Journal articles: 'Batteries Zn-ion'

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Mackereth, Matthew, Rong Kou, and Sohail Anwar. "Zinc-Ion Battery Research and Development: A Brief Overview." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 8, no. 5 (October 20, 2023): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.5.2983.

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With the advancement in the technology of lithium-ion batteries, the popularity and awareness of rechargeable, durable, long-lasting, and lightweight ion batteries have been in the public eye for a while now. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) is not the only type of ion battery out there. Zinc-ion (Zn-ion) batteries are a heavier, but safer, cheaper, and environmentally friendly form of this battery technology that has uses when portability is not the primary objective. One such use case is large format energy storage for intermittent renewable energy such as solar and wind fields for when the sun is no longer shining, or the wind blowing. One of the disadvantages of Zn-ion batteries is that the current battery life needs to be increased to stand a chance against Li-ion batteries in terms of consumer demands. This paper describes the effect of electrode structures and charging/discharging rates on battery cycle life in coin cells. The symmetric cell study shows that higher charging/discharging rates decrease the battery's cycle life, and the polymer-coated Zn anodes improve the battery's cycle life. It is also noted that maintaining good contact with all the major components in batteries is crucial for batteries to work properly. The battery-making process carried out in the lab and the important details of battery manufacturing are described in this manuscript.

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Islam, Shakirul M., Ryan J. Malone, Wenlong Yang, Stephen P. George, Rajendra P. Gautam, Wesley A. Chalifoux, and Christopher J. Barile. "Nanographene Cathode Materials for Nonaqueous Zn-Ion Batteries." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 110517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac9f72.

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Robust multivalent ion interaction in electrodes is a grand challenge of next-generation battery research. In this manuscript, we design molecularly-precise nanographene cathodes that are coupled with metallic Zn anodes to create a new class of Zn-ion batteries. Our results indicate that while electrodes with graphite or flat nanographenes do not support Zn-ion intercalation, the larger intermolecular spacing in a twisted peropyrene enables peropyrene electrodes to facilitate reversible Zn-ion intercalation in an acetonitrile electrolyte. While most previous Zn-ion batteries utilize aqueous electrolytes, the finding that nonaqueous Zn electrolytes can support intercalation in nanographenes is important for expanding the design space of nonaqueous multivalent batteries, which often possess higher voltages than their aqueous counterparts. Furthermore, because these nanographenes can be synthesized using a bottom-up approach via alkyne benzannulation, this work paves the way for future battery electrodes that contain other molecularly-precise nanographenes with tailored electrochemical properties.

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Wang, Xuyang, Alina V. Kirianova, Xieyu Xu, Yanguang Liu, Olesya O. Kapitanova, and Marat O. Gallyamov. "Novel electrolyte additive of graphene oxide for prolonging the lifespan of zinc-ion batteries." Nanotechnology 33, no. 12 (December 24, 2021): 125401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac40bf.

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Abstract Aqueous zinc-ion batteries have attracted the attention of the industry due to their low cost, good environmental friendliness, and competitive gravimetric energy density. However, zinc anodes, similar to lithium, sodium and other alkali metal anodes, are also plagued by dendrite problems. Zinc dendrites can penetrate through polymer membranes, and even glass fiber membranes which seriously hinders the development and application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. To resolve this issue, certain additives are required. Here we have synthesized an electrochemical graphene oxide with novel electrolyte based on tryptophan, which allows to obtain few-layered sheets with a remarkably uniform morphology, good aqueous solution dispersion, easy preparation and environmental friendliness. We used this electrochemical graphene oxide as an additive to the electrolyte for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. The results of phase-field model combined with experimental characterization revealed that the addition of this material effectively promotes the uniform distribution of the electric field and the Zn-ion concentration field, reduces the nucleation overpotential of Zn metal, and provides a more uniform deposition process on the metal surface and improved cyclability of the aqueous Zn-ion battery. The resultant Zn∣Zn symmetric battery with the electrochemical graphene oxide additive affords a stable Zn anode, which provided service for more than 500 h at 0.2 mA cm−2 and even more than 250 h at 1.0 mA cm−2. The Coulombic efficiency (98.7%) of Zn∣Cu half-cells and thus cyclability of aqueous Zn-ion batteries using electrochemical graphene oxide is significantly better compared to the additive-free electrolyte system. Therefore, our approach paves a promising avenue to foster the practical application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries for energy storage.

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Song, Ming, Hua Tan, Dongliang Chao, and Hong Jin Fan. "Recent Advances in Zn-Ion Batteries." Advanced Functional Materials 28, no. 41 (August 5, 2018): 1802564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201802564.

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Al‐Abbasi, Malek, Yanrui Zhao, Honggang He, Hui Liu, Huarong Xia, Tianxue Zhu, Kexuan Wang, et al. "Challenges and protective strategies on zinc anode toward practical aqueous zinc‐ion batteries." Carbon Neutralization 3, no. 1 (January 2024): 108–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.109.

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AbstractOver the past decades, there has been a growing interest in rechargeable aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs) as a viable substitute for lithium‐ion batteries. This is primarily due to their low cost, lower redox potential, and high safety. Nevertheless, the progress of Zn metal anodes has been impeded by various challenges, including the growth of dendrites, corrosion, and hydrogen evolution reaction during repeated cycles that result in low Coulombic efficiency and a short lifetime. Therefore, we represent recent advances in Zn metal anode protection for constructing high‐performance AZIBs. Besides, we show in‐depth analyses and supposed hypotheses on the working mechanism of these issues associated with mildly acidic aqueous electrolytes. Meanwhile, design principles and feasible strategies are proposed to suppress dendrites' formation of Zn batteries, including electrode design, electrolyte modification, and interface regulation, which are suitable for restraining corrosion and hydrogen evolution reaction. Finally, the current challenges and future trends are raised to pave the way for the commercialization of AZIBs. These design principles and potential strategies are applicable in other metal‐ion batteries, such as Li and K metal batteries.

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Shelni Rofika, Rida Nurul, Mardiyati Mardiyati, and Rahmat Hidayat. "Characteristics of Ni-Zn Rechargeable Batteries with Zn Anode Prepared by Using Nano-Cellulose as its Binder Agent." Materials Science Forum 1028 (April 2021): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1028.105.

