Academic literature on the topic 'Batterie al sodio'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Batterie al sodio.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Batterie al sodio"
1
Kirkels, Arjan F., Jeroen Bleker, and Henny A. Romijn. "Ready for the Road? A Socio-Technical Investigation of Fire Safety Improvement Options for Lithium-Ion Traction Batteries." Energies 15, no. 9 (May 2, 2022): 3323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093323.
Full textAbstract:
Battery technology is crucial in the transition towards electric mobility. Lithium-ion batteries are conquering the market but are facing fire safety risks that might threaten further applications. In this study, we address the problem and potential solutions for traction batteries in the European Union area. We do so by taking a unique socio-technical system perspective. Therefore, a novel, mixed-method approach is applied, combining literature review; stakeholder interviews; Failure Mode, Mechanisms, and Event Analysis (FMMEA); and rapid prototyping. Our findings confirm that fire safety is an upcoming concern. Still, most stakeholders lack a full understanding of the problem. Improving safety is a shared responsibility among supply chain and societal stakeholders. For automotive applications, voluntary standard-setting on safety risks is an appropriate tool to improve fire safety, whereas for niche applications, a top-down approach setting regulations seems more suited. For both groups, the adaptation of battery pack designs to prevent thermal runaway propagation is shown to be promising from a technological, practical, and organizational perspective. The chosen mixed-method approach allowed for a holistic analysis of the problems and potential solutions. As such, it can serve as an empowerment strategy for stakeholders in the field, stimulating further discussion, agenda building, and action.
2
Tabuyo-Martínez, Marina, Bernd Wicklein, and Pilar Aranda. "Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 12 (September 9, 2021): 995–1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.12.75.
Full textAbstract:
Rechargeable batteries are a major element in the transition to renewable energie systems, but the current lithium-ion battery technology may face limitations in the future concerning the availability of raw materials and socio-economic insecurities. Sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries are a promising alternative energy storage device for small- to large-scale applications driven by more favorable environmental and economic perspectives. However, scientific and technological problems are still hindering a commercial breakthrough of these batteries. This review discusses strategies to remedy some of the current drawbacks such as the polysulfide shuttle effect, catastrophic volume expansion, Na dendrite growth, and slow reaction kinetics by nanostructuring both the sulfur cathode and the Na anode. Moreover, a survey of recent patents on room temperature (RT) Na–S batteries revealed that nanostructured sulfur and sodium electrodes are still in the minority, which suggests that much investigation and innovation is needed until RT Na–S batteries can be commercialized.
3
Penisa, Xaviery N., Michael T. Castro, Jethro Daniel A. Pascasio, Eugene A. Esparcia, Oliver Schmidt, and Joey D. Ocon. "Projecting the Price of Lithium-Ion NMC Battery Packs Using a Multifactor Learning Curve Model." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 11, 2020): 5276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205276.
Full textAbstract:
Renewable energy (RE) utilization is expected to increase in the coming years due to its decreasing costs and the mounting socio-political pressure to decarbonize the world’s energy systems. On the other hand, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are on track to hit the target 100 USD/kWh price in the next decade due to economy of scale and manufacturing process improvements, evident in the rise in Li-ion gigafactories. The forecast of RE and Li-ion technology costs is important for planning RE integration into existing energy systems. Previous cost predictions on Li-ion batteries were conducted using conventional learning curve models based on a single factor, such as either installed capacity or innovation activity. A two-stage learning curve model was recently investigated wherein mineral costs were taken as a factor for material cost to set the floor price, and material cost was a major factor for the battery pack price. However, these models resulted in the overestimation of future prices. In this work, the future prices of Li-ion nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) battery packs - a battery chemistry of choice in the electric vehicle and stationary grid storage markets - were projected up to year 2025 using multi-factor learning curve models. Among the generated models, the two-factor learning curve model has the most realistic and statistically sound results having learning rates of 21.18% for battery demand and 3.0% for innovation. By year 2024, the projected price would fall below the 100 USD/kWh industry benchmark battery pack price, consistent with most market research predictions. Techno-economic case studies on the microgrid applications of the forecasted prices of Li-ion NMC batteries were conducted. Results showed that the decrease in future prices of Li-ion NMC batteries would make 2020 and 2023 the best years to start investing in an optimum (solar photovoltaic + wind + diesel generator + Li-ion NMC) and 100% RE (solar photovoltaic + wind + Li-ion NMC) off-grid energy system, respectively. A hybrid grid-tied (solar photovoltaic + grid + Li-ion NMC) configuration is the best grid-tied energy system under the current net metering policy, with 2020 being the best year to deploy the investment.
4
Janovec, Michal, Jozef Čerňan, Filip Škultéty, and Andrej Novák. "Design of Batteries for a Hybrid Propulsion System of a Training Aircraft." Energies 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010049.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, we propose the parameters of a battery that would be suitable for the conceptual design of a small training aircraft. The mass design of the battery is based on the requirements for real training flights performed by students in pilot training. Such a serial hybrid propulsion aircraft could be used in our UNIZA aviation, training and education center for pilot training. Due to socio-political pressures in reducing emissions generated by vehicles, there has also been massive research in the aviation industry in the field of hybrid and electric aircraft propulsion. In the introduction, the article deals with the energy sources used in aircraft propulsion. In hybrid propulsion, a combination of aviation fuel and electricity is used as the energy source. The required total energy must choose a suitable combination of these two energy sources. The biggest drawback of batteries that can be used in hybrid systems is their low energy density. Low energy density means that larger and heavier batteries need to be used to achieve the required performance, which is their main disadvantage. Therefore, it is necessary to find a suitable compromise between the hybrid’s percentage, i.e., the ratio between conventional and electric drive. We applied the hybrid aircraft system’s calculations to the real training flights to determine the necessary parameters of the hybrid aircraft suitable for pilot training. This calculation will help in obtaining an idea of the basic parameters of the hybrid drive and the battery parameters, which are necessary for particular applications in the training aircraft. The performed calculations of the hybrid configuration and, especially, the determination of the battery of the hybrid propulsion parameters provide the basic information necessary for the design of the hybrid system of a small training aircraft. These outputs can be used to determine the parameters of batteries that would be used in hybrid systems. A limiting factor to consider with hybrid aircrafts is that the aircraft must be charged on the ground before the flight, which poses interesting logistical and infrastructure problems at the airport.
