Journal articles: 'Batterie a flux'

1

GILLOT, S., Y. FAYOLLE, and C. ROCHE. "Densification des boues activées par hydrocyclones – impact de la granulation partielle sur les performances de traitement." Techniques Sciences Méthodes 12 (January 20, 2023): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/202212133.

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Pour traiter les eaux résiduaires, le procédé à boues activées conventionnel reste le plus utilisé dans les pays industrialisés. Ce procédé peut être intensifié en densifiant la biomasse épuratoire. L’installation d’hydrocyclones sur la boucle d’extraction des boues, créant une pression de sélection des particules les plus denses, est l’une des méthodes de densification employées. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser le fonctionnement d’une file de traitement par boues activées de la station d’épuration de Dijon, équipée d’une batterie d’hydrocyclones. Les performances obtenues ont été comparées à celles d’une file témoin. Les résultats montrent la nette amélioration de la capacité des boues à décanter de la file densifiée, et le maintien d’un indice de boues inférieur à 100 mL/g, même en début de période hivernale habituellement accompagné d’un foisonnement filamenteux. Les performances de traitement sur les deux files sont similaires pour le traitement du carbone. La file densifiée montre un fléchissement du flux nitrifié, lié à une limitation de l’apport d’oxygène. Des mesures complémentaires sont requises pour imputer cette limitation à la taille des particules, significativement plus élevée dans la file densifiée, ou à une capacité de transfert d’oxygène différente, en lien avec les modifications de comportement rhéologique observées. Ces mesures permettront également de préciser le bilan énergétique du système, en prenant en compte l’ensemble des modifications induites (puissances d’agitation et de pompage requises, notamment).

2

Chen, Ming Yi, Richard Yuen, and Jian Wang. "Experimental Study on the Bundle Lithium-Ion Batteries Fire." Materials Science Forum 890 (March 2017): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.890.263.

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In this paper, a report is given on an experimental study of the combustion characteristics of six bundle lithium-ion batteries in a calorimeter. Several parameters including mass loss, heat release rate, surface temperature and heat flux distribution were measured to evaluate the hazards. The experimental results show that the lithium-ion batteries undergo fierce combustion processes. The total mass loss of six lithium-ion batteries fire is 67.8g, and the effective heat of the fire is 7.06 kJ/g. The highest temperature of the batteries fire is 816.9 °C and the maximum heat flux is 0.68 kW/m2.The results provide scientific basis for the development of fire protection measures during the usage, storage and distribution of primary lithium batteries.

3

Ahmedov, B. J. "On a Possibility to Measure Thermo-Electric Power in SNS Structures." Modern Physics Letters B 12, no. 16 (July 10, 1998): 633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984998000743.

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Two dissimilar Josephson junctions, which are connected to a heater can act as precise batteries. Because of the di erencein thermoelectric power of these batteries, circuit with two dissimilar batteries, under heat flow ΔT~10-5 K would have a net EMF 10-11 V around the zero-resistance loop leading to a loop's time-varying magnetic flux. It is shown that its theoretical value is proportional to both the temperature difference as well as the disparity in the thermoelectric powers of the two junctions.

4

Li, Zhen Zhe, Yun De Shen, Gui Ying Shen, Mei Qin Li, and Ming Ren. "Parameter Study on Cooling System of Battery for HEV." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 2038–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.2038.

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A hybrid power composed of the fuel cell and MH-Ni battery has become a good strategy for HEV, but the performance of the battery cooling systems can not be easily adjusted. In this study, heat flux of the batteries and mass flow rate of cooling air have been investigated to improve the performance of a battery cooling system. As shown in the results, the error of root mean square has been decreased under the condition of decreasing heat flux of the batteries, and the performance of the battery cooling system has been improved with increasing the mass flow rate of cooling air. The analysis model developed in this study can be widly used to find out an optimal battery cooling system in the future work.

5

Liu, Yue, Bin Li, Jianhua Liu, Songmei Li, and Shubin Yang. "Pre-planted nucleation seeds for rechargeable metallic lithium anodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 35 (2017): 18862–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta04932c.

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Pre-planted nano copper particles not only played as nucleation seeds but also regulated the Li⁺ flux during lithium striping/plating process, leading to high cycling stability for rechargeable metallic lithium batteries.

6

Wu, Zhiheng, Yongshang Zhang, Lu Li, Yige Zhao, Yonglong Shen, Shaobin Wang, and Guosheng Shao. "Nitrogen-doped vertical graphene nanosheets by high-flux plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition as efficient oxygen reduction catalysts for Zn–air batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 44 (2020): 23248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta07633c.

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Low temperature deposition of N-doped vertical graphene realized at low temperature lab-built high-flux plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (HPECVD) system, with outstanding catalytic performance enabled for ORR in Zn–air batteries.

7

Zeising, Samuel, Rebecca Seidl, Angelika Thalmayer, Georg Fischer, and Jens Kirchner. "Low-Frequency Magnetic Localization of Capsule Endoscopes with an Integrated Coil." Engineering Proceedings 6, no. 1 (May 17, 2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/i3s2021dresden-10146.

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Wireless capsule endoscopy is a promising and less invasive alternative to conventional endoscopy. A patient swallows a small capsule with an integrated camera to capture a video of the gastrointestinal tract. For accurate diagnosis and therapy, the capsule position in terms of the travelled distance must be known for each video frame. However, to date, there is no reliable localization method for endoscopy capsules. In this paper, a novel magnetic localization method is proposed. A coil as a magnetic field source is integrated into a capsule and fed with a low-frequency alternating current to prevent static geomagnetic field interference. This alternating magnetic field is measured by twelve magnetic sensors arranged in rings around the abdomen. The coil and the capsule batteries were designed based on the geometry and power supply of a commercially available endoscopy capsule and simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics software. In this way, the coil position and orientation were determined with an accuracy below 1 mm and 1°, respectively. As an analytic model for the magnetic flux density of the coil in that setup, a modified dipole model was derived. It was used to show that the batteries help to increase the amplitude of the magnetic flux density. The model is valid when signals below 100 Hz are applied, and no eddy currents are generated within the batteries. It is concluded that the magnetic flux density generated by the developed coil would be measurable with state-of-the-art magnetic sensors.

