Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Batterie au lithium métallique'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Batterie au lithium métallique.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Ngo, Hoang Phuong Khanh. "Développement et caractérisation des électrolytes plus sûrs et versatiles pour les batteries au lithium métallique ou post-lithium." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI076.
Full textSafety issues related to chemical leakage, external heating, or explosion restrain the advancement of renewable storage devices based on classical liquid electrolytes. The urgent need for safer batteries requires new technologies such as the replacement of carbonate solvents by green ionic liquid-based electrolytes or the use of conducting polymer membranes. Moreover, facing a future shortage of raw materials such as lithium, trends are to promote the development of rechargeable batteries based on abundant elements i.e. alkali/alkaline-earth metals. A better understanding of cation conductive behavior in these electrolytes become the mainstream for developing high-security lithium and post-lithium batteries.In this work, the first goal was to focus on the physical and ionic transport properties of several binary systems based on the solution of different alkali/alkaline-earth TFSI salts in a common ionic liquid BMIm TFSI. These ionic liquid electrolytes possess unique characteristics that are promising for electrolyte applications e.g. low vapor pressure, non-inflammable, high thermal stability, with sufficient ionic conductivity. These mixtures are studied with the multi-technique approach to reach thermodynamics (thermal properties), dynamics (viscosity, ionic conductivity self-diffusion coefficients) and structural (IR and Raman spectroscopy) description of these systems. The cationic transport behavior in these ionic liquid electrolytes is strongly influenced by the nature of the cation and its concentration. These viscosity dependent phenomena are related to the alkali/alkaline-earth coordination shell.Another goal of this work is the development of new single-ion conducting polymers based on PEO as solid electrolytes for safer lithium and post-lithium rechargeable batteries. These materials exhibit a cation transference number which nearly reaches unity for the cross-linked ionomers and multi-block copolymers. The cycling tests in symmetric lithium-metal cell affirmed the reversibility of electrolyte with stable lithium plating/stripping between two electrodes. High performances in lithium metal batteries using ‘home-made’ LiFePO4 cathodes demonstrate the potential of these materials as solid electrolytes. An ultimate aim showed the conductivity behavior of the alkali cations in the different polymer matrix. Thanks to the grafting anionic function distributed along the polymer chain, the effect of cation size on its mobility were clearly observed
Crosnier, Olivier. "Étude de matériaux métalliques et intermétalliques à base de nickel et d'étain comme électrode négative de batterie à ion lithium." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT2095.
Full textFerrand, Adèle. "Synthèse et caractérisation de copolymères à blocs anioniques utilisés en tant qu'électrolyte solide pour les batteries au lithium métallique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0131.
Full textThe elaboration of efficient batteries to promote the use of electric vehicles is a matter of primary importance for sustainable long-term development. Lithium-Metal Batteries (LMB) are among the most promising. However, such technology presents several safety issues due to dendritic growth. To overcome these drawbacks, studies are performed on solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) that combine both high conductivity and suitable mechanical properties to prevent the dendritic growth. One of the strategies to obtain a SPE displaying all the desired properties is the elaboration of block copolymers. Like so, a PEO bloc with high ionic conductivity is combined with suitable mechanical properties of another polymer. Currently, many materials could meet the different requirements, but only at 80°C. The aim of this thesis is to develop a polymer material offering good performances in terms of ionic conductivity and mechanical rigidity at 40 °C in order to limit the energy loss. Our strategy consists in reducing the crystallinity and the melting temperature of PEO to optimize its conductivity at low temperature. In order to do so, several block copolymer sets constituted of various linear PEO and anionic polymers have been synthesized by NMP. Interestingly, the block copolymers containing PEO with a low degree of crystallinity, due to the limitation of chain stereoregularity, display low melting temperatures (Tf < 40°C). Moreover, the one made of polycondensats of PEO exhibits a relatively high ionic conductivity (1.3×10-6 S.cm-1) at 40 °C while displaying strong mechanical properties (Ey=50MPa). This new material seems to be a promising SPE for LMB
Issa, Sébastien. "Synthèse et caractérisation d'électrolytes solides hybrides pour les batteries au lithium métal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0046.
Full textThe problems caused by the intensive extraction and use of fossil fuels have forced humanity to turn to the development of renewable energies and electric vehicles. However, these technologies need to be coupled with efficient energy storage means to exploit their potential. Lithium metal anode systems are particularly interesting because they have a high energy density. However, this technology suffers from the formation of dendrites that can trigger short circuits causing the device to explode. Thus, many efforts have been devoted to the development of POE-based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) that provide a barrier that blocks dendritic growth while preserving ionic conduction properties. However, the ionic conductivity of POE-based SPEs decreases strongly with temperature. Currently, the best SPEs in the literature would require operation at 60 °C, which means that some of the energy in the battery will be diverted from its use to maintain this temperature. Thus, the main objective of this thesis work is to design an SPE that allows the operation of lithium metal battery technology at room temperature. These SPEs must exhibit high ionic conductivity at room temperature (≈ 10-4 S.cm-1) and mechanical properties that allow the inhibition of the dendritic growth phenomenon. For this, the objectives of the project are focused on the development of new nanocomposite and hybrid SPEs
Ferrand, Adèle. "Synthèse et caractérisation de copolymères à blocs anioniques utilisés en tant qu'électrolyte solide pour les batteries au lithium métallique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0131.
Full textThe elaboration of efficient batteries to promote the use of electric vehicles is a matter of primary importance for sustainable long-term development. Lithium-Metal Batteries (LMB) are among the most promising. However, such technology presents several safety issues due to dendritic growth. To overcome these drawbacks, studies are performed on solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) that combine both high conductivity and suitable mechanical properties to prevent the dendritic growth. One of the strategies to obtain a SPE displaying all the desired properties is the elaboration of block copolymers. Like so, a PEO bloc with high ionic conductivity is combined with suitable mechanical properties of another polymer. Currently, many materials could meet the different requirements, but only at 80°C. The aim of this thesis is to develop a polymer material offering good performances in terms of ionic conductivity and mechanical rigidity at 40 °C in order to limit the energy loss. Our strategy consists in reducing the crystallinity and the melting temperature of PEO to optimize its conductivity at low temperature. In order to do so, several block copolymer sets constituted of various linear PEO and anionic polymers have been synthesized by NMP. Interestingly, the block copolymers containing PEO with a low degree of crystallinity, due to the limitation of chain stereoregularity, display low melting temperatures (Tf < 40°C). Moreover, the one made of polycondensats of PEO exhibits a relatively high ionic conductivity (1.3×10-6 S.cm-1) at 40 °C while displaying strong mechanical properties (Ey=50MPa). This new material seems to be a promising SPE for LMB
Soulmi, Nadia. "Mise au point de nouveaux procédés d'élaboration en milieu liquide ionique de nanomatériaux à base d'étain en vue de leur utilisation comme électrode négative de batterie Li-ion." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066520/document.