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While the operating voltages of Ni-Zn batteries are smaller than Li-ion batteries, Ni-Zn batteries offer some advantages, such as high specific energy and low cost. Ni-Zn batteries use green materials as they use aqueous electrolytes and do not need hazardous organic solvents. Both Ni and Zn are abundant and much less expensive in comparison to lithium. Therefore, Ni-Zn batteries are more suitable as secondary batteries for applications that do not need mobility, such as for storing electricity from solar panels at home or office building. At present, large scale usage of Ni-Zn batteries is hindered by their low life cycle due to Zn anode degradation during the operation. The Zn anode deteriorates as dendrite and passivation growth causing self-discharge at the Zn anode. Many efforts have been tried to solve those problems by adding additives in the electrode or electrolyte and a specific binder in the Zn anode. In the present work, in addition to standard CMC and PTFE as the binder in Zn anode, we also added nano-cellulose as its binder agent as the host matrix may be formed with a much smaller void, providing much more dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles and better reduction on Zn dendrite formation. The battery structures in this work were Zn-anode | electrolytes (KOH, aqueous) | Ni-cathode. Ni cathode used in this work is similar to those found in commercial Ni-Zn batteries. The Zn anode was prepared with various compositions of binder and hydroxides, such as Ca(OH)2, and ZnO nanoparticles as the active materials. The characteristics of the batteries are largely affected by the composition of the binder and other substances forming the Zn anode, particularly the proportion of the hydroxide. However, in general, the present result shows the potential of this modified Ni-Zn battery as an alternative to supersede expensive Li-ion batteries for low-cost and stationary applications.

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Pang, Qiang, Xiangyu Yu, Shijing Zhang, Wei He, Siyu Yang, Yao Fu, Ying Tian, Mingming Xing, and Xixian Luo. "High-Capacity and Long-Lifespan Aqueous LiV3O8/Zn Battery Using Zn/Li Hybrid Electrolyte." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 1429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061429.

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Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage because of their low cost and high safety. However, their practical applications are impeded by low energy density and short service life. Here, an aqueous Zn2+/Li+ hybrid-ion battery is fabricated using the LiV3O8 nanorods as the cathode, metallic Zn as the anode, and 3 M Zn(OTf)2 + 0.5 M LiOTf aqueous solution as the electrolyte. Compared with the batteries using pure 3 M Zn(OTf)2 electrolyte, the cycle performance of the hybrid-ion battery is significantly improved. After 4000 cycles at 5 A g1, the remaining capacity is 163.9 mA h g−1 with impressive capacity retention of 87.0%. Ex-situ XRD, ex-situ XPS, and SEM tests demonstrate that the hybrid electrolyte can inhibit the formation of the irreversible Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O by-product and restrict Zn dendrite growth during cycling, thereby improving the cycle performance of the batteries.

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Hoang Huy, Vo Pham, Luong Trung Hieu, and Jaehyun Hur. "Zn Metal Anodes for Zn-Ion Batteries in Mild Aqueous Electrolytes: Challenges and Strategies." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (October 17, 2021): 2746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102746.

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Over the past few years, rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries have garnered significant interest as potential alternatives for lithium-ion batteries because of their low cost, high theoretical capacity, low redox potential, and environmentally friendliness. However, several constraints associated with Zn metal anodes, such as the growth of Zn dendrites, occurrence of side reactions, and hydrogen evolution during repeated stripping/plating processes result in poor cycling life and low Coulombic efficiency, which severely impede further advancements in this technology. Despite recent efforts and impressive breakthroughs, the origin of these fundamental obstacles remains unclear and no successful strategy that can address these issues has been developed yet to realize the practical applications of rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries. In this review, we have discussed various issues associated with the use of Zn metal anodes in mildly acidic aqueous electrolytes. Various strategies, including the shielding of the Zn surface, regulating the Zn deposition behavior, creating a uniform electric field, and controlling the surface energy of Zn metal anodes to repress the growth of Zn dendrites and the occurrence of side reactions, proposed to overcome the limitations of Zn metal anodes have also been discussed. Finally, the future perspectives of Zn anodes and possible design strategies for developing highly stable Zn anodes in mildly acidic aqueous environments have been discussed.

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Park, Sodam, Imanuel Kristanto, Gwan Yeong Jung, David B. Ahn, Kihun Jeong, Sang Kyu Kwak, and Sang-Young Lee. "A single-ion conducting covalent organic framework for aqueous rechargeable Zn-ion batteries." Chemical Science 11, no. 43 (2020): 11692–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sc02785e.

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Sharma, Mamta, and Rahul Sharma. "Zn-ion batteries: ZnMn2O4 as cathode material." Materials Today: Proceedings 26 (2020): 3378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.10.152.

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Nam, Gyutae, and Meilin Liu. "(Invited) Wastewater Derived Cathode Materials for Aqueous Zn-Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 1 (October 9, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02132mtgabs.

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While lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used for portable devices and electric vehicles, it is highly desirable to develop safer and less expensive batteries as alternative to LIBs. In this regard, zinc (Zn) batteries have attracted much attention because of their excellent safety and low cost. However, one of the challenges is to develop cost-effective and highly efficient cathode materials for Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) based on transition metal oxides. It would be more economical to recycle transition metals in order to reduce the fabrication cost. Co-precipitation method is widely used for synthesis of LIBs cathode materials, and large amount of wastewater would be produced during co-precipitation and battery production process. In this presentation, we will report a facile and general process for fabrication of cathode materials for aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) by reusing wastewater from co-precipitation method. We have selected manganese rich phases with different ratio of nickel to cobalt precursors from co-precipitation wastewater, followed by a simple ball milling process, resulting in metal-hydroxide cathode materials (Mn0.6Ni0.1Co0.3OxHy, Mn0.6Ni0.2Co0.2OxHy, and Mn0.6Ni0.3Co0.1OxHy). Among them, the Mn0.6Ni0.1Co0.3OxHy cathode (with mass loading of 15 mg cm-2) exhibits an initial capacity of 263 mAh g-1 at a current density of 0.1 A g-1, as evaluated in an mixture electrolyte (2M ZnSO4 and 0.1M MnSO4). Furthermore, operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis has revealed the role of each transition metal ions during insertion and desertion of Zn ions. It is found that the ratio of Ni to Co significantly influences ZIBs performances, providing important insight into rational design of more efficient cathode materials for aqueous Zn-ion batteries. Figure 1

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Mo, Ziyu. "Mechanism and Optimizations of Aqueous Zinc-ion Battery." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 41 (March 30, 2023): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v41i.6785.

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Nowadays, more and more problems of environmental deterioration make the development of environmentally friendly energy imminent. For the requirements of low cost, high security, and high efficiency, aqueous Zn-ion batteries are a promising trend for research. In this paper, the mechanism of aqueous Zn-ion batteries will be illustrated in three aspects: cathode materials, zinc anode, and electrolytes. Moreover, possible alternatives for each part of the batteries will be comprehensively illustrated in detail. In addition, the challenges such as short capacity, zinc dendrites, and corrosion and passivation will be analyzed and the possible corresponding solutions will be proposed. Finally, a concise conclusion will be given.

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Wu, Lisha, Ying Zhang, Ping Shang, Yanfeng Dong, and Zhong-Shuai Wu. "Redistributing Zn ion flux by bifunctional graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for dendrite-free zinc metal anodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 48 (2021): 27408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta08697a.

