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Journal articles on the topic 'BaTiO₃'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 September 2024

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1

Fan, Guoliang, Liu Zhao, Cairong Gong, Jia Ma, and Gang Xue. "Effect of Supports on Soot Oxidation of Copper Catalysts: BaTiO3 Versus Fe2O3@BaTiO3 Core/Shell Microsphere." Nano 11, no. 01 (January 2016): 1650010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292016500107.

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Copper catalysts prepared using two kinds of supports (BaTiO3 and Fe2O3@BaTiO[Formula: see text] have been tested for soot combustion. Perovskite-type oxide BaTiO3 shows excellent properties as support but has small specific surface area. Fe2O3@BaTiO3 core/shell microspheres, as improved support of BaTiO3 support, were fabricated by a hydrothermal-annealing approach. Fe2O3@BaTiO3 support has large specific surface area, which optimizes the contact condition of the gas-soot-catalyst three-phase reaction. Due to the Cu-Fe2O3@BaTiO3 interaction, the redox properties of copper are improved. Soot combustion is tested under O2 gas flow and NOx/O2 gas flow, and Fe2O3@BaTiO3 supported copper catalyst (Cu/Fe2O3@BaTiO[Formula: see text] all shows higher catalytic activity and CO2 selectivity than BaTiO3 supported copper catalyst (Cu/BaTiO[Formula: see text].

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2

Setyadi, Ayu Uswatu Lissa Sapta, Yofentina Iriani, and Fahru Nurosyid. "Penumbuhan Lapisan Tipis Barium Titanat (BaTiO3) menggunakan Metode Sol-Gel dengan Variasi Mol." Prosiding SNFA (Seminar Nasional Fisika dan Aplikasinya) 2 (November 28, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prosidingsnfa.v2i0.16360.

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<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstra</strong><strong>ct</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>Preparation of Barium Titanate thin film (BaTiO3) has been done on Quartz substrate using sol gel method with spin coating technique. A thin film BaTiO3 wase made with a mole variation of 0.4 mol and 0.8 mol at a rotation speed of 3000 rpm. The samples were annealed at 400 ° C with 30 minutes stand-up time and at 900 ° C with 2 hours stand-up time and a heating rate of 5 ° C per minute. Characterization of optical properties samples was performed using UV-Vis spectrometers and characterization of microstructure samples using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The particle size was calculated by Scherer's formula. Based on the results of the analysis it was found that mole variation of the solution influenced the absorbance value, intensity, crystality level and BaTiO3 thin film particle size. The greater mole of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> solution the higher then absorbance value. The fewer then number of layers the greater then diffraction peak intensity. More number of layers the greater the level of crystallinity and particle size.</p><p class="KeywordsEngish"> </p><p class="AbstrakIndonesia"><strong>Abstra</strong><strong>k: </strong>Pembuatan lapisan tipis Barium Titanat (BaTiO<sub>3</sub>) telah dilakukan diatas substrat Quartz menggunakan metode sol gel dengan teknik spin coating. Lapisan tipis BaTiO<sub>3 </sub>dibuat dengan variasi mol 0.4 mol dan 0.8 mol pada kecepatan putar 3000 rpm. Sampel diannealing pada suhu 400<sup>o</sup>C dengan waktu tahan 30 menit dan pada suhu 900<sup>o</sup>C dengan waktu tahan 2 jam dan kenaikan suhunya 5<sup>o</sup>C per menit. Karakterisasi sifat optik sampel dilakukan menggunakan spektrometer UV-Vis dan karakterisasi struktrur mikro sampel menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD).Ukuran partikel dihitung dengan formula Scherer. Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapat bahwa variasi mol larutan mempengaruhi mempengaruhi nilai absorbansi, intensitas, tingkat kekristalan dan ukuran partikel lapisan tipis BaTiO<sub>3</sub>. Semakin besar mol larutan BaTiO<sub>3 </sub>maka semakin tinggi nilai absorbansinya. Semakin sedikit jumlah lapisan maka intensitas puncak difraksi semakin besar. Semakin banyak jumlah lapisan maka semakin besar pula tingkat kekristalan dan ukuran partikel<em>. </em></p>

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3

Su, Jun, and Jun Zhang. "Remarkable enhancement of mechanical and dielectric properties of flexible ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/ barium titanate (BaTiO3) dielectric elastomer by chemical modification of particles." RSC Advances 5, no. 96 (2015): 78448–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra14047a.

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Just 1 wt% SG-Si6490 can raise tensile strength of EPDM with untreated BaTiO₃ from 1.94 to 9.00 MPa. (A) EPDM control; (B) untreated BaTiO₃; (C) NDZ109 treated BaTiO₃; (D) KH570 treated BaTiO₃; (E) SG-Si6490 treated BaTiO₃.

