Journal articles: 'Batteries à flux'

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Chen, Ming Yi, Richard Yuen, and Jian Wang. "Experimental Study on the Bundle Lithium-Ion Batteries Fire." Materials Science Forum 890 (March 2017): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.890.263.

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In this paper, a report is given on an experimental study of the combustion characteristics of six bundle lithium-ion batteries in a calorimeter. Several parameters including mass loss, heat release rate, surface temperature and heat flux distribution were measured to evaluate the hazards. The experimental results show that the lithium-ion batteries undergo fierce combustion processes. The total mass loss of six lithium-ion batteries fire is 67.8g, and the effective heat of the fire is 7.06 kJ/g. The highest temperature of the batteries fire is 816.9 °C and the maximum heat flux is 0.68 kW/m2.The results provide scientific basis for the development of fire protection measures during the usage, storage and distribution of primary lithium batteries.

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Ahmedov, B. J. "On a Possibility to Measure Thermo-Electric Power in SNS Structures." Modern Physics Letters B 12, no. 16 (July 10, 1998): 633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984998000743.

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Two dissimilar Josephson junctions, which are connected to a heater can act as precise batteries. Because of the di erencein thermoelectric power of these batteries, circuit with two dissimilar batteries, under heat flow ΔT~10-5 K would have a net EMF 10-11 V around the zero-resistance loop leading to a loop's time-varying magnetic flux. It is shown that its theoretical value is proportional to both the temperature difference as well as the disparity in the thermoelectric powers of the two junctions.

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Li, Zhen Zhe, Yun De Shen, Gui Ying Shen, Mei Qin Li, and Ming Ren. "Parameter Study on Cooling System of Battery for HEV." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 2038–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.2038.

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A hybrid power composed of the fuel cell and MH-Ni battery has become a good strategy for HEV, but the performance of the battery cooling systems can not be easily adjusted. In this study, heat flux of the batteries and mass flow rate of cooling air have been investigated to improve the performance of a battery cooling system. As shown in the results, the error of root mean square has been decreased under the condition of decreasing heat flux of the batteries, and the performance of the battery cooling system has been improved with increasing the mass flow rate of cooling air. The analysis model developed in this study can be widly used to find out an optimal battery cooling system in the future work.

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Liu, Yue, Bin Li, Jianhua Liu, Songmei Li, and Shubin Yang. "Pre-planted nucleation seeds for rechargeable metallic lithium anodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 35 (2017): 18862–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta04932c.

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Pre-planted nano copper particles not only played as nucleation seeds but also regulated the Li⁺ flux during lithium striping/plating process, leading to high cycling stability for rechargeable metallic lithium batteries.

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Wu, Zhiheng, Yongshang Zhang, Lu Li, Yige Zhao, Yonglong Shen, Shaobin Wang, and Guosheng Shao. "Nitrogen-doped vertical graphene nanosheets by high-flux plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition as efficient oxygen reduction catalysts for Zn–air batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 44 (2020): 23248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta07633c.

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Low temperature deposition of N-doped vertical graphene realized at low temperature lab-built high-flux plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (HPECVD) system, with outstanding catalytic performance enabled for ORR in Zn–air batteries.

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Zeising, Samuel, Rebecca Seidl, Angelika Thalmayer, Georg Fischer, and Jens Kirchner. "Low-Frequency Magnetic Localization of Capsule Endoscopes with an Integrated Coil." Engineering Proceedings 6, no. 1 (May 17, 2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/i3s2021dresden-10146.

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Wireless capsule endoscopy is a promising and less invasive alternative to conventional endoscopy. A patient swallows a small capsule with an integrated camera to capture a video of the gastrointestinal tract. For accurate diagnosis and therapy, the capsule position in terms of the travelled distance must be known for each video frame. However, to date, there is no reliable localization method for endoscopy capsules. In this paper, a novel magnetic localization method is proposed. A coil as a magnetic field source is integrated into a capsule and fed with a low-frequency alternating current to prevent static geomagnetic field interference. This alternating magnetic field is measured by twelve magnetic sensors arranged in rings around the abdomen. The coil and the capsule batteries were designed based on the geometry and power supply of a commercially available endoscopy capsule and simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics software. In this way, the coil position and orientation were determined with an accuracy below 1 mm and 1°, respectively. As an analytic model for the magnetic flux density of the coil in that setup, a modified dipole model was derived. It was used to show that the batteries help to increase the amplitude of the magnetic flux density. The model is valid when signals below 100 Hz are applied, and no eddy currents are generated within the batteries. It is concluded that the magnetic flux density generated by the developed coil would be measurable with state-of-the-art magnetic sensors.

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Khasanshin, R. H., and D. V. Ouvarov. "Determination of threshold values of parameters of electronic irradiation of glass leading to electrostatic discharges." Izvestiâ Akademii nauk SSSR. Seriâ fizičeskaâ 88, no. 4 (November 26, 2024): 538–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0367676524040032.

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Experimental data are presented on the minimum values of energies and flux densities of electrons, the impact of which on the cover glasses of solar batteries and reflecting elements of thermoradiators of artificial Earth satellites leads to electrostatic discharges. It has been established that the addition of protons to the composition of the particle flux acting on the studied samples can suppress the development of discharges. For a qualitative interpretation of the results obtained, a mathematical model is proposed.

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Benavides, Darío, Paúl Arévalo, Luis G. Gonzalez, and José A. Aguado. "Analysis of Different Energy Storage Technologies for Microgrids Energy Management." E3S Web of Conferences 173 (2020): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017303004.

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The importance of energy storage systems is increasing in microgrids energy management. In this study, an analysis is carried out for different types of energy storage technologies commonly used in the energy storage systems of a microgrid, such as: lead acid batteries, lithium ion batteries, redox vanadium flux batteries and supercapacitors. In this work, it is analyzed the process of charging and discharging (slow and fast) in these systems, the calculation of energy efficiency, performance and energy supplied under different load levels, in its normal operating conditions and installed power capacity is developed. The results allow us to choose the optimal conditions of charge and discharge at different levels of reference power, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the characteristics of each storage system within a microgrid.

