Academic literature on the topic 'Batteria a flusso'
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Journal articles on the topic "Batteria a flusso"
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Kosyrczyk, Ludwik, Slawomir Stelmach, Krzysztof Gaska, Agnieszka Generowicz, Natalia Iwaszczuk, and Dariusz Kardaś. "Optimization of Thermal Parameters of the Coke Oven Battery by Modified Methodology of Temperature Measurement in Heating Flues as the Management Tool in the Cokemaking Industry." Energies 14, no. 4 (2021): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040904.
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Coke production is still of great economic importance due to its crucial role in the steel production process. The reliability of the operation of coke oven batteries depends on the maintenance of good technical condition of their ceramic massif, which in turn requires ensuring proper operation of the heating system and maintaining temperature stability in the heating flues. Regularly performed temperature measurements in heating flues due to the size of the battery and the dynamics of accompanying processes do not reflect the actual thermal state of the object at a given time. Corrections commonly introduced to the results of temperature measurements in heating flues, taking into account so-called reversion, significantly improve the accuracy of the obtained measurement results. However, still the interpretation of the results of temperature measurements in the coke oven battery heating flues does not take into account its changes during the coking cycle, even though they reach up to 60 K. The article discusses the usability of the introduction of a new, additional correction to the temperature measured in the heating flues enabling a more precise assessment of the current thermal state of the coke oven battery. The use of the method will allow for reduction of the fuel gas consumption and limitation of emissions resulting from its combustion and can be used as an effective tool for decision making.
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Düerkop, Dennis, Hartmut Widdecke, Carsten Schilde, Ulrich Kunz, and Achim Schmiemann. "Polymer Membranes for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: A Review." Membranes 11, no. 3 (2021): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11030214.
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Redox flow batteries such as the all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) are a technical solution for storing fluctuating renewable energies on a large scale. The optimization of cells regarding performance, cycle stability as well as cost reduction are the main areas of research which aim to enable more environmentally friendly energy conversion, especially for stationary applications. As a critical component of the electrochemical cell, the membrane influences battery performance, cycle stability, initial investment and maintenance costs. This review provides an overview about flow-battery targeted membranes in the past years (1995–2020). More than 200 membrane samples are sorted into fluoro-carbons, hydro-carbons or N-heterocycles according to the basic polymer used. Furthermore, the common description in membrane technology regarding the membrane structure is applied, whereby the samples are categorized as dense homogeneous, dense heterogeneous, symmetrical or asymmetrically porous. Moreover, these properties as well as the efficiencies achieved from VRFB cycling tests are discussed, e.g., membrane samples of fluoro-carbons, hydro-carbons and N-heterocycles as a function of current density. Membrane properties taken into consideration include membrane thickness, ion-exchange capacity, water uptake and vanadium-ion diffusion. The data on cycle stability and costs of commercial membranes, as well as membrane developments, are compared. Overall, this investigation shows that dense anion-exchange membranes (AEM) and N-heterocycle-based membranes, especially poly(benzimidazole) (PBI) membranes, are suitable for VRFB requiring low self-discharge. Symmetric and asymmetric porous membranes, as well as cation-exchange membranes (CEM) enable VRFB operation at high current densities. Amphoteric ion-exchange membranes (AIEM) and dense heterogeneous CEM are the choice for operation mode with the highest energy efficiency.
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Ranom, Rahifa, Risna Syakinah Bacho, and Saidatul Nur Aisyahtun Sakinah Ahmad Jamal. "The effect of electrolyte parameter variation upon the performance of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4)." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, no. 1 (2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i1.pp58-66.
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This study focuses on the effect of electrolyte parameter variation upon the performance of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) due to high demand of the electronic devices among consumers and industrial sectors that require efficicent LiFePO4 batteries. Hence, it is essential to improve its performance by optimizing the electrolyte parameter of the cell. The mathematical models of lithium-ion batteries based on the drift-diffusion model consists of the electrolyte and lithium transport equations in the electrode particles which incorporated the geometry of cell microstructure to the coefficients in the macroscopic model was solved numerically using the method of lines (MOL) technique. The effect of electrolyte parameter variation on the discharge curve of LiFePO4 using lithium hexa-fluoro-phosphate (LiPF6 ) as the base electrolyte is examined by varying the electrolyte parameters: initial concentration of lithium ions (c0), the effective diffusivity of lithium ions (D) and the effective ionic conductivity (𝜅). The simulations show that higher diffusivity of lithium ions produces large discharge curve and higher ionic conductivity increase the mobility of the ion in the cell. Meanwhile, higher initial concentration of lithium ions produced high battery performance compared to lower initial concentration of lithium ion resulting more discharge time before electrolyte depletion occurs.
