Journal articles on the topic 'Battery separators'
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Wang, Ya Can, Da Yong Wu, Qi Zheng, Zhe Fang, and Jie Jiao. "China’s New Nanofibrous Power Lithium-Ion Battery Separator and its Commercialization Status." Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (January 2012): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.452-453.95.
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The development of separator is the key issue in the development of lithium battery and further more in hybrid power automobile and BEV Nowadays, the lithium-ion battery separator industry in China falls short of independent innovations and global competitiveness, and is still at its early stages. In addition, the demand of separators in China still relies on import. The nanofibrous lithium-ion battery separators produced by electrospinning bears the quality of high cycle performance, strong thermal stability, and high discharge rate etc, thus can meet the needs of high-standard batteries. In this study, we introduce the new electrospun fibrous separators, present its manufacturing procedures and products properties, analyze the status of the lithium-ion battery separator industry and put forward possible solutions.
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Liu, T., S. Zhou, and J. Wang. "Research progress of lithium-ion battery separator." Grand Altai Research & Education / Наука и образование Большого Алтая, no. 1(17) (July 11, 2022): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25712/astu.2410-485x.2022.01.010.
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As one of the inner layer components of lithium-ion batteries, the separator plays the role of blocking the positive and negative electrodes and providing channels for the movement of lithium ions. This chapter mainly expounds the use and performance characteristics of lithium-ion battery separators, the research progress of the three most widely used lithium battery separators, and systematically analyzes the characteristics of various thin-film materials, as well as the current four major processes for preparing separators: dry and wet. Method, centrifugal spinning method, electrospinning method, etc., and the future development direction of lithium-ion battery separator is prospected.
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Cui, Chenyang, Qizhou Li, and Yongqi Zhuo. "The Development of High-Power LIBs Separators." E3S Web of Conferences 308 (2021): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130801012.
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Separators present the crucial functions of separating the positive and negative electrodes due to the free flow of lithium ions through the liquid electrolyte that fills in their open pore. Separators for liquid electrolyte Lithium-ion batteries can be classified into porous polymeric membranes, nonwoven mats, and cellulose separators. When a lithium-ion battery is being overcharged, it releases the heat and results in the inner-short. The polyethylene (PE) separators used here had shut down at around 135°C to cool the exothermal batteries. To enhance the meltdown temperature of the separator, a PE separator was coated with polymers synthesized from various ethylene glycol dimethacrylate monomers. At the same time, nonwoven mats have the potential to be low cost and thermally stable separators. Furthermore, the lithium-ion phosphate/lithium half cell using cellulose separator exhibited stable charge-discharge capability even at 120 °C. This paper presents an overview of the PE and PP membranes of lithium-ion battery separators, discusses how to solve their disadvantages, and reviews the cellulose-based materials developed for potential application in the lithium-ion battery.
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Pléha, David, Petr Dvořák, Miroslav Kunovjánek, Michal Musil, and Ondrej Čech. "Battery Separators." ECS Transactions 40, no. 1 (December 16, 2019): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.4729098.
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Arora, Pankaj, and Zhengming (John) Zhang. "Battery Separators." Chemical Reviews 104, no. 10 (October 2004): 4419–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr020738u.
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Huang, Guanghua, Haohan Wu, Gongxun Cao, Zhijun Liu, Hanlin Hu, and Shifeng Guo. "Application of a New Polymer Particle Adhesive for Lithium Battery Separators." Coatings 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13010021.
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Lithium battery separators play a critical role in the performance and safety of lithium batteries. In this work, four kinds of polymer particle adhesives (G1–G4) for lithium battery separators were synthesized via dispersion polymerization, using styrene, butyl acrylate and acrylonitrile as monomers. The particle size/size distributions, particle morphologies and glass transition temperatures (Tg) of polymer particle adhesives were explored using laser particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The adhesion strengths between the battery separators and the poles piece were examined using a tensile machine. The prepared polymer particle adhesive with a uniform distribution of particle size was obtained when the mass ratio of ethanol to water reached 85:15. Compared with the other three polymer particle adhesives, the prepared G3 coated on the surface of the battery separator exhibited a stronger adhesion with the battery pole piece. In addition, the Land battery test system was applied to examine the electrochemical performance of the lithium battery assembled with the battery separator with the prepared polymer particle adhesives. The results suggest that the electrochemical performance of the lithium battery assembled with the battery separator with polymer particle adhesive G3 is the best among the four counterparts.
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Xu, Yuan, Jian-Wei Zhu, Jun-Bo Fang, Xiao Li, Miao Yu, and Yun-Ze Long. "Electrospun High-Thermal-Resistant Inorganic Composite Nonwoven as Lithium-Ion Battery Separator." Journal of Nanomaterials 2020 (January 23, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3879040.
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Separators are key materials to ensure the safety of lithium-ion batteries and improve their performance. Currently, commercial lithium-ion battery separators are mainly polyolefin organic diaphragms, but their temperature instability leads to battery short circuit and fire risk. A flexible SiO2 nanofiber membrane combined with a poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) nanofiber membrane is prepared by an electrospinning method. The mechanical strength of the SiO2/PVDF-HFP composite nanofiber membrane (SPF) is twice as high as the pure SiO2 nanofiber membrane and at 200°C, there are almost no dimensional changes of the SPF separators. Compared to commercial polyethylene (PE) separators, SPF shows excellent thermal stability and large-area closed cells at 180°C when used in lithium-ion battery separators. The porosity of SPF is 89.7%, which is more than twice than that of an ordinary PE separator. The liquid absorption rate of SPF is much higher than an ordinary PE separator and has reached 483%. Furthermore, the cycle and rate performance of lithium-ion batteries prepared by SPF has been improved significantly. These excellent properties, as well as the potential for large-scale production of electrospinning technology, make SPF an ideal choice for high-power battery separators.
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Li, Ao, Anthony Chun Yin Yuen, Wei Wang, Ivan Miguel De Cachinho Cordeiro, Cheng Wang, Timothy Bo Yuan Chen, Jin Zhang, Qing Nian Chan, and Guan Heng Yeoh. "A Review on Lithium-Ion Battery Separators towards Enhanced Safety Performances and Modelling Approaches." Molecules 26, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020478.
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In recent years, the applications of lithium-ion batteries have emerged promptly owing to its widespread use in portable electronics and electric vehicles. Nevertheless, the safety of the battery systems has always been a global concern for the end-users. The separator is an indispensable part of lithium-ion batteries since it functions as a physical barrier for the electrode as well as an electrolyte reservoir for ionic transport. The properties of separators have direct influences on the performance of lithium-ion batteries, therefore the separators play an important role in the battery safety issue. With the rapid developments of applied materials, there have been extensive efforts to utilize these new materials as battery separators with enhanced electrical, fire, and explosion prevention performances. In this review, we aim to deliver an overview of recent advancements in numerical models on battery separators. Moreover, we summarize the physical properties of separators and benchmark selective key performance indicators. A broad picture of recent simulation studies on separators is given and a brief outlook for the future directions is also proposed.