8

Benavides, Darío, Paúl Arévalo, Luis G. Gonzalez, and José A. Aguado. "Analysis of Different Energy Storage Technologies for Microgrids Energy Management." E3S Web of Conferences 173 (2020): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017303004.

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The importance of energy storage systems is increasing in microgrids energy management. In this study, an analysis is carried out for different types of energy storage technologies commonly used in the energy storage systems of a microgrid, such as: lead acid batteries, lithium ion batteries, redox vanadium flux batteries and supercapacitors. In this work, it is analyzed the process of charging and discharging (slow and fast) in these systems, the calculation of energy efficiency, performance and energy supplied under different load levels, in its normal operating conditions and installed power capacity is developed. The results allow us to choose the optimal conditions of charge and discharge at different levels of reference power, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the characteristics of each storage system within a microgrid.

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Song, Sung-Geun, Seong-Mi Park, and Sung-Jun Park. "New Battery Balancing Circuit using Magnetic Flux Sharing." Journal of Power Electronics 14, no. 1 (January 20, 2014): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/jpe.2014.14.1.194.

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Janzen, Andrew W., and John R. Natzke. "Magnetic Battery Feasibility Study Using Flux Switching Topology." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 51, no. 6 (June 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2014.2343995.

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Wu, Lisha, Ying Zhang, Ping Shang, Yanfeng Dong, and Zhong-Shuai Wu. "Redistributing Zn ion flux by bifunctional graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for dendrite-free zinc metal anodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 48 (2021): 27408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta08697a.

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Teshima, Katsuya, Hajime Wagata, and Shuji Oishi. "All-Crystal-State Lithium-Ion Batteries: Innovation Inspired by Novel Flux Coating Method." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2013, CICMT (September 1, 2013): 000187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-wp41.

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All-solid-state lithium-ion rechargeable batteries (LIBs) consisting of solid electrolyte materials have attracted a number of research interests because no use of organic liquid electrolyte increases packaging density and intrinsic safety of LIB, which contribute the development on environmentally-friendly automobiles such as electric vehicle (EV), hybrid vehicle (HV), and plug-in hybrid vehicle (HEV), in addition to efficient utilization of electric energy in smart grid. Among various solid electrolytes, inorganic electrolyte materials have achieved relatively high lithium-ion conductivity and better stability at an ambient atmosphere. Nevertheless, there is a drawback that is relatively high internal resistance owing to relatively slow Li ion movement caused by low crystallinity of materials, scattering at interfaces such as current collector/electrode active materials and electrode active materials/electrolyte materials. In this context, we have proposed a concept, all-crystal-state LIB, in which all the component materials have high crystallinity and those interfaces are effective for Li ion diffusion. Here, we present the fabrication of oxide crystals and crystal layers via flux method and flux coating. Flux method is one of the solution processes in which idiomorphic highly crystalline materials can be obtained under the melting point of the target ones. In addition, it provides simple, low-cost and environmentally-benign pathway compared to conventional solid-state-reaction method. Flux coating method is developed to fabricate high-quality crystal layers (films) on various substrates. High-quality crystals and crystal layers of cathode, anode and electrolyte materials were successfully fabricated.

13

Nateghi, A., and M. A. Keip. "A thermo-chemo-mechanically coupled model for cathode particles in lithium–ion batteries." Acta Mechanica 232, no. 8 (May 26, 2021): 3041–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00707-021-02970-1.

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AbstractAs the demand for lithium-ion batteries increases, a better understanding of the complex phenomena involved in their operation becomes crucial. In this work, we propose a coupled thermo-chemo-mechanical model for electrode particles of Li–ion batteries. To this end, we start with a general finite strain continuum framework for the coupled thermo-chemo-mechanical problem and then narrow it down to cathode active particles of Li–ion batteries, particularly to lithium manganese oxide particles. Electrochemical kinetics at the surface of the particle and also heat generation due to current exchange are taken into account. Next, the numerical treatment of the problem using the finite element method is presented. Specific line elements are needed to evaluate the flux of ions at the surface of the particle. Finally, the performance of the proposed model is evaluated using a few representative boundary value problems.

14

Yubuta, Kunio, Yusuke Mizuno, Nobuyuki Zettsu, Shigeki Komine, Kenichiro Kami, Hajime Wagata, Shuji Oishi, and Katsuya Teshima. "TEM observation for low-temperature grown spinel-type LiMn2O4crystals." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331409250x.

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Present spinel-type lithium manganese oxides have attracted much attention as positive-electrode active materials for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, which are the most sought-after power source for various electric applications, because of their low cost, non-toxicity, and high abundance of source materials compared to the conventionally used LiCoO2 crystals. Spinel-type LiMn2O4 crystals were grown at low-temperature by using a LiCl-KCl flux. The chemical compositions, sizes, and shapes of the LiMn2O4 crystals could be tuned by simply changing the growth conditions. Among the various products, the crystals grown at a low temperature of 873 K showed a small average size of 200 nm. Electron diffraction patterns and TEM images reveal the truncated octahedral shape of the crystals. The flux growth driven by rapid cooling resulted in truncated octahedral LiMn2O4 crystals surrounded by both dominating {111} and minor {100} faces with {311} and {220} edges. Lattice images indicate that crystals grown at a lower temperature have the excellent crystallinity. The small LiMn2O4 crystals grown at 873 K showed better rate properties than the large crystals grown at 1173 K, when used as a positive active material in lithium-ion rechargeable batteries.

15

Tan, Chun, Matthew D. R. Kok, Sohrab R. Daemi, Daniel J. L. Brett, and Paul R. Shearing. "Three-dimensional image based modelling of transport parameters in lithium–sulfur batteries." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 8 (2019): 4145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp04763d.

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Liu, Borui, Juan F. Torres, Mahdiar Taheri, Pan Xiong, Teng Lu, Junwu Zhu, Yun Liu, Guihua Yu, and Antonio Tricoli. "Dual‐Ion Flux Management for Stable High Areal Capacity Lithium–Sulfur Batteries." Advanced Energy Materials 12, no. 10 (January 27, 2022): 2103444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202103444.