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Teshima, Katsuya, Hajime Wagata, and Shuji Oishi. "All-Crystal-State Lithium-Ion Batteries: Innovation Inspired by Novel Flux Coating Method." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2013, CICMT (September 1, 2013): 000187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-wp41.

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All-solid-state lithium-ion rechargeable batteries (LIBs) consisting of solid electrolyte materials have attracted a number of research interests because no use of organic liquid electrolyte increases packaging density and intrinsic safety of LIB, which contribute the development on environmentally-friendly automobiles such as electric vehicle (EV), hybrid vehicle (HV), and plug-in hybrid vehicle (HEV), in addition to efficient utilization of electric energy in smart grid. Among various solid electrolytes, inorganic electrolyte materials have achieved relatively high lithium-ion conductivity and better stability at an ambient atmosphere. Nevertheless, there is a drawback that is relatively high internal resistance owing to relatively slow Li ion movement caused by low crystallinity of materials, scattering at interfaces such as current collector/electrode active materials and electrode active materials/electrolyte materials. In this context, we have proposed a concept, all-crystal-state LIB, in which all the component materials have high crystallinity and those interfaces are effective for Li ion diffusion. Here, we present the fabrication of oxide crystals and crystal layers via flux method and flux coating. Flux method is one of the solution processes in which idiomorphic highly crystalline materials can be obtained under the melting point of the target ones. In addition, it provides simple, low-cost and environmentally-benign pathway compared to conventional solid-state-reaction method. Flux coating method is developed to fabricate high-quality crystal layers (films) on various substrates. High-quality crystals and crystal layers of cathode, anode and electrolyte materials were successfully fabricated.

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Tan, Chun, Matthew D. R. Kok, Sohrab R. Daemi, Daniel J. L. Brett, and Paul R. Shearing. "Three-dimensional image based modelling of transport parameters in lithium–sulfur batteries." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 8 (2019): 4145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp04763d.

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Wu, Lisha, Ying Zhang, Ping Shang, Yanfeng Dong, and Zhong-Shuai Wu. "Redistributing Zn ion flux by bifunctional graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for dendrite-free zinc metal anodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 48 (2021): 27408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta08697a.

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12

Liu, Borui, Juan F. Torres, Mahdiar Taheri, Pan Xiong, Teng Lu, Junwu Zhu, Yun Liu, Guihua Yu, and Antonio Tricoli. "Dual‐Ion Flux Management for Stable High Areal Capacity Lithium–Sulfur Batteries." Advanced Energy Materials 12, no. 10 (January 27, 2022): 2103444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202103444.

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Nateghi, A., and M. A. Keip. "A thermo-chemo-mechanically coupled model for cathode particles in lithium–ion batteries." Acta Mechanica 232, no. 8 (May 26, 2021): 3041–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00707-021-02970-1.

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AbstractAs the demand for lithium-ion batteries increases, a better understanding of the complex phenomena involved in their operation becomes crucial. In this work, we propose a coupled thermo-chemo-mechanical model for electrode particles of Li–ion batteries. To this end, we start with a general finite strain continuum framework for the coupled thermo-chemo-mechanical problem and then narrow it down to cathode active particles of Li–ion batteries, particularly to lithium manganese oxide particles. Electrochemical kinetics at the surface of the particle and also heat generation due to current exchange are taken into account. Next, the numerical treatment of the problem using the finite element method is presented. Specific line elements are needed to evaluate the flux of ions at the surface of the particle. Finally, the performance of the proposed model is evaluated using a few representative boundary value problems.

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Cho, Jinil, Yong-keon Ahn, Yong Jun Gong, Seonmi Pyo, Jeeyoung Yoo, and Youn Sang Kim. "An organic–inorganic composite separator for preventing shuttle effect in lithium–sulfur batteries." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 4, no. 6 (2020): 3051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0se00123f.

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The proposed organic–inorganic composite separator strongly reduces the dissolution issue of lithium polysulfide and prevents the movement of polysulfide. Also, it improves the stability of lithium metal anode by evenly distributing the flux of lithium ions.

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Yubuta, Kunio, Yusuke Mizuno, Nobuyuki Zettsu, Shigeki Komine, Kenichiro Kami, Hajime Wagata, Shuji Oishi, and Katsuya Teshima. "TEM observation for low-temperature grown spinel-type LiMn2O4crystals." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331409250x.

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Present spinel-type lithium manganese oxides have attracted much attention as positive-electrode active materials for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, which are the most sought-after power source for various electric applications, because of their low cost, non-toxicity, and high abundance of source materials compared to the conventionally used LiCoO2 crystals. Spinel-type LiMn2O4 crystals were grown at low-temperature by using a LiCl-KCl flux. The chemical compositions, sizes, and shapes of the LiMn2O4 crystals could be tuned by simply changing the growth conditions. Among the various products, the crystals grown at a low temperature of 873 K showed a small average size of 200 nm. Electron diffraction patterns and TEM images reveal the truncated octahedral shape of the crystals. The flux growth driven by rapid cooling resulted in truncated octahedral LiMn2O4 crystals surrounded by both dominating {111} and minor {100} faces with {311} and {220} edges. Lattice images indicate that crystals grown at a lower temperature have the excellent crystallinity. The small LiMn2O4 crystals grown at 873 K showed better rate properties than the large crystals grown at 1173 K, when used as a positive active material in lithium-ion rechargeable batteries.

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Sharma, Bhamiti, Bing Tan, David Shepard, David Li, Yuhao Liao, and Yang-Tse Cheng. "Multifunctional Zeolite Coated Separators for Improved Performance and Safety of Lithium Metal Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 2 (August 28, 2023): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-012549mtgabs.