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4

Ding, Y., Y. D. Yao, K. T. Wu, P. S. Chen, C. S. Tu, J. C. Hsu, D. S. Hung, and S. F. Lee. "Thickness Effect of Interlayer on the Dielectric Permittivity of BaTiO$_{3}$/Co/BaTiO$_{3}$ and BaTiO$_{3}$/Ta/BaTiO$_{3}$ Films." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 48, no. 11 (November 2012): 4297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2012.2198053.

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5

Jiang, Beibei, James Iocozzia, Lei Zhao, Hefeng Zhang, Yeu-Wei Harn, Yihuang Chen, and Zhiqun Lin. "Barium titanate at the nanoscale: controlled synthesis and dielectric and ferroelectric properties." Chemical Society Reviews 48, no. 4 (2019): 1194–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00583d.

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The successful production of nanostructured BaTiO₃ enables theoretical and experimental investigation into the intriguing yet complex dielectric properties of individual BaTiO₃ nanocrystals. By combining BaTiO₃ nanocrystals and certain polymers, the resulting BaTiO₃/polymer nanocomposites possess many advantages from both components.

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6

Guo, Hua, Aleksander Jaworski, Zili Ma, Adam Slabon, Zoltan Bacsik, Reji Nedumkandathil, and Ulrich Häussermann. "Trapping of different stages of BaTiO3 reduction with LiH." RSC Advances 10, no. 58 (2020): 35356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra07276a.

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Different forms of reduced BaTiO₃, which include oxyhydride BaTiO_2.9H_0.1 and O-deficient BaTiO_2.9−xH_0.1□_x, were obtained from reactions with LiH at various temperatures.

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7

Liu, Leipeng, Yihe Zhang, Fengzhu Lv, Wangshu Tong, Ling Ding, Paul K. Chu, and Penggang Li. "Polyimide composites composed of covalently bonded BaTiO3@GO hybrids with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss." RSC Advances 6, no. 90 (2016): 86817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra17259h.

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Novel flexible three-phase high-k polyimide composites were fabricated by the incorporation of covalently bonded BaTiO₃@GO hybrids in which the BaTiO₃@GO hybrids were prepared by the reaction of amino modified BaTiO₃ particles and GO.

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8

Ma, Ya Lu, Hong Long Zhu, and Jian Lin Li. "Preparation and Characterization of BaTiO₃ Powders by Sol-Gel and BaTiO₃ Ferroelectric Films by Electrophoretic Deposition Technique." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.617.

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The clear and transparent sols of BaTi acetate were prepared from tetrabutyltitanate, barium acetate aqueous solution, ethanol and acetic acid. The BaTi acetate sols were transferred into gels by sol-gel process, and the gels were dried and calcined to nanostructured BaTiO3 powders. Pure barium titanate powders added in mixtures of acetone and iodine and water or acetylacetone (Acac) and ethanol (EtOH) as suspension systems, the aim of this study was to use the electrophoretic deposition technique (EPD) to fabrication the BaTiO3 ferroelectric films with high dielectric constant. During sol-gel transition process, it is found that the initial PH value of sol affected not only the sol-gel transition, but also the particles size of the final calcined BaTiO3 powders. The effects of the EPD process parameters such as the suspension, powder concentration, electrical field strength on the specific EPD deposited weight were investigated. The films sintered at 1050°C for 2h were crystallized into the tetragonal phase at room temperature, which were sufficiently dense and had uniform microstructure and excellent dielectric properties.

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9

Wang, Jiasheng, Shumin Han, Zhibin Wang, Dandan Ke, Jingjing Liu, and Mingzhen Ma. "Enhanced hydrogen storage properties of the 2LiBH4–MgH2composite with BaTiO3as an additive." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 16 (2016): 7042–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt00045b.

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The 2LiBH₄–MgH₂+ 20 wt% BaTiO₃composite was prepared by ball-milling LiBH₄, MgH₂and BaTiO₃, and the effect of BaTiO₃on the hydrogen storage properties of the composite was investigated.

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10

Le, Xuan Luc, Nguyen Dang Phu, and Nguyen Xuan Duong. "Enhancement of ferroelectricity in perovskite BaTiO<sub>3</sub> epitaxial thin films by sulfurization." AIMS Materials Science 11, no. 4 (2024): 802–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2024039.