5
Biemolt, Jasper, Peter Jungbacker, Tess van Teijlingen, Ning Yan, and Gadi Rothenberg. "Beyond Lithium-Based Batteries." Materials 13, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020425.
Full textAbstract:
We discuss the latest developments in alternative battery systems based on sodium, magnesium, zinc and aluminum. In each case, we categorize the individual metals by the overarching cathode material type, focusing on the energy storage mechanism. Specifically, sodium-ion batteries are the closest in technology and chemistry to today’s lithium-ion batteries. This lowers the technology transition barrier in the short term, but their low specific capacity creates a long-term problem. The lower reactivity of magnesium makes pure Mg metal anodes much safer than alkali ones. However, these are still reactive enough to be deactivated over time. Alloying magnesium with different metals can solve this problem. Combining this with different cathodes gives good specific capacities, but with a lower voltage (<1.3 V, compared with 3.8 V for Li-ion batteries). Zinc has the lowest theoretical specific capacity, but zinc metal anodes are so stable that they can be used without alterations. This results in comparable capacities to the other materials and can be immediately used in systems where weight is not a problem. Theoretically, aluminum is the most promising alternative, with its high specific capacity thanks to its three-electron redox reaction. However, the trade-off between stability and specific capacity is a problem. After analyzing each option separately, we compare them all via a political, economic, socio-cultural and technological (PEST) analysis. The review concludes with recommendations for future applications in the mobile and stationary power sectors.
6
Coimbra Vieira, Leonardo Henrique, Rafael Gundim Silva, Bruno Oliveira da Silva, Sérgio De Souza Henrique Júnior, Sílvio Carrielo Câmara, and Júlio Carlos Afonso. "AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE PILHAS ALCALINAS E ZINCO-CARBONO DE DIFERENTES PROCEDÊNCIAS." Eclética Química Journal 38, no. 1 (October 25, 2017): 09. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v38.1.2013.p09-24.
Full textAbstract:
This work presents a study on the chemical composition of spent batteries manufactured in Brazil and Asian countries. The goal was to compare the quality of these products. Samples were disassembled prior to chemical characterization. The Asian batteries presented much more elements, including higher amounts of iron, mercury, cadmium and lead, and lower amounts of manganese and zinc than Brazilian batteries. Therefore, they present a higher environmental hazard. Also, their performance in several electroelectronic devices was much poorer than the Brazilian samples. Socio-economical aspects explain the considerable market for Asian batteries in Brazil.
7
Miller, Susan L. "Unintended Side Effects of Pro-Arrest Policies and Their Race and Class Implications for Battered Women: A Cautionary Note." Criminal Justice Policy Review 3, no. 3 (October 1989): 299–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088740348900300305.
Full textAbstract:
Increasingly, arrest appears to be the disposition of choice for combatting violence between intimate partners. However, the ramifications of such policies may differentially impact on female victims, particularly those battered women with fewer resources and alternatives who have traditionally placed a greater reliance on police intervention. The residual effects of pro-arrest policies may operate subtly, becoming indiscernible through quantitative analyses of follow-up data and emerging only when qualitative methodologies are employed in conjunction with quantitative methodologies. Although pro-arrest policies are one way to attack the problem of woman battering, the policies become problematic if they disproportionately affect women from minority and lower socio-economic groups, facilitating negative consequences, including possible reoccurrences of violence. This paper raises some of the pertinent issues involved when research fails to capture or address the potential implications of pro-arrest strategies once implemented, and suggests ways to explore the extent and ramifications of these effects.
8
Atha, R. A. Atha Nabilla Rahmi, and Mochamad Tutuk Safirin. "PERANCANGAN PRODUK CONVERTIBLE BAG DENGAN PANEL SURYA YANG ERGONOMIS MENGGUNAKAN METODE QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT (QFD)." J-ENSITEC 9, no. 01 (December 5, 2022): 708–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31949/jensitec.v9i01.2734.
Full textAbstract:
Technological advances in the field of Transportation, a socio-cultural truth that occurs in the community, that today the internet greatly affects citizens in undergoing activities in the community. The number of users of smart phones or smartphones, both on android and iOS systems makes people dependent on smartphones and the internet. Online motorcycle taxi drivers are required to have a mobile phone that can function properly and can be used throughout the day or during his work. This requires online motorcycle taxi drivers to bring their mobile phone cables and Chargers in order to continue receiving orders. Based on the above, there is an opportunity to make a convertible bag equipped with solar panels using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. This study uses experimental methods. This study found that the final specifications of the bag are cheap, there are charging features, easy to store, convenient to use, have a large enough size, have good quality, and design that consumers want. Solar panels can charge a battery of 5,600 mah for one hour in bright sunlight conditions, with this figure can charge mobile phone batteries in general from 0% -100% less than 1 hour
9
Buttner-Kunert, J. "Wie wirken sich Beeinträchtigungen der sozialen Kognition auf die narrative Diskursproduktion von Menschen mit Schädel-Hirn-Trauma aus?" Neurologie & Rehabilitation 28, no. 02 (May 2022): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14624/nr2202008.
