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Kirkels, Arjan F., Jeroen Bleker, and Henny A. Romijn. "Ready for the Road? A Socio-Technical Investigation of Fire Safety Improvement Options for Lithium-Ion Traction Batteries." Energies 15, no. 9 (May 2, 2022): 3323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093323.
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Battery technology is crucial in the transition towards electric mobility. Lithium-ion batteries are conquering the market but are facing fire safety risks that might threaten further applications. In this study, we address the problem and potential solutions for traction batteries in the European Union area. We do so by taking a unique socio-technical system perspective. Therefore, a novel, mixed-method approach is applied, combining literature review; stakeholder interviews; Failure Mode, Mechanisms, and Event Analysis (FMMEA); and rapid prototyping. Our findings confirm that fire safety is an upcoming concern. Still, most stakeholders lack a full understanding of the problem. Improving safety is a shared responsibility among supply chain and societal stakeholders. For automotive applications, voluntary standard-setting on safety risks is an appropriate tool to improve fire safety, whereas for niche applications, a top-down approach setting regulations seems more suited. For both groups, the adaptation of battery pack designs to prevent thermal runaway propagation is shown to be promising from a technological, practical, and organizational perspective. The chosen mixed-method approach allowed for a holistic analysis of the problems and potential solutions. As such, it can serve as an empowerment strategy for stakeholders in the field, stimulating further discussion, agenda building, and action.
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Tabuyo-Martínez, Marina, Bernd Wicklein, and Pilar Aranda. "Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 12 (September 9, 2021): 995–1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.12.75.
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Rechargeable batteries are a major element in the transition to renewable energie systems, but the current lithium-ion battery technology may face limitations in the future concerning the availability of raw materials and socio-economic insecurities. Sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries are a promising alternative energy storage device for small- to large-scale applications driven by more favorable environmental and economic perspectives. However, scientific and technological problems are still hindering a commercial breakthrough of these batteries. This review discusses strategies to remedy some of the current drawbacks such as the polysulfide shuttle effect, catastrophic volume expansion, Na dendrite growth, and slow reaction kinetics by nanostructuring both the sulfur cathode and the Na anode. Moreover, a survey of recent patents on room temperature (RT) Na–S batteries revealed that nanostructured sulfur and sodium electrodes are still in the minority, which suggests that much investigation and innovation is needed until RT Na–S batteries can be commercialized.
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Penisa, Xaviery N., Michael T. Castro, Jethro Daniel A. Pascasio, Eugene A. Esparcia, Oliver Schmidt, and Joey D. Ocon. "Projecting the Price of Lithium-Ion NMC Battery Packs Using a Multifactor Learning Curve Model." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 11, 2020): 5276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205276.
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Renewable energy (RE) utilization is expected to increase in the coming years due to its decreasing costs and the mounting socio-political pressure to decarbonize the world’s energy systems. On the other hand, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are on track to hit the target 100 USD/kWh price in the next decade due to economy of scale and manufacturing process improvements, evident in the rise in Li-ion gigafactories. The forecast of RE and Li-ion technology costs is important for planning RE integration into existing energy systems. Previous cost predictions on Li-ion batteries were conducted using conventional learning curve models based on a single factor, such as either installed capacity or innovation activity. A two-stage learning curve model was recently investigated wherein mineral costs were taken as a factor for material cost to set the floor price, and material cost was a major factor for the battery pack price. However, these models resulted in the overestimation of future prices. In this work, the future prices of Li-ion nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) battery packs - a battery chemistry of choice in the electric vehicle and stationary grid storage markets - were projected up to year 2025 using multi-factor learning curve models. Among the generated models, the two-factor learning curve model has the most realistic and statistically sound results having learning rates of 21.18% for battery demand and 3.0% for innovation. By year 2024, the projected price would fall below the 100 USD/kWh industry benchmark battery pack price, consistent with most market research predictions. Techno-economic case studies on the microgrid applications of the forecasted prices of Li-ion NMC batteries were conducted. Results showed that the decrease in future prices of Li-ion NMC batteries would make 2020 and 2023 the best years to start investing in an optimum (solar photovoltaic + wind + diesel generator + Li-ion NMC) and 100% RE (solar photovoltaic + wind + Li-ion NMC) off-grid energy system, respectively. A hybrid grid-tied (solar photovoltaic + grid + Li-ion NMC) configuration is the best grid-tied energy system under the current net metering policy, with 2020 being the best year to deploy the investment.
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Janovec, Michal, Jozef Čerňan, Filip Škultéty, and Andrej Novák. "Design of Batteries for a Hybrid Propulsion System of a Training Aircraft." Energies 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010049.
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In this article, we propose the parameters of a battery that would be suitable for the conceptual design of a small training aircraft. The mass design of the battery is based on the requirements for real training flights performed by students in pilot training. Such a serial hybrid propulsion aircraft could be used in our UNIZA aviation, training and education center for pilot training. Due to socio-political pressures in reducing emissions generated by vehicles, there has also been massive research in the aviation industry in the field of hybrid and electric aircraft propulsion. In the introduction, the article deals with the energy sources used in aircraft propulsion. In hybrid propulsion, a combination of aviation fuel and electricity is used as the energy source. The required total energy must choose a suitable combination of these two energy sources. The biggest drawback of batteries that can be used in hybrid systems is their low energy density. Low energy density means that larger and heavier batteries need to be used to achieve the required performance, which is their main disadvantage. Therefore, it is necessary to find a suitable compromise between the hybrid’s percentage, i.e., the ratio between conventional and electric drive. We applied the hybrid aircraft system’s calculations to the real training flights to determine the necessary parameters of the hybrid aircraft suitable for pilot training. This calculation will help in obtaining an idea of the basic parameters of the hybrid drive and the battery parameters, which are necessary for particular applications in the training aircraft. The performed calculations of the hybrid configuration and, especially, the determination of the battery of the hybrid propulsion parameters provide the basic information necessary for the design of the hybrid system of a small training aircraft. These outputs can be used to determine the parameters of batteries that would be used in hybrid systems. A limiting factor to consider with hybrid aircrafts is that the aircraft must be charged on the ground before the flight, which poses interesting logistical and infrastructure problems at the airport.
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Biemolt, Jasper, Peter Jungbacker, Tess van Teijlingen, Ning Yan, and Gadi Rothenberg. "Beyond Lithium-Based Batteries." Materials 13, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020425.
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We discuss the latest developments in alternative battery systems based on sodium, magnesium, zinc and aluminum. In each case, we categorize the individual metals by the overarching cathode material type, focusing on the energy storage mechanism. Specifically, sodium-ion batteries are the closest in technology and chemistry to today’s lithium-ion batteries. This lowers the technology transition barrier in the short term, but their low specific capacity creates a long-term problem. The lower reactivity of magnesium makes pure Mg metal anodes much safer than alkali ones. However, these are still reactive enough to be deactivated over time. Alloying magnesium with different metals can solve this problem. Combining this with different cathodes gives good specific capacities, but with a lower voltage (<1.3 V, compared with 3.8 V for Li-ion batteries). Zinc has the lowest theoretical specific capacity, but zinc metal anodes are so stable that they can be used without alterations. This results in comparable capacities to the other materials and can be immediately used in systems where weight is not a problem. Theoretically, aluminum is the most promising alternative, with its high specific capacity thanks to its three-electron redox reaction. However, the trade-off between stability and specific capacity is a problem. After analyzing each option separately, we compare them all via a political, economic, socio-cultural and technological (PEST) analysis. The review concludes with recommendations for future applications in the mobile and stationary power sectors.
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Coimbra Vieira, Leonardo Henrique, Rafael Gundim Silva, Bruno Oliveira da Silva, Sérgio De Souza Henrique Júnior, Sílvio Carrielo Câmara, and Júlio Carlos Afonso. "AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE PILHAS ALCALINAS E ZINCO-CARBONO DE DIFERENTES PROCEDÊNCIAS." Eclética Química Journal 38, no. 1 (October 25, 2017): 09. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v38.1.2013.p09-24.