Full textTin is a promising alternative to replace graphite carbon as a negative electrode material in Li-ion batteries due to its high specific theoretical mass capacity of 993 mAh.g-1. However, change in volume during lithiation leads to its mechanical degradation during the cycling, and consequently very short life of the material. To overcome this issue, the use of the intergranular space via the nanostructuration of the material combined by the addition of a carbon matrix or other inactive element vs. lithium (intermetallic alloys), which buffers drastically the volume expansion during the lithium alloying process, is employed. The aim of this work is to develop new processes for the synthesis of tin nanoparticles and tin-copper alloys in ionic liquid medium. Sn nanoparticles varying in size from 7 to 45 nm were synthesized, according to the cation-anion combination of the ionic liquid and from different metallic salts, as well as a nano-alloy compound, Cu6Sn5. The size of the nanoparticles is directly related to the nature of the anion although the cation has a privileged interaction with the metal surface of the nanoparticles. Once isolated from the ionic liquid, Sn and Cu6Sn5 nanoparticles have a core-shell architecture with a metallic or intermetallic crystalline core and an amorphous shell of tin oxides. A reversible conversion mechanism of the SnOx from the shell is highlighted for Sn@SnOx nanoparticles, with a high specific capacity of approximately 950 mAh.g-1. Sn-Cu@SnOx nano-alloys have a capacity close to the theoretical for an alloy mechanism at more than 530 mAh.g-1
Thiam, Amadou. "Nouvelles générations d'électrolyte pour batterie lithium polymère." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI068.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to develop new polymer electrolytes for application of lithium metal polymer batteries. The first part concerns the development of semi-interpenetrating networks based on POE and a polycondensat. These types of electrolytes made it possible to improve the mechanical properties and conductivity at high and low temperatures. The addition of NCC as a reinforcement on the semi-interpenetrating network has led to interesting physicochemical properties and high cycle life for batteries.The partial hydrogenation of the polycondensat allowing the modulation of the reticulation ratio has allow to elaborate as an electrolyte (in the presence of LiTFSI) exhibiting 1S.cm-1 conductivities at 90 ° C for a ratio O/Li=20 and O/Li=30 with a mechanical strength of 0.5MPa to 100 ° C. In the second part a range of lithium with organic anion was synthesized and characterized. These lithium salts show good electrochemical and thermal stability, whereas ionics conductivities are sometimes higher than LiTFSI in polymer medium. The last part concerns the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of new perfluorinated ionomers. These new cationic ionomers with a unipolar conduction are obtained from aromatic monomers carriers ionic functional having a high ability to dissociation and cation transport numbers close to 1 at 70 ° C
Paillard, Elie. "Nouveaux électrolytes polymères pour batterie au lithium." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0010.
Full text14 new lithium salts have been characterized in order to use them in polymer electrolytes. Among them, C6FsS03Li shows remarkable mechanical properties in linear POE and brings acceptable' cationic conductivities to the electrolytes for the POE/C6FsS03Li, in spite of a low salt dissociation. Another series of non fluorinated salts allowed us to show the interest of direct charge delocalization by mesomeric effect on an aromatic ring and allowed to reach conductivity comparable to perfluorinated sulfonates. Eventually, a family of anions including an aromatic ring, which can be further modified have been studied in linear POE to form high temperature electrolyte, but also in cross-linked polymers for ambient temperature application with good results
Wang, Luyuan Paul. "Matériaux à hautes performance à base d'oxydes métalliques pour applications de stockage de l'énergie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI031/document.
Full textThe heart of battery technology lies primarily in the electrode material, which is fundamental to how much charge can be stored and how long the battery can be cycled. Tin dioxide (SnO₂) has received tremendous attention as an anode material in both Li-ion (LIB) and Na-ion (NIB) batteries, owing to benefits such as high specific capacity and rate capability. However, large volume expansion accompanying charging/discharging process results in poor cycleability that hinders the utilization of SnO₂ in commercial batteries. To this end, engineering solutions to surmount the limitations facing SnO₂ as an anode in LIB/NIB will be presented in this thesis. The initial part of the thesis focuses on producing SnO₂ and rGO (reduced graphene oxide)/SnO₂ through laser pyrolysis and its application as an anode. The following segment studies the effect of nitrogen doping, where it was found to have a positive effect on SnO₂ in LIB, but a detrimental effect in NIB. The final part of the thesis investigates the effect of matrix engineering through the production of a ZnSnO₃ compound. Finally, the obtained results will be compared and to understand the implications that they may possess
Bourrioux, Samantha. "Laser-pyrolysed ZnFe2O4 anode for lithium-ion batteries : understanding of the lithium storage mechanisms." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI014/document.
Full textGraphite is currently used as negative electrode material in commercial lithium-ion batteries. Unfortunately, this material suffers from a relatively low specific capacity (372 mAh.g-1). Its substitution by a conversion material with a higher specific capacity as ZnFe2O4 (1001 mAh.g-1) would be interesting to increase the capacity of lithium-ion batteries.The use of nanomaterials can also limit the volumetric expansion of the electrode during cycling and enhance lithium ions kinetics.ZnFe2O4 nanopowders were synthesized in the Nanometric Structures Laboratory at the CEA (Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission) by laser pyrolysis. This flexible synthesis method allowed the production of zinc iron oxides nanopowders with different morphologies, depending on the chosen experimental parameters (precursors, choice of gases and flow rates). Electrochemical performances were then evaluated vs. metallic lithium at the Energy Lab of Nanyang Technological University. Fundamental lithium storage mechanisms for ZnFe2O4 oxide were investigated by operando characterizations (XRD and 57Fe Mössbauer) and compared with those of a ZnO/Fe2O3 mixture. This study was realized in collaboration with the Charles Gerhardt Institute (University of Montpellier).This works highlighted the promising electrochemical performances of a specific morphology of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles, consisting in a bimodal size population of particles, and allowed the deeper understanding of the lithiation and delithiation reactions
Beechu, Srikar Geethaprabhu. "Development of Lithium Ion Battery Dynamic Model." Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-208838.
Full textUhlmann, Christian [Verfasser]. "Charakterisierung und Modellierung der wässrigen Lithium-Luft Batterie / Christian Uhlmann." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2017. http://www.ksp.kit.edu.
Full textKuntz, Pierre. "Evolution du comportement sécuritaire de batterie lithium-ion pendant leur vieillissement." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI069.
Full textLithium-ion battery technology is more and more widespread due to its high energy density and good cycleability. Today electric vehicles runs with Lithium-ion technologies. Despite Lithium-ion technology has numerous advantages, it has been proved that lithium-ion battery are the cause of many accidental car fires. Thereby battery safety is a key issue to continue to develop more performant and enduring vehicle, but also to ensure the user’s safety. Depending on the condition of use, different aging mechanisms inside the cell could be activated and induce physical and chemical modifications of the internal components. Therefore, aging of a cell has a strong influence on its safety behavior. Three references of commercial 18650-type lithium-ion cells are investigated using BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle) representative aging at various temperatures (-20°C, 0°C, 25°C, 45°C) according to the international standard IEC 62-660. Ante-mortem and post-mortem analyses (half coin cell at the electrode level, SEM, EDX, GD-OES, XRD, GCMS, DSC, FTIR…) are performed on internal components in order to identify clearly, which aging mechanism occurs in accordance to the cell characteristics and the aging conditions. Then safety test are performed (ARC, short-circuit and overcharge) to evaluate the safety behavior of each cell. By comparing safety behavior of fresh cell vs. aged cells, it will be possible to understand the impact of each aging mechanism on cell safety behavior
Oumellal, Yassine. "Réactivité électrochimique des hydrures métalliques vis-à-vis du lithium : Electrodes négatives pour batteries Li-ion : Stockage de l'hydrogène par voie solide-gaz." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0102.