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Lithium (Li) metal batteries are attractive due to their high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities. However, they can fail catastrophically due to dendritic nucleation, growth, and penetration through the polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE) separators. Poor electrolyte wetting and non-uniform Li ion flux are known to affect Li dendrite formation, especially since the PP/PE separators have broad gaussian pore size distribution and typically organic electrolytes do not wet them well. In this work, we demonstrate that a multifunctional zeolite coating on a commercial PP separator (Z-PP) can improve electrolyte wettability and in-plane ionic conductivity, giving rise to more uniform Li flux. Consequently, Z-PP can effectively delay dendrite penetration and enhance cell performance and safety. Firstly, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to establish that the thin zeolite coating on PP separator had little effect on through-plane ionic conductivity. For electrochemical cycling behavior, PP and Z-PP separator based symmetric cells and half-cells were studied by monitoring the cell overpotential (symmetric cell) and discharge capacity (half-cell). For the Z-PP separator, lower overpotential and better discharge capacity retention were observed in the respective symmetric and half-cell studies, suggesting improved electrolyte wetting and relatively uniform Li flux. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) studies helped in understanding coating microstructure and cycled electrode morphologies. SEM images of cycled Li metal harvested from the Z-PP cells show much smoother Li surface for Z-PP cell as compared to PP cells. This work suggests that overall cell performance and safety can be improved by employing Z-PP separators.

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Kim, Patrick J., Kyungho Kim, and Vilas G. Pol. "Uniform metal-ion flux through interface-modified membrane for highly stable metal batteries." Electrochimica Acta 283 (September 2018): 517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.177.

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ZHAO, LIWEI, JIANGFENG NI, HAIBO WANG, and LIJUN GAO. "FLUX SYNTHESIS OF Na0.44MnO2 NANORIBBONS AND THEIR ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES FOR Na-ION BATTERIES." Functional Materials Letters 06, no. 02 (April 2013): 1350012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604713500124.

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Well-crystallized Na0.44MnO2 is readily synthesized via a facile NaCl -flux reaction at 850°C for 5 h. The Na0.44MnO2 material exhibits a well-defined nanoribbon structure with dimension of 50–100 nm in thickness and 200–500 nm in width. Electrochemical properties of as-prepared Na0.44MnO2 are thoroughly investigated on assembled nonaqueous Na0.44MnO2 // Na cells using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic test, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the Na0.44MnO2 nanoribbon material can deliver a high capacity of 106 mAh g-1 with stable cycling performance over 40 cycles. In addition, it exhibits a favorable rate capability, delivering a capacity of 90 mAh g-1 at a rate of 1 C. The high capacity retention combined with acceptable rate capability makes the Na0.44MnO2 a promising electrode material for advanced Na -ion batteries.

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Tang, Weiping. "Preparation of Lithium Cobalt Oxide by LiCl-Flux Method for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries." Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 1, no. 3 (1999): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1390665.

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Park, Kyu-Young, Hyungsub Kim, Seongsu Lee, Jongsoon Kim, Jihyun Hong, Hee-Dae Lim, Inchul Park, and Kisuk Kang. "Thermal structural stability of a multi-component olivine electrode for lithium ion batteries." CrystEngComm 18, no. 39 (2016): 7463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ce00944a.

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In this paper, the structural evolution of Li(Mn_1/3Fe_1/3Co_1/3)PO₄, which is a promising multi-component olivine cathode materials, is investigated using combined in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction and flux neutron diffraction analyses at various states of charge.

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Chi, Ri-Guang, and Seok-Ho Rhi. "Oscillating Heat Pipe Cooling System of Electric Vehicle’s Li-Ion Batteries with Direct Contact Bottom Cooling Mode." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 5, 2019): 1698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091698.

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Recently, the use of electrical vehicles has abruptly increased due to environmental crises. The high energy density of lithium-ion batteries is their main advantage for use in electric vehicles (EVs). However, the thermal management of Li-ion batteries is a challenge due to the poor heat resistance of Lithium ions. The performance and lifetime of lithium ion batteries are strongly affected by the internal operating temperature. Thermal characterization of battery cells is very important to ensure the consistent operation of a Li-ion battery for its application. In the present study, the OHP (Oscillating Heat Pipe) system is proposed as a battery cooling module, and experimental verification was carried out. OHP is characterized by a long evaporator section, an extremely short condenser section, and almost no adiabatic section. Experimental investigations were conducted using various parameters such as the filling ratio, orientation, coolant temperature, and heat flux. Average temperature of the heater’s surface was maintained at 56.4 °C using 14 W with 25 °C coolant water. The experimental results show that the present cooling technology basically meets the design goal of consistent operation.

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Zhu, Jie, Junchao Zheng, Guolin Cao, Yunjiao Li, Yuan Zhou, Shiyi Deng, and Chunxi Hai. "Flux-free synthesis of single-crystal LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 boosts its electrochemical performance in lithium batteries." Journal of Power Sources 464 (July 2020): 228207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228207.

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Takeuchi, Esther S., Amy C. Marschilok, and Kenneth J. Takeuchi. "(Invited) Transport Limits for Zinc Aqueous Electrolyte Batteries: Investigation over Multiple Length Scales." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 3 (August 9, 2024): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-013558mtgabs.

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Large scale grid level storage would benefit from low cost environmentally sustainable batteries. A system class under investigation is rechargeable zinc anode batteries utilizing aqueous electrolytes. These systems hold promise due to their potential for safe low-cost scalable energy storage. Consideration of the systems over various length scales is warranted due to the complexity of the possible reactions and pernicious parasitic processes. Further, the diversity and intricacies of these battery systems inherently reduce the probability of optimization experiments alone resulting in marketable products. Many of the fundamental issues influencing ion and electron transport and electron transfer and how the transport phenomena evolve under flux are not yet fully undefined. More complete understanding demands multiple characterization approaches used in concert, to tie together information gathered at the local or atomic level and the mesoscale with systems level performance from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), galvanostatic cycling (GC), and related techniques. This presentation will provide insight into probes of the reaction mechanisms, evolution of zinc interfaces, methods to determine limitations of cathode function at high rate, and impact of the findings on the electrochemical behavior of the batteries.