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Li, Yanyan, Yu Zhao, Yong Yang, Zhijie Wang, Qin Yang, and Jiaojiao Deng. "Functional Separators for Long-Life and Safe Li Metal Batteries: A Minireview." Polymers 14, no. 21 (October 26, 2022): 4546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214546.
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Lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) have received extensive research attention in recent years because of their high energy density. However, uncontrollable Li dendrite growth deteriorates the battery life and brings about severe safety hazards. The rational design of battery separators is an effective approach to regulate uniform Li metal deposition towards boosted cycle life and safety of LMBs. Herein, we review the recent research progress concerning this issue, including mechanically strengthened separator fabrication, functional separator construction towards regulated Li ion deposition, and flame-retardant separator design. Moreover, the key issues and prospects of optimal design of separators are clarified for future development. This minireview is expected to bring new insight into developing advanced separators for long-life and safe LMBs.
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Li, Yajie, Liting Sha, Peili Lv, Na Qiu, Wei Zhao, Bin Chen, Pu Hu, and Geng Zhang. "Influences of Separator Thickness and Surface Coating on Lithium Dendrite Growth: A Phase-Field Study." Materials 15, no. 22 (November 9, 2022): 7912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15227912.
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Li dendrite growth, which causes potential internal short circuit and reduces battery cycle life, is the main hazard to lithium metal batteries. Separators have the potential to suppress dendrite growth by regulating Li+ distribution without increasing battery weight significantly. However, the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. In this paper, we apply an electrochemical phase-field model to investigate the influences of separator thickness and surface coating on dendrite growth. It is found that dendrite growth under thicker separators is relatively uniform and the average dendrite length is shorter since the ion concentration within thicker separators is more uniform. Moreover, compared to single layer separators, the electrodeposition morphology under particle-coated separators is smoother since the particles can effectively regulate Li ionic flux and homogenize Li deposition. This study provides significant guidance for designing separators that inhibit dendrites effectively.
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Veitl, Jakob, Hans-Konrad Weber, Martin Frankenberger, and Karl-Heinz Pettinger. "Modification of Battery Separators via Electrospinning to Enable Lamination in Cell Assembly." Energies 15, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 8430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228430.
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To meet the requirements of today’s fast-growing Li-ion battery market, cell production depends on cheap, fast and reliable methods. Lamination of electrodes and separators can accelerate the time-consuming stacking step in pouch cell assembly, reduce scrap rate and enhance battery performance. However, few laminable separators are available on the market so far. This study introduces electrospinning as a well-suited technique to apply thin functional polymer layers to common battery separator types, enabling lamination. The method is shown to be particularly appropriate for temperature resistant ceramic separators, for which stable interfaces between separator and electrodes were formed and capacity fading during 600 fast charging cycles was reduced by 44%. In addition, a straightforward approach to apply the method to other types of separators is presented, including separator characterization, coating polymer selection, mechanical tests on intermediates and electrochemical validation in pouch cells. The concept was successfully used for the modification of a polyethylene separator, to which a novel fluoroelastomer was applied. The stability of the electrode/separator interface depends on the polymer mass loading, lamination temperature and lamination pressure, whereas poorly selected lamination conditions may cause damage on the separator. Appropriate adhesion force of 8.3 N/m could be achieved using a polymer loading as low as 0.25 g/m2. In case separator properties, coating polymer, morphology of the fibrous coating and lamination conditions are well adjusted to each other, the implementation of electrospinning and lamination allows for faster, more flexible and robust pouch cell production at comparable or better electrochemical cell behaviour.
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Wang, Baichuan, Wenbin Fu, Fujia Wang, and Gleb Yushin. "Ceramic Nanowire Coated Membrane As Thermally Stable Battery Separator." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 64 (October 9, 2022): 2314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02642314mtgabs.
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Separators play an important role in battery electrochemistry and safety. In general, a good separator is required to be both physically and chemically stable, avoiding unwanted reactions with strong oxidizing or reducing electrolytes near the cathode and anode surfaces, while maintaining mechanical strength avoiding failures despite the cyclic mechanical stresses during battery operation.[1] Separator is also needed to be wettable by the electrolyte and sufficiently porous to provide low resistance to ion transport and enable fast charging. Currently, most commercial separators based on polyolefin such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) are widely used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, polyolefin separators suffer from low heat resistance due to their low melting points (usually <160 ℃), which may cause safety concerns. In addition, they are not wetted well by all electrolytes and are often not designed for ultra-fast charging. Compared to PP or PE, polyetherimide (PEI) has a higher melting point (> 300 ℃). Porous PEI separator membranes can be fabricated via phase inversion method [2] to provide good ion conductivity and a higher heat resistance. Yet, the weak tensile/puncture strength could make it vulnerable towards mechanical damages during battery cycling. PEI also experiences severe shrinkage at high temperatures (>240 °C). To address these issues, we developed a facile and scalable strategy to incorporate a thin layer of ceramic nanowires on both surfaces of the PEI membrane. Heat resistance tests suggest our separators can survive high temperature up to 400 °C, as the coating minimized the shrinkage of the PEI. The inner polymer layer could melt at elevated temperatures, thus forming a shut-down layer between the ceramic layer to further enhance cell safety. These results indicate our nanowire coated separators can allow batteries to operate safely even at extremely high temperatures. References: [1] M. F. Lagadec, R. Zahn, and V. Wood, “Characterization and performance evaluation of lithium-ion battery separators,” Nature Energy, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 16–25, Dec. 2018, doi: 10.1038/s41560-018-0295-9. [2] J. Liu et al., “SiO2 blending polyetherimide separator modified with acetylene black/polyvinylpyrrolidone coating layer to enhance performance for lithium‐sulfur batteries,” International Journal of Energy Research, vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 16551–16564, May 2021, doi: 10.1002/er.6902. [3] Q. Wang, J. Yang, Z. Wang, L. Shi, Y. Zhao, and S. Yuan, “Dual‐Scale Al 2 O 3 Particles Coating for High‐Performance Separator and Lithium Metal Anode,” Energy Technology, vol. 8, no. 5, p. 1901429, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1002/ente.201901429. [4] P. S. Kim, A. Le Mong, and D. Kim, “Thermal, mechanical, and electrochemical stability enhancement of Al2O3 coated polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene separator via poly(vinylidene fluoride)-poly(ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate) semi-interpenetrating network binder,” Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 612, p. 118481, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118481.