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<p>Sulfur is a promising anion dopant for exploring exotic physical phenomena in complex perovskite oxides. However, sulfurization to the epitaxial single-crystal oxide thin films with high crystallinity is experimentally challenging due to the volatility of sulfur element; thus, sulfurization effects on the associated properties have been scarcely studied. Here, we demonstrate an enhancement of ferroelectric polarization of epitaxial BaTiO<sub>3</sub> thin films by sulfur doping. Initially, the epitaxial BaTiO<sub>3</sub> thin films with high crystallinity were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Then, sulfurization to epitaxial BaTiO<sub>3</sub> films was performed using a precursor of thiourea (CH<sub>4</sub>N<sub>2</sub>S) solution via a spin-coating technique. The crystalline structure of sulfurized BaTiO<sub>3</sub> films was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The structural distortion with the elongated out-of-plane lattice constant was observed in the sulfurized BaTiO<sub>3</sub> films. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses also confirmed the surface morphology of films after sulfurization. Interestingly, we found an enhanced ferroelectric polarization in sulfur-doped BaTiO<sub>3</sub> films accompanying the improved tetragonality in the crystal structure after sulfurization. The increments in the remnant (~34.8%) and saturated (~30.6%) polarizations of sulfurized BaTiO<sub>3</sub> films were obtained in comparison with pure BaTiO<sub>3</sub> films. Our work could be a primary study for a thorough understanding of the sulfur doping effect in perovskite oxides, opening up the potential of oxysulfide materials.</p>

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11

Bouharras, Fatima Ezzahra, Mustapha Raihane, Gilles Silly, Cedric Totee, and Bruno Ameduri. "Core–shell structured poly(vinylidene fluoride)-grafted-BaTiO3 nanocomposites prepared via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of VDF for high energy storage capacitors." Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 7 (2019): 891–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py01706a.

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12

DING, SHIWEN, and JING WANG. "DIELECTRIC CERAMIC PREPARED FROM (Ba, Sr)TiO3 NANOPOWDER UNDER MICROWAVE IRRADIATION." International Journal of Nanoscience 05, no. 02n03 (April 2006): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x06004498.

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The reaction conditions of size-controlled BaTiO 3 nanopowder prepared by microwave irradiation have been investigated. It has found that the dosage of alkali, reactant concentration and reaction time are very important factors that affect average grain size of BaTiO 3 powder. Through these investigations, we synthesized adulterated BaTiO 3 nanopowder from an aqueous solution of barium hydrate and titanium tetrachloride, and use microwave irradiation as a heating source. XRD of the series of the nanometer powder demonstrates that pure and adulterated BaTiO 3 of cubic system has been prepared. Through TEM we found the products have a shape of uniform, substantially spherical particles with an average grain size to be 70 nm.

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13

Yu, Li, Guoying Gao, Guangqian Ding, Yongfa Duan, Yang Liu, Yan He, and Kailun Yao. "Prediction of large magnetoelectric coupling in Fe4N/BaTiO3 and MnFe3N/BaTiO3 junctions from a first-principles study." RSC Advances 6, no. 35 (2016): 29504–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra00044d.

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14

Pachari, Sreenivasulu, Swadesh K. Pratihar, and Bibhuti B. Nayak. "Enhanced magneto-capacitance response in BaTiO3–ferrite composite systems." RSC Advances 5, no. 128 (2015): 105609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra16742f.

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15

HUANG, GUI-FANG, WEI-QING HUANG, LING-LING WANG, ZHONG XIE, BING-SUO ZOU, and JIAN-HUI ZHANG. "INVESTIGATION OF BIAXIAL ELASTIC MODULUS AND CTE OF BaTiO3 FILMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 24 (September 30, 2009): 4933–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920903876x.

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To develop high-quality film device with good reliability, it is often essential to be able to evaluate the parameters such as stress, the biaxial elastic modulus, and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of film. Based on the stress measurement in situ during the thermal cycle by laser scanning method, two techniques were used to measure the biaxial elastic modulus and CTE of BaTiO 3 films deposited on substrate. The value of the biaxial elastic modulus and CTE for BaTiO 3 films determined from two methods is close, in which the biaxial elastic modulus of BaTiO 3 films is higher than that of corresponding bulk while the CTE of BaTiO 3 films is a little smaller than that of bulk material.

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16

Estandía, Saúl, Florencio Sánchez, Matthew F. Chisholm, and Jaume Gázquez. "Rotational polarization nanotopologies in BaTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices." Nanoscale 11, no. 44 (2019): 21275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr08050c.

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17

Hayashida, Kenichi, Yoriko Matsuoka, and Yasuhiro Takatani. "An ideal nanostructure of polymer/BaTiO3dielectric materials with high reliability for breakdown strength: isolated and uniformly dispersed BaTiO3nanoparticles by thick polymer shells." RSC Adv. 4, no. 63 (2014): 33530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra06801g.