Full textThe use of metal hydrides as negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries, combining the advantage of high gravimetric and volumetric capacities of hydrides with high energy density of lithium ion batteries, is proposed here for the first time as a promising opportunity to achieve in the coming decades powerful batteries. Magnesium hydride, with the largest gravimetric capacity (2038 mAh. G-1), a theoretical potential equilibrium of 0. 520 V and a low cost, was naturally chosen as a candidate to investigate this new type of application of metal hydrides. It reacts with lithium ions according to a conversion mechanism: MgH2 + 2 Li+ + 2 e- Mg0 + 2LiH, where magnesium hydride reacts with lithium ions to form at the end of the discharge, metallic magnesium and lithium hydride. The electrochemical reactivity of commercial magnesium hydride is very low (reversible capacity lower than 50 mAh. G-1). Different preparation methods of the material such as milling, carbon addition, solid-gas preparation followed by milling with carbon were needed to improve the reactivity of commercial magnesium hydride, leading to increase the reversible capacity from 50 mAh. G-1 to 1450 mAh. G-1 (75% of the theoretical capacity 2038 mAh. G-1) for an irreversible loss of 25% with an average potential of 0. 5 Volt vs. Li+/Li0. This interest for the magnesium hydride is reinforced by the polarization of the potential/capacity curves ranging between 200 mV-300 mV. The reactivity of magnesium hydride with lithium is shown to be a new way for the preparation of nanometals and nanohydrides for hydrogen storage materials by solid-gas reaction at low temperatures. Finally, this reactivity is not specific to magnesium hydride; it can be extended to some binary hydrides (NaH, TiH2) and different families of intermetallic hydrides (Mg2NiH3,7, TiNiH, LaNi4,25Mn0,75H5) thus opening new routes for preparation of materials in both fields of hydrogen storage and lithium-ion technology
Martinent-Beaumont, Audrey. "Etude physico-chimique des électrolytes d’hexafluorophosphate de lithium pour une application dans la batterie lithium-ion." Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0075.
Full textShi, Lei [Verfasser]. "Untersuchung von mechanisch beanspruchten Elektroden für Lithium-Ionen-Batterie / Lei Shi." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162767510/34.
Full textBichat, Marie-Pierre. "Nouveaux phosphures de métaux de transition, matériaux d'anode pour batterie lithium-ion." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20189.
Full textOzawa, Yasunori. "Etude du vieillissement des matériaux d'électrode positive pour la batterie lithium ion." Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPG0148.
Full textThe thermal aging kinetics of two positive electrode materials for lithium ion batteries; hexagonal LiCoO2 and cubic (spinel) LiMn2O4 was carried out in the 60ºC-75ºC temperature range by electrochemical measurements and crystal structure investigations. Two different mechanisms are at the origin of reversible and irreversible capacity losses: 1) lithium re-intercalation due the electrolyte instability for the reversible part and, 2) phase transformations due to the electrode material instability for the irreversible one. Empirical kinetics laws allowed the corresponding activation energy to be determined. A comparison with a new material with hexagonal structure LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 showed enhanced performances due to a higher structural stability
Jaumann, Tony. "Zur Degradation und Optimierung von nanostrukturierten Siliciumanoden in Lithium-Ionen- und Lithium-Schwefel-Batterien." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-217655.
Full textThe results of this work provide a better understanding about the cyclic aging of silicon nanoparticles (Si-NP) as anode material in Lithium-ion- and Lithium-sulfur batteries. Subject of investigation was the influence of particle size, electrode design and electrolyte composition on the electrochemical reversibility of Si-NP for lithium storage. The main characterization techniques used in this study were XRD, SEM, TEM and XPS combined with electrochemical analysis and in situ synchrotron XRD. Bare silicon nanoparticles ranging from 5 – 20 nm and silicon nanoparticles embedded within a porous carbon scaffold were prepared through a cost-effective and novel synthesis technique including the hydrolysis of trichlorosilane as feedstock. The dominant degradation mechanism of these silicon nanoparticles was identified to be the continuous growth the solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI). Other phenomena such as pulverisation or new evolving crystalline phases are excluded. It was found that a reduction of the particle size from 20 nm to 5 nm increases the reversibility due to a thicker and therewith more stable SEI. The deposition of the silicon nanoparticles into a porous carbon scaffold caused a significant improvement of the reversibility at constant carbon content. The effect of the electrolyte additives Fluoroethylene carbonate and Vinylene carbonate was analysed in detail. Furthermore, typical electrolyte compositions used for lithium-sulfur-batteries were tested and studied. Si-Li-S (SLS) full cells were demonstrated which outperform conventional lithium-sulfur batteries in terms of life time. The systematic analysis and the rational optimization process of the particle size, electrode design and electrolyte composition allowed to provide a nanostructured silicon electrode with a specific capacity of up to 1280 mAh/g(Electrode) and 81 % capacity retention after 500 deep discharge cycles. Reversible areal capacities of 5 mAh/cm^2 at 4.4 mg/cm^2 electrode weight were demonstrated
Liao, Feng. "Relation entre caractéristiques morphologiques et chimiques interfaciales et comportement électrochimique de couches minces de sulfures métalliques pour batteries li-ion : = Relation between morphological and chemical interfacial characteristics and electrochemical properties of metallic sulfides thin films for lithium ion batteries." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066126.
Full textSurface analytical techniques were combined to study the electrochemical lithiation, passivation and ageing mechanisms of transition metal sulfides (Fe1-xS (0≤x≤0. 07), Ni3S2 and Cu2S) as conversion-type negative electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. A thin film approach was applied by thermal sulfidation of metal substrate used as current collector. The results show reversible but incomplete conversion/deconversion with lithium. Discharge leads to surface passivation with formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer whose chemical composition, stability and thickness were followed during the first cycle and with repeated cycling. Swelling/shrinkage, typical for conversion-type materials, causes irreversible morphological modifications (cracks and pinholes) amplified by multi-cycling. A mechanistic model of the induced thin film electrode modifications including the electrolyte influence is proposed
WEI, Shuangying. "Elettroliti avanzati e materiali elettrodici per batterie al litio ad alte prestazioni." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488286.
Full textThe storage capabilities, longevity, and safety characteristics in existing rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) using graphite as anode materials, are regarded as insufficient to meet the vigorous requirements of energy storage market. A renewed interest is now devoted towards high-energy lithium-metal anode though the issues of uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth need to be resolved urgently. To this end, the focus of this thesis is optimization of suitable electrolyte solutions that can mitigate the issues affecting the lithium metal anode, and search for alternative anode materials with high Li+ storage capacity. Chapters 1 introduces the background knowledge of the world energy demands, focusing on the importance of developing LIBs. Chapter 2 presents the fundamental concept of lithium battery technologies, including the historical outlook of battery, battery basics, cathode materials, anode materials, electrolytes, and lithium metal batteries. Chapter 3 reports a description of the used chemical reagents and an overview of the instrumentation principles. The preparation of electrode materials, cell configurations, and working principles of the characterization techniques are detailed in Chapter 4. An electrochemical study of end-capped glymes dissolving lithium salts as electrolyte solutions for lithium metal batteries is given in Chapter 5. Various electrolyte formulations including triethylene and diethylene glycol dimethyl ethers as solvents and lithium salts employing bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide anions are explored. The ion transport properties, the lithium/electrolyte interphase characteristics, and the electrochemical stability window of six solutions are investigated. Six electrolyte solutions are studied in cells using the lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode and the high-energy lithium metal anode. The results reveal that the electrolyte composition has a remarkable effect on the cell performances and indicate the solutions of LiTFSI salt in glymes as the most adequate formulations for possible applications. High-performance lithium-metal batteries are achieved by using six electrolyte solutions mentioned above, enhanced with a LiNO3 additive and an olivine cathode, as can be seen in Chapter 6. The best Li/LFP battery delivers 154 mAh g−1 at C/3 (1C=170 mA g−1) without any decay after 200 cycles. Tests at 1C and 5C show initial capacities of about 150 and 140 mAh g−1, a retention exceeding 70 % after 500 cycles, and suitable electrode/electrolyte interphases evolution. A NiO@C composite is prepared through an alternative synthesis route involving precipitation of a carbon precursor on NiO nano powder, annealing under argon to form a Ni core, and oxidation at moderate temperature, as shown in Chapter 7. The NiO@C exhibits highly improved behavior in a lithium half-cell compared to bare NiO due to faster electrode kinetics and superior stability over electrochemical displacement, leading to a reversible capacity approaching 800 mAh g−1, much-enhanced cycle life, and promising rate capability. The applicability of the NiO@C anode is further investigated in a lithium-ion NiO@C/LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cell, which operates at about 2.5 V, delivering about 160 mAh g−1 with respect to the cathode mass. The cell exhibits stable response upon 80 cycles at a C/2 (where 1C is 170 mA g−1 as referred to the positive electrode) rate with coulombic efficiency ranging from 97% to 99%.
