ir publikacijos, disertacijos struktūra. Pirmasis skyrius skirtas literatūros... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Schllemer, Magalí Aparecida. "Preparação e caracterização de biofilmes à base de manipueira para imobilização de caulinita intercalada com ureia." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/628.
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CAPESA problemática da geração de resíduos industriais vem se agravando, principalmente pelo fato de que somente uma pequena parcela desses resíduos é corretamente tratada e devidamente destinada em locais próprios. Um exemplo de resíduo com grande potencial poluidor é a manipueira, efluente líquido gerado em grandes quantidades no processamento de mandioca para a produção de farinha e de fécula. A manipueira contém uma elevada carga orgânica na sua composição, com alto teor de fécula residual, resultante do baixo rendimento do processo de extração. Outro grande problema ambiental é a perda de nutrientes aplicados no solo por meio de fertilizantes, principalmente do nitrogênio, decorrente dos processos de lixiviação pela água das chuvas e volatilização pelo aquecimento do solo, que trazem prejuízos financeiros aos agricultores e danos ambientais pelo excesso de nutrientes levados aos corpos hídricos. Aliando-se essas duas questões, o objetivo desse trabalho foi preparar e caracterizar biofilmes à base de manipueira pura, e também de manipueira com a incorporação dos aditivos poli-(álcool vinílico) e alginato de sódio, avaliando-se assim, a influência desses aditivos nas características finais dos biofilmes. Após esta etapa, avaliou-se qual dos biofilmes produzidos obteve características compatíveis para a imobilização da caulinita intercalada com ureia, visando avaliar esse conjunto como fertilizante de liberação lenta de nitrogênio, que prioriza a liberação gradual do nutriente. A partir da caracterização da manipueira utilizada, determinou-se que a mesma possui um teor de 3% de fécula na sua composição, dessa forma, o resíduo foi utilizado como solução filmogênica para formação dos biofilmes. Esses biofilmes foram caracterizados e apresentaram baixas propriedades de barreira ao vapor de água, entretanto, os biofilmes de manipueira pura e de manipueira com poli-(álcool vinílico) possuem boas propriedades mecânicas e alta estabilidade térmica. Os biofilmes de manipueira com alginato de sódio apresentaram características mecânicas inferiores aos citados acima e com menor estabilidade térmica. A partir das características apresentadas, o biofilme de manipueira pura foi escolhido para ser o meio imobilizante da caulinita intercalada com ureia, onde, além da caracterização realizada como nos demais biofilmes, foi também avaliada a liberação do nitrogênio por meio de ensaios de lixiviação e de aquecimento. Observou-se que nos ensaios de lixiviação a imobilização não foi efetiva, perdendo 73,37% do nitrogênio incorporada já no menor tempo empregado no ensaio, entretanto, no ensaio de aquecimento, o biofilme de manipueira pura apresentou uma alta imobilização até 170 ºC, com uma perda de nitrogênio de somente 14,93%. A análise dos resultados mostra que os biofilmes à base de manipueira são uma alternativa viável de reaproveitamento desse resíduo, apresentando boas características, entretanto, quando o emprego é a imobilização da caulinita intercalada com ureia é necessário um maior estudo buscando meios para reduzir as perdas por lixiviação.