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Chi, Ri-Guang, and Seok-Ho Rhi. "Oscillating Heat Pipe Cooling System of Electric Vehicle’s Li-Ion Batteries with Direct Contact Bottom Cooling Mode." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 5, 2019): 1698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091698.

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Recently, the use of electrical vehicles has abruptly increased due to environmental crises. The high energy density of lithium-ion batteries is their main advantage for use in electric vehicles (EVs). However, the thermal management of Li-ion batteries is a challenge due to the poor heat resistance of Lithium ions. The performance and lifetime of lithium ion batteries are strongly affected by the internal operating temperature. Thermal characterization of battery cells is very important to ensure the consistent operation of a Li-ion battery for its application. In the present study, the OHP (Oscillating Heat Pipe) system is proposed as a battery cooling module, and experimental verification was carried out. OHP is characterized by a long evaporator section, an extremely short condenser section, and almost no adiabatic section. Experimental investigations were conducted using various parameters such as the filling ratio, orientation, coolant temperature, and heat flux. Average temperature of the heater’s surface was maintained at 56.4 °C using 14 W with 25 °C coolant water. The experimental results show that the present cooling technology basically meets the design goal of consistent operation.

18

Cho, Jinil, Yong-keon Ahn, Yong Jun Gong, Seonmi Pyo, Jeeyoung Yoo, and Youn Sang Kim. "An organic–inorganic composite separator for preventing shuttle effect in lithium–sulfur batteries." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 4, no. 6 (2020): 3051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0se00123f.

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The proposed organic–inorganic composite separator strongly reduces the dissolution issue of lithium polysulfide and prevents the movement of polysulfide. Also, it improves the stability of lithium metal anode by evenly distributing the flux of lithium ions.

19

Beverland, I. J., S. L. Scott, D. H. Ónéill, J. B. Moncrieff, and K. J. Hargreaves. "Simple battery powered device for flux measurements by conditional sampling." Atmospheric Environment 31, no. 2 (January 1997): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(96)00161-6.

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Pugach, M., S. Bogdanov, V. Vlasov, V. Erofeeva, and S. Parsegov. "Identification of crossover flux in VRFB cells during battery cycling." Journal of Power Sources 610 (August 2024): 234745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.234745.

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Lai Qit Inn, A. N. Oumer, Azizuddin Abd Aziz, Januar Parlaungan Siregar, and Tezara Cionita. "Numerical Analysis of Battery Thermal Management System of Electric Vehicle." Journal of Advanced Research in Numerical Heat Transfer 13, no. 1 (July 19, 2023): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arnht.13.1.106114.

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This study is modelling the direct liquid cooling system of battery used in Electric Vehicle. The purpose of the study is to investigate the performance of the Li-ion battery model under different input of parameters and to evaluate the optimum parameters for the battery thermal management system model to maintain at its peak performance. SolidWorks and ANSYS are used to model and simulate the battery whereas MINITAB software is selected for conducting the statistical analysis. Heat flux, mass flow rate at the inlet and the thickness of the battery model has been selected as input of the simulation. The obtained results show that the heat transfer coefficient is increasing with the higher heat flux and mass flowrate but decreasing with the thickness of the battery model. Pressure drop remains constant when heat flux varies but increasing with mass flow rate and inversely proportional with the thickness of battery. For statistical analysis, an optimum value for the parameters is proposed to maintain the battery to operate with a highest heat transfer coefficient but lowest in pressure difference. Overall, the study has been conducted successfully and fulfilled the objectives stated.

22

Sharma, Bhamiti, Bing Tan, David Shepard, David Li, Yuhao Liao, and Yang-Tse Cheng. "Multifunctional Zeolite Coated Separators for Improved Performance and Safety of Lithium Metal Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 2 (August 28, 2023): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-012549mtgabs.

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Lithium (Li) metal batteries are attractive due to their high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities. However, they can fail catastrophically due to dendritic nucleation, growth, and penetration through the polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE) separators. Poor electrolyte wetting and non-uniform Li ion flux are known to affect Li dendrite formation, especially since the PP/PE separators have broad gaussian pore size distribution and typically organic electrolytes do not wet them well. In this work, we demonstrate that a multifunctional zeolite coating on a commercial PP separator (Z-PP) can improve electrolyte wettability and in-plane ionic conductivity, giving rise to more uniform Li flux. Consequently, Z-PP can effectively delay dendrite penetration and enhance cell performance and safety. Firstly, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to establish that the thin zeolite coating on PP separator had little effect on through-plane ionic conductivity. For electrochemical cycling behavior, PP and Z-PP separator based symmetric cells and half-cells were studied by monitoring the cell overpotential (symmetric cell) and discharge capacity (half-cell). For the Z-PP separator, lower overpotential and better discharge capacity retention were observed in the respective symmetric and half-cell studies, suggesting improved electrolyte wetting and relatively uniform Li flux. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) studies helped in understanding coating microstructure and cycled electrode morphologies. SEM images of cycled Li metal harvested from the Z-PP cells show much smoother Li surface for Z-PP cell as compared to PP cells. This work suggests that overall cell performance and safety can be improved by employing Z-PP separators.

23

Kim, Patrick J., Kyungho Kim, and Vilas G. Pol. "Uniform metal-ion flux through interface-modified membrane for highly stable metal batteries." Electrochimica Acta 283 (September 2018): 517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.177.

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ZHAO, LIWEI, JIANGFENG NI, HAIBO WANG, and LIJUN GAO. "FLUX SYNTHESIS OF Na0.44MnO2 NANORIBBONS AND THEIR ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES FOR Na-ION BATTERIES." Functional Materials Letters 06, no. 02 (April 2013): 1350012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604713500124.

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Well-crystallized Na0.44MnO2 is readily synthesized via a facile NaCl -flux reaction at 850°C for 5 h. The Na0.44MnO2 material exhibits a well-defined nanoribbon structure with dimension of 50–100 nm in thickness and 200–500 nm in width. Electrochemical properties of as-prepared Na0.44MnO2 are thoroughly investigated on assembled nonaqueous Na0.44MnO2 // Na cells using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic test, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the Na0.44MnO2 nanoribbon material can deliver a high capacity of 106 mAh g-1 with stable cycling performance over 40 cycles. In addition, it exhibits a favorable rate capability, delivering a capacity of 90 mAh g-1 at a rate of 1 C. The high capacity retention combined with acceptable rate capability makes the Na0.44MnO2 a promising electrode material for advanced Na -ion batteries.