Blondel, Pierre. "Estimation de l’état interne d’une batterie lithium-ion à l’aide d’un modèle électrochimique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0008/document.
Full textDeveloped in the nineties, lithium batteries have colonized our environment in less than thirty years and they keep spreading faster and faster. Powerful, efficient, light and compact, this technology remains hazardous. In order to limit the danger and slow the aging of lithium cells, most of such batteries embed a management system. The latter needs to access some internal states, which are not directly measurable. This thesis intends to estimate these variables using a nonlinear observer, which is based on an electrochemical model. The behavior of the battery is driven by the transportation phenomenon of its main electrochemical species. We therefore built a finite dimensional electrochemical model of these adapted to estimation. It relies on the spatial discretization of the partial differential equations, which describe these transportation phenomena. It also formulates some assumptions, such as the fact that an electrode globally behaves like a single particle of its active material. The obtained state space model has affine dynamics and a nonlinear output. Among the existing observers for such systems that we are aware of, none can be applied directly to the developed model. Hence, we developed new ones whose stability is guaranteed provided a linear matrix inequality holds, which is used to construct the observation gain. We then confront these observers to experimental data acquired on commercialized batteries. The obtained results are encouraging and the observer seems to be a fair compromise between physical meaning and numerical complexity
Leveau, Lucie. "Etude de nanofils de silicium comme matériau d'électrode négative de batterie lithium-ion." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2015. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01234963v2/document.
Full textMaouacine, Koceila. "Matériaux hybrides poreux silice/polymère comme électrolytes pour batterie lithium-ion tout solide." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023AIXM0024.
Full textThe design of lithium-ion batteries using a solid electrolyte is currently one of the most studied ways to overcome safety problem of these devices. In this thesis work, we propose a new approach to develop a porous silica/polymer hybrid electrolyte, containing a higher weight fraction of mesoporous silica than polymer. Two morphologies of silica hybrid materials were studied: as compressed powders (pellets) and as thin films. In the first part of the work, a hybrid silica powder was synthesized and then calcined to liberate the porosity. The mesoporous silica was then functionalized with different polymers of PEG of low molecular weight then by a simple solution impregnation. The hybrid powders were shaped as pellets, presenting inter- and intra-particle porosity. It was shown that the hybrid pellets present promising ionic conductivity properties when the inter- and intraparticle porosities are filled with the PEG-LiTFSI complex for PEG of low molar mass (300-600 g/mol). In the second part, mesoporous silica films were deposited on a glassy carbon electrode using a rotating disc electrode (RDE). After the characterization of these films from a textural properties and a microstructure point of view, they were functionalized by the PEG-LiTFSI complex via an impregnation process and the preliminary study of their ionic conductivity was performed
El, Baradai Oussama. "Elaboration of flexible lithium - ion electrodes by printing process." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI036/document.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscript describes the manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries on papers substrates by printing technique. Its aim is the development of new up scalable and large area techniques as screen printing for the fabrication of lithium-ion batteries and the replacement of conventional toxic components by bio-sourced one and water based solvent. First results shows how it is possible to formulate cellulose based ink tailored for screen printing technology with suitable properties for lithium-ion batteries requirements. Electrodes were manufactured and tested from a physical and electrochemical point of view and two strategies were proposed to enhance performances. Finally, by considering results obtained for the electrodes, a full cell was manufactured with a new assembling strategy based on: front / reverse printing approach and the embedding of the current collectors during printing stage. As a final point cells were characterized and compared with others obtained by conventional assembling strategies
Bolimowska, Ewelina. "Étude des interfaces électrodes/électrolyte à base de liquides ioniques pour batterie lithium-ion." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1104.
Full textIn lithium ion batteries, the commercial organic electrolytes induce difficulties in the manufacturing and the use of the battery (volatile and flammable components). There are active research to eliminate these safety problems, one of the approach is the replacement of conventional battery electrolytes with room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), which exhibit negligible vapor pressure, low flammability, high flash point. The use of ILs based electrolytes for carbon based electrodes requires presence of organic additive for improving the cyclic performance. The aim of this thesis was to determine the exact role of the organic additive through experimental and computer simulation methodologies. Its impact onto the solvation and transportation of lithium cation was investigated through {1H-7Li}, {1H-19F} NOE correlations (HOESY), and pulsed field gradient spin-echo (PGSE) NMR experiences and Molecular Dynamic simulation. The electrochemical studies were developed such as electrochemical window, galvanostatic cycling with potential limitation and cycling voltammetry showing the obtained capacity of the cell and [Li+] insertion stages during the first reduction step. Moreover, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) during the first reduction process, and XPS analysis of post mortem Gr electrodes stopped at chosen potential during the first reduction process, as well as, after the several charge/discharge cycles were used
Coppey, Nicolas. "Nanotubes de carbone décorés par CVD en lit fluidisé : application en batterie lithium-ion." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/10278/1/coppey.pdf.
Full textHajndl, Ognjen. "Batterie tout solide pour application automobile : processus de mise en forme et étude des interfaces." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI026/document.
Full textNext generation batteries expectations for electric vehicle are significant, whether in terms of autonomy, environmental impact, charging speed and cost. The all solid-state batteries with a non-flammable solid electrolyte, rather than the conventional liquid one, could meet those criteria.Garnet-type ceramic Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is a promising solid electrolyte given its good Li-ion conductivity, chemical and electrochemical stability. The major constraint is the need to densify the ceramic at high temperature in order to make it conductive. No standard method exists to build a dense all-solid cell with low interfacial resistance.In this context, the PhD work managed to optimize the solid-state synthesis protocol of the LLZO oxide and his densification by the hot-pressing technique. The conditions of symmetrical Li/LLZO/Li cell assembly allowed to study the Li-metal/LLZO interface and its impact on lithium plating/striping behavior. Feasibility of densifying a “half-cell” (composite cathode/LLZO) in one single step was also studied by adjusting the hot-pressing temperature and pressure parameters
Quesnel, François. "Synthèse de titanates de lithium nanostructurés par plasma inductif pour les batteries lithium-ion." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8997.
Full textTonin, Guillaume. "Caractérisation operando des accumulateurs Li/S par tomographie d’absorption et diffraction des rayons X, vers une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes électrochimiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI036/document.