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Gao, Haining, Kosuke Yoshinaga, Timothy M. Swager, and Betar M. Gallant. "Perfluoroalkylated Catholyte Harnessing Multiple Fluoride Bond Breaking for Lithium Primary Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 7 (2022): 2491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0272491mtgabs.
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Lithium primary batteries, with theoretical energy densities 3x higher than the rechargeable systems, are critical for applications where recharging is impossible or impractical, such as medical implants, unmanned vehicles, and remote monitoring. The current energy leader among commercial primaries is the Li−carbon monofluoride (CFx) battery, which has the highest theoretical energy density (2180 Wh/kgCFx) and up to 800 Wh/kg achieved in packaged cells. The solid CFx (0 < x ≤ 1.3) particles enable excellent safety and shelf stability, but also result in limited rate capability due to low electronic conductivity. Unfortunately, despite the increasing demand for high-energy Li primaries, the field is maturing with few fundamental innovations in cell chemistries in the past 40 years. To design battery chemistries that can surpass the energy of Li−CFx cell, herein, we examined the possibility to conduct multi-electron carbon reduction in high F content perfluoroalkyl groups (RF = −CnF2n+1, with F/C ratios of x>2) using liquid phase reactants. First, using liquid perfluoroalkyl iodides (CFI) as a model system, we investigated the governing factors for C−F bond redox, including supporting solvent viscosity, CFI chain length and concentration, discharge rate, and temperature. Up to 8 e− transfer per CFI (>1.3 e− per C, or 8/13 available F) is achievable with low reactant concentrations (0.1 M) and rates (20 μA/cm2). CFI catholyte sees challenges at high reactant concentrations and/or rates, as premature cell termination caused by deactivation of intermediates was observed. Therefore, to address this issue, we examined multiple handles in molecular structure to further tune the C−F bond activity. By replacing the I-ligand in CFI with an aromatic structure, the obtained fluoro-aromatics demonstrate close-to-full defluorination of RF group, yielding up to 15 e− (out of 17 available F) transfer per molecule, and attractive gravimetric energies of up to 1785 Wh/kgfluoro-aromatic, at high potentials (up to 2.6 V vs. Li/Li+) and concentrations (up to 1 M). Additionally, the voltage compatibility of the fluoro-aromatics with CFx enabled the hybridization of the catholyte and solid cathode in one cell. The hybrid cells provide opportunity to maximize the active material loading at cell-level, showing strong potential to further improve the energy densities over existing battery systems.
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Gelman, D., B. Shvartsev, and Y. Ein-Eli. "Aluminum–air battery based on an ionic liquid electrolyte." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 47 (2014): 20237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta04721d.
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This study presents a novel non-aqueous Al–air battery utilizing 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium oligo-fluoro-hydrogenate room temperature ionic liquid. The Al–air-RTIL system can sustain current densities up to 1.5 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, producing capacities above 140 mA h cm<sup>−2</sup>, thus utilizing above 70% of the theoretical Al capacity.
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Sun, Xiao-Guang, Shun Wan, Hong Yu Guang, et al. "New promising lithium malonatoborate salts for high voltage lithium ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 3 (2017): 1233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta07757a.
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Three new lithium salts, lithium difluoro-2-methyl-2-fluoromalonaoborate, lithium difluoro-2-ethyl-2-fluoromalonaoborate, and lithium difluoro-2-propyl-2-fluoro malonaoborate exhibit good cycling stability with high coulombic efficiencies in LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and graphite based half-cells and full cells.
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Rajagopalan, Ranjusha, Zhenguo Wu, Yumei Liu, et al. "A novel high voltage battery cathodes of Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ sodium fluoro sulfate lined with carbon nanotubes for stable sodium batteries." Journal of Power Sources 398 (September 2018): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.07.066.
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Menzel, Jennifer, Hannah Schultz, Vadim Kraft, Juan Pablo Badillo, Martin Winter, and Sascha Nowak. "Quantification of ionic organo(fluoro)phosphates in decomposed lithium battery electrolytes." RSC Advances 7, no. 62 (2017): 39314–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra07486g.
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Wang, De-Gao, Nuo Li, Yiming Hu, et al. "Highly Fluoro-Substituted Covalent Organic Framework and Its Application in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, no. 49 (2018): 42233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b14213.
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Lipunov, P. V., Ch Bhattacharya, S. Mashyal, and V. Chouurasia. "Cleaning the inclined flues in coke batteries with bottom heating-gas supply." Coke and Chemistry 59, no. 10 (2016): 380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x16100045.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Batteria a flusso"
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FACCHINETTI, IRENE. "Thermally Regenerable Redox-Flow Batteries." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/308694.