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Polymer/BaTiO₃nanocomposites where the BaTiO₃nanoparticles were isolated and uniformly dispersed by thick polymer shells, exhibited high reliability for dielectric breakdown strength.

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18

CHEN, QIAN, LU JIN, WENJIAN WENG, GAORONG HAN, and PIYI DU. "DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR OF NOVEL ACETYLENE BLACK–PVDF/BaTiO3 TRI-PHASE COMPOSITE FILM." Surface Review and Letters 15, no. 01n02 (February 2008): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x08010889.

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A novel three-phase film with conductive acetylene black (AB) and ferroelectric phase ( BaTiO 3) introduced intoβ-polyvinylidene fluoride (β-PVDF) was prepared by using dip-coating method. The high dielectric constant of 650 can be obtained in the AB–PVDF/ BaTiO 3 composite film when AB content approached the percolation threshold (3.3 vol%), which is 40 times more than that of (PVDF + BaTiO 3) matrix. The dielectric constant of the composite film is almost independent of frequency.

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19

Kharchouche, Faiçal, Yousra Malaoui, and Omrane Bouketir. "Study of BaTiO3-doped Bi2O3/ZnO varistor microstructure and its electrical characteristics." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 35, no. 1 (July 1, 2024): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v35.i1.pp42-51.

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This study presents the characterization and optimization of BaTiO<sub>3</sub>-doped ZnO-based varistors for electrical and electronic applications. The varistors were prepared using a conventional ceramic procedure and were sintered at a temperature of 1,000 °C with different concentrations of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> (0 and 3 mol%) added to the Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/ZnO-based varistor composition (99.5 mol% ZnO and 0.5 mol% Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>). The results showed that the addition of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> led to the formation of various oxides and solid solutions, such as Bi1<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>20</sub>, BaTiO<sub>3</sub>, and (Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>0.80</sub> (BaO)<sub>0.20</sub>. The dielectric constant and grain size decreased with increasing BaTiO<sub>3</sub> content, while the non-linearity coefficient, electric fields (Eb) increased, and dielectric loss (Tanδ) decreased. The optimized varistor contains 2 mol% BaTiO<sub>3</sub> and an electric field of 148.08 V/mm, which are superior to those of the BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/ZnO-based varistor. During this study, we were able to observe that a slight addition of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> will increase the breakdown voltage and the coefficient of nonlinearity and this will allow us to develop low-dimensional varistors and install them in the high-voltage domain.

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20

Yu, Dan, Nuo-xin Xu, Liang Hu, Qi-long Zhang, and Hui Yang. "Nanocomposites with BaTiO3–SrTiO3 hybrid fillers exhibiting enhanced dielectric behaviours and energy-storage densities." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 16 (2015): 4016–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tc02972k.

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21

Huang, Jin Tao, Tomoya Imura, and Norimasa Sakamoto. "Synthesis of Barium Titanate Nanoparticles from Decomposition of Barium Titanyl Oxalate Tetrahydrate with Aid of Supercritical Water." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 781–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.781.

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A novel process of BaTiO3 manufacture was conducted by using supercritical water. Preparation of BaTiO3 nanoparticles was investigated from decomposition of BaTiO(C2O4)2•4H2O (BTOT) with aid of supercritical water for the first time. When BTOT was exposed to supercritical water around 673 K and 30 MPa, it decomposed quickly in 5-22 seconds. The products formed strongly reply on environmental conditions. BaCO3 and TiO2 were always observed as the products in the absence of alkaline additives. BaTiO3 nanoparticles with specific surface area as high as 12~14 m2/g were able to be obtained under strong alkaline conditions, such as NaOH/COSubscript text2=2/1. It was found that environment of supercritical water was better than sub-critical conditions to obtain high quality BaTiO3 particles with fewer defects. Employment of supercritical water significantly reduced the reaction time and temperature compared to other BaTiO3 manufacture processes utilizing BTOT as precursor.

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22

Aepuru, Radhamanohar, Shivani Kankash, and H. S. Panda. "Schottky barrier tuning in semiconducting ZnO and BaTiO3 hybrid heterostructures shows dielectric and electrical anisotropy." RSC Advances 6, no. 38 (2016): 32272–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra00841k.

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Polygonal nanosize BaTiO₃ and modified BaTiO₃ with carbon are prepared using a modified hydrothermal process and utilized as solutes to set up bimodal hollow zinc oxide (ZnO) heterostructures.

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23

Li, Jijiao, Bo Li, Hongya Wu, and Ji Zhou. "Direct writing of three-dimensional woodpile BaTiO3 structures." Modern Physics Letters B 28, no. 14 (June 10, 2014): 1450108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984914501085.