Full textThe main objective was to identify the degradations phenomena and the limiting processes occurring while cycling Li/S accumulators to therefore put in relation the electrode morphology, the cell design, the electrochemical performances and the degradations phenomena. A new design of operando cell has been developed to be suitable with ESRF experiments. Operando Absorption and X-ray Diffraction tomography technics were performed. Thanks to both technics, the morphological changes and transport limitation kinetics along the 3D positive electrode have been evidenced. In addition, the lithium electrode/electrolyte interface has been characterized and heterogeneous stripping/plating has been evidenced, leading to low electrochemical performances while cycling
Mawonou, Kodjo. "Développement d’algorithmes adaptatifs embarqués et débarqués du système de gestion batterie pour l’estimation des états de la batterie en usage automobile." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASC028.
Full textEnvironmental issues are increasingly concerning to public opinion and authorities. Accordingly, Automobile manufacturers have to propose more environmental friendly vehicles. This thesis project goes to the general scope of battery-driven vehicles. The energy of the electric and hybrid vehicles is stored in batteries pack made of numerous electrochemical cells. Lithium-ion cells are the most commonly used, and are one another connected in series and parallel. These batteries packs, require an enhanced surveillance assured by a dedicated controller called Battery ManagementSystem (BMS).The first part of the work deals with computational burden reductionin the BMS when several battery cells are utilized in battery packs. To improvethe precision of batteries state of charge (SoC) estimation, we have studied and implemented a fractional order model (FOM) based state estimator for Li-ionbatteries.The second part of the study is dedicated to Li-ion batteries health management. First, new state of health (SoH) indicators were designed. Furthermore, a datadriven SoH predictor was designed using EVs data collected over time. The model training was conducted based on extracted user’s behaviors. Finally, a tool is provided for ageing factors ranking
Dridi, Zrelli Yosra. "Électrochimie et spectroscopie Raman de matériaux d’électrode positive pour batteries Li-ion." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1126/document.
Full textIn this work, we show the relevance of Raman spectroscopy as a useful technique to investigate the local changes induced by the electrochemical reaction of intercalation/deintercalation of lithium in positive electrode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries.Raman investigations concern three types of high voltage cathode materials (4-5Volts) which are layered LiCoO2 and cubic LiMn2O4 and LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4.During electrochemical deintercalation of LiCoO2, we show the existence of a two phase region where the initial hexagonal phase coexist with a second hexagonal phase with a 3% expansion of the lattice parameter indicating a weakening of the Co-O bond in the Li1-xCoO2 material.On the other hand, a new assignment of LiMn2O4 Raman spectrum was proposed. During the charge in the 4V region, a three region phase (initial LiMn2O4 phase, intermediary phase and poor lithium phase) was described using Raman spectroscopy. RX measurements can not detect this intermediary phase. Lithiated phase Raman signature shows a specific local order: Fd3m for extreme phases and F43m for partially lithiated phase. A rich Raman band spectrum is attributed to this later phase in coherence with literature calculations. Structural changes reversibility is demonstrated. Identification of this intermediary phase as a major component of a cycled electrode, underline the incomplete reduction and explain the important loss of capacity observed during cycling. Raman study of LiMn2O4 electrochemical insertion in the 3V region, has demonstrated for the first time a progressive formation of tetragonal Li2Mn2O4 phase, which is in coexistence with initial cubic phase and is pure at the end of discharge. Structural transition reversibility was also demonstrated.In the case of LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4, the assignment of the Raman spectrum of LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 is provided for the first time. DRX study in function of the state of charge and discharge, exhibit cubic structure conservation with moderate lattice parameters variations. The Raman spectrum of the spinel oxide exhibits drastic spectral changes during Li extraction. These changes have been directly related to the Mn and Ni oxidation states in the cathode material under operation. It comes out that electrochemical reactions of LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 are reversible and based on three redox couples of Mn3+/Mn4+, Ni2+/Ni3+, and Ni3+/Ni4+. An original and concrete Raman spectroscopy application is the study of self discharge mechanism of completely charged LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4. Raman spectra evolution exhibits a quantitative Ni4+ reduction during the first hours, and then a slower Ni3+ reduction process. Finally, LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 lithium insertion has been explored for the first time using Raman spectroscopy, and a tetragonal Li2Ni0.4Mn1.6O4 phase has been identified.The originality of this work is the important number of experimental Raman data of 4V electrode materials. New assignment of initial compound has been proposed and original vibrationnal data of compound during charge/discharge has been presented. These Raman data has permitted to propose a quantitative explanation which must be completed with ab initio calculations to simulate vibrationnal modes frequencies/ intensities
Bouteau, Gaspard. "Étude des propriétés de l'interface semi-conducteur - électrolyte sous illumination pour batteries à ion-lithium photo-rechargeables." Thesis, Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0048.
Full textThis PhD work relies on the study of a device able to convert and store solar energy at the molecular level. The use of highly divided TiO2 particles as a battery electrode in contact with a commonly used lithium-ion battery electrolyte (namely 1 mol/L LiPF6 in an Ethylene Carbonate/ Dimethyl Carbonate mixture) allowed to trigger light induced deinsertion from the TiO2 crystalline structure. Along galvanostatic discharge and photo-recharge cycles of this material, a premature loss of discharge capacity has been observed and attributed to the formation of a passivation layer predominately composed by lithium fluoride LiF which mitigates the ionic diffusion at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Electrochemical and photo-electrochemical measurements allowed to identify a photo-catalytic behavior of the lithiated phase LixTiO2 for the electrolyte degradation. The impacts of several parameters such as the particle size, the applied temperature on the cycling, or the electrolyte composition on the electrode performances have been investigated as well as the impact of a standardized light exposure on the physicochemical properties of the LiPF6 EC/DMC electrolyte. Finally, Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) characterizations have been performed and provide some insights on the electrode/electrolyte interface mechanisms under illumination. As a matter of performance improvement, a new electrolyte composition has been used and successfully prevents the formation of the passivation layer on the electrolyte surface, leading to the hindering of discharge capacity loss along cycling
Xiong, Bao Kou. "Quantification des gaz générés lors du fonctionnement d'une batterie Li-ion : effet des conditions opératoires et rôle de l'électrolyte." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4003/document.
Full textThe functioning of lithium-ion batteries, may it be under normal use or under abusive conditions, is accompanied by gas generation, especially during the first cycles. This extent of gas generation is dependent on the choice of electrode materials, the electrolyte, and the operating conditions. This gas generation is detrimental: the build-up of pressure leads to the over-pressure in the battery, raising serious concerns. This study is aimed at understanding the fundamental mechanisms governing these reactions. To do so, the « pouch cell » configuration was adopted throughout this thesis. The electrolyte we worked on is the mixture EC:PC:3DMC + 1 mol.L-1 LiPF6. The first chapter of this work is dedicated to development of an experimental protocol based on (i) the analysis of the electrodes materials (NMC, LFP, Gr and LTO), (ii) the gas solubilities (O2, H2) compared to (CO2, CH4) by PVT method, and (iii) the quantification of the volume of generated gases during the cycling of pouch cells which was correlated to the electrochemical performances. A preliminary analysis of half-cells and full cells Gr//NMC and LTO//LFP were also conducted to foresee the performances of the pouch cells. A critical analysis of data taken from the literature and from our own experiments enabled the optimization of a proper procedure to get reproducible and comparable results. The second part of this thesis consists in the quantification of the volume of gases generated during the cycling of Gr//NMC, Gr//LFP, LTO//LFP and LTO//NMC pouch cells. In that respect, the voltages of the end of charge and the effect of salt and of temperature were discussed to figure out the essential parameters in the gas generation and in particular during the formation of SEI. Lastly, a compositional analysis of gases was performed using GC-MS and FTIR. Based on those results, a mechanism is proposed and discussed herein
Che, Daud Zul Hilmi. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement thermique de la batterie lithium-ion pour véhicules électriques et hybrides." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS078/document.