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M., Vishnu, Anooplal B., and Rajesh Baby. "Experimental exploration of nano-phase change material composites for thermal management in Lithium-ion batteries." Energy Storage and Conversion 2, no. 2 (May 24, 2024): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.59400/esc.v2i2.309.

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The present study reports an experimental investigation carried out for the thermal management of cylindrical lithium-ion battery simulator using aluminium oxide (nano particle)-eicosane (phase change material) composites. The experiment involves varying the power input from 4 to 10 W in 2 W increments and adjusting the weight percentage of nanoparticles (wt %) from 0.5 to 0.9 in 0.2 wt % intervals. The examination of battery temperature evolutions in response to heating power, a comprehensive heat transfer analysis incorporating Nusselt number, determination of maximum temperature difference, thermal resistance analysis, and exploration of temperature variations in the absence of Phase Change Material (PCM) are considered. The results show that increase in weight percentage of alumina nanoparticles in phase change material cannot always improve the thermal performance. The results of the present study give a guideline for designing battery thermal management system. The power levels used in the experiment vary from 4 W to 10 W in steps of 2 W. For a power level of 4 W, the heat flux is 1.088 kW/m2, and for a power level of 10 W, the heat flux is 2.72 kW/m2.

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Guillamon, Joaquin I., and Amit Verma. "Electrolyte-Centric Thermal Model of Li-Ion Battery Under Abuse Conditions." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 5 (October 9, 2022): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-025556mtgabs.

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Safety is an important concern in Li-ion battery operation and storage. As both energy stored per unit volume and current densities have increased in these batteries, energy dissipation in the form of heat has become one of the main issues for proper battery operation. As temperature increases, secondary chemical reactions may be initiated. These reactions release more heat and undesired products, triggering an auto-catalytic feedback process, commonly classified as thermal-runaway mechanisms. This can potentially lead to a complete degradation of the battery and possible explosion or combustion of the battery components. Several researchers have worked on developing models to predict thermal behavior under conditions with potential thermal runaway outcomes on Li-ion batteries. The first studies proposed a model that emulates the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) decomposition and regeneration reactions on a standard 18650 cylindrical cell. Later works extended these models and included the reactions of cathode decomposition and electrolyte decomposition with potential combustion. Although macroscopic level energy balance helps predict potential thermal behavior in a battery of multiple layers, the study of all the different transport mechanisms that happen inside a single layer battery is essential for a better understanding of the process taking place when temperature begins to rise. With the aim of improving heat dissipation inside a battery, the electrolyte is a key component to consider as it can potentially handle heat flux easier through convection within the solution. Our work investigates spatially dependent electrolyte conditions in the presence of a thermal gradient to produce an electrolyte-centric thermal runaway model. Non-current conditions are considered for emulating oven-test experiments or storage conditions. Furthermore, this specific case study aims to extend our previous model by accounting for the influence of the Joule effect on simulating a battery's operational conditions. The purpose of the study is to model transport mechanisms that can potentially lead to thermal degradation of the battery. Li-ions, momentum, and thermal flux are the main components of the analysis. This objective is achieved by using numerical simulation techniques. A detailed understanding of the transport processes taking place inside the battery will contribute towards mitigating damage induced due to thermal abuse conditions. Figure 1

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Yurukcu, M., H. Cansizoglu, M. F. Cansizoglu, and T. Karabacak. "Conformality of PVD shell layers on vertical arrays of rods with different aspect ratios investigated by Monte Carlo simulations." MRS Advances 2, no. 8 (2017): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.158.

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AbstractApplications such as batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, and sensors, can benefit from high surface-to-volume ratio core/shell arrays of nanorods. The fabrication of the conformal shell layers on nanorod arrays has been a formidable task. In order to assess the deposition conditions for the production of conformal shell coatings by physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques, we employed Monte Carlo (MC) simulations that involved shell depositions under different flux distributions and angles on arrays of rods. We investigated the conformality of PVD shell layers on nanorod arrays of different aspect ratios, which is defined to be the ratio of rod height to the gaps between nearest-neighbor rods. MC simulated core/shell structures were analyzed for the thickness uniformity of the shell layer across the sidewalls of rods. Our results show that a small angle deposition approach involving a uniform oblique flux (U-SAD) with a small incidence angle ≤ 30o can generate a fairly conformal shell coating around small aspect-ratio rods. However, normal angle deposition with an angular flux distribution (A-NAD) achieves superior conformality both on small and high-aspect-ratio structures compared to U-SAD, conventional uniform normal angle deposition (U-NAD), and SAD with an angular flux distribution (A-SAD). A-NAD can be realized in a PVD system such as by high pressure sputter deposition; while U-SAD can be achieved in thermal evaporation system with a small angle incident flux. In addition, U-NAD and A-SAD can correspond to film growth by normal incidence thermal evaporation and SAD-high pressure sputter deposition, respectively.

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Jaya Shankar, R., J. Lakshmipathi, N. Raghukiran, P. Manickavasagam, YS Govardhan, and G. Sakthivel. "Design and Optimization of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Alternator for Onboard Power Generation in Two-Wheeler Applications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2601, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2601/1/012041.

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Abstract The Main motive of this work is to develop an Axial flux Permanent magnet alternator for on board power generation source for an electric bike. An average electric bike having a range of 40KM to 60KM per full charge will take an average of 3 hours to charge. In the present work, an onboard power generator is modeled for an electric bike which has its very own power generation system. An axial flux permanent magnet alternator is coupled to pedal and whenever the pedaling action is performed, the alternator produces power to recharge battery or also run the hub motor of the electric bike depending upon the required output voltage with the help of relay Switch. The mathematical modelling and design of the axial flux permanent magnet alternator is done using Matlab and Solidworks. Axial flux alternators are increasingly being used for large-and small-scale applications because of innovation, new material research, and manufacturing techniques that save time. Depending on the needed output power, the axial flux alternator can be built with or without an iron core and with “n” numbers of stator and rotor. The surface mounted permanent magnet technique and several one side and both side topologies with and without iron cores were designed in this work. Small-scale E-bikes employ the AFPM alternator to generate power onboard. Depending on the application, the power generated may be supplied back to a BLDC motor or used to recharge batteries. The respective results were discussed in this paper.