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Barium titanate ( BaTiO 3) woodpile structures with designed, three-dimensional (3D) geometry have been fabricated by direct-writing assembly techniques. Concentrated BaTiO 3 inks with suitable rheological properties were prepared to enable the fabrication of the complex 3D structures. It was demonstrated that BaTiO 3 inks with a total solids volume fraction of 0.41 are shear thinning and have a high storage modulus 1 × 105 Pa with a yield stress of 300 Pa. Additionally, the woodpile lattice structures exhibited an excellent self-supporting feature.

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24

Zhu, Mingjun, Ganghua Zhang, Lianna Zhai, Jianwu Cao, ShaSha Li, and Tao Zeng. "Polarization-enhanced photoelectrochemical properties of BaTiO3/BaTiO3−x/CdS heterostructure nanocubes." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 9 (2021): 3137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt00103e.

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Polarization-enhanced photoelectrochemical performance has been achieved in novel core–shell-structured crystalline-BaTiO₃/amorphous-BaTiO_3−x/crystalline-CdS composite nanocubes prepared by a facile two-step synthesis approach.

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25

SONIA, G., M. SENTHIL KUMAR, D. ARIVUOLI, J. KUMAR, and K. BASKAR. "PREPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF Ti/BaTiO3/InP MIS STRUCTURES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 01n02 (January 20, 2002): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202009767.

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Indium Phosphide (InP) is one of the most promising materials for high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. In the present investigation n-type InP substrates of <111> orientation grown by LEC technique in our laboratory were used to study the surface state densities. The wafer was polished with HBr:K 2 Cr 2 O 7: H 2 O (BCA) polishing solution and decreased with organic solvents. Au:Ge was used has a back ohmic contact and the wafer was annealed at 623K for 5 min. under nitrogen ambient. Barium Titanante ( BaTiO 3), a dielectric material was used as an insulator to fabricate InP -MIS structures. BaTiO 3 thin film has been deposited on InP substrates by sol-gel technique through organic precursor route. Titanium metal contact was made on the BaTiO 3 to obtain MIS structure. Compositional analysis of the BaTiO 3 thin film on InP substrates has been carried out using XPS and EDX. By the Capacitance Voltage measurements a minimum surface state density ( N ss) value as low as 4.5 × 1010 cm -2 eV -1 has been obtained for Ti/BaTiO 3/ InP MIS structures which is comparatively less than that of other deposited insulators.

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26

Li, Chang'an, Xin Guan, Shizhong Yue, Xizu Wang, Jianmin Li, Hanlin Cheng, Shan Wang, Aung Ko Ko Kyaw, and Jianyong Ouyang. "Simultaneous enhancements in the Seebeck coefficient and conductivity of PEDOT:PSS by blending ferroelectric BaTiO3 nanoparticles." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 31 (2021): 16952–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta04235a.

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The addition of BaTiO₃ nanoparticles into PEDOT:PSS can simultaneously enhance both the Seebeck coefficient and the conductivity. The enhancements arise from the spontaneous electric polarization and the high dielectric constant of BaTiO₃.

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27

SADHANA, K., K. PRAVEENA, and S. R. MURTHY. "DIELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF BaTiO3+MgCuZnFe2O4 NANOCOMPOSITES." Modern Physics Letters B 24, no. 03 (January 30, 2010): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984910022445.

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Nanocrystalline MgCuZnFe 2 O 4 and BaTiO 3 powders were synthesized using the microwave hydrothermal (M-H) method at 160°C for 45 min for the preparation of x BaTiO 3+(1-x) MgCuZnFe 2 O 4. The nanopowders were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The particle size of the powders was found to be ~30 and ~40 nm for MgCuZnFe 2 O 4 and BaTiO 3, respectively. The nanopowders were mixed at different weight percentages and densified at 910°C for 30 min using the microwave sintering method. The sintered composites were characterized using XRD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The density of the composites varies 93–96% of theoretical density. The density of the present composites increases as the weight percentage of BaTiO 3 content increases. The frequency variation of dielectric constant (ε), dissipation factor (D), initial permeability (μi) and quality factor (Q) were measured from 1 kHz to 1 MHz.

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28

Heo, Yooun, Daisuke Kan, Yuichi Shimakawa, and Jan Seidel. "Resistive switching properties of epitaxial BaTiO3−δ thin films tuned by after-growth oxygen cooling pressure." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 1 (2016): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp05333a.

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Bias- and time-dependent resistive switching measurements of BaTiO_3−δ, i.e. oxygen-deficient barium titanate (BaTiO₃) thin films, reveal a strong dependence on the oxygen vacancy concentration, which can be tuned by after-growth oxygen cooling conditions of thin films.