Full textAbstract:
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Die Folgen eines Schädel-Hirn-Traumas (SHT) sind vielfältig und können auch kognitive und kommunikative Fähigkeiten beeinträchtigen. Der Einfluss der sozialen Kognition auf diskursive Fähigkeiten wird derzeit kontrovers diskutiert. Methode: Personen mit SHT (PmSHT) wurden im Rahmen einer größeren prospektiven Kohortenstudie rekrutiert. Die Forschungsfragen waren: – Unterscheiden sich PmSHT von neurologischen Gesunden bezüglich der narrativen Fähigkeiten? – Liegen bei PmSHT Störungen der sozialen Kognition vor? – Gibt es einen Zusammenhang zwischen verminderten sozio-kognitiven Fähigkeiten und der narrativen Diskursproduktion? Zur Untersuchung der basalen sozialen Kognition wurde der Untertest Affektdiskriminierung der Tübinger Affekt Batterie eingesetzt. Für die Erhebung der Theory of Mind wurde der Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) verwendet. Für die narrative Diskursproduktion wurde der Untertest »Textproduktion« aus dem MAKRO-Screening durchgeführt. Das allgemeine kognitive Leistungsniveau wurde mit dem MoCA erfasst. Ergebnisse: Bislang wurden 44 Datensätze von 22 PmSHT (4 w/18 m, 38,5 Jahre [SD = 7,9]) und 22 gematchten Kontrollen ausgewertet. PmSHT zeigten in allen durchgeführten Tests außer dem Test zur Affektdiskriminierung schlechtere Ergebnisse als die KG. Für die PmSHT zeigten sich signifikante mittelgradige Korrelationen zwischen dem RMET und dem Untertest Narrative Textproduktion. Diskussion: Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass PmSHT Defizite in der ToM aufweisen können und dass sich diese Beeinträchtigungen negativ auf die narrativen Fähigkeiten auswirken. Die interdisziplinäre Diagnostik von Diskursstörungen ist für die Rehabilitation von Menschen mit SHT von hoher Relevanz, da Beeinträchtigung sozio-kommunikativer Fähigkeiten zu dauerhaften Einschränkungen in der Partizipation von Menschen mit SHT führen können. Schlüsselwörter: Schädel-Hirn-Trauma, Erzählfähigkeit, Kommunikation, soziale Kognition, MAKRO Screening Abstract Background: The consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are manifold and may also affect cognitive and communicative abilities. The influence of social cognition on discourse abilities is currently controversial. Methods: Individuals with TBI were recruited as part of a larger prospective cohort study. The research questions were: – Do people with TBI differ from neurologically healthy individuals with respect to narrative skills? – Do people with TBI display social cognition disorders? – Is there a relationship between diminished socio-cognitive abilities and narrative discourse production? The affect discrimination subtest of the Tübingen Affect Battery was used to examine basal social cognition. For eliciting Theory of Mind (ToM), the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) was used. For narrative discourse production, the Narrative Text Production subtest from the MAKRO screening was administered. General cognitive performance level was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Results: To date, 44 datasets from 22 people with TBI (4 w/18 m, 38.5 years [SD = 7.9]) and 22 matched controls have been analyzed. People with TBI showed worse results than the control group in all the tests performed, with the exception of the affect discrimination test. For people with TBI, significant moderate-level correlations were found between the RMET and the Narrative Text Production subtest. Discussion: The results suggest that people with TBI may show deficits in ToM and that these impairments negatively affect narrative skills. The interdisciplinary diagnosis of discourse disorders is highly relevant for the rehabilitation of people with TBI, as impaired socio-communicative skills can lead to permanent limitations on participation of people with TBI. Keywords: traumatic brain injury, narrative skills, communication, social cognition, MAKRO screening
10
Gardner, Robert C. "The socio-educational model of Second Language Acquisition." EUROSLA Yearbook 6 (July 20, 2006): 237–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eurosla.6.14gar.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper I discuss our socio-educational model of second language acquisition and demonstrate how it provides a fundamental research paradigm to investigate the role of attitudes and motivation in learning another language. This is a general theoretical model designed explicitly for the language learning situation, and is applicable to both foreign and second language learning contexts. It has three important features. First, it satisfies the scientific requirement of parsimony in that it involves a limited number of operationally defined constructs. Second, it has associated with it the Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) that yields reliable assessments of its major constructs, permitting empirical tests of the model. Third, it is concerned with the motivation to learn and become fluent in another language, and not simply with task and/or classroom motivation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Batterie al sodio"
1
GENTILE, ANTONIO. "MXene-based materials for alkaline-ion batteries: synthesis, properties, applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/382748.
Full textAbstract:
La produzione sempre maggiore di dispositivi portatili e auto elettriche chiede al mercato di produrre dispositivi efficienti in grado di poter accumulare l’energia elettrica. Per questo tipo di tecnologie in cui la miniaturizzazione del dispositivo è essenziale, le batterie litio ione (LIBs) sono diventate il mezzo di accumulare energia. La ricerca su queste batterie è focalizzata ad ottenere dispositivi sempre più performanti con materiali elettrodici ad alte capacità gravimetriche e volumetriche. Accanto all’aspetto tecnologico, legato alla ottimizzazione dei materiali, vi è anche quello dell’approvvigionamento dei componenti attivi della batteria, tra tutti il litio.
La problematica attualmente è affrontata studiando batterie con altri metalli alcalini (Na e K). Di questi dispositivi non esistono però materiali già standardizzati malgrado la ricerca, specialmente sulle batterie sodio ione (SIB), sia partita solo qualche anno più tardi rispetto quella delle LIB; per cui queste tecnologie oggi sono destinate ad affiancare quelle delle LIB per sopperire all’enorme richiesta di mercato di batterie per i veicoli del futuro.
L’obbiettivo del presente lavoro è stato quello di sviluppare materiali anodici a base di MXene per ottenere efficienti anodi per batterie sodio e litio ione. I MXenes sono una famiglia di carburi di metalli di transizione con una struttura 2D che sembrerebbe promettente per l’intercalazione di diversi ioni grazie ad una grande flessibilità ed adattabilità strutturale nei confronti del tipo di ione intercalante. L’intercalazione degli ioni avviene con un meccanismo pseudocapacitivo per cui i materiali hanno capacità limitate, ma hanno grande stabilità elettrochimica su migliaia di cicli ed efficienze coulombiche prossime al 100%.
La produzione di questo materiale avviene per etching in HF di un precursore chiamato MAX phase. Questo è il metodo più facile e veloce per ottenere il materiale in scala di laboratorio ma presenta numerose criticità quando i volumi vengono rapportati su scala industriale. Una gran parte del lavoro è stata dedicata allo studio della tecnica sintetica per ottenere MXenes per SIB riducendo o sostituendo HF nella sintesi chimica. I materiali sono stati caratterizzati con varie tecniche di caratterizzazioni strutturali, morfologiche ed elettrochimiche.