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Steganov, G. B., A. M. Beznyakov, and A. V. Nemirov. "Influence of space vehicle remote power supply on thermal regimes of solar batteries." VESTNIK of Samara University. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 21, no. 1 (April 27, 2022): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7533-2022-21-1-14-23.

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The issues of ensuring the functioning of an additional energy-receiving channel for the onboard power supply system of a low-orbit spacecraft are considered. To compensate for the shortage of electricity on board the spacecraft, various options for remote power supply from the system of space power stations transmitting energy to the solar battery by laser radiation during periods of its forced inactivity are possible. Long shadow-sunlight periods of time are a distinctive feature of functioning of low-orbit spacecraft. During these periods the solar battery is idle, and, in addition, even in the daylight portion of the spacecraft's orbit, the energy output from the spacecraft may be reduced to almost zero during the operation of some special systems that require special modes of spacecraft orientation. Reception of energy from a CES with energy flux density higher than that of the solar flux may lead to overheating of the solar battery panel of conventional design, a decrease in its efficiency and even to its failure. Therefore, the analysis of thermal modes of reception and conversion of laser radiation energy which affect the energy efficiency of the solar battery is an important aspect of remote power supply. Relationships of a mathematical model for estimating the available power supply from the solar battery operating in the mode of optimizing control of its power are proposed. The results of approbation of the model for maintaining the safe thermal mode of the solar battery panels during remote power supply of the spacecraft are presented.

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White, Gavin, Alastair Hales, Gregory James Offer, and Yatish Patel. "(Invited) Methods for the Parameterisation of Battery Thermal Models." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 7 (December 22, 2023): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-027974mtgabs.

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Thermal properties are fundamental parameters in every battery cell model. They govern how heat moves through the cell or dissipates once it has been produced. Modelling the movement of heat in batteries is essential for safety and also for accurate predictions of temperature. Electrical/electrochemical models of the cell are highly sensitive to temperature making accurate thermal properties an essential requirement. However, measuring these properties is extremely difficult due to the complex structure inside a cell. Previous measurement methods suffered from fundamental flaws and often battery thermal models are either over simplified or overly complex. This presentation will present the challenges faced before novel methods are presented which address this. This includes a novel method developed for measuring thermal conductivity which uses state-of-the-art heat flux sensors to reduce errors from up to 50% down to 5.6%. These novel methods represent the future for thermal parameterisation of lithium-ion batteries which will lead to accurate electrical/electrochemical models and improved thermal safety. Figure 1

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Liu, Ying, Fang Fu, Chen Sun, Aotian Zhang, Hong Teng, Liqun Sun, and Haiming Xie. "Enabling Stable Interphases via In Situ Two-Step Synthetic Bilayer Polymer Electrolyte for Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries." Inorganics 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10040042.

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Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based electrolyte is considered to be one of the most promising polymer electrolytes for lithium metal batteries. However, a narrow electrochemical stability window and poor compatibility at electrode-electrolyte interfaces restrict the applications of PEO-based electrolyte. An in situ synthetic double-layer polymer electrolyte (DLPE) with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) layer and PEO layer was designed to achieve a stable interface and application in high-energy-density batteries. In this special design, the hydroxy group of PEO-SPE can form an O-H---N hydrogen bond with the cyano group in PAN-SPE, which connects the two layers of DLPE at a microscopic chemical level. A special Li+ conducting mechanism in DLPE provides a uniform Li+ flux and fast Li+ conduction, which achieves a stable electrolyte/electrode interface.LiFePO4/DLPE/Li battery shows superior cycling stability, and the coulombic efficiency remains 99.5% at 0.2 C. Meanwhile, LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2/DLPE/Li battery shows high specific discharge capacity of 176.0 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C between 2.8 V to 4.3 V, and the coulombic efficiency remains 95% after 100 cycles. This in situ synthetic strategy represents a big step forward in addressing the interface issues and boosting the development of high-energy-density lithium-metal batteries.

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Sheryazov, Saken Koishibaevich, Olga Anatolievna Guseva, Aleksey Sergeevich Chigak, and Arsen Khalitovich Doskenov. "Improving the methodology for determining the main parameters of solar batteries." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 6 (June 26, 2023): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp156-162.

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The article cites the need for a reliable and economical power supply to rural consumers. At the same time, it is important to develop distributed generation, including on the basis of renewable sources, using solar and wind energy to reduce costs. The necessity of choosing solar panels with optimal parameters, taking into account the influence of external factors, is shown. To determine the actual generated power of solar batteries, the concept of "power loss during the conversion of the solar radiation flux into electrical power" is introduced. It has been established that insufficient studies of the regime parameters of photocells, in particular, the temperature of its heating and the corresponding change in efficiency, taking into account external factors, do not allow choosing a module with effective power. To study the parameters of solar batteries, an equivalent circuit and methods for determining its parameters are presented. The established dependence of the excess of the SM temperature over the ambient temperature on the power of solar radiation is presented, which formed the basis of an improved method for determining the parameters of solar batteries. The presented results of the study allow at the design stages to determine the expected power of a solar photovoltaic installation and choose its optimal parameters.

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Fung, Kuan-Zong, Shu-Yi Tsai, and I.-Chun Liu. "Conduction/Densification Enhancement of Na_1+XZr₂Si _x P_3-XO₁₂ Nasicon Solid Electrolyte for Solid-State Na Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 4 (December 22, 2023): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-024767mtgabs.