25

Tang, Weiping. "Preparation of Lithium Cobalt Oxide by LiCl-Flux Method for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries." Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 1, no. 3 (1999): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1390665.

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Park, Kyu-Young, Hyungsub Kim, Seongsu Lee, Jongsoon Kim, Jihyun Hong, Hee-Dae Lim, Inchul Park, and Kisuk Kang. "Thermal structural stability of a multi-component olivine electrode for lithium ion batteries." CrystEngComm 18, no. 39 (2016): 7463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ce00944a.

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In this paper, the structural evolution of Li(Mn_1/3Fe_1/3Co_1/3)PO₄, which is a promising multi-component olivine cathode materials, is investigated using combined in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction and flux neutron diffraction analyses at various states of charge.

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Yurukcu, M., H. Cansizoglu, M. F. Cansizoglu, and T. Karabacak. "Conformality of PVD shell layers on vertical arrays of rods with different aspect ratios investigated by Monte Carlo simulations." MRS Advances 2, no. 8 (2017): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.158.

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AbstractApplications such as batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, and sensors, can benefit from high surface-to-volume ratio core/shell arrays of nanorods. The fabrication of the conformal shell layers on nanorod arrays has been a formidable task. In order to assess the deposition conditions for the production of conformal shell coatings by physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques, we employed Monte Carlo (MC) simulations that involved shell depositions under different flux distributions and angles on arrays of rods. We investigated the conformality of PVD shell layers on nanorod arrays of different aspect ratios, which is defined to be the ratio of rod height to the gaps between nearest-neighbor rods. MC simulated core/shell structures were analyzed for the thickness uniformity of the shell layer across the sidewalls of rods. Our results show that a small angle deposition approach involving a uniform oblique flux (U-SAD) with a small incidence angle ≤ 30o can generate a fairly conformal shell coating around small aspect-ratio rods. However, normal angle deposition with an angular flux distribution (A-NAD) achieves superior conformality both on small and high-aspect-ratio structures compared to U-SAD, conventional uniform normal angle deposition (U-NAD), and SAD with an angular flux distribution (A-SAD). A-NAD can be realized in a PVD system such as by high pressure sputter deposition; while U-SAD can be achieved in thermal evaporation system with a small angle incident flux. In addition, U-NAD and A-SAD can correspond to film growth by normal incidence thermal evaporation and SAD-high pressure sputter deposition, respectively.

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Jaya Shankar, R., J. Lakshmipathi, N. Raghukiran, P. Manickavasagam, YS Govardhan, and G. Sakthivel. "Design and Optimization of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Alternator for Onboard Power Generation in Two-Wheeler Applications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2601, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2601/1/012041.

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Abstract The Main motive of this work is to develop an Axial flux Permanent magnet alternator for on board power generation source for an electric bike. An average electric bike having a range of 40KM to 60KM per full charge will take an average of 3 hours to charge. In the present work, an onboard power generator is modeled for an electric bike which has its very own power generation system. An axial flux permanent magnet alternator is coupled to pedal and whenever the pedaling action is performed, the alternator produces power to recharge battery or also run the hub motor of the electric bike depending upon the required output voltage with the help of relay Switch. The mathematical modelling and design of the axial flux permanent magnet alternator is done using Matlab and Solidworks. Axial flux alternators are increasingly being used for large-and small-scale applications because of innovation, new material research, and manufacturing techniques that save time. Depending on the needed output power, the axial flux alternator can be built with or without an iron core and with “n” numbers of stator and rotor. The surface mounted permanent magnet technique and several one side and both side topologies with and without iron cores were designed in this work. Small-scale E-bikes employ the AFPM alternator to generate power onboard. Depending on the application, the power generated may be supplied back to a BLDC motor or used to recharge batteries. The respective results were discussed in this paper.

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Walsh, C. A., and D. S. Clark. "Biermann battery magnetic fields in ICF capsules: Total magnetic flux generation." Physics of Plasmas 28, no. 9 (September 2021): 092705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0059366.

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Murashko, K. A., A. V. Mityakov, J. Pyrhönen, V. Y. Mityakov, and S. S. Sapozhnikov. "Thermal parameters determination of battery cells by local heat flux measurements." Journal of Power Sources 271 (December 2014): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.07.117.

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White, Gavin, Alastair Hales, Gregory James Offer, and Yatish Patel. "(Invited) Methods for the Parameterisation of Battery Thermal Models." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 7 (December 22, 2023): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-027974mtgabs.

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Thermal properties are fundamental parameters in every battery cell model. They govern how heat moves through the cell or dissipates once it has been produced. Modelling the movement of heat in batteries is essential for safety and also for accurate predictions of temperature. Electrical/electrochemical models of the cell are highly sensitive to temperature making accurate thermal properties an essential requirement. However, measuring these properties is extremely difficult due to the complex structure inside a cell. Previous measurement methods suffered from fundamental flaws and often battery thermal models are either over simplified or overly complex. This presentation will present the challenges faced before novel methods are presented which address this. This includes a novel method developed for measuring thermal conductivity which uses state-of-the-art heat flux sensors to reduce errors from up to 50% down to 5.6%. These novel methods represent the future for thermal parameterisation of lithium-ion batteries which will lead to accurate electrical/electrochemical models and improved thermal safety. Figure 1

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Morais, William Gomes, Emanuele Maria Groiss, Valentina La Valle, and Edoardo Gino Macchi. "Electrochemical Characterization of Stable Cu(II)/Cu(I) Electrolytes for Redox Flow Battery." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 8 (December 22, 2023): 3338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0283338mtgabs.