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Il calore a bassa temperatura (LTH), inferiore a 100°C, è una forma di energia largamente disponibile che viene dispersa nell’ambiente, senza alcun utilizzo. La conversione di questo tipo di energia in elettricità aprirebbe le porte allo sfruttamento di fonti energetiche come il calore solare, geotermico e di scarto industriale.
La conversione di LTH in elettricità non è però un processo efficiente a causa dei limiti posti dalla termodinamica, con la cosiddetta legge di Carnot, oltre che ai limiti tecnologici che riducono ulteriormente la conversione di questa forma di energia.
I dispositivi preposti per convertire LTH in elettricità devono poter operare con alte efficienze e potenze, e devono essere facilmente scalabili ed economici. Purtroppo, attualmente nessun dispositivo è in grado di effettuare questa conversione con potenze ed efficienze abbastanza elevate da giustificare gli alti costi (materiali, operazionali e manutenzione) e la complessità dei dispositivi stessi ed è per questo motivo che LTH non trova tutt’ora alcuna applicazione
Questo progetto di ricerca si è focalizzato sullo sviluppo di un dispositivo in grado di convertire LTH in maniera efficiente e con alte potenze. Tale dispositivo, chiamato Thermally Regnerable Redox-Flow Battery, TRB, è una batteria a flusso ricaricabile termicamente. Il dispositivo conta due diverse processi: la produzione energetica, che avviene in una cella elettrochimica in grado di produrre elettricità alle spese dell’energia libera di mescolamento di due soluzioni acquose dello stesso sale ma a diversa concentrazione. Quando le due soluzioni raggiungono la stessa concentrazione, la soluzione esausta viene mandata al secondo processo: un distillatore sottovuoto che rigenera il gradiente di concentrazione tra le due soluzioni sfruttando risorse di LTH. L’efficienza totale del dispositivo è quindi data dal prodotto tra l’efficienza della cella elettrochimica e l’efficienza del distillatore.
Studi termodinamici dimostrano che per incrementare tale efficienza è fondamentale lavorare sull’efficienza del distillatore, il cui valore dipende dalla scelta del soluto e del solvente. In particolare, per questo lavoro di ricerca si è scelto di operare con soluzioni acquose di NaI/I2 e LiBr/Br2.
I risultati raggiunti e le principali attività di ricerca vengono riportate brevemente in questo abstract:
Con la determinazione dei coefficienti di attività, si è calcolato l’energia libera di mescolamento e il potenziale a circuito aperto per entrambi i set di soluzioni (NaI e LiBr).
Le celle elettrochimiche sono state sviluppate specificamente per entrambi I sistemi studiati e test elettrochimici hanno permesso di valutare le performance dei due dispositivi, come potenza ed efficienza elettrochimica. La distillazione è stata modellizzata in modo da definire le condizioni ottimali di lavoro e determinare l’efficienza del processo.<br>Low-Temperature Heat (LTH), below of 100°C, has elicited great interest among the scientific community, as a source of energy since it does not see any form of utilization as it is currently simply released into the environment. Its conversion would open the doors to the exploitation of a huge amount of energy as well, such as geothermal, solar, and industrial waste heat.
The conversion efficiencies of LTH are low because of the limitations imposed by Carnot law, as well as the existence of technological limits which further reduce the efficiency of the conversion of LTH.
In order to be suitable for extensive industrial production, LTH converters should show high power densities, scalable and efficient whilst being cost-effective; to this point, the devices proposed for this afore mentioned application all failed to achieve suitable efficiencies and power density, making the LTH conversion unfeasible.
This PhD project was focused on the design of a device called Thermally Regenerable Redox-Flow Battery (TRB) consisting of a redox-flow battery that can be recharged by a thermal process.
The device is based upon a two-stages technology composed by a “power production” stage and a “thermal” stage: power production happens in an electrochemical cell which release electricity at the expenses of the mixing free energy of two water solutions of the same salt at different concentrations, referred to as a concentration cell. When the two solutions reach the same concentration, the exhausted fluid is sent to the second stage, the thermal process, which regenerates the initial mixing free energy, by exploiting LTH sources, through vacuum distillation. The efficiency of the technology is the product between the efficiencies of the units in the device where both stages happen: the electrochemical cell, engineered for power production, and a distillation unit, designed to be responsible for thermal conversion.
NaI/I2 and LiBr/Br2 water solutions will be the most discussed redox couple in this thesis, as result of thermodynamic analysis that have shown the importance related to the solvent and salt choice to ensure high energy conversion efficiencies.
The achieved results, as well as the main research activities, are briefly reported here:
starting from the determination of the activity coefficients, mixing free energy of the initial solutions, and the open circuit voltage of the electrochemical are calculated.
Electrochemical cells are specifically designed for both systems while electrochemical tests are performed to evaluate the main performances of the devices, such as power density and electrochemical efficiency.