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29

Zhang, Su-Wei, Shun Li, Bo-Ping Zhang, Dongfang Yu, Zuotai Zhang, and Jing-Feng Li. "Copper-nanoparticle-dispersed amorphous BaTiO3 thin films as hole-trapping centers: enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability." RSC Advances 9, no. 9 (2019): 5045–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra09204d.

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The photocatalytic degradation activity and photoelectrochemical performance of amorphous BaTiO₃ films can be improved after introducing Cu NPs, and the oxidation of Cu is strongly hindered when dispersing in the amorphous BaTiO₃ films that serve as h⁺-trapping centers.

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30

Gromada, Magdalena, Mojtaba Biglar, Tomasz Trzepieciński, and Feliks Stachowicz. "Characterization of $${\hbox {BaTiO}_{3}}$$ BaTiO 3 piezoelectric perovskite material for multilayer actuators." Bulletin of Materials Science 40, no. 4 (July 28, 2017): 759–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12034-017-1406-0.

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31

Li, J., J. W. Ko, and W. B. Ko. "Synthesis of BaTiO3-TiO2-Graphene Nanocomposites and Kinetics Studies on their Photocatalytic Activity." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 17, no. 4 (April 2, 2016): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj271.

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<p>BaTiO<sub>3</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were fabricated by a wet-chemical method using barium chloride dihydrate (BaCl<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O), titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>), and oxalic acid (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) as precursors. BaTiO<sub>3</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub>-graphene nanocomposites were obtained by heating the BaTiO<sub>3</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles with graphene in an electric furnace at 700 °C for 2 h. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the resulting products were BaTiO<sub>3</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub>-graphene nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the morphologyof the nanocomposites. UV-vis spectrophotometry was used to analyze the photocatalytic degradation of several organic dyes using the BaTiO<sub>3</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub>-graphene nanocomposites as a photocatalyst under ultraviolet irradiation at 254 nm.</p>

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32

Hao, Y. N., X. H. Wang, S. O'Brien, J. Lombardi, and L. T. Li. "Flexible BaTiO3/PVDF gradated multilayer nanocomposite film with enhanced dielectric strength and high energy density." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 37 (2015): 9740–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc01903f.

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BaTiO₃/PVDF nanocomposite films with high flexibility and gradated BaTiO₃ distribution structure are fabricated. These films show high dielectric constants of 20–25, a maximal discharged energy density value of 19.37 J cm⁻³ and dielectric breakdown strengths of up to 495 kV mm⁻¹.

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33

Pan, Zhongbin, Lingmin Yao, Jiwei Zhai, Bo Shen, Shaohui Liu, Haitao Wang, and Jinhua Liu. "Excellent energy density of polymer nanocomposites containing BaTiO3@Al2O3 nanofibers induced by moderate interfacial area." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 34 (2016): 13259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta05233a.

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A moderate interfacial area results in significantly enhancement of electric breakdown strength in BaTiO₃@Al₂O₃ nanocomposites. An energy density of ≈12.18 J cm⁻³ is achieved with a small loading of 5 vol% BaTiO₃@Al₂O₃ nfs.

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34

Zhang, Min, and Chaoyong Deng. "Enhanced ferroelectric properties of $$\hbox {BaTiO}_3$$BaTiO3 films via rapid thermal processing." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 31, no. 4 (January 18, 2020): 3130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-02859-0.

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35

ZHANG, HUA-MING, SHAO-YI WU, XUE-FENG WANG, and YUE-XIA HU. "THEORETICAL STUDIES OF THE SPIN HAMILTONIAN PARAMETERS AND LOCAL STRUCTURE FOR THE TETRAGONAL Rh2+ CENTER IN RHOMBOHEDRAL BaTiO3." Modern Physics Letters B 23, no. 17 (July 10, 2009): 2115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984909020266.

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The spin Hamiltonian parameters and local structure for the tetragonal Rh 2+ center in rhombohedral BaTiO 3 are theoretically studied from the perturbation formulas of these parameters for a 4d 7 ion with low spin (S=1/2) in tetragonally elongated octahedra. This center is ascribed to substitutional Rh 2+ at the Ti 4+ site in BaTiO 3. The [ RhO 6]10- cluster suffers relative elongation (characterized by the elongation parameter ρ ≈ 0.9%) along the [100] axis due to the Jahn–Teller effect. The tetragonal elongation can entirely depress the slight trigonal distortion of the original Ti 4+ site in rhombohedral BaTiO 3. The calculated spin Hamiltonian parameters based on the above Jahn–Teller elongation show good agreement with the experimental results.