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The path to reach carbon neutrality cannot be paved without further development of long life and low-cost batteries, considering also cyclability, calendar life, and round-trip efficiency. In this context, Redox Flow Batteries (RFB) have gathered researchers’ attention as possible candidates to play a major role in the incoming of the next generation batteries. Their unique capability to decouple power and energy makes possible of have flexible modular design and operation, along with outstanding scalability, plus moderate maintenance costs and long-life cycling. [1] Although vanadium based redox flow batteries (VRFB) have been the most studied and commercialized RFB system, in the past years concern has been raised due to vanadium toxicity, low availability and high costs. On the other hand, copper redox flow batteries (CuRFB) have the possibility of using different membranes than expensive perfluorinated ones, furthermore, copper has more competitive costs and a well-consolidated value chain in Europe when compared to vanadium. [2] In this study, the effect of the copper-chloride complexes used to stabilize electrolytes for CuRFB was investigated, as well as the influence of secondary cations from the supporting electrolyte, e.g., Ca2+, K+, H+. Different solutions with Cu:Cl ratio varying from 1:4 to 1:9 were characterized by physical-chemical and electrochemical methods. It was observed that the chloride complexation efficiently stabilized cuprous cations, at room temperature (Figure 1), avoiding metal Cu to be formed. Obtained diffusion coefficients (D0 ) for Cu2+ and Cu+ showed that mobility of the species is influenced by the concentration of the copper itself, and also by Cl- and the secondary cation concentration. Solutions with 2M of Cu2+ shown higher values of D0 compared to 1M, though with reduced reversibility. Highly concentrated CaCl2 solutions, 1 to 4 M, were used as Cl- is required to form stable [CuClx]2-x complexes, however high Ca2+ concentration might compete with copper species to form [CaClx]2-x, which limits the availability of complexing ligand for Cu+. [3] HCl was then used as additive to enhance the conductivity of the solution while it allows to reduce the CaCl2 concentration by keeping the same molar proportion. Plus, it promoted higher mobility of copper species, with and values about ten times higher than without acid. Finally, further discussions will be conducted with the aid of electrochemical parameters such as kinetic and exchange currents, along with the heterogenous rate constant and the Nicholson parameter, besides conductivity and viscosity of the solutions, to evaluate ligand composition effect on the Cu2+/Cu+ reaction kinetics and overall battery performance. Acknowledgements This work is funded by the Italian Ministry of Enterprises and Made in Italy in the framework of the Important Project of Common European Interest (IPCEI) European Battery Innovation (project IPCEI Batterie 2 - CUP: B62C22000010001). The IPCEI European Battery Innovation is also funded by public authorities from Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Poland, Slovakia, Spain and Sweden. References [1] E. Sánchez-Díez, E. Ventosa, M. Guarnieri, A. Trovò, C. Flox, R. Marcilla, F. Soavi, P. Mazur, E. Aranzabe, R. Ferret, Redox flow batteries: Status and perspective towards sustainable stationary energy storage, J Power Sources. 481 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228804. [2] G. Lacarbonara, L. Faggiano, S. Porcu, P.C. Ricci, S. Rapino, D.P. Casey, J.F. Rohan, C. Arbizzani, Copper chloro-complexes concentrated solutions: An electrochemical study, Batteries. 7 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries7040083. [3] L. Sanz, D. Lloyd, E. Magdalena, J. Palma, M. Anderson, K. Kontturi, Study and characterization of positive electrolytes for application in the aqueous all-copper redox flow battery, J Power Sources. 278 (2015) 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.12.034. Figure 1

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Pang, Da-Chen, and Chih-Ting Wang. "A Wireless-Driven, Micro, Axial-Flux, Single-Phase Switched Reluctance Motor." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 16, 2018): 2772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102772.

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This study proposes a novel, axial-flux, single-phase switched reluctance motor for micro machines with wireless-driven capability. The rotor and stator each have two poles, and the stator utilizes two permanent magnets to provide the required parking position and rotational torque. By reducing the number of magnetic poles and coils in the stator, and by utilizing a cylindrical design for its stator components, the micro motor is able to be easily manufactured and assembled. Safety and convenience are also achieved through the use of a wireless drive, which negates the need for power connections or batteries. This study utilizes the topology method in rotor design to reduce excessive torque ripple. For this study, an actual micro, axial-flux, single-phase switched reluctance motor with a diameter of 5.5 mm and length of 4.4 mm was built in combination with a wireless charging module and motor circuitry found on the market. With an induced current of 0.7 A, the motor achieved a maximum of 900 rpm, indicating possible applications with respect to toys, micro-pumps, dosing pumps, and vessels for gases, liquids, or vacuum that do not require feedthrough.

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Liu, Ying, Fang Fu, Chen Sun, Aotian Zhang, Hong Teng, Liqun Sun, and Haiming Xie. "Enabling Stable Interphases via In Situ Two-Step Synthetic Bilayer Polymer Electrolyte for Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries." Inorganics 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10040042.

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Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based electrolyte is considered to be one of the most promising polymer electrolytes for lithium metal batteries. However, a narrow electrochemical stability window and poor compatibility at electrode-electrolyte interfaces restrict the applications of PEO-based electrolyte. An in situ synthetic double-layer polymer electrolyte (DLPE) with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) layer and PEO layer was designed to achieve a stable interface and application in high-energy-density batteries. In this special design, the hydroxy group of PEO-SPE can form an O-H---N hydrogen bond with the cyano group in PAN-SPE, which connects the two layers of DLPE at a microscopic chemical level. A special Li+ conducting mechanism in DLPE provides a uniform Li+ flux and fast Li+ conduction, which achieves a stable electrolyte/electrode interface.LiFePO4/DLPE/Li battery shows superior cycling stability, and the coulombic efficiency remains 99.5% at 0.2 C. Meanwhile, LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2/DLPE/Li battery shows high specific discharge capacity of 176.0 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C between 2.8 V to 4.3 V, and the coulombic efficiency remains 95% after 100 cycles. This in situ synthetic strategy represents a big step forward in addressing the interface issues and boosting the development of high-energy-density lithium-metal batteries.

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Sheryazov, Saken Koishibaevich, Olga Anatolievna Guseva, Aleksey Sergeevich Chigak, and Arsen Khalitovich Doskenov. "Improving the methodology for determining the main parameters of solar batteries." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 6 (June 26, 2023): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp156-162.