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This work presents a study on the chemical composition of spent batteries manufactured in Brazil and Asian countries. The goal was to compare the quality of these products. Samples were disassembled prior to chemical characterization. The Asian batteries presented much more elements, including higher amounts of iron, mercury, cadmium and lead, and lower amounts of manganese and zinc than Brazilian batteries. Therefore, they present a higher environmental hazard. Also, their performance in several electroelectronic devices was much poorer than the Brazilian samples. Socio-economical aspects explain the considerable market for Asian batteries in Brazil.
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Miller, Susan L. "Unintended Side Effects of Pro-Arrest Policies and Their Race and Class Implications for Battered Women: A Cautionary Note." Criminal Justice Policy Review 3, no. 3 (October 1989): 299–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088740348900300305.
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Increasingly, arrest appears to be the disposition of choice for combatting violence between intimate partners. However, the ramifications of such policies may differentially impact on female victims, particularly those battered women with fewer resources and alternatives who have traditionally placed a greater reliance on police intervention. The residual effects of pro-arrest policies may operate subtly, becoming indiscernible through quantitative analyses of follow-up data and emerging only when qualitative methodologies are employed in conjunction with quantitative methodologies. Although pro-arrest policies are one way to attack the problem of woman battering, the policies become problematic if they disproportionately affect women from minority and lower socio-economic groups, facilitating negative consequences, including possible reoccurrences of violence. This paper raises some of the pertinent issues involved when research fails to capture or address the potential implications of pro-arrest strategies once implemented, and suggests ways to explore the extent and ramifications of these effects.
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Atha, R. A. Atha Nabilla Rahmi, and Mochamad Tutuk Safirin. "PERANCANGAN PRODUK CONVERTIBLE BAG DENGAN PANEL SURYA YANG ERGONOMIS MENGGUNAKAN METODE QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT (QFD)." J-ENSITEC 9, no. 01 (December 5, 2022): 708–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31949/jensitec.v9i01.2734.
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Technological advances in the field of Transportation, a socio-cultural truth that occurs in the community, that today the internet greatly affects citizens in undergoing activities in the community. The number of users of smart phones or smartphones, both on android and iOS systems makes people dependent on smartphones and the internet. Online motorcycle taxi drivers are required to have a mobile phone that can function properly and can be used throughout the day or during his work. This requires online motorcycle taxi drivers to bring their mobile phone cables and Chargers in order to continue receiving orders. Based on the above, there is an opportunity to make a convertible bag equipped with solar panels using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. This study uses experimental methods. This study found that the final specifications of the bag are cheap, there are charging features, easy to store, convenient to use, have a large enough size, have good quality, and design that consumers want. Solar panels can charge a battery of 5,600 mah for one hour in bright sunlight conditions, with this figure can charge mobile phone batteries in general from 0% -100% less than 1 hour
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Buttner-Kunert, J. "Wie wirken sich Beeinträchtigungen der sozialen Kognition auf die narrative Diskursproduktion von Menschen mit Schädel-Hirn-Trauma aus?" Neurologie & Rehabilitation 28, no. 02 (May 2022): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14624/nr2202008.
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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Die Folgen eines Schädel-Hirn-Traumas (SHT) sind vielfältig und können auch kognitive und kommunikative Fähigkeiten beeinträchtigen. Der Einfluss der sozialen Kognition auf diskursive Fähigkeiten wird derzeit kontrovers diskutiert. Methode: Personen mit SHT (PmSHT) wurden im Rahmen einer größeren prospektiven Kohortenstudie rekrutiert. Die Forschungsfragen waren: – Unterscheiden sich PmSHT von neurologischen Gesunden bezüglich der narrativen Fähigkeiten? – Liegen bei PmSHT Störungen der sozialen Kognition vor? – Gibt es einen Zusammenhang zwischen verminderten sozio-kognitiven Fähigkeiten und der narrativen Diskursproduktion? Zur Untersuchung der basalen sozialen Kognition wurde der Untertest Affektdiskriminierung der Tübinger Affekt Batterie eingesetzt. Für die Erhebung der Theory of Mind wurde der Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) verwendet. Für die narrative Diskursproduktion wurde der Untertest »Textproduktion« aus dem MAKRO-Screening durchgeführt. Das allgemeine kognitive Leistungsniveau wurde mit dem MoCA erfasst. Ergebnisse: Bislang wurden 44 Datensätze von 22 PmSHT (4 w/18 m, 38,5 Jahre [SD = 7,9]) und 22 gematchten Kontrollen ausgewertet. PmSHT zeigten in allen durchgeführten Tests außer dem Test zur Affektdiskriminierung schlechtere Ergebnisse als die KG. Für die PmSHT zeigten sich signifikante mittelgradige Korrelationen zwischen dem RMET und dem Untertest Narrative Textproduktion. Diskussion: Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass PmSHT Defizite in der ToM aufweisen können und dass sich diese Beeinträchtigungen negativ auf die narrativen Fähigkeiten auswirken. Die interdisziplinäre Diagnostik von Diskursstörungen ist für die Rehabilitation von Menschen mit SHT von hoher Relevanz, da Beeinträchtigung sozio-kommunikativer Fähigkeiten zu dauerhaften Einschränkungen in der Partizipation von Menschen mit SHT führen können. Schlüsselwörter: Schädel-Hirn-Trauma, Erzählfähigkeit, Kommunikation, soziale Kognition, MAKRO Screening Abstract Background: The consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are manifold and may also affect cognitive and communicative abilities. The influence of social cognition on discourse abilities is currently controversial. Methods: Individuals with TBI were recruited as part of a larger prospective cohort study. The research questions were: – Do people with TBI differ from neurologically healthy individuals with respect to narrative skills? – Do people with TBI display social cognition disorders? – Is there a relationship between diminished socio-cognitive abilities and narrative discourse production? The affect discrimination subtest of the Tübingen Affect Battery was used to examine basal social cognition. For eliciting Theory of Mind (ToM), the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) was used. For narrative discourse production, the Narrative Text Production subtest from the MAKRO screening was administered. General cognitive performance level was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Results: To date, 44 datasets from 22 people with TBI (4 w/18 m, 38.5 years [SD = 7.9]) and 22 matched controls have been analyzed. People with TBI showed worse results than the control group in all the tests performed, with the exception of the affect discrimination test. For people with TBI, significant moderate-level correlations were found between the RMET and the Narrative Text Production subtest. Discussion: The results suggest that people with TBI may show deficits in ToM and that these impairments negatively affect narrative skills. The interdisciplinary diagnosis of discourse disorders is highly relevant for the rehabilitation of people with TBI, as impaired socio-communicative skills can lead to permanent limitations on participation of people with TBI. Keywords: traumatic brain injury, narrative skills, communication, social cognition, MAKRO screening
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Gardner, Robert C. "The socio-educational model of Second Language Acquisition." EUROSLA Yearbook 6 (July 20, 2006): 237–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eurosla.6.14gar.
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In this paper I discuss our socio-educational model of second language acquisition and demonstrate how it provides a fundamental research paradigm to investigate the role of attitudes and motivation in learning another language. This is a general theoretical model designed explicitly for the language learning situation, and is applicable to both foreign and second language learning contexts. It has three important features. First, it satisfies the scientific requirement of parsimony in that it involves a limited number of operationally defined constructs. Second, it has associated with it the Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) that yields reliable assessments of its major constructs, permitting empirical tests of the model. Third, it is concerned with the motivation to learn and become fluent in another language, and not simply with task and/or classroom motivation.
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Bayani, Reza, Arash Soofi, Muhammad Waseem, and Saeed Manshadi. "Impact of Transportation Electrification on the Electricity Grid—A Review." Vehicles 4, no. 4 (October 6, 2022): 1042–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles4040056.