Modeling of the operational conditions of the thermal stage allows to determine the distillation efficiency for both the solutions.
The initial experiments prove an unprecedented heat-to-electricity efficiency for both the systems: 3% for TRB-NaI and 4-5% for TRB based on LiBr, depending on the thickness of the membrane with a power density output of almost 10 W m-2 for both technologies, which opens various possibilities to implement further improvements into this new class of energy storage/converter devices.
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Britz, Anette Beata [Verfasser], and Rolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Hempelmann. "Elektrokatalyse in der Vanadium-Redox-Fluss-Batterie und Kopplung der Redox-Fluss-Batterie mit der Brennstoffzelle / Anette Beata Britz. Betreuer: Rolf Hempelmann." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1081659807/34.
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Mouafo, Zanguim Idriss. "Dimensionamento del Sistema Propulsivo Elettrico Puro di un Velivolo Cessna 172k." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18702/.
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L'industria automobilistica è in anticipo rispetto all'aviazione per quanto riguarda l’applicazione del sistema di propulsione elettrico puro. Anche se esistono similitudini tra i due settori, differenze come intervalli di temperature operative, limiti di peso e requisiti di sicurezza rendono necessario lo studio in modo separato dello spazio di progettazione del sistema di propulsione. Gli strumenti di progettazione degli aeromobili tradizionali, non sono in grado di spiegare e modellare i significativi cambiamenti inerenti agli aeromobili progettati attorno ai sistemi di propulsione elettrica. I sistemi dipendenti dalla batteria, ad esempio, non hanno un significativo cambiamento di peso durante il volo, rendendo inutilizzabili le numerose routine di calcolo delle variazioni del peso dell'aeromobile a causa della riduzione della combustione del carburante. Lo scopo di questa tesi è di analizzare la possibilità di implementare un sistema di propulsione elettrica su un aereo leggero e discutere le questioni che dovrebbero essere ulteriormente modificate, se ce ne sono, affinché le sue prestazioni corrispondano il più fedelmente possibile al modello non modificato. Per poterlo fare, è stata condotta un'approfondita ricerca sullo stato attuale di sviluppo delle tecnologie utilizzate in questo tipo di applicazione, prestando particolare attenzione ai miglioramenti apportati negli ultimi anni vista la relativa novità di questa tecnologia di propulsione. Più precisamente si tratta di modificare o sostituire l’attuale sistema di propulsione convenzionale di un CESSNA 172K con un sistema propulsivo elettrico puro e di valutare i consumi energetici e le prestazioni di volo per una data missione.
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Poli, Federico. "Design of novel redox flow batteries." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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Questo lavoro di tesi partendo da un'analisi bibliografica delle tecnologie di batterie più avanzate allo stato solido e a flusso, sottolinea le potenzialità delle batterie metallo aria in particolare Li/O2 per applicazioni stazionarie e per il veicolo elettrico.
L'ottimizzazione delle prestazioni delle batterie a flusso richiede un'accurata ingegnerizzazione del disegno di cella e studi di fluidodinamica per la valutazione dell'impatto dei flussi sul funzionamento della batteria. Le cadute di pressione attraverso la cella generano, infatti, una perdita di potenza che deve essere minimizzata mediante opportune geometrie di cella.
Lo scopo di questa tesi è la modellizzazione e la valutazione sperimentale delle cadute di pressione attraverso prototipi di laboratorio di celle Li/O2
L’analisi dei disegni di celle a flusso proposte in letteratura ha permesso di realizzare un primo prototipo ottenuto con stampa 3D cha ha evidenziato come un intelligente geometria di cella permetta di ridurre drasticamente le cadute di pressione anche con sistemi viscosi quali gli elettroliti organici utilizzati nelle batterie a più alta energia specifica.
L'integrazione tra simulazioni numeriche e prove elettrochimiche su celle Li/O2 reali ha permesso di proporre il disegno di un terzo prototipo di cella sempre con l'obbiettivo di massimizzare la potenza netta della cella.
Da sottolineare che l'accuratezza della descrizione fluidodinamica nei prototipi virtuali studiati ha avuto conferma dalle misure sperimentali effettuate.
Questa tesi pertanto contribuisce a dimostrare come gli approcci numerici utilizzati siano metodi estremamente potenti per accelerare l'attività di prototipazione di batterie redox a flusso avanzate, in particolare metallo aria, e per portare tali tecnologie a raggiungere valori di energie e potenze specifiche superiori rispetto allo stato dell'arte.
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Bamine-Abdesselam, Tahya. "Etudes combinées par RMN et calculs DFT de (fluoro, oxy)-phosphates de vanadium paramagnétiques pour les batteries Li-ion ou Na-ion." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0607/document.