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The article cites the need for a reliable and economical power supply to rural consumers. At the same time, it is important to develop distributed generation, including on the basis of renewable sources, using solar and wind energy to reduce costs. The necessity of choosing solar panels with optimal parameters, taking into account the influence of external factors, is shown. To determine the actual generated power of solar batteries, the concept of "power loss during the conversion of the solar radiation flux into electrical power" is introduced. It has been established that insufficient studies of the regime parameters of photocells, in particular, the temperature of its heating and the corresponding change in efficiency, taking into account external factors, do not allow choosing a module with effective power. To study the parameters of solar batteries, an equivalent circuit and methods for determining its parameters are presented. The established dependence of the excess of the SM temperature over the ambient temperature on the power of solar radiation is presented, which formed the basis of an improved method for determining the parameters of solar batteries. The presented results of the study allow at the design stages to determine the expected power of a solar photovoltaic installation and choose its optimal parameters.

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Fung, Kuan-Zong, Shu-Yi Tsai, and I.-Chun Liu. "Conduction/Densification Enhancement of Na_1+XZr₂Si _x P_3-XO₁₂ Nasicon Solid Electrolyte for Solid-State Na Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 4 (December 22, 2023): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-024767mtgabs.

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Due to the better safety feature, replacing organic liquid electrolyte with ceramic solid electrolytes (SE) may effectively suppress the fire incidents caused by conventional rechargeable batteries. Recently, solid-state batteries using Na+ ion conductors tend to receive much attention because the abundance of Na in earth’s crust. However, solid-state batteries (SSBs) have been suffered by the relatively high interface polarization between electrode and SE. For higher Na+ conductivity, Na1+x Zr2Si x P3-x O12 with NASICON (Na Super Ionic Conductor) structure is selected for this study. Although solid state reaction is adopted, it is believed the selection of precursors may be critical for better crystallization and densification of Na1+x Zr2Si x P3-x O12. For instance, adequate amount of Na2CO3 may be used as the Na source as well as flux for densification. Thus, the objectives of this study is to (1) to identify the role of precursors such as Na2CO3 for conduction/densification of NASICON, (2) to search the appropriate temperature for synthesis/crystallization of NASICON, (3) to investigate the factors, such as crystallinity/density, affecting the ionic conductivity. During the different stages of processing, the structural, microstructural and electrical properties of decomposed precursors and resultant NASICON will be examined using XRD, SEM and DC/AC impedance measurements.

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Boragno, Corrado, Orazio Aiello, and Daniele D. Caviglia. "Monitoring the Air Quality in an HVAC System via an Energy Harvesting Device." Sensors 23, no. 14 (July 13, 2023): 6381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146381.

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The energy consumption of a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system represents a large amount of the total for a commercial or civic building. In order to optimize the system performance and to increase the comfort of people living or working in a building, it is necessary to monitor the relevant parameters of the circulating air flux. To this end, an array of sensors (i.e., temperature, humidity, and CO2 percentage sensors) is usually deployed along the aeraulic ducts and/or in various rooms. Generally, these sensors are powered by wires or batteries, but both methods have some drawbacks. In this paper, a possible solution to these drawbacks is proposed. It presents a wireless sensor node powered by an Energy Harvesting (EH) device acted on by the air flux itself. The collected data are transmitted to a central unit via a LoRa radio channel. The EH device can be placed in air ducts or close to air outlets.

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Ju, Jintao, Peng Xu, Shuqing Li, Tong Xu, Fangming Ju, and Jiahui Du. "Design and Optimization Method with Independent Radial and Axial Capacity for 3-DOF Magnetic Bearings in Flywheel." Energies 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010483.

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The six-pole radial–axial hybrid magnetic bearing (RAHMB) has the advantages of small space and low power consumption, making it suitable for flywheel batteries. The bearing capacity and the volume are the main specifications of magnetic bearings that should be considered comprehensively. In this work, the six-pole RAHMB was used in a horizontal flywheel battery. As the axial bearing capacity is relatively smaller than the radial bearing capacity, a design method with independent radial and axial bearing capacity is proposed, and the parameters are optimized to minimize the volume. The mathematical model of six-pole RAHMB was derived from the equivalent magnetic circuit method. The relationships between bearing capacity, biased flux density, saturation flux density and the section area of magnetic poles were analyzed. The basic principle of the design method with independent radial and axial bearing capacity is to determine which five of the variables are preferred. According to the design method, one radial or axial biased flux density should be optimized to minimize the volume, and the genetic algorithm (GA) was adopted to search for the optimal value. The structural parameters were designed based on the optimized value of biased flux density. The total volume of the six-pole RAHMB was reduced by 24%. A 3D finite element (FE) model was built. The analysis results and experimental results show that the proposed design and the optimization method are feasible and valid.

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Larbi, B., M. Hatti, K. Kouzi, and A. Ghadbane. "Axial flux machine with non-slotted torus-ns rotor type. Design and investigate for electric traction." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 6 (October 21, 2023): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2023.6.02.

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Introduction. The drive electric motor is one of the key components in the traction chain of an electric vehicle. Traditional radial flux motors used in electric vehicles, which use permanent magnets or induction motors in an electric field, are experiencing significant development aimed at optimizing their weight and cost. However, it can only go so far, so switching to a completely different type of machine, such as an axial flow, might be a good alternative. The novelty to this item is an axial flux permanent magnet motorization with non-slotted TORUS-NS rotor (single interior stator with two external rotors North-South) type housed in the wheel of the vehicle; this allows power to pass directly from the motor to the wheel, increasing the efficiency of the motor. System complexity is also less, as the transmission, differentials and driveshaft are eliminated. Purpose is to equip the electric car and choose the motor adapted to the application and the available space. The smaller size and weight allows for a lighter vehicle and more batteries, thus increasing range. The focus on customization is because vehicle performance is so dependent on the quality of the vehicle architecture , battery pack and axial flux motor design. The results obtained are in good agreement of accuracy, in particular the flux density at the air gap. The investigation is carried out by the finite element method. Machine model was run on Maxwell 16.0 business code.

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Hussain, Essam, Mohammad Abusara, and Suleiman Sharkh. "Design Optimisation of a Current-Fed Solid-State Transformer for MV Grid-Connected Applications." Energies 14, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 3283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113283.