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Transportation electrification is a pivotal factor in accelerating the transition to sustainable energy. Electric vehicles (EVs) can operate either as loads or distributed power resources in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) linkage. This paper reviews the status quo and the implications of transportation electrification in regard to environmental benefits, consumer side impacts, battery technologies, sustainability of batteries, technology trends, utility side impacts, self-driving technologies, and socio-economic benefits. These are crucial subject matters that have not received appropriate research focus in the relevant literature and this review paper aims to explore them. Our findings suggest that transitioning toward cleaner sources of electricity generation should be considered along with transportation electrification. In addition, the lower cost of EV ownership is correlated with higher EV adoption and increased social justice. It is also found that EVs suffer from a higher mile-per-hour charging rate than conventional vehicles, which is an open technological challenge. Literature indicates that electric vehicle penetration will not affect the power grid in short term but charging management is required for higher vehicle penetration in the long-term scenario. The bi-directional power flow in a V2G linkage enhances the efficiency, security, reliability, scalability, and sustainability of the electricity grid. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) charging/discharging has also been found to be effective to offload the distribution system in presence of high EV loads.
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Matsenko, Olena I., Vladyslav S. Tereshchenko, Vladyslav S. Piven, Andrii A. Panchenko, and Evhenyi A. Perekhod. "Socio-environmental and Economic Problems of Solar Panels Recycling." Mechanism of an Economic Regulation, no. 1 (2020): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2020.87.03.
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The use of alternative energy sources, in particular solar energy, has gained rapid growth in recent years. This trend is prompting manufacturers of equipment for solar power plants to increase production volumes. At the same time, the question arises of the disposal of used modules, because each material has its service life. According to technical specifications, the average life of solar modules and batteries is 25-30 years. Decommissioning may occur earlier than this time due to the following reasons – moral and physical deterioration, mechanical damage, replacement of obsolete equipment with new, modernization of solar power plants. Already in 2030, it will be necessary to replace the solar modules installed in 2000. Therefore, there are acute questions not only regarding the development of technologies for processing waste equipment from solar power plants but also organizational and economic methods. This article discusses the main problems that arise during the utilization and recycling of solar modules, analyzes the experience of countries in resolving these issues. After all, the use of renewable energy sources should minimize the negative impact on the environment from energy production at all stages – from the production of equipment for a power plant to the disposal and recycling of this equipment. Keywords: solar panel, recycling, economic method, solar power, natural resource, economic problem, environment, renewable energy.
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Hovi, Inger Beate, Daniel R. Pinchasik, Erik Figenbaum, and Rebecca J. Thorne. "Experiences from Battery-Electric Truck Users in Norway." World Electric Vehicle Journal 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj11010005.
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This paper presents experiences from pilot-projects with battery-electric trucks in Norway, focusing on purchasing processes, technology, vehicle choices, user experience and various performance aspects. Furthermore, we discuss the electrification potential for battery-electric trucks and compare their total costs of ownership and associated socio-economic costs with internal combustion engine (ICE) trucks for a range of technological maturity scenarios. The results show that experiences have generally been positive but tailoring of use patterns is often required. Furthermore, at their current maturity level, battery-electric trucks could, to some extent, replace typical use of Norwegian ICE trucks, depending on the situation. In terms of costs, we expect that battery-electric light distribution trucks will first become competitive with ICE trucks when technology reaches mass production.
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Nayum, Alim, Christian A. Klöckner, and Mehmet Mehmetoglu. "Comparison of socio-psychological characteristics of conventional and battery electric car buyers." Travel Behaviour and Society 3 (January 2016): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2015.03.005.
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Sales-Lérida, Diego, Juan Grosso, Pedro Manuel Martínez-Jiménez, and Manuel Manzano. "A Low Cost and Eco-Sustainable Device to Determine the End of the Disinfection Process in SODIS." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020575.
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The lack of safe drinking water is one of the main health problems in many regions of the world. In order to face it, Solar water disinfection (SODIS) proposes the use of transparent plastic containers, which are filled with contaminated water, and exposed to direct sunlight until enough UV radiation is received to inactivate the pathogens. However, a reliable method for determining the end of the disinfection process is needed. Although several approaches have been proposed in the literature for this purpose, they do not strictly accomplish two critical constraints that are essential in this type of project, namely, low cost and sustainability. In this paper, we propose an electronic device to determine when the lethal UV dose has been reached in SODIS containers, which accomplishes both constraints mentioned above: on the one hand, its manufacturing cost is around EUR 12, which is much lower than the price of other electronic solutions; on the other hand, the device is sufficiently autonomous to work for months with small low-cost disposable batteries, thereby avoiding the use of rechargeable batteries, which are considered hazardous waste at the end of their useful life. In our approach, we first analyze different low cost UV sensors in order to select the most accurate one by comparing their response with a reference pattern provided by a radiometer. Then, an electronic device is designed using this sensor, which measures the accumulated UV radiation and compares this value with the lethal UV dose to determine the end of the disinfection process. Finally, the device has been manufactured and tested in real conditions to analyze its accuracy, obtaining satisfactory results.
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Dominković, Dominik, and Goran Krajačić. "District Cooling Versus Individual Cooling in Urban Energy Systems: The Impact of District Energy Share in Cities on the Optimal Storage Sizing." Energies 12, no. 3 (January 28, 2019): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030407.
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The energy transition of future urban energy systems is still the subject of an ongoing debate. District energy supply can play an important role in reducing the total socio-economic costs of energy systems and primary energy supply. Although lots of research was done on integrated modelling including district heating, there is a lack of research on integrated energy modelling including district cooling. This paper addressed the latter gap using linear continuous optimization model of the whole energy system, using Singapore for a case study. Results showed that optimal district cooling share was 30% of the total cooling energy demand for both developed scenarios, one that took into account spatial constraints for photovoltaics installation and the other one that did not. In the scenario that took into account existing spatial constraints for installations, optimal capacities of methane and thermal energy storage types were much larger than capacities of grid battery storage, battery storage in vehicles and hydrogen storage. Grid battery storage correlated with photovoltaics capacity installed in the energy system. Furthermore, it was shown that successful representation of long-term storage solutions in urban energy models reduced the total socio-economic costs of the energy system for 4.1%.
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HS, Rajeeva, Manjunath MV, Dinakar M, and Gaurav Pandey. "Self-Rechargeable Battery Vehicle." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 3S (February 23, 2021): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c1005.02103s21.
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Widespread adoption of electric vehicles will relieve us from problems such as environmental pollution, global warming and oil dependency. However, theusage of EV is relatively low in spite of many governments implementing strong promotion policies. This paper presents a understandable review of studies on consumer preferences for EV, aiming to better inform policy-makers and give direction to further research. First, we compare the psychological and economic approach towards this topic, followed by a conceptual work of EV preferences which is then implemented to organise our review. We also consider the modelling techniques applied in the selected studies. Estimates of consumer preferences for financial, technical, infrastructure and policy attributes are then considered. A categorisation of main factors for consumer preferences into groups such as socio-economic variables, psychological factors, mobility condition, social influence, etc. is then made and their impacts are briefly explained. Finally, we discuss a research agenda to improve EV consumer preference studies and give suggestions for further research.
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Edith, AREH, Chinwe, Benjamin Okorie Ajah, Oguejiofo C. P. Ezeanya, EZE, Ann Ugomma, Stanley Ikenna Onwuchekwe, and Chukwuemeka Dominic Onyejegbu. "The Troubling Epidemic of Wife-Battering in Ogbaru and Onitsha North Local Government Areas of Anambra State, Nigeria." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (August 23, 2021): 1349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.155.
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Purpose: Debates and assumptions on the trend, motives/causes and implications of wife-battering in Nigeria are largely speculative. The purpose of this article is to explore in a raw form, the socio-economic determinants of wife-battering, on the sub-areas of family violence. Methods: Using qualitative and quantitative research methods, a sample of 364 respondents comprising 196 males and 168 females was drawn from Anambra State, Nigeria. Multi-stage and purposive sampling techniques were used to reach the respondents. Questionnaire and in-depth interviews were instruments for data collection. Results: Findings confirmed that wife-battering in Ogbaru and Onitsha-North Local Government Areas is most often caused by denial of sex and infidelity. Conclusion: The policy implications calls for the creation of local government welfare units to be holding periodic talk shows for married couples on the imperative of living happily.