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Pan, Yuede, Shulei Chou, Hua Kun Liu, and Shi Xue Dou. "Functional membrane separators for next-generation high-energy rechargeable batteries." National Science Review 4, no. 6 (April 4, 2017): 917–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx037.
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Abstract The membrane separator is a key component in a liquid-electrolyte battery for electrically separating the cathode and the anode, meanwhile ensuring ionic transport between them. Besides these basic requirements, endowing the separator with specific beneficial functions is now being paid great attention because it provides an important alternative approach for the development of batteries, particularly next-generation high-energy rechargeable batteries. Herein, functional separators are overviewed based on four key criteria of next-generation high-energy rechargeable batteries: stable, safe, smart and sustainable (4S). That is, the applied membrane materials and the corresponding functioning mechanisms of the 4S separators are reviewed. Functional separators with selective permeability have been applied to retard unwanted migration of the specific species (e.g. polysulfide anions in Li-S batteries) from one electrode to the other in order to achieve stable cycling operation. The covered battery types are Li-S, room-temperature Na-S, Li-organic, organic redox-flow (RF) and Li-air batteries. Safe, smart and sustainable separators are then described in sequence following the first criterion of stable cycling. In the final section, key challenges and potential opportunities in the development of 4S separators are discussed.
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McRay, Hunter Addison, Marjanul Manjum, Saheed Adewale Lateef, Drew Joseph Pereira, and Golareh Jalilvand. "Investigation of Cellulose-Based Separators for Secondary Lithium Metal Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 1 (October 9, 2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02173mtgabs.
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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been the predominant energy storage technology for a variety of applications such as portable electronic devices and wireless power tools. However, the rising demand for emerging technologies such as long-range electric vehicles and grid-level energy storage and delivery has drastically increased the necessity for low-cost LIBs with enhanced performance and safety. Improvements in the modern LIB technology can be achieved through improvements in different, individual components of the battery. Among the key components of the battery, the separator plays a vital role. To date, polypropylene (PP)/polyethylene (PE) membranes have been used as separators in LIBs due to their desired electrochemical stability. However, these separator materials suffer from low thermal stability, which results in their deformation or decomposition at elevated temperatures upon high charging rates1. A dangerous consequence of this material degradation is an electrical short, leading to an aggressive discharge of the battery and subsequent fire. Moreover, PP/PE separators possess relatively low electrolyte wettability and an expensive and eco-unfriendly fabrication process. Hence, alternative separator materials for future LIB technology are indispensable. Among alternative separator materials, cellulose is a promising candidate2. Cellulose is derived from biomass which is one of the most abundant and renewable resources on Earth. It also is non-toxic and has high mechanical and chemical stability. Additionally, with an initial decomposition temperature of 270°C, cellulose offers a major advantage in thermal stability compared to its polymeric competitors3. The thermal and electrochemical stability, electrolyte wettability, and performance of cellulose-based separators in LIBs have been studied3,4. However, those reports mostly consider the conventional LIB electrode materials– Li transition metal oxide and graphite; and focus on the separator/electrolyte compatibility. Therefore, to be considered for future generations of high-performance Li-based batteries, cellulose-based separators must be investigated in batteries with new electrode chemistries. This work presents new insights on the interaction of cellulose-based separator and metallic Li – the leading candidate for future anodes. Coin cells were prepared using various cathode materials, Li metal anode, and a commercial cellulose-based separator. The cycling performance of the cells was tested at different C rates. Results were compared with the cycling performance of the coin cells with similar electrodes but a commercial PP/PE separator. Comparable discharge profiles were observed in the two groups of cells, but the cellulose separator hampered the charging process. Additional electrochemical analysis suggested an undesired interaction between the cellulose-based separator and metallic Li. To further understand this interaction, various protective coatings on the separator were investigated, the results of which suggest a mechanical degradation in the cellulose separator during cycling and consequently a soft short. These results are expected to provide a new understanding regarding the stability of cellulose-based separators in Li metal-containing batteries, which can help with their implementation in the next generation of Li-based batteries with enhanced performance and safety. References: Zhang, J.; Liu, Z.; Kong, Q.; Zhang, C.; Pang, S.; Yue, L.; Wang, X.; Yao, J.; Cui, G. Renewable and Superior Thermal-Resistant Cellulose-Based Composite Nonwoven as Lithium-Ion Battery Separator. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 5, 1, 128-134. Yu, B.; Park, K.; Jang, J.; Goodenough, J. Cellulose-Based Porous Membrane for Suppressing Li Dendrite Formation in Lithium-Sulfur Battery. ACS Energy Lett. 2016, 1, 3, 633-637. Zhang, H.; Wang, X.; Liang, Y. Preparations and Characterization of a Lithium-ion Battery Separator from Cellulose Nanofibers. Heliyon, 2015, 1, 2, e00032. Sheng, J.; Tong, S.; He, Z.; Yang, R. Recent Developments of Cellulose Materials for Lithium-ion Battery Separators. Cellulose 2017, 24, 4103-4122.
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Chen, Kailin, Yingxin Li, and Haoxiang Zhan. "Advanced separators for lithium-ion batteries." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1011, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1011/1/012009.
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Abstract The separator technology is a major area of interest in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for high-energy and high-power applications such as portable electronics, electric vehicles and energy storage for power grids. Separators play an essential part that physically prevents direct contact between positive and negative electrodes while acting as an electrolyte reservoir to transport lithium ions. The characteristics of different separators would directly affect the performance under cell abuse; hence separators are crucial for battery safety. This paper introduces the characteristics of separators, means to improve traditional commercial polymeric separators and novel materials for separators. Other novel high-performance separators are also briefly discussed in this paper. Insights from this paper illustrate that various strategies could enhance the performance of separators, and better performance and safety can be achieved in separators in high-energy lithium-ion batteries.
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Heydorn, Raymond Leopold, Jana Niebusch, David Lammers, Marion Görke, Georg Garnweitner, Katrin Dohnt, and Rainer Krull. "Production and Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose Separators for Nickel-Zinc Batteries." Energies 15, no. 15 (August 6, 2022): 5727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155727.