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Due to the better safety feature, replacing organic liquid electrolyte with ceramic solid electrolytes (SE) may effectively suppress the fire incidents caused by conventional rechargeable batteries. Recently, solid-state batteries using Na+ ion conductors tend to receive much attention because the abundance of Na in earth’s crust. However, solid-state batteries (SSBs) have been suffered by the relatively high interface polarization between electrode and SE. For higher Na+ conductivity, Na1+x Zr2Si x P3-x O12 with NASICON (Na Super Ionic Conductor) structure is selected for this study. Although solid state reaction is adopted, it is believed the selection of precursors may be critical for better crystallization and densification of Na1+x Zr2Si x P3-x O12. For instance, adequate amount of Na2CO3 may be used as the Na source as well as flux for densification. Thus, the objectives of this study is to (1) to identify the role of precursors such as Na2CO3 for conduction/densification of NASICON, (2) to search the appropriate temperature for synthesis/crystallization of NASICON, (3) to investigate the factors, such as crystallinity/density, affecting the ionic conductivity. During the different stages of processing, the structural, microstructural and electrical properties of decomposed precursors and resultant NASICON will be examined using XRD, SEM and DC/AC impedance measurements.

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Miao, Xianguang, Huiyang Wang, Rui Sun, Xiaoli Ge, Danyang Zhao, Peng Wang, Rutao Wang, and Longwei Yin. "Isotropous Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile Interlayer with Homogeneous Na + Flux Dynamics for Solid‐State Na Metal Batteries." Advanced Energy Materials 11, no. 13 (February 25, 2021): 2003469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202003469.

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Jacob, Jorne. "The Chalkboard: C Rating of Batteries: A Misleading Concept, C Flux Rather than C Rate." Electrochemical Society Interface 27, no. 2 (2018): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.f01182if.

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TANG, W., H. KANOH, and K. OOI. "ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Lithium Cobalt Oxide by LiCl-Flux Method for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries." ChemInform 29, no. 43 (June 19, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199843012.

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Boragno, Corrado, Orazio Aiello, and Daniele D. Caviglia. "Monitoring the Air Quality in an HVAC System via an Energy Harvesting Device." Sensors 23, no. 14 (July 13, 2023): 6381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146381.

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The energy consumption of a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system represents a large amount of the total for a commercial or civic building. In order to optimize the system performance and to increase the comfort of people living or working in a building, it is necessary to monitor the relevant parameters of the circulating air flux. To this end, an array of sensors (i.e., temperature, humidity, and CO2 percentage sensors) is usually deployed along the aeraulic ducts and/or in various rooms. Generally, these sensors are powered by wires or batteries, but both methods have some drawbacks. In this paper, a possible solution to these drawbacks is proposed. It presents a wireless sensor node powered by an Energy Harvesting (EH) device acted on by the air flux itself. The collected data are transmitted to a central unit via a LoRa radio channel. The EH device can be placed in air ducts or close to air outlets.

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Ju, Zhengyu, Tianrui Zheng, Bowen Zhang, and Guihua Yu. "Interfacial chemistry in multivalent aqueous batteries: fundamentals, challenges, and advances." Chemical Society Reviews, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4cs00474d.

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This invited tutorial review presents key design principles for interfacial engineering in multivalent aqueous batteries including deposition regulation, ion flux homogenization, and solvation modulation.

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Luo, Zhixuan, Yiming Zhao, Yu Huyan, Lingbo Ren, Mingyao Wang, Xu Li, and Jian‐Gan Wang. "Designing Multi‐functional Separators With Regulated Ion Flux and Selectivity for Macrobian Zinc Ion Batteries." Small, December 9, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202410342.

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AbstractThe success of achieving scale‐up deployment of zinc ion batteries is to selectively regulate the rapid and dendrite‐free growth of zinc anodes. Herein, this is proposed that a creative design strategy of constructing multi‐functional separators (MFS) to stabilize the zinc anodes. By in situ decorating metal‐organic‐framework coating on commercial glass fiber, the upgraded separator is of remarkable benefit for strong anion (SO42−) anchoring, uniform ion flux across the interface, and boosted Zn2+ desolvation. Such a feature selectively promotes the Zn2+ transportation efficiency, which enables a high Zn2+ transference number of 0.81, enhanced ionic conductivity, and a superb exchange current density of 12.80 mA cm−2. Consequently, the zinc anode can be operated stably with an ultra‐long service lifetime of over 4800 h in symmetric cells and improved cycling endurance in full batteries. This work paves an attractive pathway to design multi‐functional separators with regulated ion flux and selectivity toward high‐energy metal batteries beyond zinc chemistry.

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Villarroel-Sepúlveda, Nicolás, F. A. Asenjo, and P. S. Moya. "Magnetic seed generation by plasma heat flux in accretion disks." Astronomy & Astrophysics, December 3, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452803.

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Magnetic batteries are potential sources that may drive the generation of a seed magnetic field, even if this field is initially zero. These batteries can be the result of nonaligned thermodynamic gradients in plasmas, as well as of special and general-relativistic effects. So far, magnetic batteries have only been studied in ideal magnetized fluids. We studied the nonideal fluid effects introduced by the energy flux in the vortical dynamics of a magnetized plasma in curved space-time. We propose a novel mechanism for generating a heat-flux-driven magnetic seed within a simple accretion disk model around a Schwarzschild black hole. We used the 3+1 formalism for the splitting of the space-time metric into space-like and time-like components. We studied the vortical dynamics of a magnetized fluid with a heat flux in the Schwarzschild geometry in which thermodynamic and hydrodynamic quantities are only dependent on the radial coordinate. Assuming that the magnetic field is initially zero, we estimated the linear time evolution of the magnetic field due to the inclusion of nonideal fluid effects. When the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic quantities vary only radially, the effect of the coupling between the heat flux, the space-time curvature, and the fluid velocity acts as the primary driver for an initial linearly time-growing magnetic field. The plasma heat flux completely dominates the magnetic field generation at a specific distance from the black hole, where the fluid vorticity vanishes. This distance depends on the thermodynamical properties of the Keplerian plasma accretion disk. These properties control the strength of the nonideal effects in the generation of seed magnetic fields. We find that heat flux is the main driver of a seed magnetic field in black hole accretion disks if the geometry, plasma dynamics, and thermodynamics share the same axial symmetry. This suggests that nonideal fluid effects may play a major role in the magnetization of astrophysical plasmas.