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36

WEI, J. H., J. SHI, Z. Y. LIU, J. G. GUAN, and R. Z. YUAN. "THE CONDUCTIVITY AND TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF BATIO3 COATED- PAN BASED ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 07n09 (April 10, 2005): 1423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979205030396.

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Coated-PAn particles consisting of polyaniline(PAn) core and barium titanate ( BaTiO 3) shell were synthesized by modified sol-gel processing. The shear stress and current density of the suspensions of Coated-PAn particles and pure PAn particles in silicone oil with a 20vol% were investigated at different conductivity and environment temperature. The dielectric and the conductance behavior of coated PAn particles as a function of temperature we also investigated. The results showed that the ER effect of BaTiO 3 coated PAn particles was far stronger than that of pure polyaniline synthesized by the same method. Meanwhile, the BaTiO 3 coated-PAn particles also showed favorable temperature stability and low current loss at the high electric field, which is rather important for the ER fluids application.

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37

Watanabe, Takayuki, Mikio Shimada, Toshiaki Aiba, Hisato Yabuta, Kaoru Miura, Kengo Oka, Masaki Azuma, Satoshi Wada, and Nobuhiro Kumada. "Structural Transformation of Hexagonal (0001)BaTiO$_{3}$ Ceramics to Tetragonal (111)BaTiO$_{3}$ Ceramics." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 50, no. 9 (September 20, 2011): 09ND01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.50.09nd01.

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38

Mathey, P., P. Jullien, P. Lompré, and D. Rytz. "Photorefractive detection of antiparallel ferroelectric domains in BaTiO 3 and BaTiO 3 :Co crystals." Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing 66, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050705.

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39

Rajavaram, Ramaraghavulu, Junwoo Park, and Joonho Lee. "Defect induced ferromagnetism in h-BaTiO 3 synthesized from t-BaTiO 3 by microwave heating." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 712 (July 2017): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.04.150.

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40

Kim, Young Heon, Xubing Lu, Marco Diegel, Roland Mattheis, Dietrich Hesse, and Marin Alexe. "Growth temperature dependence of crystal symmetry in Nb-doped BaTiO3 thin films." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 03, no. 02 (April 2013): 1350009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x13500094.

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Growth temperature effects on the microstructure of Nb -doped BaTiO 3 thin films of the composition BaTi 0.98 Nb 0.02 O 3 are studied using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Reciprocal space maps and electron diffraction patterns show that the a-axis lattice parameter increases and the c-axis parameter decreases with increasing growth temperature, indicating a decrease of tetragonality. Bright-field TEM images show low and high densities of threading defects in films grown at low and high temperatures, respectively. The observations are discussed in terms of a hindering of the cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition by a high defect density and a high unit cell volume.

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41

Devi, L. Gomathi, and P. M. Nithya. "Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activity of BaTiF 6 and BaTiO 3 : A comparative study." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 6, no. 3 (June 2018): 3565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.04.038.

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42

RIAZ, S., S. SHAMAILA, B. KHAN, and S. NASEEM. "BARIUM TITANATE FILMS FOR ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS: STRUCTURAL AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES." Surface Review and Letters 15, no. 03 (June 2008): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x08011305.

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Synthesis of the precursors, using research grade materials and locally available facilities, is optimized in order to obtain a suitable sol for BaTiO 3. The optimally synthesized BaTiO 3 sol is then spun onto Cu substrates to obtain films of thickness ~0.5 μm. The deposited BaTiO 3 films are heated up to a temperature of 300°C. Surface and structural changes, with heating, are observed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and X-ray diffraction. The surface cracked in some cases but is generally uniform, as seen with SEM and AFM, in case of optimized conditions. The SEM images reveal large crystallites, which are correlated to the XRD observation of tetragonal perovskite structure of these sol–gel films. The AFM scan, however, shows an rms roughness of 35.6 nm for an area of 3 μm × 3 μm. Tetragonal perovskite BaTiO 3 is obtained at a temperature of as low as 300°C. The dielectric constant and loss angle, in the 30 Hz–3 MHz range, are calculated at room temperature and up to 200°C. At high frequencies the dielectric constant (~290) and loss angle (~2 × 10-6) values indicate the usefulness of such films in electronic applications. The leakage current is also measured at room temperature and a conductivity of 2.0 × 10-15 S/cm is obtained.

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43

Nunn, William, Abinash Kumar, Rui Zu, Bailey Nebgen, Shukai Yu, Anusha Kamath Manjeshwar, Venkatraman Gopalan, James M. LeBeau, Richard D. James, and Bharat Jalan. "Sn-modified BaTiO₃ thin film with enhanced polarization." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 41, no. 2 (March 2023): 022701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0002208.