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The need for energy-storing technologies with lower environmental impact than Li-ion batteries but similar power metrics has revived research in Zn-based battery chemistries. The application of bio-based materials as a replacement for current components can additionally contribute to an improved sustainability of Zn battery systems. For that reason, bacterial cellulose (BC) was investigated as separator material in Ni-Zn batteries. Following the biotechnological production of BC, the biopolymer was purified, and differently shaped separators were generated while surveying the alterations of its crystalline structure via X-ray diffraction measurements during the whole manufacturing process. A decrease in crystallinity and a partial change of the BC crystal allomorph type Iα to II was determined upon soaking in electrolyte. Electrolyte uptake was found to be accompanied by dimensional shrinkage and swelling, which was associated with partial decrystallization and hydration of the amorphous content. The separator selectivity for hydroxide and zincate ions was higher for BC-based separators compared to commercial glass-fiber (GF) or polyolefin separators as estimated from the obtained diffusion coefficients. Electrochemical cycling showed good C-rate capability of cells based on BC and GF separators, whereas cell aging was pronounced in both cases due to Zn migration and anode passivation. Lower electrolyte retention was concluded as major reason for faster capacity fading due to zincate supersaturation within the BC separator. However, combining a dense BC separator with low zincate permeability with a porous one as electrolyte reservoir reduced ZnO accumulation within the separator and improved cycling stability, hence showing potentials for separator adjustment.
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Tenhaeff, Wyatt. "(Invited) Multifunctional Lithium Ion Battery Separators through Polymerization-Induced Phase Separation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 1 (October 9, 2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02128mtgabs.
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In state-of-the-art lithium ion batteries, separators (microporous membranes) play a passive yet critical role – hosting liquid electrolyte and maintaining physical separation of the electrodes. However, as the demands on lithium ion batteries increase, with an emphasis on greater energy density, longevity (cycle/calendar life), and safety, engineering separators to take a on more active role in the cell (electro)chemistry is expected to be an important strategy. Myriad membrane materials and separator designs have been developed to impart additional functionality, for example, acid and/or transition metal scavenging, temperature responsiveness, enhanced thermal stability, increased ion dissociation, combustion suppression, and mechanical strength. In this talk, I will preset my group’s approach to additive manufacturing of next-generation lithium ion battery separators. Our approach is based on polymerization induced phase separation (PIPS), wherein polymerizable monomers (or prepolymer resins) are mixed with porogen. Through rapid, low-cost, readily scalable photopolymerization, the monomers are converted to a crosslinked polymer network, which results in the porogen becoming immiscible and phase separating through spinodal decomposition. By tuning the thermodynamics of the polymer-porogen mixture and photopolymerization kinetics, the porosity and pore size of the resulting polymeric phase can be tuned. We have shown that ethylene carbonate (EC) mixed with common acrylate monomers, such as 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, is an effective porogen. Most importantly because EC is an indispensable component in liquid electrolytes, it does not need to be extracted from the separator prior to incorporation into the electrochemical cell. By controlling the ratio of the 1,4-butanediol diacrylate (BDDA) monomer to EC, monolithic microporous membranes are readily prepared with 25 µm thickness and pore sizes and porosities ranging from 6.8 to 22nm and 15.4% to 38.54%, respectively. The optimal poly(1,4-butanediol diacrylate) (pBDDA) separator has a porosity of 38.5% and average pore size of 22 nm; uptakes 127% liquid electrolyte by mass, and has an ionic conductivity of 1.98 mS/cm, which is higher than that of Celgard 2500. Lithium ion battery half cells consisting of LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 cathodes and pBDDA separators were shown to undergo reversible charge/discharge cycling with an average discharge capacity of 142 mAh/g and a capacity retention of 98.4% over 100 cycles - comparable to cells using state-of-the-art separators. Furthermore, the pBDDA separators were shown to be thermally stable to 400°C, lack low temperature thermal transitions that can compromise cell safety, and exhibits no thermal shrinkage up to 150°C. I will also discuss my group’s efforts to engineer separators with additional functionality to improve cell performance under abuse conditions.
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Fang, Haoyu, Ruixu Wang, Tongzhao Yan, and Yiyang Yan. "The High-performance Separators in the Power Lithiumi-on Batteries." E3S Web of Conferences 308 (2021): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130801008.
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In order to tackle different challenges related to the conventional energy consumptions in the near future, people need to dig more into the different types of green new energies, and the use of lithium-ion battery plays a very important role. It is necessary to enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries via the improvement of separators. Lithium-ion batteries are now widely used in the electrical vehicles industries for their high power, long life circle, small weight and volume, large operating temperature range, and no memory effects. Separators are one of the important components of lithium-ion batteries since they can isolate the electrodes and prevent electrical short-circuits. The separator is a key element in all lithium-ion battery systems since it allows the control over the movement of ions between the anode and the cathode during the charge and discharge processes. Nowadays, to meet the safety demands of batteries, thermo-tolerant separators have become increasingly important for battery design and performances. As a result, some potential developments of the separators such as the inorganic coating and heat-resisting polymer methods are explained in this article. At the same time, the developments of those methods will also be discussed.
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Liang, Zheng, Yun Zhao, and Yanxi Li. "Electrospun Core-Shell Nanofiber as Separator for Lithium-Ion Batteries with High Performance and Improved Safety." Energies 12, no. 17 (September 3, 2019): 3391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173391.
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Though the energy density of lithium-ion batteries continues to increase, safety issues related to the internal short circuit and the resulting combustion of highly flammable electrolytes impede the further development of lithium-ion batteries. It has been well-accepted that a thermal stable separator is important to postpone the entire battery short circuit and thermal runaway. Traditional methods to improve the thermal stability of separators include surface modification and/or developing alternate material systems for separators, which may affect the battery performance negatively. Herein, a thermostable and shrink-free separator with little compromise in battery performance was prepared by coaxial electrospinning and tested. The separator consisted of core-shell fiber networks where poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) layer served as shell and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the core. This core-shell fiber network exhibited little or even no shrinking/melting at elevated temperature over 250 °C. Meanwhile, it showed excellent electrolyte wettability and could take large amounts of liquid electrolyte, three times more than that of conventional Celgard 2400 separator. In addition, the half-cell using LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 as cathode and the aforementioned electrospun core-shell fiber network as separator demonstrated superior electrochemical behavior, stably cycling for 200 cycles at 1 C with a reversible capacity of 130 mA·h·g−1 and little capacity decay.
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Alex Tullo. "Asahi Kasei expands battery separators." C&EN Global Enterprise 99, no. 10 (March 22, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-09910-buscon7.
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Barbosa, João, José Dias, Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez, and Carlos Costa. "Recent Advances in Poly(vinylidene fluoride) and Its Copolymers for Lithium-Ion Battery Separators." Membranes 8, no. 3 (July 19, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes8030045.