Data la struttura 2D, che ricorda quella del grafene, un uso frequente in letteratura è quello della realizzazioni di nanocompositi per SIB e LIB, al fine di produrre materiali ad alta capacità, come richiesto nel mercato delle batterie. Sono stati quindi ottenuti dei nanocompositi a base di antimonio-MXene e ossido di stagno-MXene testati rispettivamente in SIB e LIB. Antimonio e ossido di stagno sono due materiale dalla elevata capacità teorica, quando usati come anodi in batterie, ma allo stesso tempo sono estremamente fragili e tendono a polverizzarsi nei processi di carica e scarica. Il MXene è servito da buffer per limitare o evitare la frattura e distacco delle leghe dalla superficie elettrodicaThe ever-increasing production of portable devices and electric cars asks to the market to produce efficient devices that can store electrical energy. For these types of technologies, where device miniaturization is essential, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become leaders as energy storage systems. The research on the lithium-ion batteries is focused to obtain more performing devices with high gravimetric and volumetric capacities of the electrode materials. In addition to the technological aspect, related to the optimization of materials, there is the supply chain of active components of the battery to consider, starting from lithium. At the moment, the problem is tackled by studying batteries with other alkaline metal ions, i.e. Na+ and K+. However, there are no standardized active materials for these devices, especially on sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), started only a few years later than that of LIBs; therefore, today these technologies are intended to support the LIBs in order to satisfy the enormous market demand of the batteries for the future vehicles. The goal of this work was to develop MXene-based anode materials to obtain efficient anodes for sodium and lithium-ion batteries. MXenes are a family of inorganic transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides with a 2D structure that would seem promising for the intercalation of different ions due to a great flexibility and adaptability towards several intercalating ions. The ion intercalations occur by a pseudocapacitive mechanism whereby the materials have limited capacity, but they have great electrochemical stability over thousands of cycles and coulombic efficiencies near to 100%. The production of this material was done by HF etching of a precursor called MAX phase. This is the easiest and fastest method to obtain the material in laboratory scale, but it has many criticalities when the process has to be scale-up to industrial scale. A large part of this work was spent studying the synthetic technique to obtain MXenes for SIB by reducing or replacing HF in the chemical synthesis. The materials have been characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffractometry, electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, etc., and by electrochemical tests, such as cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling. Thanks to the 2D structure, a common use of MXene in the literature is in nanocomposite syntheses for SIBs and LIBs, in order to produce high-capacity materials, as required in the battery market. Therefore, two nanocomposites based on antimony-MXene and tin oxide-MXene tested for SIB and for LIB respectively, were synthesized. Antimony and tin oxide are two materials with high theoretical capacity when used as anodes in batteries, but at the same time, they are extremely fragile and tend to pulverize during charging and discharging processes. MXene is used as a buffer to limit or prevent cracking and separation of alloys from the electrode surface.
2
Farina, Luca. "Sodium Ion battery for energy intensive application." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
In questa tesi viene proposto uno studio sulle batterie agli ioni sodio e lo sviluppo di un innovativo metodo di studio che sfrutta il microscopio a scansione elettronica (SEM). Le batterie ioni sodio (SIB) sono una tecnologia innovativa che ha interessato gli studiosi soprattutto negli ultimi anni, in virtù della loro competitività rispetto alle più diffuse batterie agli ioni litio (LIB). Infatti, rispetto a queste ultime, caratterizzate dalla presenza di metalli rari e costosi e dal cobalto, un metallo altamente inquinante, le SIB sono costituite da sodio, tra i metalli più abbondanti sulla crosta terrestre, e soprattutto non necessitano di cobalto, risultando così molto più economiche.
In questa tesi si proporrà lo studio di un substrato per lo sviluppo delle batterie anode-free. Negli ultimi studi sta prendendo piede l’idea di realizzare una batteria senza anodo in quanto risulta complesso un materiale con caratteristiche di intercalazione buone per questo elettrodo.
Si procede poi a riportare la caratterizzazione del substrato in analisi. In particolare viene presentato un innovativo porta campioni per lo studio con SEM, completamente progettato e realizzato appositamente per il presente studio. Si tratta di un sistema air-tight che protegge il campione dall’ossidazione. La caratterizzazione d’immagine con il SEM risulta particolarmente utile in quanto permette di capire come procede la deposizione del sodio sul substrato studiato. Vengono infine presentati i risultati della caratterizzazione del substrato considerato.
L’intera tesi è stata portata avanti all’interno dell’Energy Storage Group del College of Engineering, presso Swansea University, Swansea (UK).
3
Dambone, Sessa Sebastian. "Analisi dell'accumulo elettrochimico ad alta temperatura per l'integrazione delle fonti rinnovabili nella rete di trasmissione nazionale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422777.
Full textAbstract:
This PhD thesis analyses the compatibility of large scale installations of the Na-beta technology for electrochemical stationary storage of electrical energy in the high voltage network, in order to support the electrical system in the management of the renewable energy sources. The reliability, the safety and the environmental compatibility of the two Na-beta batteries, i.e. the sodium-nickel chloride and the sodium-sulphur ones, were deeply analysed by means of detailed risk analysis. Moreover, an innovative modelling approach based on matrixes is presented for sodium-nickel chloride technology, which could be easily extended to the sodium-sulphur batteries, considering the similarities of these two technologies. Furthermore the presented modelling approach was validated by comparing the electrical model results with experimental measurements carried out in collaboration with Terna (the Italian Transmission System Operator) in the ENEA laboratories in Rome. A 7.8 kW module was tested and the agreement between measurements and the model results was very good.In questa tesi viene analizzata la compatibilità della tecnologia di accumulo elettrochimico stazionario dell'energia elettrica nota come Na-beta per installazioni su larga scala sulla rete elettrica di trasmissione allo scopo di supportare il sistema elettrico nella gestione delle problematiche relative alla sempre maggiore penetrazione di fonti di energia rinnovabile sulla rete. Dettagliate analisi di rischio sono state condotte in collaborazione con le aziende produttrici sulle due tipologie di batterie Na-beta, ovvero quella sodio-cloruro di nichel e quella sodio-zolfo per valutare l'affidabilità nell'esercizio, la sicurezza per le persone e la compatibilità ambientale. Viene inoltre presentato un approccio di modellizzazione matriciale innovativo per la tecnologia sodio-cloruro di nichel, facilmente estendibile alle batterie sodio-zolfo date le caratteristiche molto simili delle due tecnologie. Il modello realizzato, di tipo elettrico, è stato validato mediante confronto dei risultati con misure sperimentali effettuate in collaborazione con Terna nei laboratori ENEA di Roma su di un modulo da 7,8 kW, dando un'ottima concordanza sia in regime permanente che transitorio.
4
Francisconi, Mattia. "Analisi di sistemi di accumulo per impianti fotovoltaici domestici." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23798/.