Full textThe main objectives of this study are to provide the essential information on the thermal behaviour of the battery cells for automotive purpose especially for EVs and HEVs through experimental work in order to develop an effective 3D electro-thermal model for lithium ion battery cells and pack. The experimental study is focusing on the distribution of temperature at various points of the battery cell surface, impact of different constant discharge rates, and also the importance of cooling system on the battery temperature behaviour. This thesis highlights the battery cell temperature under abuse discharge condition and the impact of stacking the battery cells inside the battery pack. Impact of different temperature and SOC on the battery cell internal resistance and a case study on the battery cell thermal behaviour used in a series HEV to complete driving cycles using different cooling strategies are also studied. Furthermore, the experimental study is extended to the characteristic of the cooling air flow behaviour inside the battery pack, using particulate image velocimetry (PIV) system. The 3D electro-thermal CFD model is implemented in a free, open source CFD software package called OpenFOAM. The target is to have a relatively simple but accurate model with reasonable computation time. This proposed model considers the heat generation from battery current and internal resistance as a function of temperature, heat transfer through conduction, forced convection and radiation
Plattard, Tiphaine. "Modélisation du vieillissement d'une batterie Lithium-ion : couplage d'un modèle de fatigue avec un modèle comportemental." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS323.
Full textReliable development of LIBs requires accurate aging studies. The objective of the thesis is to clarify on a new cell chemistry (NMC) the impact of the parameters on aging, namely the temperature, the rated current intensity and the state of charge, and to implement it in a predictive and updatable model.A test campaign makes it possible to quantify the unit impact of the aging parameters on the loss of capacity of each battery cell. We integrate the results into a fatigue model. The latter modulates the impact of an exchanged ampere-hour by the exchange conditions of this ampere-hour by means of weighting functions. This model is then implemented in a software, equipped with its man/machine interface. It allows the user to become familiar with aging and to make prediction calculations of loss of battery capacity.This model can drift with time due to repeated solicitation, so its parameters need to be updated by on-field measurements, to remain accurate. These on-field measurements are submitted to the so-called Incremental Capacity Analysis method (ICA), consisting in the analysis of dQ/dV as a function of V. We have shown that the evolution of the peaks observable on the ICA can be correlated with the kinetics of the first fatigue model. This measurement makes it possible to couple with the fatigue model. Finally, application tests validate the method developed
Dussart, Thibaut. "Batterie lithium tout solide : augmentation de la densité de courant critique et procédé innovant de fabrication." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS396.
Full textThe first axis of this study focused on the increase in the critical current density achievable in symmetrical cells by modifying certain parameters such as the microstructure, the interface with lithium, or the pressure evaluated. We have shown that even a low pressure on the cells modifies the interface between the solid electrolyte and lithium even in the case of an oxide-based electrolyte; an improvement in ASR is observed when the pressure is increased. An ASR as low as 5 Ω.cm2 has been obtained and a critical current density of 350 µA.cm-2 has thus been achieved. The second axis of this work focused on the study, implementation, and optimization of a sintering process allowing densification at low temperature (120 °C): the cold sintering process. The dissolution/precipitation processes are made possible by the addition of a liquid phase that partly evaporates during sintering and by the application of a pressure of several hundred MPa. We have shown that LLZO solid electrolyte can be densified by adding DMF as the liquid phase. The conductivity measured on the electrolyte can be improved by adding about 4% by weight of a polymer/lithium salt mixture. Thus, a conductivity of 2.2 × 10-4 S.cm-1 can be obtained at 25 ° C. Then we showed that a temperature as low as 120 ° C allows LLZO and an electrode material to co-sinter without the formation of a secondary phase
Lassagne, Adrien. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux électrolytes copolymères pour batteries lithium métal polymère." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI063.
Full textThis work deals with synthesis and characterization of new polymer electrolytes for lithium metal polymer (LMP) batteries. The main challenge of polymer electrolytes is to combine both high ionic conductivity at low temperature and good mechanical properties. To overcome these issues, block copolymers have been designed. Remarkable properties are reached thanks to the self-assembly of these triblock copolymers. Mechanical properties are given by stiff polystyrene (PS) domains whereas ionic mobility operates in an ionophilic phase, polyoxyethylene (POE) with a lithium salt (LiTFSI). By introducing chemical defects in the POE backbone, melting temperature of the copolymer has been considerably lowered leading to conductivities of about 7.10-5 S.cm-1 and a Young’s modulus of 0.3 MPa at 40°C. If interesting properties are obtained thanks to this strategy, the small fraction of conductivity insured by lithium ions (t+=0.15) remains an issue. The low t+ leads to large concentration gradients limiting the performances of the system. In a second approach, TFSI anions have been covalently tethered on the PS backbone, raising the t+ to 1. An important increase of Li+ conductivity was obtained by adding a perfluorinated spacer between PS and TFSI moieties, with an ionophilic phase based on PEO (2.10-5 S.cm-1 @ 60°C). The chemical modification of the PEO block leads to Li+ conductivities of 10-6 S.cm-1 at 40°C. The composition of these different copolymers have been varied and their structural, thermal, mechanical and transport properties have been studied. Finally the best electrolytes of each category have been assessed in a full cell configuration
Meabe, Iturbe Leire. "Innovative polycarbonates for lithium conducting polymer electrolytes." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3042.
Full textThe 21st century must address new challenges. The highly qualified life, demanded by modern society, requires constant developments. Energy is the essential ingredient for the economic and social development. The technological revolution that we are now suffering has as a principle the energy produced by coal, oil, and gas. However, the consumption of these energy sources are limited and additionally, during the last decades have been strongly criticized due to the high CO2 emissions released. Besides, the energy produced by renewable energies are promising alternative supplies to limited non-renewable resources. Little by little, the use of fuel-based energy sources will be reduced and renewable solar energy, wind power, hydropower, geothermal energy and bioenergy will be settled in our life. Nevertheless, due to the intermittent availability of these type of resources, good energy storage systems have to be designed. Among the all systems, electrochemical energy storage systems (EESS)s seem to be the best alternative for the use of portable electronics, electric vehicles and smart grid facilities.Generally, a battery contains a liquid electrolyte on it, which is based on a salt dissolved in a liquid organic solvent. This solvent is known to be toxic and highly flammable. Great efforts have been devoted to design safe electrolytes. Thus, polymer electrolytes have been proposed as safe materials. Nevertheless, the ionic conductivity, lithium transference number and electrochemical stability window should be addressed in order to be used in different applications. In this direction, in this thesis different polycarbonates have been proposed as promising host materials and they have been evaluated in as safe electrolytes
Munier, Antoine. "Croissance par pulvérisation cathodique d’un nanocomposite LiF-Cu et son application comme positive de batterie au lithium." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0112/document.