The problem of industrial waste generation has aggravating mainly by the fact that only a small portion of that waste is properly treated and properly designed in suitable places. An example of waste with high pollution potential is manipueira, liquid effluent generated in large quantities in manihot processing for the production of flour and starch. Manipueira contains a large organic load in its composition, with high levels of residual starch, resulting in low yield of the extraction process. Another major environmental problem is the loss of nutrients applied to the soil through fertilizers, especially nitrogen, resulting from leaching processes by rain water and volatilization soil heating, which brings financial damage to farmers and environmental damage by excess nutrients carried to water bodies. Allying these two issues, the objective of this work was to produce biofilms based on pure manipueira, and too manipueira with incorporation of additives poly (vinyl alcohol) and sodium alginate, thus assessing the influence of these additives in the final characteristics of biofilms. After this step, we evaluated which of biofilms produced consistent characteristics obtained for the immobilization of kaolinite intercalated with urea, to evaluate this set as a slow release fertilizer nitrogen, which prioritizes the gradual release of the nutrient. From the characterization of cassava used, it was determined that it has a content of 3% starch in composition, thus the residue was used as filmogenic solution for the formation of biofilms.These biofilms were described and presented barrier properties to water vapor low, however, the biofilm manipueira and pure manipueira and manipueira with poly (vinyl alcohol) have good mechanical properties and high thermal stability. Biofilms manipueira with sodium alginate showed inferior mechanical characteristics to those cited above and with lower thermal stability. From the characteristics presented, the biofilm pure manipueira was chosen to be the means of immobilizing kaolinite intercalated with urea, which, besides the characterization performed as in other biofilms was also investigated the release of nitrogen through leaching tests and heating. It was observed that the leaching tests was not effective immobilization, losing 73.37% of the nitrogen already incorporated in the shortest time employed in the assay, however, a test of heating, the biofilm pure manipueira showed high immobilization to 170 ° C, with a loss of nitrogen of only 14.93%. The analysis suggests that biofilms based manipueira are a viable reuse of this waste, with good features, however, when employment is immobilization of kaolinite intercalated with urea requires a larger study looking at ways to reduce leaching losses.
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Weng, Herman T. "Biology of the trumpeter whiting (Sillago maculata) and factors involved in sustainability of stocks in Moreton bay, Queensland." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1993. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/105550/1/T%28S%29%2046%20Biology%20of%20the%20trumpeter%20whiting%20%28Sillago%20maculata%29%20and%20factors%20involved%20in%20sustainability%20of%20stocks%20in%20Moreton%20Bay.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The population of the of Sillago maculata in Moreton Bay is abundant and has been fished in large quantities since 1952 by trawling. It is of fundamenta1 interest to determine how this species tolerates high levels of exploitation and remains viable. This was approached in three aspects: genetic characteristics,biological status, and whiting fisheries.
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Rasoloniaina, Alphonse. "Études expérimentales de dispositifs intégrés à base de micro-résonateurs à mode de galerie en verres actifs." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01009345.
Full textAbstract:
Les microrésonateurs à mode de galerie passifs à base de cristal ou de verre fabriqués par la méthode de fusion possèdent un facteur de qualité limité à quelques 10E8. Ceci est généralement dû à la contamination de la surface du résonateur lors de sa fusion. Dans ces travaux, nous proposons de contourner cette limitation en utilisant des microrésonateurs actifs pour compenser les pertes. Afin de caractériser les microrésonateurs actifs de très haut facteur de qualité ainsi obtenu, nous nous appuyons sur la méthode CRDM (Cavity Ring Down Measurement). Cette méthode interférométrique est d'une part bien adaptée à la caractérisation de résonateurs de très haut facteur de qualité et d'autre part elle permet de remonter de manière univoque aux facteurs de qualité intrinsèque Qo et extrinsèque Qe du résonateur. Dans un régime de compensation de pertes, nous avons pu atteindre tous les régimes de couplage et obtenus des facteurs de qualité intrinsèques excédant les 10E10. En régime d'amplification sélective, nous avons démontré expérimentalement que l'on pouvait obtenir des gains élevés allant jusqu'à 33 dB et des retards de groupe excédant 2,3 µs dans ces microrésonateurs actifs. Ces microrésonateurs de très haut facteur de qualité et de très haute finesse peuvent présenter un couplage modal se manifestant par un doublet de résonances. Une confrontation théorie/expérience avec la méthode CRDM permet de mesurer un écart très faible entre les doublets. Par ailleurs, ces microrésonateurs présentant un fort confinement spatial et une forte surtension, sont propices à l'observation d'effets non-linéaires. Une modélisation intégrant l'effet thermique et l'effet Kerr a été réalisée. Une confrontation théorie/expérience nous a permis d'estimer la puissance réellement injectée dans le mode ainsi qu'à estimer le volume du mode.