Full textAbstract:
La necessità di produrre energia attraverso fonti rinnovabili è sempre più incombente. Vista la loro incostanza, è inevitabile l'utilizzo di accumulatori al fine di immagazzinare l'energia in eccesso nelle fasi di produzione. In questo lavoro si sono analizzate due tecnologie di batterie adibite allo stoccaggio di energia elettrica prodotta da impianti fotovoltaici domestici. In particolare, si è eseguito un confronto su prestazioni e impatto ambientali di batterie agli ioni di litio e batterie sodio-nichel-cloruro (ZEBRA). Tale confronto nasce dalle problematiche legate all'estrazione e al riciclaggio del litio che, proprio a causa di queste ragioni, è entrato nella lista delle materie prime critiche della Commissione Europea 2020. Al fine di evidenziare le differenze tra le due tecnologie sono stati analizzati due casi studio. Partendo da essi, infine, si è cercato analizzare la possibilità di sostituzione di un sistema di accumulo agli ioni di litio con uno al sodio-nichel-cloruro.
5
Nasti, Annamaria Assunta. "Ruolo dello scambiatore sodio-calcio 1 nell'ipertrofia cardiaca indotta da batteri." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242024.
Full textAbstract:
L ipertrofia cardiaca (CH) in condizioni patologiche e un processo mal adattativo in risposta ad un
aumentato stress biomeccanico e accompagna varie forme di malattie cardiache. I meccanismi alla
base di questo processo patologico (argomento di studio di numerose ricerche) coinvolgono spesso
perturbazioni funzionali nell omeostasi del [Ca2+]i. Uno dei principali regolatori del [Ca2+]i nel
cuore e il trasportatore sodio/calcio 1 (NCX1). Le infezioni batteriche possono causare CH,
alterando direttamente o indirettamente l omeostasi del [Ca2+]i. In questo studio abbiamo
investigato l ipotesi che NCX1 sia determinante per l induzione e progressione dei danni cardiaci
da infezioni batteriche. Risultati ottenuti nel nostro laboratorio hanno dimostrato che l LPS, la
principale tossina dei Gram-negativi, induce CH che e contrastata da ciclosporina nei modelli dei
cuori perfusi ex vivo, in cardiomiociti primari e in linee cellulari cardiache. In tutti i sistemi
analizzati, abbiamo trovato alterazioni significative a carico di NCX1 dopo esposizione a 1 g/ml
LPS per 3 e 24 h. In particolare, l LPS aumenta l espressione di NCX1 (mRNA e proteina) senza
alterarne la distribuzione cellurare. L aumento della proteina NCX1 e stato osservato anche in
miociti in cui l espressione dello scambiatore non era regolata dall attivita del promotore
endogeno. In aggiunta, cellule esprimenti NCX1 hanno sviluppato difetti nel controllo del calcio
intracellulare dopo esposizione a LPS, dato che l ingresso di calcio nella cellula via il reverse
mode di NCX1 era significativamente elevato nelle cellule stressate. Abbiamo trovato anche che
NCX1 e critico per la risposta ipertrofica da LPS, la quale era completamente bloccata
dall inibitore specifico di NCX1 SN6. Infine, in miociti privi di NCX1 la risposta ipertrofica
all LPS era significativamente attenuata. Questi dati suggeriscono che NCX1 sia un nuovo
bersaglio farmacologico da considerare per la prevenzione del danno cardiaco da batteri.Pathological cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is a maladaptive response to an increased biomechanical stress and accompanies many forms of heart disease. The mechanisms underlying the maladaptive features of the hypertrophic response are under intense investigation and numerous remodelling processes develop with functional perturbation of [Ca2+]i. One of the key players for the maintenance of [Ca2+]i homeostasis in the heart is the sodium/calcium exchanger 1 (NCX1). Bacterial infections can potentially provoke CH, affecting directly or indirectly the intracellular [Ca2+]i homeostasis. In this study, we propose that NCX1 may be a critical player in triggering and progression of heart damages due to bacterial infections. Results obtained in our lab show that LPS, the main important endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria, induces a hypertrophic response that is prevented by ciclosporin in ex vivo perfused heart, in primary cardiomyocytes and in heart-derived cell lines. In all systems used, we found significant NCX1 alterations after exposition to LPS 1 g/ml for 3 and 24 hours. In particular, LPS increased NCX1 expression (both at mRNA and protein level), having no effect on exchanger distribution within the cell. The increase in NCX1 protein to LPS was also observed in myocytes where exchanger expression was not regulated by endogenous promoter activity. Moreover, NCX1 expressing cells developed defects in calcium handling after LPS exposure, since the calcium entry into the cells through the reverse mode of NCX1 was significantly higher in stressed cells. In addition, we found that NCX1 is critical for the hypertrophic response to LPS, since the specific NCX1 inhibitor SN6 completely prevented it. When myocytes without endogenous NCX1 were used, the hypertrophic response to LPS was significantly blunted compared to control. Taken together, these results suggest that NCX1 can be considered as new druggable target to prevent detrimental heart response to bacteria infections.
6
Perkins, John Drummond. "Daniel's Battery: A Narrative History and Socio-Economic Study of the Ninth Texas Field Battery." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332573/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis combines a traditional narrative history of a Confederate artillery battery with a socio-economic study of its members. A database was constructed using the Compiled Service Records, 1860 census, and county tax rolls. The information revealed similarities between the unit's members and their home area. Captain James M. Daniel organized the battery in Paris, Texas and it entered Confederate service in January 1862. The battery served in Walker's Texas Division. It was part of a reserve force at the Battle of Milliken's Bend and was involved in the battles of Bayou Bourbeau, Mansfield, and Pleasant Hill. The battery also shelled Union ships on the Mississippi River. Daniel's Battery officially surrendered at Natchitoches, Louisiana, in May 1865.
7
Suský, Stanislav. "Elektrolyty pro sodno – iontové akumulátory s použitím iontových kapalin." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442526.
Full textAbstract:
The content of this work deals with a theoretical search of sodium-based batteries. The first part of the work contains an introduction to the issue of batteries, contains basic concepts, principles of secondary batteries. In the second part, the basic three divisions of sodium batteries according to the design principles are discussed in more detail. He also deals with the theory of ionic liquids. Their mechanical, thermal and electrical properties and the method used to measure electrolytes are described here. The practical part describes the measurement procedure, displays the recorded measured values and their evaluation.