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Ce travail consiste en l’étude par RMN multinoyaux de matériauxparamagnétiques d’électrodes positives pour batteries Li ou Na-ion. La RMN du solidepermet une caractérisation de l’environnement local du noyau sondé grâce à l’exploitationdes interactions hyperfines dues à la présence d’une certaine densité d’électrons célibataires(déplacement de contact de Fermi) sur ce noyau (densité transférée selon des mécanismesplus ou moins complexes). Les matériaux étudiés sont des fluoro ou oxy phosphates devanadium de formules générales AVPO4X (A= Li ou Na; X = F, OH, ou OF) (structure typeTavorite), et Na3V2(PO4)2F1-xOx. Tous ces matériaux ont été caractérisés par RMN du 7Li ou23Na, 31P et 19F combiné à des calculs DFT, afin de mieux comprendre les structure etstructure électroniques locales. Notamment, ces études nous ont permis de mettre enévidence la présence de défauts dans certains matériaux et donc de discuter leur impact surles propriétés électrochimiques. L’utilisation de la méthode PAW nous a permis de modéliserdes défauts dilués dans des supermaille. Ensuite, l’impact de ces défauts sur la structurelocale a été étudié afin d’envisager les mécanismes de transfert de spin possibles etreproduire leur déplacements de RMN<br>Paramagnetic materials for positive electrodes for Li or Na-ion batteries havebeen studied by multinuclear NMR. The local environment of the probed nucleus can becharacterized by solid state NMR making use of hyperfine interactions due to transfer ofsome electron spin density (Fermi contact shift) on this nucleus, via more or less complexmechanisms. The materials studied are vanadium fluoro or oxy phosphates of generalformulas AVPO4X (A= Li or Na; X = F, OH, or OF) belonging to the Tavorite family and theNa3V2(PO4)2F1-xOx . All these materials have been characterized by 7Li or 23Na, 31P and 19F,combined with DFT calculations to better understand local electronic structures andstructures. In particular, these studies have enabled us to highlight the presence of defects incertain materials and to discuss their impact on the electrochemical properties. The use ofthe PAW method allowed us to model diluted defects in large supercells, to calculate theFermi contact shifts of the surrounding nuclei and to study the mechanisms of electron spintransfer. This allowed us to better understand the nature of defects in materials.For some systems, the mechanisms related to the intercalation or deintercalation of Li+ orNa+ ions have also been studied by NMR
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Hojas, Baenas Jovita Mercedes. "Cadeia de reciclagem das baterias veiculares : estudo da gestão de um fluxo logístico reverso para os pequenos fabricantes /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90786.
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Orientador: Rosani de Castro<br>Banca: Rosane Aparecida Gomes Battistelle<br>Banca: Victor Eduardo Lima Ranieri<br>Resumo: A reciclagem de bateria além de ser prioridade para o meio ambiente é também lucrativa pelas inúmeras aplicações, como, por exemplo, a redução de gasto energia e a economia de matéria prima para novos produtos. A presente pesquisa buscou identificar a cadeia de reciclagem e análise dos fluxos reversos existentes nas indústrias de baterias veiculares. Empregou-se o método de pesquisa exploratória, buscando demonstrar os problemas relacionados ao sistema de gestão operacional e aos impactos ambientais gerado por esse sistema. Com isso, possibilitou descrever os fluxos logísticos reversos das indústrias montadoras e reformadoras, mostrando a problemática referente à reciclagem presente nas pequenas indústrias, devido à montagem da bateria ser semi-artesanal o que torna comprometedor à saúde do trabalhador e ao meio ambiente. Por meio dos resultados alcançados pode-se obter informações para desenvolver uma proposta de gestão de um fluxo logístico reverso, buscando melhorias contínuas para as indústrias de baterias de pequeno porte.<br>Abstract: Besides being a priority for the environment, battery recycling is also profitable due to its countless applications, such as in reducing energy costs and saving raw materials for new products. The goal of this dissertation is to identify and analyze the chain and logistic model reverse the industries of vehicular batteries from the center - west in São Paulo theoretical foundation on the organizational factors of micro and small enterprises, in production and process of manufacture of batteries, a supply chain management and on the proposed sustainability of these companies. The method of study used was an exploratory research, seeking to identify the problems related to environmental management system. Through research, it was possible to describe the reverse logistics models, of which the great issues relating to recycling is on small industries of batteries, the battery assembly due to be semi-craft, which compromises the worker's health and the environment. With the results, has a proposal to establish a model for reverse logistics industries, batteries, small size, with the purpose of the searh for improvements in organizational processes, because of the inadequacy with the management of the chain of recycling.<br>Mestre
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Hojas, Baenas Jovita Mercedes [UNESP]. "Cadeia de reciclagem das baterias veiculares: estudo da gestão de um fluxo logístico reverso para os pequenos fabricantes." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90786.