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The separator membrane is an essential component of lithium-ion batteries, separating the anode and cathode, and controlling the number and mobility of the lithium ions. Among the polymer matrices most commonly investigated for battery separators are poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE), poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), and poly(vinylidene fluoride-cochlorotrifluoroethylene) (PVDF-CTFE), due to their excellent properties such as high polarity and the possibility of controlling the porosity of the materials through binary and ternary polymer/solvent systems, among others. This review presents the recent advances on battery separators based on PVDF and its copolymers for lithium-ion batteries. It is divided into the following sections: single polymer and co-polymers, surface modification, composites, and polymer blends. Further, a critical comparison between those membranes and other separator membranes is presented, as well as the future trends on this area.
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Khodaverdi, Fartash, Mehran Javanbakht, Ali Vaziri, and Mehdi Jahanfar. "The Effect of Different Ratios of Malonic Acid to Plyvinylalcohol on Electrochemical and Mechanical Properties of Polyacrylonitrile Electrospun Separators in Lithium-Ion Batteries." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 65, no. 4 (August 26, 2021): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.17904.
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The present study aimed to investigate the mechanical, thermal, and electrochemical properties of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) electrospun separators in the presence of Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) hydrophilic materials and Malonic Acid (MA) crosslinker inside the lithium-ion batteries. The results showed that the M3 modified separator with the MA to PVA+MA (wt./wt.) optimum ratio of 37.5 % had the best performance in all tests. This separator had a value of 3.16 mS/cm in the ion conductivity test. Additionally, it had an electrolyte uptake of 1172 % (2.39 times more than the neat PAN separator) and thermal shrinkage of 7.4 % at 180 °C, where this value was 14.5 % for neat PAN separator at the same experimental condition. Furthermore, the acceptable performance in the battery performance tests was compared with other separators.
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Zhang, Zhi Qiang, Hua Li, Xiao Yuan Lv, He Zhou Liu, and Li Xuan Theng. "MMA-Grafted PE Separators of Lithium-Ion Battery Prepared by UV-Radiated Grafting." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 1378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.1378.
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In this paper, ultraviolet (UV) radiated grafting technique was introduced to the modifying of lithium-ion battery separator, and methyl methacrylate (MMA) grafted polyethylene separators were prepared through this technique to improve the affinity between the separator and liquid electrolyte, and thus improve the battery performance. Bulk photografting process was conducted, while solution grafting processes in petroleum ether, ethanol, acetone, and butyl acylate were conducted for comparison as well, the grafting degree could reach 49%. Infrared spectroscopy results showed that MMA could be efficiently grafted by UV radiation. Influence of photosensitizer concentration and radiation time was disscussed, and the morphology was observed in this paper as well.
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Bera, Bapi, Anirban Roy, Douglas Aaron, and Matthew M. Mench. "Understanding the Transport Phenomena in Solid State Battery (SSB)." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 1 (July 7, 2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01145mtgabs.
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The state-of-the-art Li-ion battery has energy density plateauing at ~300 Wh/kg. Replacing the graphite-based anode with Li metal is the easiest way to increase energy density. However, a lithium metal anode is prone to non-uniform plating/striping that leads to capacity decay and dendrite formation. Dendrites trigger short-circuiting and possible explosions as the liquid electrolytes that are used in Li-ion batteries are flammable. Solid-state batteries (SSBs) have the potential to enable Li-metal anodes as they are typically less reactive and nonflammable. Additionally, SSBs exhibit greater mechanical stability and can prevent dendritic growth [1,2]. Furthermore, solid electrolytes show much higher thermal stability, are non-toxic, and have high energy density, making the solid-state battery one of the best choices for the next generation of energy storage devices. Solid polymer electrolytes are an important class of materials for making solid-state batteries commercially viable. These have the potential to increase energy density and decrease contact resistance between anode and separator by formation of a suitable solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) [1]. However, this technology still has major hurdles to overcome, like lower Li-ion conductivity when compared to state-of-art ceramic separators. In recent years, garnet-type lithium oxide perovskites have gained attractiveness as state-of-art ceramic separators for SSBs. LLZTO is one such ceramic electrolyte that is being thoroughly investigated by researchers as it shows very high Li-ion conductivity at room temperature [2]. However, these materials suffer from poor interfacial contact. Recently, Yang, et al., [3] combined the best of both worlds with a new type of solid polymer separator which has better physical contact between separator and lithium and good li-ion conductivity at room temperature. In this work, we investigate the transport of Li-ions across both a solid polymer electrolyte and LLZTO solid electrolyte using a symmetric Li-cell configuration. Fig. 1 (a) and (c) show the Li plating/stripping cycling performance in a symmetric cell. The cell voltage measured during plating and stripping is to be very high for LLZTO compared to polymer electrolyte. A possible explanation may be due to high interfacial resistance arising between solid ceramic and lithium metal. Impedance spectroscopy was performed on both LLZTO and polymer separators after each current density step (24 h) and shown in Fig. 1 (b) and (d) respectively. The impedance increased with cycling for the LLZTO separator but decreased with cycling for polymer electrolyte. This may indicate that better interfacial contact between Li and polymer exists and that these connections may become more established while cycling. Furthermore, the transport of Li-ions across the separators will be analyzed using the transference number calculated using the Bruce-Vincent method. The influence of temperature and separator thickness on the transference number will also be used to characterize the nature of ion transport across such solid electrolyte separators. Such deep understanding of the transport mechanism is needed to minimize the different losses in SSBs and make it commercially viable. Figure 1: Li plating/stripping cycling performance of the (a) LLZTO electrolyte, and (c) PEO polymer electrolyte at different current density, with 12 minutes for each plating/stripping half cycle, for a total of 72 h at 70 ℃ temperature and their corresponding impedance are shown in (b) and (d) respectively. References R. Sahore, Z. Du, X. C. Chen, W. B. Hawley, A. S. Westover, and N. J. Dudney, Practical considerations for testing polymer electrolytes for high-energy solid-state batteries, ACS Energy Lett. 2021, 6, 2240-2247. A. Parejiya, R. Amin, M. B. Dixit, R. Essehli, C. J. Jafta, D. L. Wood, III, and I. Belharouak, Improving contact impedance via electrochemical pulses applied to lithium−solid electrolyte interface in solid-state batteries, ACS Energy Lett. 2021, 6, 3669−3675. Yang at al, Copper-coordinated cellulose ion conductors for solid-state batteries, Nature, 2021, 598, 590−596. Figure 1
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Wang, Xiaodong, Yuan Hu, Lei Li, Haiyan Fang, Xu Fan, and Shengfei Li. "Preparation and performance of polypropylene separator modified by SiO2/PVA layer for lithium batteries." e-Polymers 19, no. 1 (August 7, 2019): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2019-0049.