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For integrating large batteries in the medium voltage grid, current fed solid-state transformers offer galvanic isolation and a significant weight and size reduction. While the power losses increase with frequency and flux density, the core volume is contrariwise. Therefore, a design optimisation to achieve minimum losses and/or a minimum volume is essential. An optimisation strategy is proposed in this paper to find the optimum operating frequency and core flux density under certain practical constraints such as winding voltage per turn, clearance between transformer windings, saturation flux density and minimum efficiency. Differently from previous works, the proposed strategy provides a holistic approach for the design considering all main power losses from all main components using nonsinusoidal voltage waveforms and different operating conditions. Analytical equations for the power losses calculation and the cores design are derived and validated using ANSYS and MATLAB Simulink software packages. Simulation results of the power loss calculation under different operating frequencies and duty cycles are presented and compared with the analytical results. A case study for designing a 1.0 MW, 0.6/18 kV current fed solid-state transformer is presented. The results of two optimisation objectives, minimum power losses or minimum total cores housing volume are also shown.

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Then, Joshua, Ashish P. Agalgaonkar, Farzad Safaei, and Kashem M. Muttaqi. "Design and Analysis of a Linear Electric Generator for Harvesting Vibration Energy." Energies 17, no. 7 (April 3, 2024): 1715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17071715.

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This paper provides a proof of concept for a linear electric generator that can be used to harvest energy from various sources of linear motion, such as vibrations, free-piston engines and wave energy. The generator can be used to power small electronic devices, such as sensors, or charge household batteries. The literature was reviewed to develop an understanding about the applications, control methods, excitation methods and mechanics of rotating and linear electric machines. A bidirectional, two-sided linear machine was designed with two stator cores and a single mover core. The stator windings and mover winding can be independently excited, allowing for three modes: no mover excitation, a DC excited mover, and an AC excited mover. Simulation results showed that the magnetic flux generated by DC excited stator cores were concentrated in the centre of the mover core. The use of two stator cores eliminates lateral flux in the mover core when it is not excited, minimising attraction and repulsion forces. Parametric analysis showed that flux cutting occurred in all operation modes, verifying that the generator will produce power when operating. Hardware tests produced an output current when the machine was electrically and mechanically excited, verifying the proposed design.

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Zhu, Jie, Junchao Zheng, Guolin Cao, Yunjiao Li, Yuan Zhou, Shiyi Deng, and Chunxi Hai. "Flux-free synthesis of single-crystal LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 boosts its electrochemical performance in lithium batteries." Journal of Power Sources 464 (July 2020): 228207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228207.

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Liang, Xin, Dongqing Zhao, Lulu Wang, Qianqian Huang, Chonghai Deng, Lili Wang, Lei Hu, Sheng Liang, Huaxia Deng, and Hongfa Xiang. "C60 and ZIF-67 synergistically modified gelatin-based nanofibrous separators for Li-S batteries." Energy Materials 3, no. 1 (2023): 300006. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2022.63.

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The lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery has been attracting much more attention in recent years due to its high theoretical capacity and low cost, although various issues, such as the “shuttle effect” and the low use ratio of active materials, have been hindering the development and application of Li-S batteries. The separator is an important part of Li-S batteries, and its modification is a simple and effective strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries. In this work, we explore separators with different functions on their two sides that have been produced by a step-by-step electrospinning method. The multifunctional separator on one side is pure gelatin, and the other side is zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67)-C60-gelatin. The ZIF-67-C60-gelatin layer on the cathode side is of great importance. The chemisorption sites on it are provided by ZIF-67, and the transformation sites of lithium polysulfide are provided by C60. Gelatin, which is on the anode side, as an admirable separator material, makes the lithium flux uniform and thus prevents the generation of lithium dendrites. This type of multifunctional nanofiber separator based on double gelatin layers plays an important role in the adsorption and conversion of polysulfides, and it improves the overall performance of the Li-S battery. As a result, the Li-S batteries assembled with the prepared separator can still maintain the capacity of 888 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at 0.2 C, and the capacity retention rate of the Li-S batteries is 72.9% after 400 cycles at 2 C. This simple preparation method and high-performance bilayer membrane structure provide a new route for commercial application.

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Kurita, Nobuyuki, Takeo Ishikawa, and Yohji Okada. "Development of Lorentz Force Type Magnetic Bearing." Materials Science Forum 670 (December 2010): 455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.670.455.

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Lead batteries are used mainly for energy storage. However they are using chemicals and heavy materials, which will affect to environment badly. Therefore, clean energy storage systems are under development using magnetic bearing. However, the eddy current causes serious rotational loss for energy storage flywheel. Therefore, Lorentz force type magnetic bearing is proposed. The rotating loss is expected to be negligible due to the constant flux in the airgap. To confirm the operation of proposed magnetic bearing, an experimental setup is fabricated and basic characteristics are tested. The rotor flywheel could run-up to 3000 min-1 with 0.65 mm maximum amplitude.

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Ananth, D. V. N., and G. V. Nagesh Kumar. "Low Voltage Ride-through for Doubly Fed Induction Generator Using Battery-Storage System." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i2.pp481-497.

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In this paper, enhanced field oriented control technique (EFOC) was adopted in Rotor Side Control (RSC) of DFIG converter for improved response during severe faults. The work is intended to damp pulsations in electromagnetic torque, improve voltage mitigation and limit surge currents and to enhance the operation of DFIG during voltage sags. The converter topology uses a battery energy storage system with capacitor storage system to further enhance operation of DFIG during faults. The battery and capacitor system in coordination provide additional real and reactive power support during faults and nearly constant voltage profile at stator and rotor terminals and limit overcurrents. For EFOC technique, rotor flux reference changes its value from synchronous speed to zero during fault for injecting current at the rotor slip frequency. In this process DC-Offset component of flux is controlled, decomposition during overvoltage faults. The offset decomposition of flux will be oscillatory in a conventional FOC, whereas in EFOC it will damp quickly. A comparison is made with proposed methodology with battery energy storage system and a conventional system. Later the system performance with under voltage of 50% the rated voltage with fault at PCC during 0.8 to 1.2 seconds is analysed using simulation studies.

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Zhu, Minghao, Jiajie Yao, Feiyu Qian, Weiyi Luo, Yin Chen, Luyao Zhao, and Mingyi Chen. "Study on Thermal Runaway Propagation Characteristics of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Pack under Different SOCs." Electronics 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010200.