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Adegbohun, Feyijimi, Annette von Jouanne, and Kwang Lee. "Autonomous Battery Swapping System and Methodologies of Electric Vehicles." Energies 12, no. 4 (February 19, 2019): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040667.
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The transportation industry contributes a significant amount of carbon emissions and pollutants to the environment globally. The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has a significant potential to not only reduce carbon emissions, but also to provide needed energy storage to contribute to the adoption of distributed renewable generation. This paper focuses on a design model and methodology for increasing EV adoption through automated swapping of battery packs at battery sharing stations (BShS) as a part of a battery sharing network (BShN), which would become integral to the smart grid. Current battery swapping methodologies are reviewed and a new practical approach is proposed considering both the technical and socio-economic impacts. The proposed BShS/BShN provides novel solutions to some of the most preeminent challenges that EV adoption faces today such as range anxiety, grid reliability, and cost. Challenges and advancements specific to this solution are also discussed.
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Meyer, Kristina, Werner Sommer, and Andrea Hildebrandt. "Reflections and New Perspectives on Face Cognition as a Specific Socio-Cognitive Ability." Journal of Intelligence 9, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence9020030.
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The study of socio-cognitive abilities emerged from intelligence research, and their specificity remains controversial until today. In recent years, the psychometric structure of face cognition (FC)—a basic facet of socio-cognitive abilities—was extensively studied. In this review, we summarize and discuss the divergent psychometric structures of FC in easy and difficult tasks. While accuracy in difficult tasks was consistently shown to be face-specific, the evidence for easy tasks was inconsistent. The structure of response speed in easy tasks was mostly—but not always—unitary across object categories, including faces. Here, we compare studies to identify characteristics leading to face specificity in easy tasks. The following pattern emerges: in easy tasks, face specificity is found when modeling speed in a single task; however, when modeling speed across multiple, different easy tasks, only a unitary factor structure is reported. In difficult tasks, however, face specificity occurs in both single task approaches and task batteries. This suggests different cognitive mechanisms behind face specificity in easy and difficult tasks. In easy tasks, face specificity relies on isolated cognitive sub-processes such as face identity recognition. In difficult tasks, face-specific and task-independent cognitive processes are employed. We propose a descriptive model and argue for FC to be integrated into common taxonomies of intelligence.
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Leduchowicz-Municio, Alba, Miguel Edgar Morales Udaeta, André Luiz Veiga Gimenes, Tuo Ji, and Victor Baiochi Riboldi. "Socio-Environmental Evaluation of MV Commercial Time-Shift Application Based on Battery Energy Storage Systems." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 5282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145282.
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The urgent need to curb climate change calls for an energy transition to cleaner, more resilient and sustainable solutions. Combined designs of energy storage systems and demand management strategies are becoming more frequent in the literature. However, are these solutions really sustainable from a multi-dimensional approach and in real-world applications? To answer this question, this work performs a local and scaled-up field-based evaluation of the social and environmental impacts of a pilot project in Brazil, which consists of replacing diesel generators with a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in a peak power plant of a Medium Voltage (MV) commercial load. For this, the combined RCPA-LCI method is applied, which allows characterizing both energy alternatives jointly considering the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) and the multi-dimensional evaluation perspective of the Resource Complete Potential Assessment (RCPA). Then, the scalability of this commercial solution at the national level is analyzed through two main lenses: GHG emissions reduction and job generation. The benefits are estimated at a potential 15.4 million tons of CO2 avoided and 113 new job opportunities per year. The results demonstrate the positive socio-environmental performance of BESS-based peak plants for MV commercial applications in Brazil.
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Tito, S. R., T. T. Lie, and T. N. Anderson. "Optimal sizing of a wind-photovoltaic-battery hybrid renewable energy system considering socio-demographic factors." Solar Energy 136 (October 2016): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2016.07.036.
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Jagdale, Sandeep. "Making College Campuses More Conducive For Girls: A Study in Preventive Mental Health." GIS Business 2, no. 2 (March 21, 2007): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v2i2.5131.
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The present study aimed at revealing prevalence of mental health issues and interrelated variables of mental health in general population, especially in girls. The sample of the study consisted sixty under-graduate and post-graduate college going girl students, in the age range of eighteen to twenty-three years from Solapur city (Maharashtra). The participants were administered the Mental Health Battery Scale. The results of percentages showed that more than two-fifth proportion of respondents has low mental health. Chisquare values revealed that the bio-socio-demographic variables of the respondent have no significant association with total score of Mental Health Battery. However, the study has made an attempt to explore mental health education components for changing academic milieu for girls to have better mental health. It also embraced life skill education at campus.
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Malik, Hinza B., Carlos Burneo-Garcés, Sofía López-Vallejo, Kayla Miller, and Antonio E. Puente. "A-236 The Role of Socio-Demographics on the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) Performance Using a Large Military Sample." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 37, no. 6 (August 17, 2022): 1392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acac060.236.
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Abstract Objective: The current study aims to assess the relationship among scores on the test of memory malingering (TOMM) and general demographics (age, education, ethnicity, and gender) as well as military-specific variables (Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB), number of deployments, and blasts) using a large military sample. Method: An archival dataset (https://osf.io/rv9cj/), representative of the military personnel according to the Marine Corps Demographics Update (2015) consisting of 875 participants between 18-62 years, predominately male and caucasian was analyzed. Participants were referred by their medical provider for psychological and/or neurological complaints and completed a neuropsychological evaluation comprised of a clinical interview and a neuropsychological blast battery consisting of demographics and 15 tests, including the TOMM. Pre-morbid information was gathered using the ASVAB which has the following subscales: armed forces qualification test, general technical, mechanical maintenance, clerical, and electronics. Results: A decrease in TOMM Trial 2 scores was significantly associated with an increase in age r(732) = -.09, p = .014, education r(717) = -.10, p = .008, mechanical maintenance, r(330) = .12, p =.04; clerical, r(313) = .11, p =.04; and electronics r(328) = .13, p =.02. TOMM Trail 2 scores were not significantly associated with other variables. Conclusions: The findings show a weak relationship between TOMM Trial 2 and age, education, and a few subscales of ASVAB. This suggests that both demographic and vocational abilities appear to be potential mediating variables in understanding the role of effort in interpreting neuropsychological performance.
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Honja Kabero, Tesfaye, Tafese Bosha, Fentaw Wassie Feleke, Demewoz Haile Weldegebreal, and Barbara Stoecker. "Nutritional Status and Its Association with Cognitive Function among School Aged Children at Soddo Town and Soddo Zuriya District, Southern Ethiopia: Institution Based Comparative Study." Global Pediatric Health 8 (January 2021): 2333794X2110281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x211028198.
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About 1 billion stunted school-aged children are growing up with impaired mental development which can lead to low cognitive performance, reduced school achievement, and low productivity. But there is scarce evidence on cognitive function, school performance and their associated factors among school aged children. The main aim of this study was to assess cognitive function, school performance and determine their association with nutritional status among school children aged 7 to 10 years at Soddo Town and Soddo Zuriya Woreda, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Institutional comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on a total sample of 178 primary school children. The Raven’s Color Progressive Matrices (RCPM) and selected tests from Kaufman assessment battery for children second edition were used. Mid-year average students’ examination result was also used. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 25, WHO Anthro plus, and independent sample t-test. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were also used. Mean (±SD) cognitive test scores of urban study participants was 18.7 ± 3.4 for RCPM which was higher ( P < .001) as compared to rural (16.5 ± 3.3). The urban mean cognitive test scores was also higher for both pattern reasoning and visual processing with ( P < .001) as compared to rural counterparts. School performance was higher ( P < .001) for urban. Maternal education ( P < .002) and wealth index ( P < .006) were positively predicted while stunting ( P < .001) negatively predicted cognitive function test scores and school performance. Cognitive function and school performance of study participants were associated with their nutritional status and rural participants had significantly lower mean scores as compared to urban counterparts. Further study should be done to community level.
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Kaur, Harpreet, and Dr Neena Rosey Kahlon. "Socio economic status and wife battering: A sociological study on married women in Amritsar district of Punjab." International Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 11 (November 1, 2017): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/allresearch.2017.v3.i11g.7094.