Full textThe LiF-Cu nanocomposite reacting through the conversion reaction: Cu + 2 LiF→ CuF2 + 2 Li+ + 2 e- has been synthesized in order to be studied as positive electrodematerial for lithium battery. In order to perform this reaction in the solid state, the size of theLiF islands mustn't exceeds a few nanometers an the electric percolation through thethickness must be achieved. The technique used to obtain this nanostructuration is thealternated RF co-sputtering. In order to control the nanocomposite synthesis, the rate ofdeposition and the adatoms flux for each material have been measured using profilometryand ICP-OES. Their composition and morphology have been characterised by electronicalmicroscopy (SEM, TEM, STEM, HRTEM, AFM), diffraction (XRD, SAED) and spectroscopy(EELS, XPS). Results have shown that the morphology was indeed made of nanometricislands of Cu and LiF. The nanocomposite electric conductivity is 5 order of magnitudehigher than the LiF one. The first tests have shown a high polarization typical of conversionmaterials and a poor cyclability
Chauvin, Christophe. "Utilisation d'anions à fonction sulfate dans des électrolytes pour batterie au lithium : étude des mécanismes de transport." Grenoble INPG, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009490.
Full textLithium salts based on oligoether sulfate were synthesized and characterised. They incorporate oxyethylene units wich en able the lithium cation salvation and, potentially, their use as ionic liquids. Their properties as lithium salts dissolved in liquid or polymer electrolytes were evaluated. Their electrochemical and thermal stabilities are sufficient for lithium battery application. Due to their weak dissociation in POE their conductivities are fairly low. On the other hand, they have high cationic transference numbers. Ln mixture with usual salts as LiTFSI, they provide a good compromise between conductivities/transference number/cost. The second part of this study deals with the synthesis and characterisation of an ionomer with sulfat function and polyether backbone. The electrochemical, physical and chemical properties of this material show that it could be used as polymer electrolyte. Its potential as cross-linked gelled polymer electrolyte is outstanding. Structural analyses on an ionomeric monocrystal have been corroborated with quantum chemistry calculations
Fei, Yao. "Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as an Anode for Lithium Ion Battery." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/96/79/13/PDF/20130912_Fei_YAO_thesis_Ecole_submission.pdf.
Full textIn this thesis work, carbon-based nanomaterials using as an anode for lithium ion battery have been generally investigated. Compared to typical micron-sized carbon materials, nanosized carbon materials exhibited great potentials not only in practical anode application but also in the fundamental science exploration of Li ion diffusion. In the case of practical application, one dimensional carbon nanofibers (CNFs) fabricated by electrospinning was prepared for anode material. The structure involves neither a metal substrate nor binders and therefore eventually benefited the capacity and long term stability. Yet, the energy density is still limited to 370 mAh/g of conventional carbon. In order to improve the capacity of raw carbon nanofibers, silicon, a high Li storage material, was incorporated by electrochemical deposition. The resulted Si/CNF mat improved clearly the capacity of carbon materials more than twice for most of cases. In the case of fundamental study, chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-synthesized two dimensional graphene was chosen to be a media to reveal the diffusion pathways of Li ion. Compared to typical graphite which contains both basal and edge planes, a well defined basal plane with large area can be realized in graphene to provide a comprehensive picture of lithium diffusion mechanism. We have discovered that electrochemical reaction of electrode (substrate/graphene) not only is related to the number of graphene layers but also relies on the defect sites on the basal plane of graphene. Combing the experimental results and density functional theory calculations, we proved that basal plane hindered lithium ion diffusion with a high diffusion barrier height, whereas divacancies and higher order defects can be shortcuts for lithium ion diffusion
Belaid, Sofiane. "Formulation et procédé d'élaboration sans solvant d'électrodes de batteries Lithium-ion." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10038.
Full textThis study aims to find a new way of lithium-ion battery electrodes production using dry process. The production procedure consists on the extrusion of different compounds of the electrode (binder, active material and conductive agent) with a sacrificial polymer. First, a study was established to choose optimal conductive agent and coating material of the collector substrat in order to optimize electrical properties of the electrode. Then the interaction between charges and polymer was studied to justify charges cohesion despite the low amount of the binder and to explain some performances loss mainly in terms of ionic and electrical conductivity. This study revealed the presence of adsorbed / grafted polymer on the surface of charges, known as "bound rubber". Finally, we showed that electrode porosity could be controlled. In addition it was proved that it is possible to perform a dry electrode responding to initial specifications. In fact, electrodes with active material content greater than 80 wt% ( rate of global fillers greater than 80 vol % ), a rate of porosity of 40 vol % , a thickness less than 100 μm, high electrically conductive and finally a specific capacity of 145 mA.h/g were performed
Tanguy, François. "Origine de la perte de capacité de nanograins d'oxyde de vanadium pour batterie au lithium : influence du greffage moléculaire." Nantes, 2008. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=edf1adea-3e17-46c9-8786-2b89277faa1e.
Full textNanometric Li1,1V3O8 based lithium batteries suffer from a strong loss of capacity on cycling. The electrochemical and physical characterizations show that the degradation of the properties on cycling stems from the formation of a passivating layer on the surface of active material grains. The latter would come from the degradation of the electrolyte caused by its attack by nucleophilic oxygen atoms of Li1,1V3O8 surface. To study the effects of surface state on the capacity loss, Li1,1V3O8 specific surface area was increased by six fold using synthesis by sol-gel method in isopropanol medium. Thereafter, electrochemical grafting by reduction of diazonium salts was performed. This surface state modification stabilized the capacity loss by limiting the electrolyte decomposition
GENTILE, ANTONIO. "MXene-based materials for alkaline-ion batteries: synthesis, properties, applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/382748.
Full textThe ever-increasing production of portable devices and electric cars asks to the market to produce efficient devices that can store electrical energy. For these types of technologies, where device miniaturization is essential, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become leaders as energy storage systems. The research on the lithium-ion batteries is focused to obtain more performing devices with high gravimetric and volumetric capacities of the electrode materials. In addition to the technological aspect, related to the optimization of materials, there is the supply chain of active components of the battery to consider, starting from lithium. At the moment, the problem is tackled by studying batteries with other alkaline metal ions, i.e. Na+ and K+. However, there are no standardized active materials for these devices, especially on sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), started only a few years later than that of LIBs; therefore, today these technologies are intended to support the LIBs in order to satisfy the enormous market demand of the batteries for the future vehicles. The goal of this work was to develop MXene-based anode materials to obtain efficient anodes for sodium and lithium-ion batteries. MXenes are a family of inorganic transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides with a 2D structure that would seem promising for the intercalation of different ions due to a great flexibility and adaptability towards several intercalating ions. The ion intercalations occur by a pseudocapacitive mechanism whereby the materials have limited capacity, but they have great electrochemical stability over thousands of cycles and coulombic efficiencies near to 100%. The production of this material was done by HF etching of a precursor called MAX phase. This is the easiest and fastest method to obtain the material in laboratory scale, but it has many criticalities when the process has to be scale-up to industrial scale. A large part of this work was spent studying the synthetic technique to obtain MXenes for SIB by reducing or replacing HF in the chemical synthesis. The materials have been characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffractometry, electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, etc., and by electrochemical tests, such as cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling. Thanks to the 2D structure, a common use of MXene in the literature is in nanocomposite syntheses for SIBs and LIBs, in order to produce high-capacity materials, as required in the battery market. Therefore, two nanocomposites based on antimony-MXene and tin oxide-MXene tested for SIB and for LIB respectively, were synthesized. Antimony and tin oxide are two materials with high theoretical capacity when used as anodes in batteries, but at the same time, they are extremely fragile and tend to pulverize during charging and discharging processes. MXene is used as a buffer to limit or prevent cracking and separation of alloys from the electrode surface.