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Chen, Qihao, Zhiqiang Luo, and Xudong Zhao. "K-Ion intercalated V₆O₁₃ with advanced high-rate long-cycle performance as cathode for Zn-ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 10, no. 2 (2022): 590–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc04822h.

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Liu, Yu-E., and Xin Wang. "Stabilizing a Zn Anode by an Ionic Amphiphilic Copolymer Electrolyte Additive for Long-Life Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries." Batteries 9, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9010025.

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The rampant growth of zinc dendrites and severe uncontrollable reactions have largely limited the industrialization of aqueous Zn-ion batteries. Electrolyte additive engineering was found to be a facile yet effective strategy in addressing these issues; however, traditional organic small molecule additives raise additional safety and health risks and thus compromise the intrinsic advantage of aqueous batteries. In this study, we report a polyacrylonitrile-co-poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (PAN-co-PAMPS) copolymer with ionic and hydrophilicity PAMPS and non-ionic PAN, which acts as an electrolyte additive to regulate the Zn deposition in aqueous Zn-ion batteries. The hydrophilicity of PAMPS is designed to meet water solubility. Moreover, ionic PAMPS reacts with a Zn anode surface, chemically peels the surface, leaves a pre-polished anode surface, and removes heterogeneity and impurity of the metal surface. All these effects are beneficial for homogeneous zinc ion deposition and long-life battery. The PAN segments act as a water-shielding layer on a Zn anode to prevent its direct contact with H2O. Consequently, the Zn|Zn symmetric cells with additive-containing electrolytes have a much longer life than those without additives (up to eight times) at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 and a capacity of 1 mA h cm−2. The assembled Zn|Cu cells and the Zn|V2O5 full batteries also display prominent electrochemical reversibility. The reactively acidic amphiphilic polymer provides not only an alternative strategy for the design of multi-functional electrolyte additives, but also constitutes an easy-to-operate way for advancing commercialization of aqueous zinc-storage devices.

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Sobianowska-Turek, Agnieszka, Katarzyna Grudniewska, Paweł Maciejewski, and Małgorzata Gawlik-Kobylińska. "Removal of Zn(II) and Mn(II) by Ion Flotation from Aqueous Solutions Derived from Zn-C and Zn-Mn(II) Batteries Leaching." Energies 14, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051335.

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The Zn(II) and Mn(II) removal by an ion flotation process from model and real dilute aqueous solutions derived from waste batteries was studied in this work. The research aimed to determine optimal conditions for the removal of Zn(II) and Mn(II) from aqueous solutions after acidic leaching of Zn-C and Zn-Mn waste batteries. The ion flotation process was carried out at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. Two organic compounds used as collectors were applied, i.e., m-dodecylphosphoric acid 32 and m-tetradecylphosphoric 33 acid in the presence of a non-ionic foaming agent (Triton X-100, 29). It was found that both compounds can be used as collectors in the ion flotation for Zn(II) and Mn(II) removal process. Process parameters for Zn(II) and Mn(II) flotation have been established for collective or selective removal metals, e.g., good selectivity coefficients equal to 29.2 for Zn(II) over Mn(II) was achieved for a 10 min process using collector 32 in the presence of foaming agent 29 at pH = 9.0.

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Yin, Hong, Yuliang Liu, Yifeng Zhu, Fengxiang Ye, Guangliang Xu, Mengfang Lin, and Wenbin Kang. "Bimetal-Initiated Concerted Zn Regulation Enabling Highly Stable Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries." Batteries 10, no. 3 (February 20, 2024): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries10030070.

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Aqueous zinc ion batteries are highly sought after for the next generation of sustainable energy storage systems. However, their development is significantly impeded by the presence of undesired zinc dendrites, which greatly reduce their cycle life. It is well-received that surface passivation by introducing foreign metals represents a compelling measure to enhance the stability of Zn anodes. Nevertheless, the vast potential of effecting concerted interplay between multiple metal elements for enhanced overall performance in Zn ion batteries remains elusive, due to the overwhelming challenge in creating uniform textures from hetero-units and understanding the mechanism underlying the synergistic performance gain. In this work, an innovative bimetallic overlaying strategy is proposed that renders possible the synergy between AgZn3 and CuZn5 in effecting uniform Zn deposition in a laterally confined and compact manner. The seeded growth of Zn on the bimetal-modulated interface effectively reduces the nucleation potential barrier, yielding a low nucleation overpotential (25 mV). In full cell testing with a commercial MnO2 applied as the cathode, superb cycling stability, surpassing the results reported in previous works, is achieved. The cell delivers an outstanding remaining capacity of 215 mA h g−1 after 300 cycles with almost no capacity degradation observed. The simple and highly efficient bimetal design, which synergizes the strengths of distinct metals, has the potential to drive innovations in the development of multicomponent aqueous Zn batteries with exceptional performance.

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Ni, Gang, Zhao Hao, Guoyin Zou, Xiuwen Xu, Bowen Hu, Fuhu Cao, and Chenggang Zhou. "Potassium manganese hexacyanoferrate with improved lifespan in Zn(CF₃SO₃)₂ electrolyte for aqueous zinc-ion batteries." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 6, no. 5 (2022): 1353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1se02003j.

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Zhang, Yuxuan, Han Wook Song, and Sunghwan Lee. "(Digital Presentation) Ultrathin Stabilized Zn Metal Anode for Highly Reversible Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024439mtgabs.