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AbstractAn aqueous silica (SiO2) dispersion was prepared by using silica as ceramic particles, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binder and deionized water as a dispersion medium. A SiO2 ceramic layer was applied to the surface of the polypropylene (PP) separator by dip coating. The separators before and after modification were characterized by XRD, SEM, DTA, lyophilic performance test, contact angle test and heat resistance test. The separators were assembled into lithium-ion batteries for electrochemical performance test. The results show that after the successful introduction of SiO2/PVA coating on the surface of PP separator, the lyophilic and heat resistance and electrochemical performance of PP separator have been improved significantly. The battery rate performance and cycle performance are significantly improved. Especially the capacity retention rate of the original separator was only 75.79% at 100 charge-discharge times, and that of the modified separator was as high as 87.18%.
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Zhang, Bo-Wen, Bo Sun, Pei Fu, Feng Liu, Chen Zhu, Bao-Ming Xu, Yong Pan, and Chi Chen. "A Review of the Application of Modified Separators in Inhibiting the “shuttle effect” of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries." Membranes 12, no. 8 (August 17, 2022): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12080790.
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Lithium-sulfur batteries with high theoretical specific capacity and high energy density are considered to be one of the most promising energy storage devices. However, the “shuttle effect” caused by the soluble polysulphide intermediates migrating back and forth between the positive and negative electrodes significantly reduces the active substance content of the battery and hinders the commercial applications of lithium–sulfur batteries. The separator being far from the electrochemical reaction interface and in close contact with the electrode poses an important barrier to polysulfide shuttle. Therefore, the electrochemical performance including coulombic efficiency and cycle stability of lithium–sulfur batteries can be effectively improved by rationally designing the separator. In this paper, the research progress of the modification of lithium–sulfur battery separators is reviewed from the perspectives of adsorption effect, electrostatic effect, and steric hindrance effect, and a novel modification of the lithium–sulfur battery separator is prospected.
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Baggett, Andrew, Christian E. Alvarez Pugliese, and Gerardine G. Botte. "Thin-Separator for Low-Melting Point Thermal Battery Electrolytes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 64 (October 9, 2022): 2325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02642325mtgabs.
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Thermal Batteries have been used extensively as the primary power source for defense applications, with operating temperatures that typically operate above 400 °C. The battery uses a solid electrolyte that is inactive at ambient temperature and can be stored with little to no power loss for long periods (>25 years)[1]. Recent efforts have been done in the implementation of high porosity ceramic felt separators for electrolyte immobilization in thermal batteries [2], which resulted in a higher specific energy density of the thermal cells with ceramic felt compared to the traditional MgO separators, due to the increased ionic conductivity of the separator layer. In this research, a low melting point eutectic electrolyte (CsBr-LiBr-KBr) was immobilized in ceramic felt separators and tested for the LiSi/FeS2 system. Reducing the melting point of the electrolyte has several advantages such as reducing the activation time and the amount of pyrotechnic material needed to activate the battery, and it also opens the opportunity to lower temperature applications (275-400 °C) such as geothermal instrumentation[3]. Findings of this work will be presented at the meeting. [1] R. A. Guidotti and P. Masset, “Thermally activated (‘thermal’) battery technology. Part I: An overview,” J. Power Sources, vol. 161, no. 2, pp. 1443–1449, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.013. [2] A. Yazdani, M. Sanghadasa, and G. G. Botte, “Integration of ceramic felt as separator / electrolyte in lithium salt thermal batteries and the prospect of rechargeability,” J. Power Sources, vol. 521, no. January, p. 230967, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230967. [3] R. A. Guidotti and F. W. Reinhardt, “Guidotti, R. A., & Reinhardt, F. W. Characterization of the LiSi/CsBr-LiBr-KBr/FeS (2) System for Potential Use as a Geothermal Borehole Power Source (1999). Characterization of the LiSi/CsBr-LiBr-KBr/FeS (2) System for Potential Use as a Geothermal Borehole Power Source,” . Sandia National Lab No. SAND99-1702C. United States, 1999.
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Hattendorff, J., J. Landesfeind, A. Ehrl, W. A. Wall, and H. A. Gasteiger. "Effective Ionic Resistance in Battery Separators." ECS Transactions 69, no. 1 (October 2, 2015): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/06901.0135ecst.
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Francisco, Mark, Cheng-Tang Pan, Bo-Hao Liao, Mao-Sung Wu, Ru-Yuan Yang, Jay Chu, Zhi-Hong Wen, Chien-Feng Liao, and Yow-Ling Shiue. "Fabrication and Analysis of Near-Field Electrospun PVDF Fibers with Sol-Gel Coating for Lithium-Ion Battery Separator." Membranes 11, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11030186.
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Environmental and economic concerns are driving the demand for electric vehicles. However, their development for mass transportation hinges largely on improvements in the separators in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the preferred energy source. In this study, innovative separators for LIBs were fabricated by near-field electrospinning (NFES) and the sol-gel method. Using NFES, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fibers were fabricated. Then, PVDF membranes with pores of 220 nm and 450 nm were sandwiched between a monolayer and bilayer of the electrospun fibers. Nanoceramic material with organic resin, formed by the sol-gel method, was coated onto A4 paper, rice paper, nonwoven fabric, and carbon synthetic fabric. Properties of these separators were compared with those of a commercial polypropylene (PP) separator using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), microtensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ion-conductivity measurement, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and charge-discharge cycling. The results indicate that the 220 nm PVDF membrane sandwiched between a bilayer of electrospun fibers had excellent ionic conductivity (~0.57 mS/cm), a porosity of ~70%, an endothermic peak of ~175 °C, better specific capacitance (~356 mAh/g), a higher melting temperature (~160 °C), and a stable cycle performance. The sol-gel coated nonwoven fabric had ionic conductivity, porosity, and specific capacitance of ~0.96 mS/cm., ~64%, and ~220 mAh/g, respectively, and excellent thermal stability despite having a lower specific capacitance (65% of PP separator) and no peak below 270 °C. The present study provides a significant step toward the innovation of materials and processes for fabricating LIB separators.
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Liu, Fangfang, and Xiuyun Chuan. "Recent developments in natural mineral-based separators for lithium-ion batteries." RSC Advances 11, no. 27 (2021): 16633–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra02845f.
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Jo, Hearin, Jeonghun Oh, Yong Lee, and Myung-Hyun Ryou. "Effect of Varying the Ratio of Carbon Black to Vapor-Grown Carbon Fibers in the Separator on the Performance of Li–S Batteries." Nanomaterials 9, no. 3 (March 15, 2019): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9030436.