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hojasbaenas_jm_me_bauru.pdf: 1007042 bytes, checksum: 3bccdb2b35851243fca308d9c9d0a900 (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>A reciclagem de bateria além de ser prioridade para o meio ambiente é também lucrativa pelas inúmeras aplicações, como, por exemplo, a redução de gasto energia e a economia de matéria prima para novos produtos. A presente pesquisa buscou identificar a cadeia de reciclagem e análise dos fluxos reversos existentes nas indústrias de baterias veiculares. Empregou-se o método de pesquisa exploratória, buscando demonstrar os problemas relacionados ao sistema de gestão operacional e aos impactos ambientais gerado por esse sistema. Com isso, possibilitou descrever os fluxos logísticos reversos das indústrias montadoras e reformadoras, mostrando a problemática referente à reciclagem presente nas pequenas indústrias, devido à montagem da bateria ser semi-artesanal o que torna comprometedor à saúde do trabalhador e ao meio ambiente. Por meio dos resultados alcançados pode-se obter informações para desenvolver uma proposta de gestão de um fluxo logístico reverso, buscando melhorias contínuas para as indústrias de baterias de pequeno porte.<br>Besides being a priority for the environment, battery recycling is also profitable due to its countless applications, such as in reducing energy costs and saving raw materials for new products. The goal of this dissertation is to identify and analyze the chain and logistic model reverse the industries of vehicular batteries from the center - west in São Paulo theoretical foundation on the organizational factors of micro and small enterprises, in production and process of manufacture of batteries, a supply chain management and on the proposed sustainability of these companies. The method of study used was an exploratory research, seeking to identify the problems related to environmental management system. Through research, it was possible to describe the reverse logistics models, of which the great issues relating to recycling is on small industries of batteries, the battery assembly due to be semi-craft, which compromises the worker's health and the environment. With the results, has a proposal to establish a model for reverse logistics industries, batteries, small size, with the purpose of the searh for improvements in organizational processes, because of the inadequacy with the management of the chain of recycling.
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Fialho, Luís André Pereira. "Photovoltaic generation with energy storage integrated into the electric grid: modelling, simulation and experimentation." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/25361.
Full textAbstract:
Esta tese apresenta o trabalho e resultados da investigação desenvolvida sobre conversão fotovoltaica com armazenamento de energia integrado em rede elétrica. Começa por apresentar a modelação, simulação e validação da conversão fotovoltaica e inversores com injeção para a rede. Descreve também seguidamente o processo de conceção, construção, comissionamento e desenvolvimento experimental das infraestruturas hoje existentes na Cátedra Energias Renováveis da Universidade de Évora, no que diz respeito às duas microgrids desenvolvidas no âmbito do projeto europeu PVCROPS. Estas microgrids são compostas, de forma geral, por um elemento de produção fotovoltaica, um elemento de armazenamento de energia, uma ligação à rede e um sistema de controlo e datalogging. Relativamente ao armazenamento de energia, esta tese aborda e caracteriza ainda as duas tecnologias instaladas: a bateria de iões de lítio e a bateria de fluxo redox de vanádio. Estas microgrids servem assim para implementação e validação de uma estratégia de gestão de energia tendo como objetivo a maximização do autoconsumo, cujos conteúdos são apresentados no capítulo 4. Depois das conclusões, no último capítulo, apontam-se ainda as linhas de investigação futuras de maior potencial, na sequência do trabalho desenvolvido e apresentado nesta tese; Photovoltaic generation with energy storage integrated into the electric grid: Modelling, simulation and experimentation
Abstract:
This thesis presents the work and results of the research developed on photovoltaic conversion with energy storage integrated into the electric grid. It begins by presenting the modeling, simulation and validation of the photovoltaic conversion and inverters with injection into the electric grid. It also describes the process of design, construction, commissioning and experimental development of the existing infrastructures in the Renewable Energies Chair of the University of Évora, with respect to the two microgrids developed under the European project PVCROPS. These microgrids are generally composed by a photovoltaic production element, an energy storage element, a grid connection and a control and datalogging system. Regarding energy storage, this thesis also discusses and characterizes the two installed technologies: the lithium-ion battery and the redox-flow vanadium battery. These microgrids thus serve to implement and validate an energy management strategy with the objective of maximizing self-consumption, the contents of which are presented in Chapter 4. Following the conclusions, in the last chapter are pointed the future research lines of greater potential, following the work developed and presented in this thesis.