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Ever-increasing demands for energy, particularly being environmentally friendly have promoted the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy.1 Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), arguably the most well-studied energy storage system, have dominated the energy market since their advent in the 1990s.2 However, challenging issues regarding safety, supply of lithium, and high price of lithium resources limit the further advancement of LIBs for large-scale energy storage applications.3 Therefore, attention is being concentrated on an alternative electrochemical energy storage device that features high safety, low cost, and long cycle life. Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) is considered one of the most promising alternative energy storage systems due to the high theoretical energy and power densities where the multiple electrons (Zn2+) . In addition, aqueous ZIBs are safer due to non-flammable electrolyte (e.g., typically aqueous solution) and can be manufactured since they can be assembled in ambient air conditions. 4 As an essential component in aqueous Zn-based batteries, the Zn metal anode generally suffers from the growth of dendrites, which would affect battery performance in several ways. Second, the led by the loose structure of Zn dendrite may reduce the coulombic efficiency and shorten the battery lifespan.5 Several approaches were suggested to improve the electrochemical stability of ZIBs, such as implementing an interfacial buffer layer that separates the active Zn from the bulk electrolyte.6 However, the and thick thickness of the conventional Zn metal foils remain a critical challenge in this field, which may diminish the energy density of the battery drastically. According to a theretical calculation, the thickness of a Zn metal anode with an areal capacity of 1 mAh cm-2 is about 1.7 μm. However, existing extrusion-based fabrication technologies are not capable of downscaling the thickness Zn metal foils below 20 μm. Herein, we demonstrate a thickness controllable coating approach to fabricate an ultrathin Zn metal anode as well as a thin dielectric oxide separator. First, a 1.7 μm Zn layer was uniformly thermally evaporated onto a Cu foil. Then, Al2O3 , the separator was deposited through sputtering on the Zn layer to a thickness of 10 nm. The inert and high hardness Al2O3 layer is expected to lower the polarization and restrain the growth of Zn dendrites. Atomic force microscopy was employed to evaluate the roughness of the surface of the deposited Zn and Al2O3/Zn anode structures. Long-term cycling stability was gauged under the symmetrical cells at 0.5 mA cm-2 for 1 mAh cm-2. Then the fabricated Zn anode was paired with MnO2 as a full cell for further electrochemical performance testing. To investigate the evolution of the interface between the Zn anode and the electrolyte, a home-developed in-situ optical observation battery cage was employed to record and compare the process of Zn deposition on the anodes of the Al2O3/Zn (demonstrated in this study) and the procured thick Zn anode. The surface morphology of the two Zn anodes after circulation was characterized and compared through scanning electron microscopy. The tunable ultrathin Zn metal anode with enhanced anode stability provides a pathway for future high-energy-density Zn-ion batteries. Obama, B., The irreversible momentum of clean energy. Science 2017, 355 (6321), 126-129. Goodenough, J. B.; Park, K. S., The Li-ion rechargeable battery: a perspective. J Am Chem Soc 2013, 135 (4), 1167-76. Li, C.; Xie, X.; Liang, S.; Zhou, J., Issues and Future Perspective on Zinc Metal Anode for Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc‐ion Batteries. Energy & Environmental Materials 2020, 3 (2), 146-159. Jia, H.; Wang, Z.; Tawiah, B.; Wang, Y.; Chan, C.-Y.; Fei, B.; Pan, F., Recent advances in zinc anodes for high-performance aqueous Zn-ion batteries. Nano Energy 2020, 70. Yang, J.; Yin, B.; Sun, Y.; Pan, H.; Sun, W.; Jia, B.; Zhang, S.; Ma, T., Zinc Anode for Mild Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: Challenges, Strategies, and Perspectives. Nanomicro Lett 2022, 14 (1), 42. Yang, Q.; Li, Q.; Liu, Z.; Wang, D.; Guo, Y.; Li, X.; Tang, Y.; Li, H.; Dong, B.; Zhi, C., Dendrites in Zn-Based Batteries. Adv Mater 2020, 32 (48), e2001854. Acknowledgment This work was partially supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Award No. ECCS-1931088. S.L. and H.W.S. acknowledge the support from the Improvement of Measurement Standards and Technology for Mechanical Metrology (Grant No. 22011044) by KRISS. Figure 1

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Lim, Young Rok, Chan Su Jung, Hyung Soon Im, Kidong Park, Jeunghee Park, Won Il Cho, and Eun Hee Cha. "Zn2GeO4 and Zn2SnO4 nanowires for high-capacity lithium- and sodium-ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 27 (2016): 10691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta02829b.

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Zheng, Dezhou, Xiaokang Pei, Hai Lin, Hongwei Tang, Yin Song, Qi Feng, Guangxia Wang, Wei Xu, Fuxin Wang, and Xihong Lu. "Ca-ion modified vanadium oxide nanoribbons with enhanced Zn-ion storage capability." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, no. 10 (2022): 5614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta10805k.

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Zheng, Xinhua, Touqeer Ahmad, and Wei Chen. "Challenges and strategies on Zn electrodeposition for stable Zn-ion batteries." Energy Storage Materials 39 (August 2021): 365–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2021.04.027.

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Hu, Wei, Jingge Ju, Nanping Deng, Mengyao Liu, Weicui Liu, Yixuan Zhang, Lanlan Fan, Weimin Kang, and Bowen Cheng. "Recent progress in tackling Zn anode challenges for Zn ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 46 (2021): 25750–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta08184e.

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Recent process in tackling Zn anode challenges is summarized, including designing anode structure, modifying electrolyte, optimizing separator and developing polymer electrolytes, which present a reference for constructing high-performance ZIBs.

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Wang, Jinjin, Jian-Gan Wang, Huanyan Liu, Chunguang Wei, and Feiyu Kang. "Zinc ion stabilized MnO2 nanospheres for high capacity and long lifespan aqueous zinc-ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 22 (2019): 13727–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta03541a.

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Zinc ion stabilized MnO₂ nanospheres with a flower-like morphology and mesoporous texture are prepared, and they show high specific capacity and superior cycling stability for Zn-ion batteries.

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Xie, Xu, Zhoulan Yin, You Li, Ruixuan Tu, Yang Liu, Hui Tong, Xingyue Ma, Zhiying Ding, and Lijiao Zhou. "Zn–O–C bonds for efficient electron/ion bridging in ZnSe/C composites boosting the sodium-ion storage." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, no. 7 (2022): 3732–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta10108k.

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Gao, Xingyuan, Wei Yin, and Xiaoqing Liu. "Carbon nanotubes-based electrode for Zn ion batteries." Materials Research Bulletin 138 (June 2021): 111246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2021.111246.

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Shang, Yuan, and Dipan Kundu. "Aqueous Zn-ion batteries: Cathode materials and analysis." Current Opinion in Electrochemistry 33 (June 2022): 100954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2022.100954.

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Xu, Huiting, Wenyue Yang, Meng Li, Huibin Liu, Siqi Gong, Fan Zhao, Chunli Li, et al. "Advances in Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries based on Conversion Mechanism: Challenges, Strategies, and Prospects." Small, January 28, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202310972.

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AbstractRecently, aqueous zinc‐ion batteries with conversion mechanisms have received wide attention in energy storage systems on account of excellent specific capacity, high power density, and energy density. Unfortunately, some characteristics of cathode material, zinc anode, and electrolyte still limit the development of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries possessing conversion mechanism. Consequently, this paper provides a detailed summary of the development for numerous aqueous zinc‐based batteries: zinc‐sulfur (Zn‐S) batteries, zinc‐selenium (Zn‐Se) batteries, zinc‐tellurium (Zn‐Te) batteries, zinc‐iodine (Zn‐I2) batteries, and zinc‐bromine (Zn‐Br2) batteries. Meanwhile, the reaction conversion mechanism of zinc‐based batteries with conversion mechanism and the research progress in the investigation of composite cathode, zinc anode materials, and selection of electrolytes are systematically introduced. Finally, this review comprehensively describes the prospects and outlook of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries with conversion mechanism, aiming to promote the rapid development of aqueous zinc‐based batteries.