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Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are expected to be very useful for next-generation transportation and grid storage because of their high energy density and low cost. However, their low active material utilization and poor cycle life limit their practical application. The use of a carbon-coated separator in these batteries serves to inhibit the migration of the lithium polysulfide intermediate and increases the recyclability. We report the extent to which the electrochemical performance of Li–S battery systems depends on the characteristics of the carbon coating of the separator. Carbon-coated separators containing different ratios of carbon black (Super-P) and vapor-grown carbon fibers (VGCFs) were prepared and evaluated in Li–S batteries. The results showed that larger amounts of Super-P on the carbon-coated separator enhanced the electrochemical performance of Li–S batteries; for instance, the pure Super-P coating exhibited the highest discharge capacity (602.1 mAh g−1 at 150 cycles) with a Coulombic efficiency exceeding 95%. Furthermore, the separators with the pure Super-P coating had a smaller pore structure, and hence, limited polysulfide migration, compared to separators containing Super-P/VGCF mixtures. These results indicate that it is necessary to control the porosity of the porous membrane to control the movement of the lithium polysulfide.
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Nanthapong, Sirinuch, Soorathep Kheawhom, and Chalida Klaysom. "MCM-41/PVA Composite as a Separator for Zinc–Air Batteries." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (September 25, 2020): 7052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197052.
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Membrane separators are one of the critical components in zinc–air batteries (ZABs). In the control of mass transfer, and hence, electrochemical reaction, membrane separators have an important role to play. This work addresses the issue of battery performance in a ZAB via a new composite membrane separator based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). To enhance the electrolyte uptake and ionic conductivity, mesoporous Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) is incorporated as a filler in the membrane while maintaining its integrity. The presence of MCM-41 is seen to reduce the number of cycles of secondary ZABs due to the uninvited drawbacks of increased zincate crossover and reduced triple phase boundary at the air cathode, which is pivotal for oxygen reduction reaction. Overall, results suggest that the application of the MCM-41/PVA composite has the potential for use as a separator in high-capacity primary ZABs.
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Lee, Hye Ji, Younghyun Cho, and Sang Wook Kang. "Formation of Nanochannels Using Polypropylene and Acetylcellulose for Stable Separators." Membranes 12, no. 8 (August 4, 2022): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12080764.
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In this study, a polymer separator with enhanced thermal stability is prepared to solve the problem of thermal durability of lithium-ion battery separators. This separator is manufactured by coating a solution of acetyl cellulose and glycerin on polypropylene. The added glycerin reacts with the acetyl cellulose chains, helping the chains become flexible, and promotes the formation of many pores in the acetyl cellulose. To improve the thermal stability of the separator, a mixed solution of acetyl cellulose and glycerin was coated twice on the PP membrane film. Water pressure is applied using a water treatment equipment to partially connect the pores of a small size in each layer and for the interaction between the PP and acetyl cellulose. SEM is used to observe the shape, size, and quantity of pores. TGA and FT-IR are used to observe the interactions. Average water flux data of the separators is 1.42 LMH and the decomposition temperature increases by about 60 °C compared to the neat acetyl cellulose. It is confirmed that there is an interaction with PP between the functional groups of acetyl cellulose.
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Alex Scott. "SK to invest more in battery separators." C&EN Global Enterprise 99, no. 12 (April 5, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-09912-buscon9.
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Darling, Robert, Kevin Gallagher, Wei Xie, Liang Su, and Fikile Brushett. "Transport Property Requirements for Flow Battery Separators." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 163, no. 1 (July 23, 2015): A5029—A5040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0051601jes.
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Jena, Akshaya K., and Krishna M. Gupta. "In-plane compression porometry of battery separators." Journal of Power Sources 80, no. 1-2 (July 1999): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(99)00163-9.
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Huber, Josef, Christoph Tammer, Daniel Schneider, Christian Seidel, and Gunther Reinhart. "Non-destructive Quality Testing of Battery Separators." Procedia CIRP 62 (2017): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.06.002.
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Jang, Jooyoung, Jiwoong Oh, Hyebin Jeong, Woosuk Kang, and Changshin Jo. "A Review of Functional Separators for Lithium Metal Battery Applications." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 4625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204625.
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Lithium metal batteries are considered “rough diamonds” in electrochemical energy storage systems. Li-metal anodes have the versatile advantages of high theoretical capacity, low density, and low reaction potential, making them feasible candidates for next-generation battery applications. However, unsolved problems, such as dendritic growths, high reactivity of Li-metal, low Coulombic efficiency, and safety hazards, still exist and hamper the improvement of cell performance and reliability. The use of functional separators is one of the technologies that can contribute to solving these problems. Recently, functional separators have been actively studied and developed. In this paper, we summarize trends in the research on separators and predict future prospects.
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Cho, Kyusang, Chandran Balamurugan, Hana Im, and Hyeong-Jin Kim. "Ceramic-Coated Separator to Enhance Cycling Performance of Lithium-ion Batteries at High Current Density." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 59, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 813–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2021.59.11.813.
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Given the global demand for green energy, the battery industry is positioned to be an important future technology. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which are the most widely used battery in the market, are the focus of various research and development efforts, from materials to systems, that seek to improve their performance. The separator is one of the core materials in LIBs and is a significant factor in the lifespan of high-performance batteries. To improve the performance of present LIBs, electrochemical testing and related surface analyses of the separator is essential. In this paper, we prepared a ceramic (Boehmite, γ-AlOOH) coated polypropylene separator and a porous polyimide separator to compare their electrochemical properties with a commercialized polypropylene (PP) separator. The prepared separators were assembled into nickelmanganese-cobalt (NMC) cathode half-cell and full-cell lithium-ion batteries. Their cycling performances were evaluated using differential capacity and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with ethylene carbonate:dimethylcarbonate (EC:DMC) electrolyte. The ceramic coated polypropylene separator exhibited the best cycle performance at a high 5 C rate, with high ionic conductivity and less resistive solid electrolyte interphase. Also, it was confirmed that a separator solid electrolyte interface (SSEI) layer formed on the separator with cycle repetition, and it was also confirmed that this phenomenon determined the cycle life of the battery depending on the electrolyte.
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Nien, Yu-Hsun, Chih-Ning Chang, Pao-Lin Chuang, Chun-Han Hsu, Jun-Lun Liao, and Chen-Kai Lee. "Fabrication and Characterization of Nylon 66/PAN Nanofibrous Film Used as Separator of Lithium-Ion Battery." Polymers 13, no. 12 (June 17, 2021): 1984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13121984.
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In recent years, portable electronic devices have flourished, and the safety of lithium batteries has received increasing attention. In this study, nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning using different ratios of nylon 66/polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and their properties were studied and compared with commercial PP separators. The experimental results show that the addition of PAN in nylon 66/PAN nanofibrous film used as separator of lithium-ion battery can enhance the porosity up to 85%. There is also no significant shrinkage in the shrinkage test, and the thermal dimensional stability is good. When the Li/LiFePO4 lithium battery is prepared by nylon 66/PAN nanofibrous film used as separator, the capacitor can be maintained at 140 mAhg−1 after 20 cycles at 0.1 C, and the coulombic efficiency is still maintained at 99%, which has excellent electrochemical performance.