8
PIANTA, NICOLÒ. "Strategies for the optimization and characterization of materials for energy storage." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/382288.
Full textAbstract:
Sin dalla sua invenzione, la batteria agli ioni di litio ha dominato il mercato dei sistemi di accumulo elettrochimico, grazie alle sue eccezionali proprietà in termini di energia e densità di potenza. Tuttavia, il fatto che questa tecnologia sia indissolubilmente legata a risorse rare e disomogenee distribuite, per lo più litio e cobalto, rende indispensabile avere delle alternative, se non sostituirla completamente almeno per diversificare il mercato e ridurre la dipendenza dai suddetti risorse rare. Due esempi di tali alternative sono la batteria agli ioni di Na e il condensatore elettrochimico a doppio strato. Questi dispositivi hanno la possibilità di competere con i LIB in alcune situazioni, ma entrambi potrebbero trarre grandi benefici da un aumento della loro densità di energia. Inoltre, il monitoraggio dell'evoluzione delle loro prestazioni dovrebbe essere considerato una priorità al fine di ottenere informazioni più approfondite su come migliorarle in modo da renderle paragonabili alle LIB.
La ricerca di dottorato qui descritta si è concentrata su due obiettivi principali: proporre modi per migliorare la densità di energia dei sistemi di accumulo (NIB e EDLC) e suggerire una nuova tecnica per monitorare tali dispositivi operando: la spettroscopia di impedenza elettrochimica dinamica.
La fabbricazione di elettrodi ad alto potenziale è un modo per migliorare le capacità di accumulo di energia di una batteria agli ioni di Na. In questa tesi è stato sintetizzato Na3V2(PO4)2F3, un materiale attivo in grado di immagazzinare ioni sodio ad un potenziale medio di 3,8 V vs Na+/Na. Questo materiale è stato utilizzato per fabbricare elettrodi massicci autoportanti (carico di massa attiva: 25 mg cm-2), che si è rivelato un metodo molto interessante per migliorare la densità di energia. L'NVPF è stato anche testato come un vero catodo in una cella a ioni di sodio completa in modo da dimostrarne l'alto potenziale e i relativi problemi.
Per migliorare le densità energetiche degli EDLC, sono state preparate e studiate soluzioni altamente concentrate di acetato di potassio in acqua dalla loro caratterizzazione fisico-chimica ed elettrochimica all'uso di quelle più concentrate (elettrolita acqua-in-sale) in EDLC simmetrici a base di carbonio. Tali soluzioni si sono rivelate in grado di aumentare sia la capacità che la massima differenza di potenziale raggiungibile tra i due elettrodi, risultando in densità di energia maggiori rispetto agli elettroliti convenzionali (es. soluzione 6M KOH in acqua).
Infine, la spettroscopia di impedenza elettrochimica dinamica è stata valutata come metodo per studiare NIB ed EDLC durante il ciclo. Due sistemi, un EDLC acquoso e un materiale di inserimento per NIBs, sono stati analizzati con dEIS: una tecnica in grado di monitorare i cambiamenti temporali nella spettroscopia di impedenza elettrochimica mentre un dispositivo subisce un processo ciclico. Questo approccio si è rivelato fattibile sia per le tecniche potenziodinamiche che per quelle galvanostatiche, consentendo di sondare l'impedenza dei singoli elettrodi anche in condizioni sperimentali simili a quelle con cui opera un dispositivo reale.Ever since its invention, the Li-ion battery has dominated the market of electrochemical storage systems, thanks to its outstanding properties in terms of energy and power density. However, the fact that this technology is inextricably linked to non-homogenously distributed and rare resources, mostly lithium and cobalt, makes it essential to have alternatives, if not to completely replace it at least to diversify the market and reduce the dependence on the aforementioned rare resources. Two examples of such alternatives are the Na-ion battery and the electrochemical double-layer capacitor. These devices have the chance to compete with LIBs in some situations but both of them could greatly benefit from an increase in their energy density. Also, monitoring the evolution of their performances should be considered a priority in order to get deeper insights on how to improve them so to make them comparable to LIBs. The doctoral research here described was focused on two main objectives: proposing ways to improve the energy density of storage systems (NIBs and EDLCs) and suggesting a new technique to monitor such devices operando: the dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Fabricating high potential electrodes is a way to improve the energy storage capabilities of a Na-ion battery. In this thesis, Na3V2(PO4)2F3, an active material able to store sodium-ions at a mean potential as high as 3.8 V vs Na+/Na, was synthesised. This material was used to fabricate self-standing massive electrodes (active mass loading: 25 mg cm-2), which proved to be a very interesting method to improve the energy density. NVPF was also tested as an actual cathode in a full sodium-ion cell so to prove its high potential and relative issues. To improve EDLCs energy densities, highly concentrated solutions of potassium acetate in water were prepared and studied from their physicochemical and electrochemical characterization to the use of the highest concentrated ones (water-in-salt electrolyte) in symmetric carbon-based EDLCs. Such solutions proved to be able to increase both the capacitance and the maximum reachable potential difference between the two electrodes, resulting in higher energy densities compared to conventional electrolytes (e.g. 6M KOH solution in water). Finally, dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was evaluated as a method to study NIBs and EDLCs while cycling. Two systems, an aqueous EDLC and an insertion material for NIBs, were analysed with dEIS: a technique able to monitor the temporal changes in the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy while a device undergoes a cycling process. This approach proved to be doable for both potentiodynamic and galvanostatic techniques, allowing to probe the impedance of the single electrodes even in experimental conditions similar to those with which a real device operates.
9
Baldissarri, Mattia. "Studio di un impasto acido funzionale ad elevata biodisponibilita di selenio." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6185/.
Full textAbstract:
Dal 2008, sono evidenti che i benefici del selenio nell'organismo dipendono dalla forma in cui è ingerito, stabilendo che quella organica è migliore dell'inorganica. L’introduzione di selenio raccomandato a livello internazionale è di 55-70 μg/giorno e la sua specie chimica efficace dal punto di vista biologico è la seleniometionina. Infatti, si può affermare che il selenio in forma inorganica possieda una bassa bioattività rispetto al selenio legato agli aminoacidi (Se-metionina e Se-cisteina) di maggiore bioattività.