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Widiastuti, Nunik. "Aspirasi Karier Siswa SMA Berdasarkan Status Sosial Ekonomi dan Gender." Indonesian Journal of Educational Counseling 1, no. 2 (July 31, 2017): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30653/001.201712.9.
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Career Aspirations of SMA Students Based Socio-Economic Status and Gender. This research is a descriptive study about career aspirations aimed to describe the career aspirations of students by socio-economic status and gender in SMA Negeri 1 Batujajar. The method used the quantitative descriptive method. Respondents in this study are students of class X SMA Negeri 1 Batujajar that are at the stage of self-orientation. At this stage people start selecting, establishing and looking for alternatives on the planning himself and his work. Selection of the sample using purposive sampling techniques so that the respondents in this study were 234 students. In general, the career aspirations of students 10.3% were in the low category, which is the category of being as much as 63.2%, and 26.5 % At the high category. Based on the socio-economic status of education last seen parents are in the moderate category. Based on parent income in middle category. Meanwhile, based on the gender ratio of the career aspirations of learners battery and men do not have a difference, with a probability value of 0.53.
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Falk, Joern, Antonio Nedjalkov, Martin Angelmahr, and Wolfgang Schade. "Applying Lithium-Ion Second Life Batteries for Off-Grid Solar Powered System—A Socio-Economic Case Study for Rural Development." Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft 44, no. 1 (March 2020): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12398-020-00273-x.
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Martins, Ana Azevedo, Cristiano Mauro Assis Gomes, Ana Filipa Alves, and Leandro da Silva Almeida. "The Structure of Intelligence in Childhood: Age and Socio-Familiar Impact on Cognitive Differentiation." Psychological Reports 121, no. 1 (August 1, 2017): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294117723019.
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The Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory is the principal model at present to define and assess intelligence. However, several authors have suggested that the structure of intelligence is not stable throughout life. For example, children tend to present a general ability, which is invested in the development of specific and differentiated abilities during adolescence, reflecting the effect of schooling, experiences, and interests. In this study, an intelligence nine subtests battery was applied to a sample of 470 5-, 7-, and 9-year-old Portuguese children, from public and private basic schools. Two structure models have been tested, one assuming a global general factor loading by the nine subtests, and a second one formed by two factors integrating the verbal and non-verbal subtests. The results provide evidence of better fit of the second model where intelligence performance is organized in traditional verbal and non-verbal factors. This structure model is confirmed taking 5-, 7-, and 9-year-old children subgroups. A posterior path analysis verifies the impact of socio-familial variables in both factors. More than parents’ educational levels and professional status, the results suggest the sibship size appears as more relevant on explanation of children cognitive performance.
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Shafiyeva, Elnara. "The impact of mood on the motivational needs of women with somatic problems abstract." Scientific Bulletin 4 (2019): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54414/zmzn4528.
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This article discusses the impact of mood on the motivational need system of women with somatic problems. During an experimental psychological study, a battery of techniques was carried out. They were used to identify the relationship between the system of needs and motivation, including depression, interpersonal relationships and sexual satisfaction. In order to study this problem, a socio-demographic table was drawn up and a battery of techniques was conducted according to: Hierarchy of Needs Scale; the Situational Motivation Scale; Beck Depression İnventory; Body İmage Scale; Dyadic Adjustment Scale and Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual satisfaction. The study revealed that women with gynecological problems, depending on the severity of the disease, were decreasing both internal and external motivation; unmet needs. Gynecological diseases contribute to depression and affect interpersonal relationships and contribute to the occurrence of conflicts; resulting in negative perception of their bodies and dissatisfaction with their sex life.
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Prince, Chimonero. "Towards critical benchmarks for Return-To-Sport following injury rehabilitation at collegiate level in Teachers Colleges of Zimbabwe." EAST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 2, Issue 3 (September 30, 2021): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46606/eajess2021v02i03.0111.
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This study examined the critical benchmarks impacting on players’ return-to-sport following injury sustenance in selected Tertiary Institutions of Zimbabwe. The study was a descriptive, prospective cohort design anchored on quantitative approach. Its population was 453 with a sample of 228 participants that comprised coaches, fitness trainers, physiotherapists, psychologists, and handball players drawn from 10 selected Teachers Colleges in Zimbabwe. Male and female handball players were from original collegiate handball teams for the entire period of study. Questionnaires were used as data collection tools. All data were statistically performed using IBM SPSS Version 23 and presented on a multi-part graph and table. Emerging findings revealed absence of quality return-to-sport training modes for re-enacting players’ musculoskeletal deficits. Quality social support synergies for full resurgence of return-to-sport players’ physiological and socio-psychological tenets lacked among health service providers. The study recommends that co-opting multi-social-support synergies during rehabilitation and return-to-sport episodes could significantly address players’ socio-psychological and physiological tenets. Health service providers with amplified skill sets should fully re-orient athletes’ fractured return-to-sport hope pathways. Further appropriately designed, quality contemporary evidence-based multi-modal training batteries should resonate critical evaluative ‘viaducts’ and ‘mainstay’ of rehabilitation and return-to-sport transitions for enhancement of players’ socio-psychological and mitochondrial tenacity levels. Scientific monitoring approaches could further substantiate reduction of inherent injury tendencies through HIFT regimens.
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Prince, Chimonero. "Towards critical benchmarks for Return-To-Sport following injury rehabilitation at collegiate level in Teachers Colleges of Zimbabwe." EAST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 2, Issue 3 (September 30, 2021): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46606/eajess2021v02i03.0111.
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This study examined the critical benchmarks impacting on players’ return-to-sport following injury sustenance in selected Tertiary Institutions of Zimbabwe. The study was a descriptive, prospective cohort design anchored on quantitative approach. Its population was 453 with a sample of 228 participants that comprised coaches, fitness trainers, physiotherapists, psychologists, and handball players drawn from 10 selected Teachers Colleges in Zimbabwe. Male and female handball players were from original collegiate handball teams for the entire period of study. Questionnaires were used as data collection tools. All data were statistically performed using IBM SPSS Version 23 and presented on a multi-part graph and table. Emerging findings revealed absence of quality return-to-sport training modes for re-enacting players’ musculoskeletal deficits. Quality social support synergies for full resurgence of return-to-sport players’ physiological and socio-psychological tenets lacked among health service providers. The study recommends that co-opting multi-social-support synergies during rehabilitation and return-to-sport episodes could significantly address players’ socio-psychological and physiological tenets. Health service providers with amplified skill sets should fully re-orient athletes’ fractured return-to-sport hope pathways. Further appropriately designed, quality contemporary evidence-based multi-modal training batteries should resonate critical evaluative ‘viaducts’ and ‘mainstay’ of rehabilitation and return-to-sport transitions for enhancement of players’ socio-psychological and mitochondrial tenacity levels. Scientific monitoring approaches could further substantiate reduction of inherent injury tendencies through HIFT regimens.
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Locke, Ann, and Jane Ginsborg. "Spoken language in the early years: The cognitive and linguistic development of three- to five-year-old children from socio-economically deprived backgrounds." Educational and Child Psychology 20, no. 4 (2003): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2003.20.4.68.