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Thermal runaway (TR) of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has always been the most important problem for battery development, and the TR characteristics of large LIBs need more research. In this paper, the thermal runaway propagation (TRP) characteristics and TR behavior changes of three lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries (numbered 1 to 3) under different states of charge (SOCs) were studied. The main parameters discussed include temperature, temperature rise rate, mass, mass change rate, and TRP flue gas ejection behavior. The experimental results indicate that with the increase in SOC, the TRP behavior of the battery is more obvious. The higher the temperature, more blocked temperature rise rate, mass loss rate, and greater mass loss, the shorter the TRP time that can be observed. The TRP interval of 100% SOC battery 1 to 2 is 71.4% smaller than that of 50% SOC, while the TRP interval of battery 2 to 3 is reduced by 87.2%. In addition, a 100% SOC battery pack exhibits spark ejection, while 50% SOC and 0% SOC battery pack exhibit flue gas generation.

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M., Vishnu, Anooplal B., and Rajesh Baby. "Experimental exploration of nano-phase change material composites for thermal management in Lithium-ion batteries." Energy Storage and Conversion 2, no. 2 (May 24, 2024): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.59400/esc.v2i2.309.

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The present study reports an experimental investigation carried out for the thermal management of cylindrical lithium-ion battery simulator using aluminium oxide (nano particle)-eicosane (phase change material) composites. The experiment involves varying the power input from 4 to 10 W in 2 W increments and adjusting the weight percentage of nanoparticles (wt %) from 0.5 to 0.9 in 0.2 wt % intervals. The examination of battery temperature evolutions in response to heating power, a comprehensive heat transfer analysis incorporating Nusselt number, determination of maximum temperature difference, thermal resistance analysis, and exploration of temperature variations in the absence of Phase Change Material (PCM) are considered. The results show that increase in weight percentage of alumina nanoparticles in phase change material cannot always improve the thermal performance. The results of the present study give a guideline for designing battery thermal management system. The power levels used in the experiment vary from 4 W to 10 W in steps of 2 W. For a power level of 4 W, the heat flux is 1.088 kW/m2, and for a power level of 10 W, the heat flux is 2.72 kW/m2.

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Gu, Qinfen, Helen Brand, and Justin Kimpton. "Battery research using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314090482.

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Research and development of rechargeable batteries is critical to meet the worldwide demand for clean and sustainable energy collection and storage. A vital part of this research is to get clear understanding of how the crystal structures of electrode materials affect the the resulting properties of the batteries. As structural changes in both the anode and cathode materials play an important role in overall battery performance, synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), with high beam flux and resolution, is an extremely useful tool for studying the battery both in-situ and ex-situ. Several simple in-situ cell designs have been designed for synchrotron PXRD measurement. The cell is available for researchers in the field of battery research. The effectiveness and simplicity of the cell design have been demonstrated at Powder Diffraction Beamline at Australian Synchrotron for several user groups. Case studies of analysis of the lithium insertion reaction for Li0.18Sr0.66Ti0.5Nb0.5O3 defect perovskite [1], crystal structure of Li4Ti5O12–xBrx electrode material [2] and LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) as a new synthesized cathode material [3] will be discussed, respectively.

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Shishino, Kazuyuki, Tetsuya Yamada, Fumitaka Hayashi, Chiaki Terashima, and Katsuya Teshima. "Flux Growth and Surface Modification of Highly-Crystalline Active Materials and Solid Electrolytes for High Performance Libs." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 2 (December 22, 2023): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-022333mtgabs.

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Materials for energy devices are often multicomponent with a number of interfaces and heterojunctions. In particular, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been studied extensively because of their potential use as power sources. Recently, there has been a particular focus on all-solid-state LIBs (and high-performance LIBs). They have attracted considerable attention due to their high energy densities, which are the result of device miniaturization, and high safety due to their non-flammability. However, there is an extremely large innovation gap between general purpose LIBs and all-solid-state LIBs due to difficulties in the smooth transfer of lithium ions, i.e., the diffusion of lithium ions and electrons are disturbed at the interfaces of different solid materials. Therefore, we have tried to control and design their interfaces between active materials and solid electrolytes and fabricate materials for all-solid-state LIBs based on crystal science and engineering. Our research group has developed flux crystal growth and its extended methods for the preparation of high crystalline materials. Flux method is a liquid phase crystal growth in which idiomorphic highly crystalline particles can be obtained below the melting point of the target. Therefore, outmost crystal planes are tuned by our techniques where they have desired various ion and electron paths (i.e., hyper-spaces). In addition, the grown crystals are expected to have high crystallinity because diffusion and rearrangement of atoms easily occurred compared to conventional particle fabrication methods. Recently, we have developed a flux method to fabricate crystal layers on various substrates, which is called "flux coating method". For example, the target LIB-based materials are cathode active materials such as LCO, LNM, NCM, LFP and so on, anode active materials such as LTO, TNO and the related materials, and solid electrolytes such as LLZ, LLT, LLN, etc. and their crystal layers. Furthermore, their surface conditions are precisely controlled in our laboratory. Details on material design and hyperspace control of flux-grown crystalline particles and crystal layers via flux-related techniques will be reported at the 244th ECS Meeting.

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Jia, Hao, Chao Zeng, Hyung‐Seok Lim, Ashley Simmons, Yuepeng Zhang, Marc H. Weber, Mark H. Engelhard, et al. "Important Role of Ion Flux Regulated by Separators in Lithium Metal Batteries." Advanced Materials, December 25, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202311312.

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AbstractPolyolefin separators are the most common separators used in rechargeable lithium (Li)‐ion batteries. However, the influence of different polyolefin separators on the performance of Li metal batteries (LMBs) has not been well studied. By performing particle injection simulations on the reconstructed three‐dimensional pores of different polyolefin separators, it was revealed that the pore structure of the separator had a significant impact on the ion flux distribution, the Li deposition behavior and consequently, the cycle life of LMBs. It was also discovered that the homogeneity factor of Li ion toward Li metal electrode was positively correlated to the longevity and reproducibility of LMBs. This work not only emphasizes the importance of pore structure of polyolefin separators, but also provides an economic and effective method to screen favorable separators for LMBs.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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