Nell’ambito dei prodotti lievitati da forno, uno dei fattori che desta maggior interesse è l’effetto esercitato dal processo tecnologico (che include fermentazione e cottura) sull’aumento della biodisponibilità dei composti antiossidanti e nutrizionali. In particolare, attraverso il processo fermentativo, è possibile aumentare sia l’azione degli enzimi digestivi sul substrato alimentare, che la stabilità del selenio inorganico e organico presente modificandone le caratteristiche chimiche e fisiche (es. organicazione). Nello specifico, i processi fermentativi che caratterizzano gli impasti acidi (basati sulle interazioni metaboliche tra batteri lattici e lieviti) sono stati riconosciuti efficaci per modificare la composizione delle micro e macromolecole responsabili del miglioramento non solo delle caratteristiche qualitative ma anche di quelle nutrizionali, come il selenio.
Lo scopo della mia tesi era lo sviluppo di un prodotto funzionale a base di cereali arricchito con selenio bioattivo tramite un processo di natura biotecnologica di tipo fermentativo. L’aggiunta di selenio alla farina attraverso un impasto acido arricchito favorisce la sua organicazione da parte dei batteri lattici presenti che trasformano parte del selenio additivato (SeIV) in forme organiche come SeMet e MeSeCys e in parte in altri frammenti organici non rilevati dall’analisi. D’altra parte la quantità di selenio inorganico rilevato nei digeriti di piadina ottenuta con impasto acido è risultata essere drasticamente ridotta. Dalla mia sperimentazione ho ottenuto molteplici indicazioni che riguardano la possibilità di produrre un alimento fermentato a base di cereali ed a elevato contenuto di selenio bioattivo. Dal punto di vista applicativo questo sperimentazione costituisce una base sia per la comprensione del ruolo dei processi fermentativi nella generazione di alimenti o ingredienti funzionali ma anche per l’individuazione di nuovi microrganismi probiotici con potenziali attività antiossidante ricchi di selenio bioattivo.
10
Gueyap, Metchehe Carine Megal. "La micropropagazione di spezie ad uso alimentare: il caso dello zenzero." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21681/.
Full textAbstract:
Lo zenzero o ginger (Zingiber officinale) è una pianta erbacea perenne appartenente alla famiglia delle Zinziberaceae. Originario dell’Asia orientale (Sud della Cina), oggi la sua coltivazione è diffusa in molti paesi dal clima caldo (Cina, Brasile, Messico, Indonesia, Perù, Tailandia, India e Giamaica). L’aroma speziato è principalmente dovuto alla presenza di chetoni, in particolare i gingeroli e suoi derivati (shogaolo, paradolo, gingerdiolo, gingerdiacetati, gingerdioni, 6-ginger-acido solfonico, gingerenoni etc). Lo scopo della presente ricerca è stato quello di valutare il metodo di sterilizzazione degli espianti di due popolazioni: zenzero Nero e Zenzero del Perù.La sperimentazione è stata condotta presso Battistini vivai di via Ravennate 1500,Cesena.Il materiale di partenza del processo di micropropagazione è stato il rizoma con gemme ancora non sviluppate .Dai germoglietti sviluppati da queste gemme ,sono stati eseguiti espianti di circa 1 o 2 cm di lunghezza .Questi espianti sono stati sciacquati e quindi immersi in una soluzione di ipoclorito di sodio commerciale al 50% per un tempo variabile da 5 a 20 minuti.Nel caso di zenzero nero,il tempo di contatto ottimale degli espianti all'NaClO ,è risultato di15 minuti ,tutta via ,allungare il tempo di soli pochi minuti,può determinare gravi danni alle colture .Nel caso della prima subcoltura,invece lo zenzero nero sembra essere sensibile all'NaClO ,che infatti non ha creato danni,indipendentemente dal tempo di durata della sterilizzazione .Nel caso dello zenzero del Perù ,il tempo di contattato ottimale degli espianti vitali si è fermati al 67%.A differenza dello zenzero nero ,quello del Perù è risultato sensibile all'ipoclorito di Na anche nella prima subcoltura dove,indipendentemente dal tempo di contatto,la percentuale non ha mai superato il 50%.
Books on the topic "Batterie al sodio"
1
Ashekele, Hina Mu. Business potentials and management systems at AccuPower Pilot Sites: Socio-economic and engineering evaluations of a deep dischargeable battery operation : summary and recommendations of survey reports for the Ministry of Mines and Energy of the Republic of Namibia. Windhoek]: Engineering Science & Technology Division, Multidisciplinary Research and Consultancy Centre, UNAM, 2000.
Find full text
2
Keiichi, Komoto, ed. Energy from the desert: Very large scale photovoltaic systems : socio-economic, financial, technical, and environmental aspects. Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2009.
Find full text
3
Kosuke, Kurokawa, ed. Energy from the desert: Very large scale photovoltaic systems : socio-economic, financial, technical, and environmental aspects. Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Batterie al sodio"
1
Rojas, Javier, Carlos Lucero, and Iliana Merchán. "Constant Voltage Battery Charger Energized from an MPPT Photovoltaic System." In Innovation and Research - A Driving Force for Socio-Econo-Technological Development, 295–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11438-0_24.
Full text
2
Briggs, Chris. "Introduction: rural credit." In Credit and Village Society in Fourteenth-Century England. British Academy, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197264416.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book focuses on the credit dealings of medieval Europe. In medieval Europe, manor courts served as private jurisdictions by the landlords which were attended by the peasants to hear and settle their private lawsuits, many of which were concerned about debts. The long lists of manorial court rolls which were predominantly concerned with debt disputes prove the existence of large numbers of credit relationships within the medieval villages of Europe. Yet, despite the abundance of materials and the recent growth in research on this material, no extensive studies have been conducted on medieval credit relationships. This book is the first extensive and detailed investigation of credit in the countryside of medieval Europe. Rural credit is a subject matter that demands closer attention as it gives a glimpse of the function of credit in an agrarian economy. It also sheds light on the socio-economic conditions of the medieval villages which were predominantly battered by poverty. It also has contemporary relevance as it provides insight on the provision of microcredit as a tool for eradicating, if not alleviating, poverty, and for giving gains to those in less developed countries. Addressed in this book are: who were the people, creditors, and debtors involved in the credit relationships of Europe; and why the debts came about. The book also evaluates the changing availability of village credit in various forms, analyses the role of credit in relations between families and individuals, and tackles the terms and conditions attached to credit transactions.