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Yang, Yi, Sa Wang, Yuqing Duan, Ting Wang, Fengdong Wang, Haitao Zhu, Zhifang Wang, Kai Zhang, Peng Cheng, and Zhenjie Zhang. "Flux Synthesis of Robust Polyimide Covalent Organic Frameworks with High‐Density Redox Sites for Efficient Proton Batteries." Angewandte Chemie International Edition, November 25, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202418394.

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Aqueous proton batteries are attracting increasing attention in the large‐scale next‐generation energy storage field. However, the electrode materials for proton batteries often suffer from low specific capacity and unsatisfactory cycle durability. Herein, we synthesize two highly crystalline and robust polyimide covalent organic frameworks (COFs) through a solvent‐free flux synthesis approach with benzoic acid as a flux and catalyst. The as‐synthesized COFs possess enriched redox‐active sites for proton storage and intrinsic Grotthuss proton conduction, rendering them ideal candidates for proton electrode materials. The optimal COF electrodes achieve a high specific capacity of 180 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g, among the highest COF‐based proton batteries, and exhibit an outstanding rate capability of up to 100 A/g and long‐term cycling stability with capacity retention of 99% after 5000 cycles at 5 A/g. The assembled full cells deliver a specific capacity of 150 mAh/g at 0.2 A/g with a maximum energy density of 72 Wh/kg and a maximum supercapacitor‐level power density of 64 kW/kg, surpassing all reported COF‐based systems. This work paves a new avenue for the design of electrode materials for aqueous proton batteries with high energy density, power density, rate capability and long‐term cycling stability.

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Yang, Yi, Sa Wang, Yuqing Duan, Ting Wang, Fengdong Wang, Haitao Zhu, Zhifang Wang, Kai Zhang, Peng Cheng, and Zhenjie Zhang. "Flux Synthesis of Robust Polyimide Covalent Organic Frameworks with High‐Density Redox Sites for Efficient Proton Batteries." Angewandte Chemie, November 25, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202418394.

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Aqueous proton batteries are attracting increasing attention in the large‐scale next‐generation energy storage field. However, the electrode materials for proton batteries often suffer from low specific capacity and unsatisfactory cycle durability. Herein, we synthesize two highly crystalline and robust polyimide covalent organic frameworks (COFs) through a solvent‐free flux synthesis approach with benzoic acid as a flux and catalyst. The as‐synthesized COFs possess enriched redox‐active sites for proton storage and intrinsic Grotthuss proton conduction, rendering them ideal candidates for proton electrode materials. The optimal COF electrodes achieve a high specific capacity of 180 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g, among the highest COF‐based proton batteries, and exhibit an outstanding rate capability of up to 100 A/g and long‐term cycling stability with capacity retention of 99% after 5000 cycles at 5 A/g. The assembled full cells deliver a specific capacity of 150 mAh/g at 0.2 A/g with a maximum energy density of 72 Wh/kg and a maximum supercapacitor‐level power density of 64 kW/kg, surpassing all reported COF‐based systems. This work paves a new avenue for the design of electrode materials for aqueous proton batteries with high energy density, power density, rate capability and long‐term cycling stability.

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Zhang, Shuoqing, Ruhong Li, Nan Hu, Tao Deng, Suting Weng, Zunchun Wu, Di Lu, et al. "Tackling realistic Li+ flux for high-energy lithium metal batteries." Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (September 16, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33151-w.

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AbstractElectrolyte engineering advances Li metal batteries (LMBs) with high Coulombic efficiency (CE) by constructing LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). However, the low conductivity of LiF disturbs Li+ diffusion across SEI, thus inducing Li+ transfer-driven dendritic deposition. In this work, we establish a mechanistic model to decipher how the SEI affects Li plating in high-fluorine electrolytes. The presented theory depicts a linear correlation between the capacity loss and current density to identify the slope k (determined by Li+ mobility of SEI components) as an indicator for describing the homogeneity of Li+ flux across SEI, while the intercept dictates the maximum CE that electrolytes can achieve. This model inspires the design of an efficient electrolyte that generates dual-halide SEI to homogenize Li+ distribution and Li deposition. The model-driven protocol offers a promising energetic analysis to evaluate the compatibility of electrolytes to Li anode, thus guiding the design of promising electrolytes for LMBs.

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Jia, Hao, Chao Zeng, Hyung‐Seok Lim, Ashley Simmons, Yuepeng Zhang, Marc H. Weber, Mark H. Engelhard, et al. "Important Role of Ion Flux Regulated by Separators in Lithium Metal Batteries." Advanced Materials, December 25, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202311312.

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AbstractPolyolefin separators are the most common separators used in rechargeable lithium (Li)‐ion batteries. However, the influence of different polyolefin separators on the performance of Li metal batteries (LMBs) has not been well studied. By performing particle injection simulations on the reconstructed three‐dimensional pores of different polyolefin separators, it was revealed that the pore structure of the separator had a significant impact on the ion flux distribution, the Li deposition behavior and consequently, the cycle life of LMBs. It was also discovered that the homogeneity factor of Li ion toward Li metal electrode was positively correlated to the longevity and reproducibility of LMBs. This work not only emphasizes the importance of pore structure of polyolefin separators, but also provides an economic and effective method to screen favorable separators for LMBs.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Wang, jinguo, fan-gong Kong, zi-rui wang, Manman Ren, cong-de Qiao, Wei-Liang LIU, jinshui Yao, chang-bin Zhang, and hui Zhao. "Dendrite-Free Zinc Deposition Induced by an Artificial Layer of Strontium Titanate for Stable Zinc Metal Anode." Journal of The Electrochemical Society, June 12, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/acdd9e.