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Lakshmikanthan, Jayaprakash, and Godfred Tabiri. "FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCTION LOCALIZATION IN CONSIDERATION WITH THE SUPPLY BASE AND SOURCING PARAMETERS." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-14766.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past years manufacturing firms have moved their production to low cost regions. Many factors lead to the moving of their production and how these factors influence their decision making process. These have been discussed in various literatures. They also source from low cost regions in order to improve their productivity. Not only do they source from low-cost regions but also to actually produce goods in those countries. Many literatures have talked about the impact on some of the factors but little on the impact of supply base and sourcing parameters. The thesis seek to review the factors that affect production localization decision process and also find out how the supply base and sourcing parameters affects decision making process, whether the supply base and sourcing is really considered and the impact it has in decision making process to localize a new production. Literature review and interviews were used in this process. Four companies namely Haldex AB, ABB, case company A and B were used for the research. The main factors that are been considered for production localization were found out from the companies and practically the impact of the supply base and sourcing parameters during decision making are presented. The results from the research questions and the empirical studies is summarized in a framework that will enable readers to know the main factors that affect production localization, how decision making is done and the main impact of the supply base and sourcing in production localization. In addition some benefits of placing emphasis on the supply base and sourcing parameters.
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Saif, Hakeem Thamir. "Factors influencing base saturation and Ca/Mg ratios in soils of southeastern Ohio /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487266362337536.
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Calderhead, Ben. "A study of Population MCMC for estimating Bayes Factors over nonlinear ODE models." Connect to e-thesis, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/304/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc(R)) - University of Glasgow, 2007.MSc(R) thesis submitted to the Faculty of Information and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Westman, Anton. "Dangers in sport parachuting." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kirurgi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-19690.
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Background Sport parachuting is a dangerous recreational activity for which available literature appears unsatisfactory to form a basis for injury prevention. Aim Overall: Explore some risk factors in sport parachuting. Study I: Identify fatal incident and injury mechanisms for skydiving (sport parachuting from aircraft). Study II: Identify fatal incident and injury mechanisms for BASE jumping (sport parachuting from fixed objects) for each of the four fixed object types B-A-S-E (building, antenna, span, earth). Study III: Identify non-fatal incident and injury mechanisms for skydiving. Study IV: Evaluate the validity of a compulsory reporting system among active skydivers. Study V: Explore some aspects of the Swedish skydiving culture and its relation to injury risks and injury reporting. Study VI: Describe the mechanism of incident and injury for a free fall shoulder dislocation. Methods Descriptive epidemiological studies of (I) fatal injury events in Swedish skydiving, (II) fatal injury events in BASE jumping worldwide, and (III) non-fatal injury events in Swedish skydiving. Self-report survey of (IV) Swedish skydivers to measure: Sensitivity, as the proportion of injury events fulfilling the reporting criterion that were actually reported; Specificity, as the proportion of false positives in relation to the defined gold standard. Content analysis of (V) Swedish skydiving participant narratives. First-person narrative and free fall video recordings (VI) of one case. Results Overall: Risk factors associated with “free fall” flight of the human body and recreational usage of parachutes were described. Study I: Fatal risk factors in skydiving included student instability in free fall, leading to unstable parachute activation with subsequent line entanglement or parachute activation failure. Unintentional water landings also contributed to fatalities. Every fourth skydiving fatality survived impact and died during transports or in hospitals. Study II: Fatal risk factors in BASE jumping included parachutist free fall instability, miscalculation of free fall acrobatics, deployment failure by the parachutist, pilot chute malfunction and parachute malfunction. In cliff jumping (BASE object type E), parachute opening towards the object jumped with subsequent collision was a frequent factor. Poor visibility, strong or turbulent winds, cold and water also contributed to BASE jumping fatalities. Study III: Non-fatal risk factors in skydiving included experience level and type of student-training system. The lower extremities, spine and shoulders were important regions of injury. The most serious injuries were seen in experienced skydivers. Study IV: The overall sensitivity of the skydiving injury reporting system was 0.37 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24-0.51). With non-minor injuries as the target for reporting, the sensitivity was 0.67 (95% CI 0.43-0.85). No significant effect on reporting was found for gender, age, license level, years in the sport, total number of jumps or club affiliation. The specificity was 0.91 (95% CI 0.83-0.95). Study V: It is suggested that Swedish skydiving culture is carried by the local club; not the national association. Skydiving culture at the local drop zone and formal and informal hierarchical structures among skydivers may be what really decides how rules are enforced, risk-taking behavior is seen, and if incidents and injuries are reported. Study VI: The free fall airstream forces were in this case strong enough to dislocate a shoulder joint, which has safety implications that should be considered by participants and medical doctors performing precourse examinations. Conclusion A number of risk factors in sport parachuting are described. Some technological, training and regulatory interventions are suggested to increase safety.