Conference papers on the topic "Batterie al sodio"
1
Ogunyemi, Oluwole I. (PhD). "Effect of Poultry Farmers’ Socioeconomic Features on Selected Production Limiting Factors in Southwest Nigeria." In Advances in Multidisciplinary and Scientific Research Journal Publication. Society for Multidisciplinary and Advanced Research Techniques - Creative Research Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/isteams/lasustech2022v30p6.
Full textAbstract:
Poultry farmers are faced with many problems that reduce their capacity utilisation. The challenges have made a lot of poultry entrepreneurs to leave the business compellingly. Many interventions have been applied to solve production problems of the poultry farmers but they have not given the desired results. Also, literatures on poultry production in Nigeria are many and growing focusing mainly on production, economic and marketing research questions. Few have linked the socio-economic factors of poultry farmers with production management and challenges. The research, therefore, analysed the effects of socio-economic characteristics of poultry farmers on selected problems of poultry farming. Two-stage sampling procedure was adopted. At the first stage, three states: Ekiti, Lagos and Ondo were purposefully selected and at the second stage, simple random sampling was used to select 320 poultry farmers in the three states out of which 307 were successful for analysis. Data were collected on 10 socio-economic characteristics and 5 production problems: adverse effect of climate change, disease incidence, high cost of transportation, high feeds cost and high cost of drugs. Frequency distribution, percentage and Probit model were used to analyse data. 76.55%, 63.84%, 68.73% and 67.10% of the farmers were male, married, into farming as main occupation and belonged to cooperative in that order. Poultry farmers using battery cage system have higher likelihood, 0.497, of facing adverse effect of climate change than the farmers using deep litter system while those in Ekiti State have lower likelihood (-0.506) of facing the problem of climate change than those in Ondo and Lagos States. The likelihood of having disease incidence declines with membership of cooperative and increase in years of experience among the poultry farmers with the coefficients of -0.705 and -0.035 respectively. Poultry farmers that are members of cooperative are less likely to have high transportation cost and high cost of feeds as problems from the coefficients of -0.525 and -0.726 correspondingly. Though the probability of having high cost of drugs as production problem increases with age of farmers, older farmers are less likely to have the problem and farmers that have poultry production as main occupation have higher probability of having high cost of drugs than those that are into poultry farming as secondary occupation with the coefficients of 0.156, -0.002 and 0.402 respectively. The study recommends that deep litter system of production should be encouraged among poultry farmers to reduce the adverse effects of climate change. Cooperative membership should be encouraged among the poultry farmers to reduce transportation cost and disease incidence on farms. Also, poultry drug related assistance should be given to the farmers that engage in the enterprise as main occupation which demands the identification of poultry farmers that are into the enterprise as main occupation. Key words: Climate change, Cost of feeds, Cost of drug, Cost of transportation, Poultry farmer, Southwest Nigeria
2
Paunescu, Mihaela, Vasilica Grigore, Georgeta Mitrache, and Radu Predoiu. "USE OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY IN EVALUATING THE CONCENTRATION AND MOBILITY OF ATTENTION." In eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-237.
Full textAbstract:
Attention is the psychical phenomenon (mental function) which designates the selective orientation of the activity and the focalization of the mental energy on an object, in order to know it better and to act more efficiently. Attention is the manifestation of conscience and cannot be related to a certain mental process. It does not have inherent reflectory content, being present in all psychical functions ? perception, representation, thinking (we pay attention when we perceive, when we memorize, when we think etc). This study was carried out on a number of 90 students in NUPES, divided into three groups: performance athletes who practice individual sports (tennis, karate and gymnastics), performance athletes who practice team sports (football, handball and basketball) and students who don?t practice any kind of sports. We assessed attention concentration and mobility through two computerized tests: CMA-R and TAC, of the battery of tests PSISELTEVA. CMA-R test is conceived under the shape of a dynamic model made of task-sequences with progressive degrees of difficulty. TAC test consists in giving a pre-established answer for each signal-stimulus identified among insignificant stimuli. Using ANOVA (one-way), we highlighted significant differences statistically (p < 0, 05) between the three samples of athletes. Practising sports systematically can be an effective way of developing certain skills and abilities such as: attention concentration and mobility, observation spirit, fast visual analysis capacity, visual discrimination capacity, prompt reactions at the visual signs that have to be differentiated. These are directly related to the increase of personal efficiency and performance both in sports as well as in general in any other socio-professional activity.
3
Steur, Ronald, Yanko Lyubenov Yaven, Boris Gueorguiev, Rao Mahadeva, and Wenquan Shen. "Crosscutting Requirements in the International Project on Innovative Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO)." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22503.
Full textAbstract:
There are two categories of requirements: (i) user requirements that need to be met by the designers and manufacturers of innovative reactors and fuel cycles, and (ii) a wide spectrum of requirements that need to be met by countries, willing to successfully deploy innovative nuclear reactors for energy production. This part of the International Project on Innovative Reactors and Fuel Cycles will mainly deal with the second category of requirements. Both categories of requirements will vary depending on the institutional development, infrastructure availability and social attitude in any given country. Out of the need for sustainable development requirements will also more specific in the future. Over a 50-year time frame both categories of requirements will evolve with social and economic development as nuclear technology develops further. For example, the deployment of innovative reactors in countries with marginal or non-existing nuclear infrastructures would be possible only if the reactors are built, owned and operated by an international nuclear utility or if they are inherently safe and can be delivered as a “black box - nuclear battery”. A number of issues will need to be addressed and conditions and requirements developed if this is going to become a reality. One general requirement for wider utilization of innovative nuclear power will be the public and environmental considerations, which will play a role in the decision making processes. Five main clusters of topics will be handled: • Infrastuctural aspects, typology and consequences for nuclear development. • Industrial requirements for the different innovative concepts. • Institutional developments and requirements for future deployment of nuclear energy. (National as well as international). • Socio-political aspects, a.o. public acceptance and role of governments. • Sustainability: requirements following the need for sustainability. Analysis will be made of the evolution of national and international social, institutional and infrastructure requirements for the deployment of innovative nuclear technology through 2050 and beyond and requirements will be identified following the need for.