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Abstract Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries, featuring high specific capacity, low cost, and high safety, are considered one of the most promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries for next-generation energy storage systems. Nevertheless, the undesired dendrite formation and serious side reaction of Zn metal anode significantly hinder the usage of Zn-based metal batteries. Here, we propose a nanosized SrTiO3 film as a highly self-adapting protective coating to facilitate fast Zn2+ kinetics and guarantee even ion flux, leading to endow homogeneous Zn deposition under the SrTiO3 layer. Consequently, the symmetric batteries equipped with SrTiO3-coated Zn electrodes obtain a long-term cycling lifespan for 1000h with a fixed capacity of 1 mA h cm-2 without the formation of zinc dendrites. Furthermore, the Zn@SrTiO3||MnO2 full battery displays excellent cycling stability and rate performance. This study emphasizes the important role of SrTiO3 layer in designing the interfacial stability during zinc redox process for stable aqueous Zn metal batteries.

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Wang, Haobo, Yutong Wu, Qihong Xie, Xinxi Ma, Jiawei Zou, Anyu Zheng, Taolian Guo, Chao Wang, and Jie Han. "An Ionic Sieve‐Integrated Conductive Interfacial Design to Simultaneously Regulate the Zn²⁺ Flux and Interfacial Resistance for Advancing Zinc‐Ion Batteries." Advanced Functional Materials, November 24, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202417145.

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AbstractZinc‐ion batteries possess operation safety, high energy density, production flexibility and affordability, making them attractive for scalable energy storage. While Zn anodes face significant challenges from rampant dendrite growth and electrolyte‐related side‐reactions in a complex interfacial microenvironment. The growing interfacial resistance further degrades the battery performance. An integrated anode interfacial design is reported to regulate simultaneously the Zn2+ flux and interfacial resistance through in situ confinement growth of Zn2+ sieve, that is, 2D CuBDC metal–organic framework in mesoporous carbonaceous host. CuBDC with sub‐nanometer channels is selected for efficient dehydration and directional Zn2+ flux transport, and lowering the nucleation barrier by zincophilic Cu(II) and N sites. Conductive meso‐carbon reduces the interfacial resistance and blocks the interfacial side‐reactions. Resultantly, the modified Zn anodes demonstrate improved cycling stability with lower voltage polarization, supported by operando optical microscopy and ex situ analysis. This work provides a feasible strategy improving aqueous Zn anodes and new interfacial insights on designing advancing zinc batteries.

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Li, Rong, Jiaqi Li, Xin Wang, Caifeng Jian, Xinxiang Wu, Benhe Zhong, and Yanxiao Chen. "Surface Design for High Ion Flux Separator in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.018.

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Nayak, Bhojkumar, Ritwik Mondal, and Musthafa Ottakam Thotiyl. "Electrostatically Driven Unidirectional Molecular Flux for High Performance Alkaline Flow Batteries." Nanoscale, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3nr02727a.

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To mitigate the mismatch between energy availability and energy demand due to day/night shifts and seasonal variations, intensive efforts are dedicated to storing renewable energy in various energy storage modules....

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Cai, Da‐Qian, Shi‐Xi Zhao, Huan Liu, Shuyu Zhou, Tong Gao, Ruihua Rao, Jianwei Zhao, Yirui Deng, Jin‐Lin Yang, and Ruiping Liu. "Ordered and Expanded Li Ion Channels for Dendrite‐Free and Fast Kinetics Lithium–Sulfur Battery." Advanced Functional Materials, November 24, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202419165.

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AbstractThe uncontrolled polysulfide shuttling and lithium dendrite growth greatly impede the practical implementation of Li–S batteries. These issues can be alleviated by constructing an artificial layer that immobilizes soluble polysulfides and regulates Li+ flux. Here, a layer‐expanded lithium montmorillonite is fabricated through molecular intercalation to serve as a dual regulator for Li–S batteries. The lithiophilic montmorillonite, with its ordered and expanded Li+ diffusion channels, exhibits a high transference number, and promotes homogeneous Li deposition. Additionally, its moderate adsorption of polysulfides, combined with favorable Li diffusion behavior, enhanced the redox kinetics of sulfur species. This unique structure enables a prolonged lifespan of 1000 cycles at 0.5C with a low capacity decay of 0.04% per cycle for practical Li–S batteries.

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Ying, Hangjun, Pengfei Huang, Zhao Zhang, Shunlong Zhang, Qizhen Han, Zhihao Zhang, Jianli Wang, and Wei-Qiang Han. "Freestanding and Flexible Interfacial Layer Enables Bottom-Up Zn Deposition Toward Dendrite-Free Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries." Nano-Micro Letters 14, no. 1 (September 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00921-6.

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AbstractAqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries are regarded as a competitive alternative to lithium-ion batteries because of their distinct advantages of high security, high energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, deep-seated problems including Zn dendrite and adverse side reactions severely impede the practical application. In this work, we proposed a freestanding Zn-electrolyte interfacial layer composed of multicapsular carbon fibers (MCFs) to regulate the plating/stripping behavior of Zn anodes. The versatile MCFs protective layer can uniformize the electric field and Zn2+ flux, meanwhile, reduce the deposition overpotentials, leading to high-quality and rapid Zn deposition kinetics. Furthermore, the bottom-up and uniform deposition of Zn on the Zn-MCFs interface endows long-term and high-capacity plating. Accordingly, the Zn@MCFs symmetric batteries can keep working up to 1500 h with 5 mAh cm−2. The feasibility of the MCFs interfacial layer is also convinced in Zn@MCFs||MnO2 batteries. Remarkably, the Zn@MCFs||α-MnO2 batteries deliver a high specific capacity of 236.1 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 with excellent stability, and maintain an exhilarating energy density of 154.3 Wh kg−1 at 33% depth of discharge in pouch batteries.

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Hu, Qiang, Jisong Hu, Fei Ma, Yunbo Liu, Lincai Xu, Lei Li, Xingquan Liu, Jingxin Zhao, and Huan Pang. "Redistributing Zinc‐ion Flux by Work Function Chemistry toward Stabilized and Durable Zn Metal Batteries." Energy & Environmental Science, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ee04304e.

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Zn metal-based batteries (ZMBs) are widely considered to be promising energy storage devices due to their cost-effective and safety features, but uneven Zn2+ deposition facilitates rapid dendrite growth. Here, we...

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Journal articles on the topic 'Batteries à flux'

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