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Musinski, William D. "Novel methods for microstructure-sensitive probabilistic fatigue notch factor." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34704.
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An extensive review of probabilistic techniques in fatigue analysis indicates that
there is a need for new microstructure-sensitive methods in describing the effects
of notches on the fatigue life reduction in cyclically loaded components. Of special
interest are notched components made from polycrystalline nickel-base superalloys,
which are used for high temperature applications in aircraft gas turbine engine disks.
Microstructure-sensitive computational crystal plasticity is combined with novel probabilistic
techniques to determine the probability of failure of notched components
based on the distribution of slip within the notch root region and small crack initiation
processes. The key microstructure features of two Ni-base superalloys, a fine and
coarse grain IN100, are reviewed and the method in which these alloys are computationally
modeled is presented. Next, the geometric model of the notched specimens
and method of finite element polycrystalline reconstruction is demonstrated. Shear-based
fatigue indicator parameters are used to characterize the shear-based, mode I
formation and propagation of fatigue cracks. Finally, two different probabilistic approaches
are described in this work including a grain-scale approach, which describes
the probability of forming a crack on the order of grain size, and a transition crack
length approach, which describes the probability of forming and propagating a crack
to the transition crack length. These approaches are used to construct cumulative
distribution functions for the probability of failure as a function of various notch root
sizes and strain load amplitudes.
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Remenyi, Norbert. "Contributions to Bayesian wavelet shrinkage." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45898.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis provides contributions to research in Bayesian modeling and shrinkage in the wavelet domain. Wavelets are a powerful tool to describe phenomena rapidly changing in time, and wavelet-based modeling has become a standard technique in many areas of statistics, and more broadly, in sciences and engineering. Bayesian modeling and estimation in the wavelet domain have found useful applications in nonparametric regression, image denoising, and many other areas. In this thesis, we build on the existing
techniques and propose new methods for applications in nonparametric regression, image denoising, and partially linear models.
The thesis consists of an overview chapter and four main topics. In Chapter 1, we provide an overview of recent developments and the current status of Bayesian wavelet shrinkage research. The chapter contains an extensive literature review consisting of almost 100 references. The main focus of the overview chapter is on nonparametric regression, where the observations come from an unknown function contaminated with Gaussian noise. We present many methods which employ model-based and adaptive shrinkage of the wavelet coefficients through Bayes rules. These includes new developments such as dependence models, complex wavelets, and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) strategies. Some applications of Bayesian wavelet shrinkage, such as curve classification, are discussed.
In Chapter 2, we propose the Gibbs Sampling Wavelet Smoother (GSWS), an adaptive wavelet denoising methodology. We use the traditional mixture prior on the wavelet coefficients, but also formulate a fully Bayesian hierarchical model in the wavelet domain accounting for the uncertainty of the prior parameters by placing hyperpriors on them. Since a closed-form solution to the Bayes estimator does not exist, the procedure is computational, in which the posterior mean is computed via MCMC simulations. We show how to efficiently develop a Gibbs sampling algorithm for the proposed model. The developed procedure is fully Bayesian, is adaptive to the underlying signal, and provides good denoising performance compared to state-of-the-art methods. Application of the method is illustrated on a real data set arising from the analysis of metabolic pathways, where an iterative shrinkage procedure is developed to preserve the mass balance of the metabolites in the system. We also show how the methodology can be extended to complex wavelet bases.