Azmi, Raheleh [Verfasser], and M. J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hoffmann. "Oberflächenanalytische Ansätze zur zuverlässigen Charakterisierung von Lithium-Ionen-Batterie-Elektroden = Surface Analytical Approaches to Reliably Characterize Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes / Raheleh Azmi ; Betreuer: M. J. Hoffmann." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1170230563/34.
Full textJavid, Gelareh. "Contribution à l’estimation de charge et à la gestion optimisée d’une batterie Lithium-ion : application au véhicule électrique." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2021. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/.
Full textThe State Of Charge (SOC) estimation is a significant issue for safe performance and the lifespan of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, which is used to power the Electric Vehicles (EVs). In this thesis, the accuracy of SOC estimation is investigated using Deep Recurrent Neural Network (DRNN) algorithms. To do this, for a one cell Li-ion battery, three new SOC estimator based on different DRNN algorithms are proposed: a Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) method, Robust Long-Short Term Memory (RoLSTM) algorithm, and a Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) technique. Using these, one is not dependent on precise battery models and can avoid complicated mathematical methods especially in a battery pack. In addition, these models are able to precisely estimate the SOC at varying temperature. Also, unlike the traditional recursive neural network where content is re-written at each time, these networks can decide on preserving the current memory through the proposed gateways. In such case, it can easily transfer the information over long paths to receive and maintain long-term dependencies. Comparing the results indicates the BiLSTM network has a better performance than the other two. Moreover, the BiLSTM model can work with longer sequences from two direction, the past and the future, without gradient vanishing problem. This feature helps to select a sequence length as much as a discharge period in one drive cycle, and to have more accuracy in the estimation. Also, this model well behaved against the incorrect initial value of SOC. Finally, a new BiLSTM method introduced to estimate the SOC of a pack of batteries in an Ev. IPG Carmaker software was used to collect data and test the model in the simulation. The results showed that the suggested algorithm can provide a good SOC estimation without using any filter in the Battery Management System (BMS)
Sourice, Julien. "Synthèse de nanocomposites cœur-coquille silicium carbone par pyrolyse laser double étage : application à l’anode de batterie lithium-ion." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112166/document.
Full textThe replacement of carbon graphite, the commercial anode material in Li-ion batteries, by silicon is one of the most promising strategies to increase the capacity of anode in these devices. However, micrometric silicon suffers from strong degradation effect while cycling. The volume expansion of the lithiated particles and the direct contact between the active material and the solvents induce the continuous formation and pulverization of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) leading to the rapid fading of the capacity. Many research groups suggest decreasing the size of the particle to the nanoscale where pulverization of the particles is almost inexistent. Furthermore, the formation of a carbon shell around these silicon nanoparticles is cited as the most efficient way to isolate the material from the direct contact with the solvent. The main issue is to obtain these core shell nanocomposites with a process able to meet industrial requirement.The Nanometric Structure Laboratory (LEDNA) is experimented in the synthesis of nanomaterial thanks to the gas phase laser pyrolysis method. This versatile process is characterized by a high yield of production and permits an efficient control over the reaction parameters. In order to obtain core shell structures, a new reactor has been developed by the combination of two stages of reaction. Thanks to this original setup, crystalline silicon cores covered or not with a carbon shell were achieved in one step for the first time. Likewise, amorphous cores were covered with a carbon shell, leading to the synthesis of a novel nanocomposite. Microscopic study reveals that these materials are obtained in a chain-like structure that can be beneficial to the electronic and ionic conduction properties. The carbonaceous compound were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and appeared to be non-graphitic sp2 rich species known in the literature as basic structural units (BSU). Auger electron spectroscopy study highlights the homogeneity of the carbon covering, in particular over smaller silicon cores. Neutron diffraction showed that the amorphous silicon cores covered with carbon are protected against passive oxidation unlike bare amorphous cores.The nanocomposites were used as anode materials in lithium-metal coin cell configuration. A cyclic voltammetry study highlights that crystalline silicon cores embedded into carbon need many sweeps before their full lithiation whereas amorphous core shell nanocomposites deeply lithiated from the first sweep, a phenomena yet not described in the literature. A potential resolved electronic impedance spectroscopy technic was used to determine the main degradation process of the core shell materials. We showed that the capacity fading can be mainly attributed to SEI dissolution and reformation through cycling, obstructing the porous structure of the electrode and limiting the cyclability. Finally, galvanostatically tested the core-shell nanocomposites reveal enhanced performance compared to graphite carbon. At the high charge/discharge rate of 2C, hardly reachable to the commercial anode material, the amorphous core-shell nanocomposite was cycled up to 500 cycles while maintaining a high capacity of 800 mAh.g-1 and outstanding coulombic efficiency of 99,99 %
Harfouche, Nesrine. "Electrodéposition de revêtements composites à base de polyaniline pour des applications de batterie Lithium-ion et de protection contre la corrosion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL0013.
Full textIn this study, we prepared two conductive composite materials based on polyaniline (PANI) byelectrodeposition. First, we investigated the development of new polyaniline/LiMn2O4 composite films forapplication as cathode material in lithium-ion batteries. Analysis by X-ray diffraction, EDS analysis and FTIRspectroscopy confirmed the incorporation of LiMn2O4 in composite films. The electrochemical analysis of thefilms obtained showed a higher conductivity of the composite films compared to the conductivity of the filmsof PANI. The second part was devoted to the preparation of oxidized graphene (GO) from graphite by 2methods of synthesis derived from the method of Hummers. The results showed that the degree of oxidation ofthe graphene sheets was not the only criterion in assessing the stability of GO in water. Electropolymerizationof aniline in a neutral electrolyte containing GO sheets was carried out to prepare PANI-GO composite films.The neutral electrolytic medium leads to PANI oligomer chains of low molecular weight with a significantproportion of aromatic mono units and 1,2-di-substituted units in the final structure. The electrodeposition wasperformed on inert and oxidizable metals. The corrosion protection efficiency of PANI/GO composite filmswas studied in HCl corrosion medium
Bancelin, Mélanie. "Mise au point et étude du comportement d’un séparateur innovant pour batterie lithium-ion à électrode négative à conversion." Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0102.
Full textThis thesis carried out in collaboration with EDF R&D, relates to the development of an original separator for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries involving conversion reaction, for an application in electric vehicles. The originality of this separator is that it is deposited on the negative electrode of the battery by a cataphoretic electrocoating, which allows the coating of a metal surface with a polymer in aqueous solution. The first stage is focused on the adjustment of the coating conditions in order to define those which make it possible to form an insulating polymer film while having the finest possible thickness, and which is chemically stable in the electrolyte. At the same time, the rate of reticulation allowing the polymer to become soaked with the electrolyte by forming a gel was identified. The second stage refers to the evolution of the ionic resistance of the polymer soaked with electrolyte during its impregnation. This study carried out by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), also shows the influence of the rate of reticulation and of the initial thickness of the polymer on the value of its ionic resistance. In parallel, the thickness of the soaked polymer was determined by profilometry, which, combined with the value of ionic resistance, finally enables to calculate the ionic conductivity of the gel. Finally, the last stage is devoted to the assembly of the polymer film as a separator in a rechargeable coin cell. The cycling results of this cell were studied on 50 cycles and were compared with those of a cell containing a commercial separator