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Liang, Hanhao, Jian Wu, Jiaming Li, Jianglin Wang, Zhanhong Yang, and Yuping Wu. "Achieving Dendrite‐Free and By‐Product‐Free Aqueous Zn‐Ion Battery Anode via Nicotinic Acid Electrolyte Additive with Molecule‐Ion Conversion Mechanism." Small, May 19, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202402595.

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AbstractThe widespread adoption of aqueous Zn ion batteries is hindered by the instability of the Zn anode. Herein, an elegant strategy is proposed to enhance the stability of Zn anode by incorporating nicotinic acid (NA), an additive with a unique molecule‐ion conversion mechanism, to optimize the anode/electrolyte interface and the typical ZnSO4 electrolyte system. Experimental characterization and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the NA additive preferentially replaces H2O in the original solvation shell and adsorbs onto the Zn anode surface upon conversion from molecule to ion in the electrolyte environment, thereby suppressing side reactions arising from activated H2O decomposition and stochastic growth of Zn dendrites. Simultaneously, such a molecule‐to‐ion conversion mechanism may induce preferential deposition of Zn along the (002) plane. Benefiting from it, the Zn||Zn symmetric battery cycles stably for 2500 h at 1 mA cm−2, 1 mAh cm−2. More encouragingly, the Zn||AC full batteries and the Zn||AC full batteries using NA electrolyte and Zn||VO2 full batteries also exhibit excellent performance improvements. This work emphasizes the role of variation in the form of additives (especially weak acid‐based additives) in fine‐tuning the solvation structure and the anode/electrolyte interface, hopefully enhancing the performance of various aqueous metal batteries.

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Wang, Gang, Quan Kuang, Pan Jiang, Qinghua Fan, Youzhong Dong, and Yanming Zhao. "Integrating molybdenum into zinc vanadate enable Zn3V2MoO8 as a high-capacity Zn-supplied cathode for Zn-metal free aqueous batteries." Nanoscale, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3nr00136a.

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The commercialization of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) has been hindered by the obsession of Zn-metal anode, just like the early days of lithium-ion batteries. Developing Zn-metal free aqueous batteries (ZFABs)...

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Zhu, Yunhai, Guojin Liang, Xun Cui, Xueqin Liu, Haixia Zhong, Chunyi Zhi, and Yingkui Yang. "Engineering hosts for Zn anode in aqueous Zn-ion batteries." Energy & Environmental Science, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ee03584k.

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Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) distinguish themselves among the numerous viable alternatives to lithium-ion batteries on account of their potential advantages, which encompass enhanced safety, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. However, the metal...

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Meng, Linghui, Yanzhe Zhu, Yile Lu, Tianyue Liang, Lu Zhou, Jiajun Fan, Yu‐Chieh Kuo, et al. "Rechargeable Zn−MnO₂ Batteries: Progress, Challenges, Rational Design, and Perspectives." ChemElectroChem, December 22, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/celc.202300495.

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AbstractAs a new type of secondary ion battery, aqueous zinc‐ion battery has a broad application prospect in the field of large‐scale energy storage due to its characteristics of low cost, high safety, environmental friendliness, and high‐power density. In recent years, manganese dioxide (MnO2)‐based materials have been extensively explored as cathodes for Zn‐ion batteries. Based on the research experiences of our group in the field of aqueous zinc ion batteries and combining with the latest literature of system, we systematically summarize the research progress of Zn−MnO2 batteries. This article first reviews the current research progress and reaction mechanism of Zn−MnO2 batteries, and then respectively expounds the optimization of MnO2 cathode, Zn anodes, and diverse electrolytes and their effects on battery performance. Additionally, primary challenges related to different components and their respective strategies for mitigating them are discussed, with the ultimate objective of offering comprehensive guidance for the design and fabrication of high‐performance Zn−MnO2 batteries. Finally, the future research and development direction of aqueous Zn−MnO2 batteries with high energy density, high safety and long life is envisioned.

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Wang, jinguo, fan-gong Kong, zi-rui wang, Manman Ren, cong-de Qiao, Wei-Liang LIU, jinshui Yao, chang-bin Zhang, and hui Zhao. "Dendrite-Free Zinc Deposition Induced by an Artificial Layer of Strontium Titanate for Stable Zinc Metal Anode." Journal of The Electrochemical Society, June 12, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/acdd9e.

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Abstract Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries, featuring high specific capacity, low cost, and high safety, are considered one of the most promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries for next-generation energy storage systems. Nevertheless, the undesired dendrite formation and serious side reaction of Zn metal anode significantly hinder the usage of Zn-based metal batteries. Here, we propose a nanosized SrTiO3 film as a highly self-adapting protective coating to facilitate fast Zn2+ kinetics and guarantee even ion flux, leading to endow homogeneous Zn deposition under the SrTiO3 layer. Consequently, the symmetric batteries equipped with SrTiO3-coated Zn electrodes obtain a long-term cycling lifespan for 1000h with a fixed capacity of 1 mA h cm-2 without the formation of zinc dendrites. Furthermore, the Zn@SrTiO3||MnO2 full battery displays excellent cycling stability and rate performance. This study emphasizes the important role of SrTiO3 layer in designing the interfacial stability during zinc redox process for stable aqueous Zn metal batteries.

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Lahiri, Abhishek, Pranay Hirani, and Sophia Haghani. "Effect of Protic and Aprotic Formamide‐Based Organic Electrolytes for Rechargeable Zinc/MnO2 Battery." Batteries & Supercaps, April 24, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400140.

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Zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) are emerging as a promising and cost‐effective alternative energy storage system compared to other metal‐ion batteries. Aqueous electrolytes have been extensively studied in Zn‐ion batteries which has shown issues related to cathode dissolution. In comparison, little has been looked into the use of organic electrolytes in ZIBs. Here, we have studied both protic and aprotic forms of formamide‐based organic electrolytes containing Zn trifluoromethanesulfonate and their influence on the Zn solvation chemistry, electrochemistry, and performance of Zn‐MnO2 battery. It was observed that protic‐based electrolytes gave a much better capacity and stability for the Zn‐MnO2 battery. A capacity close to 150 mAh g‐1 was obtained with formamide electrolyte at a current density of 0.25 A g‐1. For all the other formamide‐based electrolytes tested, the capacity was lower. After 200 cycles, an average capacity retention of 72% was obtained for formamide‐based electrolyte. This study shows that protic‐based electrolytes might be a suitable option for non‐aqueous‐based Zn‐ion batteries.

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Ying, Hangjun, Pengfei Huang, Zhao Zhang, Shunlong Zhang, Qizhen Han, Zhihao Zhang, Jianli Wang, and Wei-Qiang Han. "Freestanding and Flexible Interfacial Layer Enables Bottom-Up Zn Deposition Toward Dendrite-Free Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries." Nano-Micro Letters 14, no. 1 (September 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00921-6.