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AbstractEvidence from the USA (Hart & Risley, 1995; Robertson, 1998) and the UK (Tunmer & Hoover, 1992; Burt, Holm & Dodd, 1999) suggests that socio-economically disadvantaged children are more likely than children of higher socio-economic status to have poor language skills and thus to be at risk of subsequent academic failure. The present study represents the baseline and first follow-up stages (funded by British Telecom) of a proposed longitudinal investigation of socioeconomically disadvantaged children entering nursery at the age of three until the age of seven, when they will have taken their Key Stage 1 SATs. Its purpose was to compare children’s spoken language in relation to their cognitive abilities, at the age of three and again at the age of five.Two-hundred-and-forty children were recruited from four nurseries in areas of socioeconomic deprivation. During their first term, two standardised batteries were administered: CELF-PUK, a measure of spoken language skills, and BAS II (Early Years), a measure of cognitive abilities. The two batteries were re-administered two years later. At baseline, 54 per cent of the children were found to be language-delayed. At follow-up this proportion had decreased very slightly to 48 per cent; however, the prevalence of severe language delay had increased almost threefold, from nine per cent to 26 per cent. Mean scores on the language measures at baseline were significantly depressed in comparison with those on the cognitive measures; the gap widened at follow-up since language scores remained stable while cognitive scores improved. Girls’ receptive language was better than boys’ at baseline and follow-up. A comparison of the progress made by the children scoring highest and lowest on the language measures at baseline showed that while the least language-competent girls improved, the least language-competent boys failed to do so, and the children who were most language-competent at baseline actually deteriorated.The children’s language delays were clearly not attributable to poor cognitive abilities. Rather, they were more likely to be the result of limited exposure to spoken language and opportunities for language use, perhaps initially at home, but also at nursery. We argue that the premature focus in the foundation years on literacy at the expense of oracy has a deleterious effect on the spoken language, and therefore the subsequent academic progress, of children who are far from ready to begin reading and writing.
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Beach, Scott R., Sara J. Czaja, Richard Schulz, David Loewenstein, and Peter Lichtenberg. "FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION OF OLDER ADULTS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE LONGITUDINAL STUDY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.691.
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Abstract This paper presents study design and preliminary results from a new study funded by the National Institute on Aging that is examining financial exploitation (FE) among 720 White, African-American and Hispanic adults age 60+ (240 per group; 120 age 60-79; 120 age 80+). A conceptual model linking socio-demographics, physical health, social support / integration, cognitive function, financial skills / supports, and psychosocial factors to FE is being evaluated. Three assessments (baseline, 12; 24 mos.) include: a detailed cognitive battery, web-based banking simulation tasks, scam scenarios, and a standardized battery of self-report measures assessing socio-demographic and psychosocial variables. Preliminary baseline results from ~200 participants show support for the proposed model. Exposure to sales, remote purchasing behavior, and telemarketer receptivity (scam exposure); and scam vulnerability as measured by credibility ratings of “legitimate” and “fake” scam scenarios are positively associated with reports of both stranger-initiated and trusted other FE. Older adults with smaller social networks and less social support were more likely to report both exposure and vulnerability to scams. Higher general cognitive abilities, financial skills, and numeracy; and better performance on online banking tasks correlate with less scam exposure and vulnerability. Preliminary analyses of psychosocial factors also show that more depressed, impulsive, and trusting older adults report more exposure and scam vulnerability. The paper will present updated analyses of ~500 baseline participants. Understanding multiple pathways to FE is important to advance theory and for the development of interventions to minimize risk.
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Adu, Kofi W., Paul Armstrong, Lucas Servera, David K. Essumang, and Samuel Y. Mensah. "Conversion of Agricultural Waste Streams into Value Added Products." MRS Advances 3, no. 36 (2018): 2137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.232.
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ABSTRACTMuch of the global agricultural by products go waste, especially in developing nations where much of their revenues depend on the exports of raw agricultural products. Such waste streams, if converted to “value added” products could serve as additional source of revenue while simultaneously having a positive impact on the socio-economic well being of the people. We present a preliminary investigation on utilizing chemical activation technique and ball milling to convert agricultural waste streams such as cocoa pod, coconut husk, palm midrib and calabash commonly found in Ghana into ultra-high surface area activated carbon. Such activated carbons are suitable for myriads of applications in environmental remediation, climate management, energy storage and conversion systems (batteries and supercapacitors), and improving crop productivity. We achieved BET surface area as high as ∼ 3000 m2/g.
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Kanlisi, Simon Kaba, and Abubakari Salahudeen Dumah. "Violence against women and socio-economic well-being in Jirapa, north-western Ghana." Journal of Planning and Land Management 2, no. 2 (February 2, 2023): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36005/jplm.v2i2.58.
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The incidence of gender-based violence against women has been on the rise globally. While a multitude of factors accounts for the problem generally, there are location-specific nuances. This paper investigated gender-based violence against women in the Jirapa area of north-western Ghana using a mixed method approach covering one hundred and forty sampled victims. Data were collected using in-depth interviews, semi-structured questionnaires, and key informant interviews. Among others, violence against women in the Jirapa area is increasing despite several policy interventions made. Alcohol abuse on the part of males, cultural practices including patriarchal inheritance, abduction of girls for marriage, wife battering, low educational attainment and poor access, ownership, and control over resources among women are the causes of gender-based violence in the area. The study revealed that gender-based violence has negatively impacted the socio-economic well-being of women in the Jirapa area and threw their futures into jeopardy. The findings also show that the violence meted out to women in the study area negatively affected their socioeconomic well-being. The study concludes that the incidences of violence against women in the area are deeply rooted in the culture of the people and are regarded as a norm. It is recommended that stakeholders (chiefs, NGOs, and the Local Government Authority) create better access to resources and stem the tide of gender-based violence in the area. Enforcement of the law must also be done by the Ghana Police Service devoid of fear of reprisals or fervour.
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Baccelloni, Angelo, Andrea Giambarresi, and Marco Francesco Mazzù. "Effects on Consumers’ Subjective Understanding and Liking of Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labels: A Study on Slovenian and Dutch Consumers." Foods 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 2958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10122958.
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In the context of the ongoing debate on front-of-pack labels (FOPL), extant research highlights a lack of clear indications on which label is most effective in increasing consumers’ knowledge of food nutritional quality, and in favoring informed food choices. In this study, we have compared the effects of two different labels, one nutrient-specific label (i.e., NutrInform Battery) and one summary label (i.e., Nutri-Score), in terms of consumers’ “subjective understanding” and “liking”. Our work advances prior research on FOPL performance by focusing on two different countries—which have different socio-political contexts and which, from previous studies, present limited evidence on the topic—Slovenia, currently utilizing the Protective Food logo, and the Netherlands, who has recently adopted the Nutri-Score. The study also confirms, in line with previous research, a higher effectiveness of the nutrient-specific label, NutrInform Battery, on all analyzed dimensions in tested countries, when compared to the summary label, Nutri-Score.
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Stanley, Ben. "Populism, nationalism, or national populism? An analysis of Slovak voting behaviour at the 2010 parliamentary election." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 44, no. 4 (November 12, 2011): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2011.10.005.
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This article explores the impact of populist attitudes on party preferences and voting behaviour at the 2010 Slovak election. Using an original battery of questions on populist attitudes developed by the author and attached to the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems post-election survey, the article addresses hypotheses about the impact of populist attitudes on preferences and choices alongside nationalist and economic attitudes and the socio-demographic ‘transition loser/winner’ divide. It finds that whilst nationalist and economic attitudes are significant predictors of preferences and choices, populist attitudes are much less influential than anticipated.
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Rose, Dawn, Alice Jones Bartoli, and Pamela Heaton. "Measuring the impact of musical learning on cognitive, behavioural and socio-emotional wellbeing development in children." Psychology of Music 47, no. 2 (December 13, 2017): 284–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735617744887.
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This study investigated the effects of musical instrument learning on the concomitant development of cognitive, behavioural and socio-emotional skills in 38 seven- to nine-year-old children. Pre- and post-test measures of intelligence, memory, socio-emotional behaviour, motor ability and visual-motor integration were compared in children who received either extra-curricular musical training (EMT: n = 19) or statutory school music group lessons (SSM: n = 19). Results showed a significant association between musical aptitude and intelligence overall. The EMT group showed a significant increase in IQ (7 points), in comparison to 4.3 points for the SSM group, suggesting an effect of musical learning on intelligence. No effects were found for memory, or for visual motor integration or socio-emotional behaviour. However, significant improvements in gross motor ability where revealed for the EMT group only, for the aiming and catching composite. With regard to the measure of fluid intelligence, these findings support previous studies. The novel use of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children provides evidence that musical learning may support development in a child’s ability to judge distance, consider velocity, focus and use their proprioceptive, interoceptive and exteroceptive nervous systems.