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Fartaria, Tomás de Oliveira. "Advances in integration of photovoltaic power and energy production in practical systems." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/19773.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents advances in integration of photovoltaic (PV) power and energy
in practical systems, such as existing power plants in buildings or directly integrated
in the public electrical grid. It starts by providing an analyze of the current state of
PV power and some of its limitations. The work done in this thesis begins by providing
a model to compute mutual shading in large PV plants, and after provides
a study of the integration of a PV plant in a biogas power plant. The remainder
sections focus on the work done for project PVCROPS, which consisted on the construction
and operation of two prototypes composed of a PV system and a novel
battery connected to a building and to the public electrical grid. These prototypes
were then used to test energy management strategies and validate the suitability
of the two advanced batteries (a lithium-ion battery and a vanadium redox
ow
battery) for households (BIPV) and PV plants. This thesis is divided in 7 chapters:
Chapter 1 provides an introduction to explain and develop the main research questions
studied for this thesis; Chapter 2 presents the development of a ray-tracing
model to compute shading in large PV elds (with or without trackers); Chapter 3
shows the simulation of hybridizing a biogas plant with a PV plant, using biogas as
energy storage; Chapters 4 and 5 present the construction, programming, and initial
operation of both prototypes (Chapter 4), EMS testing oriented to BIPV systems
(Chapter 5). Finally, Chapters 6 provides some future lines of investigation that can
follow this thesis, and Chapter 7 shows a synopsis of the main conclusions of this
work; Resumo:
Avanços na integracão de potência fotovoltaica e
producão de energia em sistemas práticos
Esta tese apresenta avanços na integração de potência e energia fotovoltaica (PV) em
sistemas práticos, tais como centrais existentes ou a rede eléctrica pública. Come ça
por analisar o estado corrente do fotovoltaico no mundo e aborda algumas das suas
limitações. O trabalho feito para esta tese de doutoramento começou pelo desenvolvimento
de um modelo para calcular os sombreamentos que ocorrem em grandes
campos fotovoltaicos, e depois apresenta um estudo sobre a integração um sistema
fotovoltaico em uma central eléctrica a bióg as. As ultimas secções da tese focam-se no
trabalho feito para o projecto PVCROPS, que consistiu na construção e operação
de dois demonstratores, cada um formado por um sistema fotovoltaico e bateria
conectados a um edíficio e a rede eléctrica pública. Estes protótipos foram posteriormente
utilizados para testar estratégias de gestão de energia (EMS) e para
validar a operação de duas baterias avançadas (bateria de Iões de Li tio e bateria de
Fluxo Redox de Van adio) e a sua utiliza ção para habitações e centrais PV. A tese
está dividida em 7 capitulos: O capitulo 1 apresenta uma introdução para explicar e
desenvolver as principais questões que foram investigadas nesta tese; O capitulo 2
mostra o desenvolvimento de um modelo baseado em traçados de raios para calcular
sombreamentos mútuos em grandes centrais PV (com e sem seguidores); O capitulo
3 mostra a simulação da hibridização de uma central electrica a biogas com uma
central PV, e utilizando o biógas como armazenamento de energia. Os capitulos 4 e
5 apresentam a construção, programação e operação inicial dos dois demonstradores
(Capitúlo 4), o teste de EMS orientadas para sistemas PV em habitações (Capítulo 5). Finalmente, o capítulo 6 sugere algumas futuras linhas de investigação que
poderão seguir esta tese, e o Capítulo 7 faz uma sinopse das principais conclusões
deste trabalho.
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Wu, Jian-Hua, and 吳建驊. "The Investigation of Fluoro-Functionlized Benzimidazole Li Salt Electrolyte Additive in Lithium Ion Battery." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41293195676252282908.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>應用科技研究所<br>104<br>LiPF6 is widely used lithium salt, which plays a critical role in initiating electrochemical reaction in lithium ion batteries. However, LiPF6 is usually at several unreasonable surrounding such high T, high V, and high humidity. At high T, the LiPF6 suffers side reaction and forms PF5, which degrades the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and leads the formations of LiF and HF. Due to the Lewis acid basic reaction, benzimidazole-based lithium salt (BZ) is used neutralized the PF5, which side reaction in lithium in battery.
In this study, modified BZ salt additives are successfully synthesized, which is designed with the electron-withdrawing groups. In terms of the results, fluoro-modified BZ salt increases the ability of electrolyte within lithium cathode layer material. Related cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, charge-discharge, and cycle life are investigated.
Our in-situ GC/MS analysis reveals that the fluoro-modified BZ inhibits the gas evolution from Li-rich cathode indication the electron-withdrawing groups is useful for maintain the anodic reaction of electrolyte. These materials are new, first publication for the application of high voltage lithium in battery.
Book chapters on the topic "Batteria a flusso"
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Julien, Christian, Alain Mauger, Ashok Vijh, and Karim Zaghib. "Fluoro-polyanionic Compounds." In Lithium Batteries. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19108-9_8.