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AbstractAqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries are regarded as a competitive alternative to lithium-ion batteries because of their distinct advantages of high security, high energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, deep-seated problems including Zn dendrite and adverse side reactions severely impede the practical application. In this work, we proposed a freestanding Zn-electrolyte interfacial layer composed of multicapsular carbon fibers (MCFs) to regulate the plating/stripping behavior of Zn anodes. The versatile MCFs protective layer can uniformize the electric field and Zn2+ flux, meanwhile, reduce the deposition overpotentials, leading to high-quality and rapid Zn deposition kinetics. Furthermore, the bottom-up and uniform deposition of Zn on the Zn-MCFs interface endows long-term and high-capacity plating. Accordingly, the Zn@MCFs symmetric batteries can keep working up to 1500 h with 5 mAh cm−2. The feasibility of the MCFs interfacial layer is also convinced in Zn@MCFs||MnO2 batteries. Remarkably, the Zn@MCFs||α-MnO2 batteries deliver a high specific capacity of 236.1 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 with excellent stability, and maintain an exhilarating energy density of 154.3 Wh kg−1 at 33% depth of discharge in pouch batteries.

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Adedoja, Oluwaseye Samson, Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku, and Yskandar Hamam. "Density functional theory investigation of the energy storage potential of graphene‐polypyrrole nanocomposites as high‐performance electrode for Zn‐ion batteries." Polymer Engineering & Science, August 10, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.26454.

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AbstractThe present research explores, through the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the viability of graphene‐polypyrrole (G/PPy) nanocomposites as an effective material for energy storage in Zn‐ion batteries. To this end, the CASTEP calculator in the Materials Studio software was employed to examine the electronic and structural properties of the nanocomposites and their potential to enhance energy storage capabilities of Zn‐ion batteries. Specifically, the study investigates the interaction of the Zn‐adatom with the nanocomposites, electronic properties, specific capacity, Zn adatom diffusion behavior, structural, and thermal stability, as well as the mechanisms through which the nanocomposites store energy. The results show that the adsorption calculation for PPy onto the graphene nanosheet has an exothermic adsorption energy of −1.68 eV and an adsorption height of 3.28 Å. The loading of Zn atoms onto the Gr/PPy nanocomposite yielded a maximum specific capacity of 510.12 mAh g−1, resulting into a weak adsorption energy of −0.078 eV. The nanocomposite exhibited an extremely low Zn diffusion barrier of 12 meV, enabling a fast Zn diffusion on its surface. These findings suggest that G/PPy nanocomposites hold promise as a material to enhance energy storage in Zn‐ion batteries. The study, through DFT calculations, offers valuable insights into the electronic and structural properties of G/PPy nanocomposites and their potentials for improved energy storage in Zn‐ion batteries. It thus, contributes significantly to the current understanding of energy storage materials and provides a foundation for further research on the development of more effective and efficient energy storage solutions.Highlights DFT investigations of G/PPy nanocomposites show potential for improved energy storage in Zn‐ions batteries. The electronic and structural properties of the nanocomposites offer valuable insight into their feasibility. The results show that G/PPy nanocomposites can enhance energy storage in Zn‐ion batteries. It contributes to the current understanding of energy storage nanocomposite materials. It provides a framework for developing effective and efficient energy storage technologies.

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Jin, Jialun, Xiangshun Geng, Qiang Chen, and Tian-Ling Ren. "A Better Zn-Ion Storage Device: Recent Progress for Zn-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors." Nano-Micro Letters 14, no. 1 (February 23, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00793-w.

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AbstractAs a new generation of Zn-ion storage systems, Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) garner tremendous interests recently from researchers due to the perfect integration of batteries and supercapacitors. ZHSCs have excellent integration of high energy density and power density, which seamlessly bridges the gap between batteries and supercapacitors, becoming one of the most viable future options for large-scale equipment and portable electronic devices. However, the currently reported two configurations of ZHSCs and corresponding energy storage mechanisms still lack systematic analyses. Herein, this review will be prudently organized from the perspectives of design strategies, electrode configurations, energy storage mechanisms, recent advances in electrode materials, electrolyte behaviors and further applications (micro or flexible devices) of ZHSCs. The synthesis processes and electrochemical properties of well-designed Zn anodes, capacitor-type electrodes and novel Zn-ion battery-type cathodes are comprehensively discussed. Finally, a brief summary and outlook for the further development of ZHSCs are presented as well. This review will provide timely access for researchers to the recent works regarding ZHSCs.

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Ye, Zhengqing, Ying Jiang, Li Li, Feng Wu, and Renjie Chen. "Rational Design of MOF-Based Materials for Next-Generation Rechargeable Batteries." Nano-Micro Letters 13, no. 1 (January 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00726-z.

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AbstractMetal–organic framework (MOF)-based materials with high porosity, tunable compositions, diverse structures, and versatile functionalities provide great scope for next-generation rechargeable battery applications. Herein, this review summarizes recent advances in pristine MOFs, MOF composites, MOF derivatives, and MOF composite derivatives for high-performance sodium-ion batteries, potassium-ion batteries, Zn-ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, lithium–oxygen batteries, and Zn–air batteries in which the unique roles of MOFs as electrodes, separators, and even electrolyte are highlighted. Furthermore, through the discussion of MOF-based materials in each battery system, the key principles for controllable synthesis of diverse MOF-based materials and electrochemical performance improvement mechanisms are discussed in detail. Finally, the major challenges and perspectives of MOFs are also proposed for next-generation battery applications.

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Ma, Guanzhong, Zhengyu Ju, Xin Xu, Yunfei Xu, Yao Sun, Yaqun Wang, Guoxin Zhang, Mian Cai, Lijia Pan, and Guihua Yu. "Enhancing Organic Cathodes of Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries via Utilizing Steric Hindrance and Electron Cloud Equalization." Chemical Science, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3sc04766k.

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Polyaniline (PANI), with merits of high electronic conductivity and capacity, is a promising material for zinc (Zn)-ion batteries. However, its redox window in Zn batteries is often limited, mainly due...

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40

Teng, Xiaowei, Xiaoqiang Shan, SaeWon Kim, Milinda Abeykoon, Gihan Kwon, and Daniel Olds. "Local Structure and Ions Storage Properties of Vanadate Cathode Materials Regulated by the Pre-Alkalization." Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ta04490k.

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Aqueous Zn-ion batteries using mild acidic electrolytes utilizing a Zn2+/H+ dual-ion storage mechanism have shown great potential in achieving high energy density comparable to non-aqueous lithium-ion batteries. This study revealed...

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Likitaporn, Chutiwat, Manunya Okhawilai, Pornnapa Kasemsiri, Jiaqian Qin, Pranut Potiyaraj, and Hiroshi Uyama. "High electrolyte uptake of MXene integrated membrane separators for Zn-ion batteries." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (November 19, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24578-8.