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Hybrid molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of Sn-modified BaTiO3 films was realized with varying domain structures and crystal symmetries across the entire composition space. Macroscopic and microscopic structures and the crystal symmetry of these thin films were determined using a combination of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) polarimetry and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). SHG polarimetry revealed a variation in the global crystal symmetry of the films from tetragonal ( P4 mm) to cubic [Formula: see text] across the composition range, x = 0 to 1 in BaTi1− xSn xO3 (BTSO). STEM imaging shows that the long-range polar order observed when the Sn content is low ( x = 0.09) transformed to a short-range polar order as the Sn content increased ( x = 0.48). Consistent with atomic displacement measurements from STEM, the largest polarization was obtained at the lowest Sn content of x = 0.09 in Sn-modified BaTiO3 as determined by SHG. These results agree with recent bulk ceramic reports and further identify this material system as a potential replacement for Pb-containing relaxor-based thin film devices.

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44

He, Chao-Tao, Yu Lu, Xiu-Lin Li, and Peng Chen. "Facilitation of compliance current for resistive switching and stability of Ta/BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/ITO." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 8 (2022): 086102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20211999.

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In this work, Ta/BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> multi-layer thin film is prepared on indium tin oxide substrates by using magnetron sputtering. Obvious resistive switching performance can be observed by increasing the compliance current. Ohmic and space charge limited current conduction mechanisms are demonstrated in Ta/BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Reproducible and stable resistive switching behavior in Ta/BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/ITO device at <i> I</i><sub>cc</sub> =10<sup>-2</sup> A are reported. Results show that no obvious degradation is found after 365 successive cycles tests.

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45

Neige, Ellie, and Oliver Diwald. "Paramagnetic electron centers in BaTiO3 nanoparticle powders." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 22 (2021): 12881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp01128f.

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46

LEE, C., M. DUPEUX, and W. TUAN. "Adhesion strength of Ag/BaTiO interface." Scripta Materialia 54, no. 3 (February 2006): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.10.020.

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47

Rodríguez-Páez, J. E., F. Díaz, and C. F. Villaquirán Raigoza. "Síntesis de polvos de BaTiO₃ por mecanoquímica." Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio 41, no. 1 (February 28, 2002): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/cyv.2002.v41.i1.719.

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48

Tian, Lihong, Xiaodong Yan, JiLian Xu, Petra Wallenmeyer, James Murowchick, Lei Liu, and Xiaobo Chen. "Effect of hydrogenation on the microwave absorption properties of BaTiO3 nanoparticles." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 23 (2015): 12550–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta02109j.

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49

Sharma, Savita, Monika Tomar, Ashok Kumar, Nitin K. Puri, and Vinay Gupta. "Effect of insertion of low leakage polar layer on leakage current and multiferroic properties of BiFeO3/BaTiO3 multilayer structure." RSC Advances 6, no. 64 (2016): 59150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra09326d.

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50

Большакова, Наталья Николаевна, Светлана Дмитриевна Завьялова, Галина Михайловна Некрасова, and Елена Михайловна Семенова. "EFFECTS OF NIOBIUM-DOPING ON THE DIELECTRIC AND SWITCHING PROPERTIES OF BARIUM TITANATE CRYSTALS." Physical and Chemical Aspects of the Study of Clusters, Nanostructures and Nanomaterials, no. 12() (December 15, 2020): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/pcascnn/2020.12.042.

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В работе представлены результаты исследований диэлектрических свойств, процессов переключения и доменной структуры ниобийсодержащих кристаллов титаната бария. Показано, что существенную роль в поведении доменной структуры кристаллов BaTiO:Nb : Nb играет примесь ниобия Nb, ионы которого замещают Ti и изменяют ионный состав решетки. При изменении температуры со скоростью порядка 0,3 К⋅с механически свободных кристаллов BaTiO : Nb в отсутствие внешних электрических полей, процессы перестройки доменной структуры происходят под воздействием внутренних термоупругих напряжений ~ 0,7 МПа и деполяризующих полей ~ 20 кВ-м. This paper reports the results of investigations of dielectric properties, switching processes and the domain structure of niobium-containing barium titanate crystals. It was shown that an impurity of niobium Nb, whose ions replace Ti and change the ionic composition of the lattice, is important for behavior of the domain structure of BaTiO: Nb crystals. At a change in temperature (0,3 К⋅с ) a transformation of the domain structure occurs in the BaTiO: Nb crystals under the influence of the internal thermoelastic stresses ~ 0,7 MPa and the depolarizing fields ~ 20 kV/m.

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