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Yamaki, Jun-ichi. "Thermally stable fluoro-organic solvents for lithium ion battery." In Fluorinated Materials for Energy Conversion. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044472-7/50040-0.
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Kosyrczyk, Ludwik, Slawomir Stelmach, Krzysztof Gaska, Agnieszka Generowicz, Natalia Iwaszczuk, and Dariusz Kardaś. "Optimization of Thermal Parameters of the Coke Oven Battery by Modified Methodology of Temperature Measurement in Heating Flues as the Management Tool in the Cokemaking Industry." In Advances in Energy Research. Vide Leaf, Hyderabad, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37247/aderes2edn.2.2021.25.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Batteria a flusso"
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Cotera Rivera, Pablo, and Amy M. Bilton. "The Development and Testing of Pour-Flush Toilet Sensors for Understanding User Interaction in Peri-Urban Households." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-67697.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Rapid worldwide urbanization has created peri-urban environments that often lack services and infrastructure for water and sanitation. Globally, around 4.5 billion people do not have access to safely managed sanitation, as is often the case in such environments. Efforts to develop appropriate sanitation alternatives in these contexts recognize the value of understanding users’ preferences and interaction with their sanitation systems, however, the traditional tools for assessing technology usage and adoption are based on physical observation, which presents limitations. In this work, we developed a toilet sensor to identify usage patterns of pour-flush toilets by quantifying flushing and defecation events. The device has a methane gas sensor, IR distance sensor and a motion sensor connected to a microcontroller. Its small footprint allows for unobtrusive installation inside a toilet bowl and operates battery-powered for about 5 days depending on usage patterns. To evaluate the sensor performance, units were installed for a field trial in nine participants’ households in a Mexican peri-urban community and an algorithm for automated data analysis was developed. Surveys were also conducted to benchmark the sensor performance and determine the potential value of the approach. Results showed that on average people underreported their daily toilet usage by two events compared to the measurements and they flushed only 75% of the time after defecation. By monitoring the usage of the current pour-flush toilets lacking piped water and sewerage and complementing the data with users’ feedback, we can gain an understanding of the existing limitations so more suitable sanitation alternatives can be proposed.
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Han, Hongbiao, Jishun Li, Bing Wang, Dandan Liu, and Yonggang Liu. "Movable Instantaneous Impact Pressure Testing Device." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12693.
Full textAbstract:
A movable instantaneous impact pressure test device is designed and achieved, according to the characteristic of instantaneous impact wave such as acutely variation and large range of pressure, adverse conditions on the spot. A piezoresistive transducer of high-frequency an high pressure is selected and used. MEMS technology is adopted to design and manufacture the sensor that is flush packaged. In addition multi-channel analogue amplified circuit and DSP control core circuit are studied. So the multilevel multiple pressure analogue signals can be achieved. The circuit can take charge of high speed sampling, processing and storing of analogue signal too. Software modifying mode, process parameter and data transmission is also developed. The device has the function of scheduling of timing sample, automatic gain of magnification, automatic detection of the beginning of impact pressure, parameterization of working mode and process etc. It is a practical instrument with battery as power supply, the low power consumption of power supply control mode and the solid mental shell for testing explosion shock wave. Pressure test results indicated accurate pressure waves of instantaneous impact can be got with the instrument.
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Okoronkwo, Leonard Ogbonnia, Stella Okene, and Cory Kohut. "A Redesigned Approach for Production String Paraffin Deposit Removal Using Thermo-Mechanical Technology: The Paraffin Melting Tool." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212046-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Paraffin precipitation and deposition on the internal walls of oil well production string continues to remain an age-long concern for operators especially in mature oilfield regions of the world. Paraffin or wax deposits constitute a major challenge to meeting reservoir production daily target output due to flow restriction along production string. Several options or techniques have been deployed to manage continuous wax deposition including use of hot oil, hot water, scratching and scraping, using of chemicals and even combination techniques. These techniques have yielded different results with some associated concerns ranging from safety, cost to formation damage (permeability impairment). The latest being use of thermochemical fluids to generate in-situ heat and pressure to dissolve wax and flush same from production tubing (Amjed, et al. 2019). However, this combination method presents some challenges including potential completion string corrosion and pipe integrity. This paper will discuss the performance of a field proven thermo-mechanical technique for wax removal. This technique is being currently deployed in Niger-Delta and Gulf-of-Mexico (GoM) regions with excellent results. The thermo-mechanical system utilizes battery packs to generate heat in a heating element, transfers the heat through a patented heat-transfer-fluid to a mechanical cutting head that delivers speedy melting and cutting of deposited wax. The result is a wax-free completion tubing walls.