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Pevec, Dario, Jurica Babic, and Vedran Podobnik. "Electric Vehicles: A Data Science Perspective Review." Electronics 8, no. 10 (October 18, 2019): 1190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8101190.
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Current trends are showing that the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) has significantly increased over the last few years, causing changes not only in the transportation industry but generally in business and society. This paper covers one possible angle to the (r)evolution instigated by EVs, i.e., it provides the data science perspective review of the interdisciplinary area at the intersection of green transportation, energy informatics, and economics. Namely, the review summarizes data-driven research in EVs by identifying two main research streams: (i) socio–economic, and (ii) socio–technical. The socio–economic stream includes research in: (i) acceptance of green transportation in countries and among different populations, (ii) current trends in the EV market, and (iii) forecasting future sales for the green transportation. The socio–technical stream includes research in: (i) electric vehicle battery price and capacity and (ii) charging station management. This kind of study is especially important now when the question is no longer whether the transition from internal-combustion engine vehicles to clean-fuel vehicles is going to happen but how fast it will happen and what are going to be implications for society, governmental policies, and industry. Based on the presented literature review, the paper also outlines the most significant open questions and challenges that are yet to be solved: (i) scarcity of trustworthy (open) data, and (ii) designing a generalized methodology for charging station deployment.
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Stubbs, Thomas L., Michael J. Benton, Armin Elsler, and Albert Prieto-Márquez. "Morphological innovation and the evolution of hadrosaurid dinosaurs." Paleobiology 45, no. 02 (May 2019): 347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2019.9.
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AbstractThe hadrosaurids were a successful group of herbivorous dinosaurs. During the Late Cretaceous, 100 to 66 million years ago, hadrosaurids had high diversity, rapid speciation rates, and wide geographic distribution. Most hadrosaurids were large bodied and had similar postcranial skeletons. However, they show important innovations in the skull, including disparate crests that functioned as socio-sexual display structures, and a complex feeding apparatus, with specialized jaws bearing dental batteries. Little is known about the macroevolutionary processes that produced these evolutionary novelties. Here we provide novel perspectives using evolutionary rate and disparity analyses. Our results show that hadrosaurid cranial evolution was complex and dynamic, but their postcranial skeleton and body size were conservative. High cranial disparity was achieved through multiple bursts of phenotypic innovation. We highlight contrasting evolutionary trends within hadrosaurids between the disparate facial skeleton and crests, which both showed multiple high-rate shifts, and the feeding apparatus, which had low variance and high rates on a single phylogenetic branch leading to the diverse Saurolophidae. We reveal that rapid evolutionary rates were important for producing the high disparity of exaggerated crests and present novel evidence that the hadrosaurid diversification was linked to both a key adaptive innovation in the feeding apparatus and multiple bursts of innovation in socio-sexual displays.
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Marinus, Nastasia, Carlo Vigorito, Francesco Giallauria, Paul Dendale, Raf Meesen, Kevin Bokken, Laura Haenen, et al. "Frailty Test Battery Development including Physical, Socio-Psychological and Cognitive Domains for Cardiovascular Disease Patients: A Preliminary Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 1926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11071926.
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Frailty is an age-related decline in physical, socio-psychological and cognitive function that results in extreme vulnerability to stressors. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate which tests have to be selected to detect frailty in a comprehensive and feasible manner in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients based on multivariate regression and sensitivity/specificity analyses. Patients (n = 133, mean age 78 ± 7 years) hospitalised for coronary revascularisation or heart failure (HF) were examined using the Fried and Vigorito criteria, together with some additional measurements. Moreover, to examine the association of frailty with 6-month clinical outcomes, hospitalisations and mortality up to 6 months after the initial hospital admission were examined. Some level of frailty was detected in 44% of the patients according to the Vigorito criteria and in 65% of the patients according to the Fried criteria. Frailty could best be detected by a score based on: sex, Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Katz scale, timed up-and-go test (TUG), handgrip strength, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and total number of medications. Frailty and specific markers of frailty were significantly associated with mortality and six-month hospitalisations. We thus can conclude that, in patients with CVD, sex, MNA, Katz scale, TUG, handgrip strength, MMSE, GDS-15 and total number of medications play a key role in detecting frailty, assessed by a new time- and cost-efficient test battery.
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Chhagan, Usha, Vuyokazi Ntlantsana, Andrew Tomita, Thirusha Naidu, Bonginkosi Chiliza, and Saeeda Paruk. "Investigating the impact of HIV on patients with first episode psychosis: a study protocol for a longitudinal cohort study." BMJ Open 11, no. 5 (May 2021): e046593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046593.
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IntroductionSouth Africa (SA) has a high HIV prevalence and limited mental healthcare resources. Neuropsychiatric complications such as psychosis onset in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) remains poorly understood. The study aims to compare the socio-demographic, clinical, substance use, cognitive and trauma profile of PLWHIV presenting with first episode psychosis (FEP) to those with the condition but without HIV.Methods and analysisThis study will compare presentation, course, and outcome of a cohort of PLWHIV and FEP with a control group recruited over a 3-year period. We will prospectively test the hypothesis that the 2 groups are socio-demographically, clinically and cognitively distinct at illness presentation, with higher trauma burden and poorer outcomes in those with the dual burden of HIV and FEP. FEP participants, confirmed by a structured neuropsychiatric interview, will have their socio-demographic, psychosis, mood, motor, trauma and substance use variables assessed. A neuropsychological battery will be completed to assess cognition, while quality of life, psychotic symptoms and HIV markers will be measured at 3, 6 and 12 months.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been reviewed and ethics approval obtained from the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (BC 571/18) of the University of KwaZulu-Natal. The results from this investigation will be actively disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications and conference presentations.
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Koirala, Binod Prasad, Ellen van Oost, and Henny van der Windt. "Innovation Dynamics of Socio-Technical Alignment in Community Energy Storage: The Cases of DrTen and Ecovat." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 9, 2020): 2955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112955.
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With energy transition gaining momentum, energy storage technologies are increasingly spotlighted as they can effectively handle mismatches in supply and demand. The decreasing cost of distributed energy generation technologies and energy storage technologies as well as increasing demand for local flexibility is opening up new possibilities for the deployment of energy storage technologies in local energy communities. In this context, community energy storage has potential to better integrate energy supply and demand at the local level and can contribute towards accommodating the needs and expectations of citizens and local communities as well as future ecological needs. However, there are techno-economical and socio-institutional challenges of integrating energy storage technologies in the largely centralized present energy system, which demand socio-technical innovation. To gain insight into these challenges, this article studies the technical, demand and political articulations of new innovative local energy storage technologies based on an embedded case study approach. The innovation dynamics of two local energy storage innovations, the seasalt battery of DrTen® and the seasonal thermal storage Ecovat®, are analysed. We adopt a co-shaping perspective for understanding innovation dynamics as a result of the socio-institutional dynamics of alignment of various actors, their articulations and the evolving network interactions. Community energy storage necessitates thus not only technical innovation but, simultaneously, social innovation for its successful adoption. We will assess these dynamics also from the responsible innovation framework that articulates various forms of social, environmental and public values. The socio-technical alignment of various actors, human as well as material, is central in building new socio-technical configurations in which the new storage technology, the community and embedded values are being developed.
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Valadez, María de los Dolores, Julián Betancourt, Triana Aguirre, Elena Rodríguez-Naveiras, and África Borges. "Parental Evaluation of the Socio-Personal Adjustment of High Ability Students in a Cluster Grouping Program." Children 9, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9010044.
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High ability students have differential cognitive characteristics that require a specific educational response to develop their full potential. Cluster ability grouping is one of the available approaches to respond to their training. One of the main criticisms of this teaching method, also supported by the big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE), is that high ability students may show a decrease in their self-concept. The aim of this research is to present the evaluation carried out by parents of primary school high ability students on the effect of an educational cluster grouping program on their personal and social adjustment, comparing these variables before the beginning of the school year and at the end of it. Approximately 100 students’ parents of the Educational Centre for Highly Ability Pupils participated in the evaluation. The instrument used for the evaluation was the Socialization Battery (BAS-2) for parents. The results showed that parents observed some improvements, either due to an increase in the scales measuring positive socialization variables or a decrease in the scales measuring negative socialization variables. The most substantial improvements are found in the second and third grades. We conclude that the results do not support the big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE).