In Chapter 3, we propose a wavelet-based denoising methodology based on a Bayesian hierarchical model using a double Weibull prior. The interesting feature is that in contrast to the mixture priors traditionally used by some state-of-the-art methods, the wavelet coefficients are modeled by a single density. Two estimators are developed, one based on the posterior mean and the other based on the larger posterior mode; and we show how to calculate these estimators efficiently. The methodology provides good denoising performance, comparable even to state-of-the-art methods that use a mixture prior and an empirical Bayes setting of hyperparameters; this is demonstrated by simulations on standard test functions. An application to a real-word data set is also considered.
In Chapter 4, we propose a wavelet shrinkage method based on a neighborhood of wavelet coefficients, which includes two neighboring coefficients and a parental coefficient. The methodology is called Lambda-neighborhood wavelet
shrinkage, motivated by the shape of the considered neighborhood. We propose a Bayesian hierarchical model using a contaminated exponential prior on the total mean energy in the Lambda-neighborhood. The hyperparameters in the model are estimated by the empirical Bayes method, and the posterior mean, median, and Bayes factor are obtained and used in the estimation of the total mean energy. Shrinkage of the neighboring coefficients is based on the ratio of the estimated and observed energy. The proposed methodology is comparable and often superior to several established wavelet denoising methods that utilize neighboring information, which is demonstrated by extensive simulations. An application to a real-world data set from inductance plethysmography is considered, and an extension to image denoising is discussed.
In Chapter 5, we propose a wavelet-based methodology for estimation and variable selection in partially linear models. The inference is conducted in the wavelet domain, which provides a sparse and localized decomposition appropriate for nonparametric components with various degrees of smoothness. A hierarchical Bayes model is formulated on the parameters of this representation, where the estimation and variable selection is performed by a Gibbs sampling procedure. For both the parametric and nonparametric part of the model we are using point-mass-at-zero contamination priors with a double exponential spread distribution. In this sense we extend the model of Chapter 2 to partially linear models. Only a few papers in the area of partially linear wavelet models exist, and we show that the proposed methodology is often superior to the existing methods with respect to the task of estimating model parameters. Moreover, the method is able to perform Bayesian variable selection by a stochastic search for the parametric part of the model.
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Yin, Jiani. "Bayesian Nonparametric Models for Multi-Stage Sample Surveys." Digital WPI, 2016. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/197.
Full textAbstract:
It is a standard practice in small area estimation (SAE) to use a model-based approach to borrow information from neighboring areas or from areas with similar characteristics. However, survey data tend to have gaps, ties and outliers, and parametric models may be problematic because statistical inference is sensitive to parametric assumptions. We propose nonparametric hierarchical Bayesian models for multi-stage finite population sampling to robustify the inference and allow for heterogeneity, outliers, skewness, etc. Bayesian predictive inference for SAE is studied by embedding a parametric model in a nonparametric model. The Dirichlet process (DP) has attractive properties such as clustering that permits borrowing information. We exemplify by considering in detail two-stage and three-stage hierarchical Bayesian models with DPs at various stages. The computational difficulties of the predictive inference when the population size is much larger than the sample size can be overcome by the stick-breaking algorithm and approximate methods. Moreover, the model comparison is conducted by computing log pseudo marginal likelihood and Bayes factors. We illustrate the methodology using body mass index (BMI) data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and simulated data. We conclude that a nonparametric model should be used unless there is a strong belief in the specific parametric form of a model.
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Burich, I. V., and E. V. Shkarupa. "Eco-innovations as the base of green regional development." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36072.
Full textAbstract:
It is known that sustainable development is the basis of effective environmental and economic activity due to the development of innovative techniques and technology. The necessity of creating a sustainable environment requires deep understanding and formation of mechanisms of effective management, taking into account environmental factors. One of the best ways to achieve these goals, to the implement the mechanisms for effective environmental management at the regional level is the creation new forms of development based on eco-innovations. These days, eco-innovation presents interesting growth perspectives for an ever greater number of businesses thanks to a wide variety of niche market opportunities.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36072