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AbstractThe recent development of separators with high flexibility, high electrolyte uptake, and ionic conductivity for batteries have gained considerable attention. However, studies on composite separators with the aforementioned properties for aqueous electrolytes in Zn-ion batteries are limited. In this research, a polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/bio-based polyurethane (PU)/Ti3C2Tx MXene composite membrane was fabricated using an electrospinning technique. Ti3C2 MXene was embedded in fibers and formed a spindle-like structure. With Ti3C2Tx MXene, the electrolyte uptake and ionic conductivity reached the superior values of 2214% and 3.35 × 10−3 S cm−1, respectively. The composite membrane presented an excellent charge–discharge stability when assembled in a Zn//Zn symmetrical battery. Moreover, the developed separator exhibited a high flexibility and no dimensional and structural changes after heat treatment, which resulted in the high-performance separator for the Zn-ion battery. Overall, the PAN/bio-based PU/Ti3C2Tx MXene composite membrane can be potentially used as a high-performance separator for Zn-ion batteries.

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Zhu, Mengyu, Huicai Wang, Huibo Wang, Chunxin Li, Danling Chen, Kexuan Wang, Zhengshuai Bai, Shi Chen, Yanyan Zhang, and Yuxin Tang. "A Fluorinated Solid‐state‐electrolyte Interface Layer Guiding Fast Zinc‐ion Oriented Deposition in Aqueous Zinc‐ion Batteries." Angewandte Chemie, December 7, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202316904.

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Aqueous zinc ion batteries are gaining popularity due to their high energy density and environmental friendliness. However, random deposition of zinc ions on the anode and sluggish migration of zinc ions on the interface would lead to the growth of zinc dendrites and poor cycling performance. To address these challenges, we developed a fluorinated solid‐state‐electrolyte interface layer composed of Ca5(PO4)3F/Zn3(PO4)2 via an in‐situ ion exchange strategy to guide zinc‐ion oriented deposition and fast zinc ion migration on the anode during cycling. The introduction of Ca5(PO4)3F (FAP) can increase the nucleation sites of zinc ions and guide the oriented deposition of zinc ions along the (002) crystal plane, while the in‐situ formation of Zn3(PO4)2 during cycling can accelerate the migration of zinc ions. Benefited from our design, the assembled Zn//V2O5‧H2O batteries based on FAP‐protected Zn anode (FAP‐Zn) achieve a higher capacity retention of 84% (220 mAh g‐1) than that of bare‐Zn based batteries, which have a capacity retention of 23% (97 mAh g‐1) at 3.0 A g‐1 after 800 cycles. This work provides a new solution for the rational design and development of the solid‐state electrolyte interface layer to achieve high‐performance zinc‐ion batteries.

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Zhu, Mengyu, Huicai Wang, Huibo Wang, Chunxin Li, Danling Chen, Kexuan Wang, Zhengshuai Bai, Shi Chen, Yanyan Zhang, and Yuxin Tang. "A Fluorinated Solid‐state‐electrolyte Interface Layer Guiding Fast Zinc‐ion Oriented Deposition in Aqueous Zinc‐ion Batteries." Angewandte Chemie International Edition, December 7, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202316904.

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Aqueous zinc ion batteries are gaining popularity due to their high energy density and environmental friendliness. However, random deposition of zinc ions on the anode and sluggish migration of zinc ions on the interface would lead to the growth of zinc dendrites and poor cycling performance. To address these challenges, we developed a fluorinated solid‐state‐electrolyte interface layer composed of Ca5(PO4)3F/Zn3(PO4)2 via an in‐situ ion exchange strategy to guide zinc‐ion oriented deposition and fast zinc ion migration on the anode during cycling. The introduction of Ca5(PO4)3F (FAP) can increase the nucleation sites of zinc ions and guide the oriented deposition of zinc ions along the (002) crystal plane, while the in‐situ formation of Zn3(PO4)2 during cycling can accelerate the migration of zinc ions. Benefited from our design, the assembled Zn//V2O5‧H2O batteries based on FAP‐protected Zn anode (FAP‐Zn) achieve a higher capacity retention of 84% (220 mAh g‐1) than that of bare‐Zn based batteries, which have a capacity retention of 23% (97 mAh g‐1) at 3.0 A g‐1 after 800 cycles. This work provides a new solution for the rational design and development of the solid‐state electrolyte interface layer to achieve high‐performance zinc‐ion batteries.

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Zhou, Shuang, Xinyu Meng, Yining Chen, Jianwen Li, Shangyong Lin, Chao Han, Xiaobo Ji, Zhi Chang, and Anqiang Pan. "Zinc‐ion Anchor Induced Highly Reversible Zn Anodes for High Performance Zn‐ion Batteries." Angewandte Chemie, April 5, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202403050.

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Unstable Zn interface with serious detrimental parasitic side‐reactions and uncontrollable Zn dendrites severely plagues the practical application of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. The interface stability was closely related to the electrolyte configuration and Zn2+ depositional behavior. In this work, a unique Zn‐ion anchoring strategy is originally proposed to manipulate the coordination structure of solvated Zn‐ions and guide the Zn‐ion depositional behavior. Specifically, the amphoteric charged ion additives (denoted as DM), which act as zinc‐ion anchors, can tightly absorb on the Zn surface to guide the uniform zinc‐ion distribution by using its positively charged ‐NR4+ groups. While the negatively charged ‐SO3‐ groups of DM on the other hand, reduces the active water molecules within solvation sheaths of Zn‐ions. Benefiting from the special synergistic effect, Zn metal exhibits highly ordered and compact (002) Zn deposition and negligible side‐reactions. As a result, the advanced Zn||Zn symmetric cell delivers extraordinarily 7000 hours long lifespan (0.25 mAh cm‐2, 0.25 mAh cm‐2). Additionally, based on this strategy, the NH4V4O10llZn pouch‐cell with low negative/positive capacity ratio (N/P ratio=2.98) maintains 80.4% capacity retention for 180 cycles. A more practical 4 cm*4 cm sized pouch‐cell could be steadily cycled in a high output capacity of 37.0 mAh over 50 cycles.

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Zhou, Shuang, Xinyu Meng, Yining Chen, Jianwen Li, Shangyong Lin, Chao Han, Xiaobo Ji, Zhi Chang, and Anqiang Pan. "Zinc‐ion Anchor Induced Highly Reversible Zn Anodes for High Performance Zn‐ion Batteries." Angewandte Chemie International Edition, April 5, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202403050.