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Adjiba, Sourou T. Christian, Ygue Patrice Adegbola, and Jacob A. Yabi. "Genre, diffusion et adoption des technologies de gestion durable des terres dans les petites exploitations familiales des pays en voie de développement : une revue." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 5 (January 24, 2022): 2118–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i5.33.
Full textAbstract:
La gestion durable des terres (GDT) est devenue un moyen pour combattre l’insécurité alimentaire et fournir un revenu adéquat aux producteurs dans les Pays En Voie de Développement (PEVD) face à la baisse de la fertilité des sols. Cet article avait pour but de synthétiser 145 documents sélectionnés dans la base de données Scopus menés sur les technologies de GDT pour ressortir les facteurs clés qui motivent leur adoption et les approches de diffusion appréciées pour leur mise à l’échelle. Les déterminants ont été regroupés en 4 sous-groupes. Le premier groupe était constitué des facteurs psycho-sociodémographiques. Le deuxième groupe était constitué des facteurs économiques. Le troisième groupe était constitué des facteurs institutionnels et le quatrième niveau concernerait les facteurs biophysiques. Cette revue et synthèse attire l’attention sur le fait de rendre palpable la participation des producteurs en les plaçant au coeur du processus d’adoption. Améliorer les taux d’adoption faible constaté passe donc par une batterie de mesures de politiques agricoles dans ces PEVD. Il faudra proposer des technologies types adaptées aux profils des agriculteurs et à l’environnement de leurs parcelles tout en travaillant sur l’amélioration de leur condition économique en passant par la fourniture de services institutionnels adéquats. Une attention particulière doit être apportée à la gente féminine qui est souvent laissée pour compte.
Sustainable land management (SLM) has become a means to combat food insecurity and provide adequate income to smallholders in developing countries (DC). This article synthesizes 145 papers selected from the SCOPUS database conducted on SLM technologies to highlight the key factors that motivate their adoption and the dissemination approaches appreciated for their scaling up. The determinants were grouped into 4 subgroups. The first group is made up of psycho-socio-demographic factors. The second group is made up of economic factors. The third group consisted of institutional factors and the fourth level concerned biophysical factors. This review and synthesis draws attention to making the participation of smallholders tangible by placing them at the heart of the adoption process. Improving the observed low adoption rates therefore requires a battery of agricultural policy measures in these DC. It will be necessary to offer standard technologies adapted to the profiles of farmers and the environment of their plots while working on improving their economic condition through the provision of adequate institutional service. Particular attention must be paid to women who are often overlooked.
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Moeletsi, Mokhele Edmond. "Socio-Economic Barriers to Adoption of Electric Vehicles in South Africa: Case Study of the Gauteng Province." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 4 (September 27, 2021): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040167.
Full textAbstract:
Electric vehicles (EVs) were introduced into the South African market in 2013, and their adoption rate has been very low. There are limited existing studies covering consumer perceptions towards EVs in Africa and, thus, this study investigated possible socio-economic barriers present in the South African automotive market that impede the adoption or consumer purchase intention of EVs. The survey was conducted in the Gauteng Province in South Africa using questionnaires comprised of Likert-type questions. The analysis was conducted using statistical methods comprising mainly of frequency tables and Chi-squared tests on contingency tables. The findings of the study on barriers to adoption of EVs in the market highlighted the high purchase price, high battery price, and high likelihood for owning a secondary vehicle based on the current circumstances as the main purchase intention barriers that the respondents in the Gauteng Province accentuated. However, generally the willingness to buy EVs was high for a majority of the factors that were presented. With these perceived positive opinions from respondents, it is down to government and private companies to provide a conducive environment for the consumers.
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Jiménez Lira, Carolina, Elia Verónica Benavides Pando, Martha Ornelas Contreras, Judith Margarita Rodríguez-Villalobos, Susana Olga Lira Guerra, and Azaneth Laguna Celia. "Habilidades motrices y su relación con las actividades y creencias parentales en preescolares; comparaciones por nivel socio-económico." Sportis. Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education and Psychomotricity 6, no. 1 (December 11, 2019): 122–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2020.6.1.5388.
Full textAbstract:
El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar cómo se relacionan las habilidades motrices gruesas y finas en preescolares, la frecuencia de actividades motrices reportadas por los padres y las creencias sobre el desarrollo motor en diferente Nivel Socio-Económico (NSE). Participaron 75 padres de familia y sus respectivos hijos de NSE bajo y alto. La frecuencia con que realizan actividades motrices con sus hijos y sus creencias sobre el desarrollo motor se registraron por medio de un cuestionario; las habilidades motrices se evaluaron con las sub-escales de motricidad fina y gruesa del Inventario de Desarrollo Battelle (BDI-2). En los resultados los padres afirmaron otorgar mayor importancia al desarrollo de la motricidad fina que al desarrollo de la motricidad gruesa. Los niños de NSE bajo obtuvieron una puntuación más alta en motricidad gruesa que sus pares de NSE alto, sin embargo no se encontraron diferencias entre las puntuaciones de motricidad fina entre ambos grupos. Concluimos que el desarrollo de las habilidades motrices en preescolar no parece estar asociado a las creencias de los padres ni a la frecuencia con que suelen realizar actividades motrices con sus hijos; sin embargo existen diferencias por NSE en el desempeño de los menores.
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Abramovitz, Itzhak, Avraham Zini, Matan Atzmoni, Ron Kedem, Dorit Zur, Noam E. Protter, and Galit Almoznino. "Cognitive Performance and Its Associations with Dental Caries: Results from the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) Records-Based Nationwide Study." Biology 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10030178.
Full textAbstract:
Relatively few studies have analyzed the association between cognitive performance and dental status. This study aimed to analyze the association between cognitive performance and dental caries. Included were data from the dental, oral, medical epidemiological (DOME) study; cross-sectional records-based research, which integrated large socio-demographic, medical, and dental databases of a nationally representative sample of young to middle-aged military personnel (N = 131,927, mean age: 21.8 ± 5.9 years, age range: 18–50). The cognitive function of draftees is routinely measured at age 17 years using a battery of psychometric tests termed general intelligence score (GIS). The mean number of decayed teeth exhibited a gradient trend from the lowest (3.14 ± 3.58) to the highest GIS category (1.45 ± 2.19) (odds ratio (OR) lowest versus highest = 5.36 (5.06–5.68), p < 0.001). A similar trend was noted for the other dental parameters. The associations between GIS and decayed teeth persisted even after adjusting for socio-demographic parameters and health-related habits. The adjustments attenuated the OR but did not eliminate it (OR lowest versus highest = 3.75 (3.38–4.16)). The study demonstrates an association between cognitive performance and caries, independent of the socio-demographic and health-related habits that were analyzed. Better allocation of resources is recommended, focusing on populations with impaired cognitive performance in need of dental care.
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Belvinel, Epeni-Tombo Genial, Guillermo Antonio Loor, Julio Cesar Hernandez Chilan, and Maria Rodriguez Gamez. "Photovoltaic system implementation in baltra and puerto ayora islands." International journal of life sciences 2, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijls.v2n3.200.
Full textAbstract:
In the research, an analysis of the impact of the photovoltaic systems installed in two islands of the Galápagos archipelago is made. In this sense, a series of calculations has been used to find the significant values that have allowed us to choose the specific devices for this project. A modeling study was analyzed to quantify the total energy of the system, the number of possible modules to be installed, the amount of energy to be stored according to the type of batteries and the ampere-hour (Ah) that the regulation set must support of the electric current. The socio-economic and environmental impact of the system on Baltra Island was assessed with an example and estimations to make it explicit, the results of the surveys used are shown through which the most significant results were exposed, exposing that the photovoltaic systems in stage of implantation do not affect the environment, flora and fauna, its greatest impact is in the use of land.