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Gao, Yi Ping, Jun Le, Xiao Cheng Sheng, and Xiao Wei Zhang. "Close-Packed Al2O3 Nanoparticles/Waterborne Polyurethane Layer-Coated Polyethylene Separators for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 823–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.823.
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Separator shutdown by interrupting the transmission of lithium ions to terminate the battery reaction is a valid safety mechanism for preventing thermal runaway reactions in lithium ion batteries. Yet the cell temperature continues rising after the shutdown, the separator need sufficient thermal stability to physically isolate the electrodes. To reduce the thermal shrinkage of polyethylene (PE) separators, a fresh composite separator is developed by introducing alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles/waterborne polyurethane (WPU) layer on one side of the pristine PE separator via casting process. The microporous structure of the composite separator is supposed to be a significant consideration for the cell performance, which is confirmed by the scanning electron microscope. Compared with the pristine PE separator, the thermal shrinkage of the novel separator improved markedly with an acceptable decline in air permeability and ion conductivity.
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Asghar, Muhammad Rehman, Muhammad Tuoqeer Anwar, Ahmad Naveed, and Junliang Zhang. "A Review on Inorganic Nanoparticles Modified Composite Membranes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Recent Progress and Prospects." Membranes 9, no. 7 (July 2, 2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes9070078.
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Separators with high porosity, mechanical robustness, high ion conductivity, thin structure, excellent thermal stability, high electrolyte uptake and high retention capacity is today’s burning research topic. These characteristics are not easily achieved by using single polymer separators. Inorganic nanoparticle use is one of the efforts to achieve these attributes and it has taken its place in recent research. The inorganic nanoparticles not only improve the physical characteristics of the separator but also keep it from dendrite problems, which enhance its shelf life. In this article, use of inorganic particles for lithium-ion battery membrane modification is discussed in detail and composite membranes with three main types including inorganic particle-coated composite membranes, inorganic particle-filled composite membranes and inorganic particle-filled non-woven mates are described. The possible advantages of inorganic particles application on membrane morphology, different techniques and modification methods for improving particle performance in the composite membrane, future prospects and better applications of ceramic nanoparticles and improvements in these composite membranes are also highlighted. In short, the contents of this review provide a fruitful source for further study and the development of new lithium-ion battery membranes with improved mechanical stability, chemical inertness and better electrochemical properties.
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Ade Putra, Oki, Berlian Muhammad Ilham, and Hendri Widiyandari. "The Physicochemical Properties of PVDF/SiO2 Composite Nanofibers for Potential Application of Lithium-Ion Battery Separators." Materials Science Forum 1044 (August 27, 2021): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1044.81.
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Lithium-ion batteries have the main component include a positive electrode, negative electrode, liquid electrolyte, and membrane separator. The separator was used to secure the battery by preventing it from short circuits. In this paper, the separator PVDF/SiO2 (Polyvinylidene fluoride/Silica) nanofiber membrane was synthesized by double jet sprayers electrospinning method on rotating cylinder collector. The SiO2 colloid nanoparticle concentration was varied at 1000, 2500, and 5000 ppm. The effect of the SiO2 nanoparticle addition to the PVDF nanofiber membrane to improve membrane characteristics, including porosity, high temperature stability mechanical, mechanical strength, and battery capacity stability, were systematically investigated. The PVDF/SiO2 results have a fibrous structure with SiO2 adhering to the fibers' surface. The membrane separator's average thickness is 10.2 micrometers. A large amount of SiO2 addition (SiO2 5000 ppm) on the PVDF nanofibers membrane increased porosity, mechanical properties, and stability at a temperature of 150 °C.
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Hao, Wenqian, Xiqiao Bo, Jiamiao Xie, and Tingting Xu. "Mechanical Properties of Macromolecular Separators for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Nanoindentation Experiment." Polymers 14, no. 17 (September 3, 2022): 3664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14173664.
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High tensile strength and toughness play an important role in improving the mechanical performance of separator films, such as resistance to external force, improving service life, etc. In this study, a nanoindentation experiment is performed to investigate the mechanical properties of two types of separators for LIBs based on the grid nanoindentation method. During the indentation experiment, the “sink-in” phenomenon is observed around the indenter when plastic deformation of the specimen occurs. The “sink-in” area of the polyethylene (PE) separator is larger than that of the polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene (PP/PE/PP) separator, i.e., the plastic area of the PE separator is larger than that of the PP/PE/PP separator. In order to select a suitable method to evaluate the hardness and elastic modulus of these separators for LIBs, three theoretical methods, including the Oliver–Pharr method, the indentation work method, and the fitting curve method, are used for analysis and comparison in this study. The results obtained by the fitting curve method are more reasonable and accurate, which not only avoids the problem of the large contact area obtained by the Oliver–Pharr method, but also avoids the influence caused by the large fitting data of the displacement–force curve and the inaccuracy of using the maximum displacement obtained by the indentation method. In addition, the obstruction ability of the PP/PE/PP separator to locally resist external load pressed into its surface and to resist micro particles, such as fine metal powder, that can enter the lithium-ion battery during the manufacturing process is greater than that of the PE separator. This research provides guidance for studying the mechanical properties and exploring the estimation method of macromolecular separators for LIBs.
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Zguris, G. C. "Advances in recombinant battery separator mat (RBSM) separators for lead-acid batteries—a review." Journal of Power Sources 107, no. 2 (April 2002): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(01)01004-7.
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Zhang, X., J. Zhu, and E. Sahraei. "Degradation of battery separators under charge–discharge cycles." RSC Advances 7, no. 88 (2017): 56099–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra11585g.
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Xing, Weibing. "Nanoceramic Enhanced, Block Copolymer Derived Nanoporous Battery Separators." ECS Transactions 77, no. 11 (July 7, 2017): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/07711.0059ecst.
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Xing, Weibing. "Safety Enhanced, Block Copolymer Derived Nanoporous Battery Separators." ECS Transactions 85, no. 13 (June 19, 2018): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/08513.0025ecst.
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Wimberly, Rick, Jamie Miller, and George Brilmyer. "Evaluation of hybrid rubber-polyethylene industrial battery separators." Journal of Power Sources 95, no. 1-2 (March 2001): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(00)00635-2.
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Prout, L. "Aspects of lead/acid battery technology 7. Separators." Journal of Power Sources 46, no. 1 (August 1993): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(93)80038-q.
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