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Unstable Zn interface with serious detrimental parasitic side‐reactions and uncontrollable Zn dendrites severely plagues the practical application of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. The interface stability was closely related to the electrolyte configuration and Zn2+ depositional behavior. In this work, a unique Zn‐ion anchoring strategy is originally proposed to manipulate the coordination structure of solvated Zn‐ions and guide the Zn‐ion depositional behavior. Specifically, the amphoteric charged ion additives (denoted as DM), which act as zinc‐ion anchors, can tightly absorb on the Zn surface to guide the uniform zinc‐ion distribution by using its positively charged ‐NR4+ groups. While the negatively charged ‐SO3‐ groups of DM on the other hand, reduces the active water molecules within solvation sheaths of Zn‐ions. Benefiting from the special synergistic effect, Zn metal exhibits highly ordered and compact (002) Zn deposition and negligible side‐reactions. As a result, the advanced Zn||Zn symmetric cell delivers extraordinarily 7000 hours long lifespan (0.25 mAh cm‐2, 0.25 mAh cm‐2). Additionally, based on this strategy, the NH4V4O10llZn pouch‐cell with low negative/positive capacity ratio (N/P ratio=2.98) maintains 80.4% capacity retention for 180 cycles. A more practical 4 cm*4 cm sized pouch‐cell could be steadily cycled in a high output capacity of 37.0 mAh over 50 cycles.

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Tian, Huajun, Guangxia Feng, Qi Wang, Zhao Li, Wei Zhang, Marcos Lucero, Zhenxing Feng, et al. "Three-dimensional Zn-based alloys for dendrite-free aqueous Zn battery in dual-cation electrolytes." Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35618-2.

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AbstractAqueous zinc-ion batteries, in terms of integration with high safety, environmental benignity, and low cost, have attracted much attention for powering electronic devices and storage systems. However, the interface instability issues at the Zn anode caused by detrimental side reactions such as dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and metal corrosion at the solid (anode)/liquid (electrolyte) interface impede their practical applications in the fields requiring long-term performance persistence. Despite the rapid progress in suppressing the side reactions at the materials interface, the mechanism of ion storage and dendrite formation in practical aqueous zinc-ion batteries with dual-cation aqueous electrolytes is still unclear. Herein, we design an interface material consisting of forest-like three-dimensional zinc-copper alloy with engineered surfaces to explore the Zn plating/stripping mode in dual-cation electrolytes. The three-dimensional nanostructured surface of zinc-copper alloy is demonstrated to be in favor of effectively regulating the reaction kinetics of Zn plating/stripping processes. The developed interface materials suppress the dendrite growth on the anode surface towards high-performance persistent aqueous zinc-ion batteries in the aqueous electrolytes containing single and dual cations. This work remarkably enhances the fundamental understanding of dual-cation intercalation chemistry in aqueous electrochemical systems and provides a guide for exploring high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries and beyond.

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Xu, Xin, Xiang Feng, Mingyan Li, Junyi Yin, Jingzhe Chen, Fuxiang Li, Weichen Shi, Yonghong Cheng, and Jianhua Wang. "Overcoming Challenges: Extending Cycle Life of Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries at High Zinc Utilization through a Synergistic Strategy." Small, October 17, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202308273.

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AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) face challenges in achieving high energy density compared to conventional lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The lower operating voltage and excessive Zn metal as anode pose constraints on the overall energy storage capacity of these batteries. An effective approach is to reduce the thickness of the Zn metal anode and control its mass appropriately. However, under the condition of using a thin Zn anode, the performance of AZIBs is often unsatisfactory. Through experiments and computational simulations, the electrode structural change and the formation of dead Zn as the primary reasons for the failure of batteries under a high Zn utilization rate are identified. Based on this understanding, a universal synergistic strategy that combines Cu foil current collectors and electrolyte additives to maintain the structural and thermodynamic stability of the Zn anode under a high Zn utilization rate (ZUR) is proposed. Specifically, the Cu current collectors can ensure that the Zn anode structure remains intact based on the spontaneous filling effect, while the additives can suppress parasitic side reactions at the interface. Ultimately, the symmetric cell demonstrates a cycling duration of 900 h at a 70% ZU, confirming the effectiveness of this strategy.

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Wang, Xiaoqi, Hu Hong, Shuo Yang, Shengchi Bai, Rui Yang, Jin Xu, Chunyi Zhi, and Bo Wang. "UiO-66-NH₂ MOF derived N doped Porous Carbon and ZrO₂ Composite Cathode for Zinc-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2qi02777a.

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Aqueous Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSs) integrating the merits of Zn-ion batteries with high energy densities and supercapacitors with high power densities are considered one of the promising candidates for highly...

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Zhao, Zehua, Huandi Zhang, Xiaowei Shi, Yan Zhang, Cheng Tang, Haitao Zhao, Jiamei Liu, Guolong Wang, and Lei Li. "Zincophilic Metal‐Organic‐Framework Interface Mitigating Dendrite Growth for Highly Reversible Zinc Metal Batteries." Small, October 5, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202304723.

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AbstractAqueous Zn‐ion batteries are the ideal candidate for large‐scale energy storage systems owing to their high safety and low cost. However, the uncontrolled deposition and parasitic reaction of Zn metal anode hinder their commercial application. Here, the 2D metal‐organic‐framework (MOF) nanoflakes covered on the surface of Zn are proposed to enable dendrite‐free for long lifespan Zn metal batteries. The MOF can facilitate the desolvation process to accelerate reaction kinetic due to its special channel structure. The abundant zincopilicity sites of MOF can realize the homogenous Zn2+ deposition. Consequently, their synergetic effect makes the MOF protected Zn anode good electrochemical performance with a long cycle life of 1400 h at 1 mA cm−2 and a high depth of discharge of 30 mAh cm−2 (DOD ≈ 54%) continued for over 700 h. This work provides a novel strategy for high‐performance rechargeable Zn‐ion batteries.

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Zhao, Xin, Yong Gao, Qinghe Cao, Fan Bu, Jie Pu, Yuxuan Wang, and Cao Guan. "A High‐Capacity Gradient Zn Powder Anode for Flexible Zn‐Ion Batteries." Advanced Energy Materials, August 18, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202301741.

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AbstractZn powder‐based anodes are promising for flexible Zn‐ion batteries with large‐scale production, but the drawbacks such as dendrite growth and side reactions strictly hinder their wide application. Herein, a free‐standing Zn powder‐based anode with gradient particle size and porosity is facilely constructed for flexible Zn‐ion batteries. The gradient design not only optimizes the electric field distribution and the Zn‐ion flux but also induces ideal bottom‐up deposition and top‐down stripping behaviors of Zn, thus suppressing dendrite growth. As a result, the flexible gradient Zn powder anode can be stably cycled for 1250 h at 1 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2, and even at high current/capacity of 5 mA cm−2/5 mAh cm−2, it still achieves a long lifespan of 130 h, which outperforms its non‐gradient counterparts and most previous results from Zn powder‐based anodes. The gradient strategy is expected to inspire the extensive utilization of Zn powder‐based anodes for flexible energy storage devices.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Batteries Zn-ion'

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