Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bat box'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Bat box.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Bat box.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Hansen, Rachel Lindsey. "A LOOK AT THE BAN THE BOX MOVEMENT IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612961.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis centers on the Ban the Box movement, a study on its affects within the greater-Tucson area, interviews of Human Resources Directors, a synthesis of what is happening in Arizona, and a discussion of its importance. Ban the Box is a movement that promotes the elimination of “the box” that forces anyone with a criminal background to check on applications for jobs, housing, education, etc. The movement has steadily increased in both the public and private sector as companies like Target and Wal-Mart have voluntarily eliminated the box from their initial application forms. This is important because the United States crime rates are increasing and thus the box affects more and more people every day. In the case study, it became clear that various jurisdictions in Arizona have extremely varied responses to the movement, though each Human Resources professional seemed to have a similar opinion. I learned that this topic is not as cut and dry as it originally seems. To make a complete law that is commonly accepted by all, a lot of research and support from all parties involved will be necessary. For future studies done on Ban the Box, it is important to give interviewees plenty of time to prepare and to do varied research before. The thesis concludes with a summation of the material discussed and the author’s opinion shining through.
2
Dahlqvist, Sofia, and Marie Hedén. "Designens betydelse vid val av boxvin : En studie om konsumenters preferenser av designfaktorer på bag-in-box-vin." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Grafisk teknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-20826.
Full textAbstract:
På den svenska marknaden står bag-in-box-vin för över 50 procent av allt vin som säljs och Sverige är det land där bag-in-boxen fått starkast fäste i världen (Fremin, 2012). Det gör att bag-in-box-förpackningen är en stor och betydelsefull produkt för vintillverkare och att ha kunskap om säljande design är viktigt för grafiska formgivare samt övriga involverade företag. Den föreliggande studiens syfte var att undersöka vilka designfaktorer på bagin- box-förpackningar som påverkar konsumenternas val av vin i Sverige. Studien innefattade en visuell kartläggning som ämnade ge en överblick av utbudet på ett Systembolag. Detta genomfördes för att skapa en grund till den webbaserade enkätundersökningen som genomfördes under våren 2015. Resultaten visade att majoriteten av respondenterna valde vin baserat på förpackningens utseende och ansåg att de påverkades främst av färg, typsnitt, illustrationer och varumärken. Resultaten visade också att ju högre vinkunskap konsumenterna hade desto mindre påverkade designen deras val. Kvinnor och män hade generellt olika åsikter angående hur stor påverkan de olika designfaktorerna hade vid valet av bag-in-box-vin. Denna studie är endast ett avstamp till ett ämne som innefattar många påverkande faktorer. Det betyder att mer forskning krävs inom ämnet innan helt sanningsenliga resultat kan fastställas.In the Swedish market the bag-in-box wine stands for over 50 percent of all wine that sells and Sweden is the country where the bag-in-box have the strongest hold in the world (Fremin, 2012). This makes bag-in-box packaging a major and significant product for winemakers. Therefore having knowledge about selling design is important for graphic designers and other involved companies. This study included a visual content analysis of the bag-in-box wine in a liquor store in Sweden in order to get an overview of the supply. With the results, a web-based survey was created and implemented in the spring of 2015. The results showed that the majority of the respondents chose the wine based on the appearance of the package and felt that they were mainly effected by the colour, font, illustrations and brand. Consumers with higher knowledge about wine were less effected by the design in their choice of wine. Women and men had generally different opinions about how much impact the different design factors had in the choice of bag-in-box wine. This study is only a starting point for a subject that includes many influencing factors. Further research is therefore needed before completely truthful results can be established.
3
Mezentseva, Karyna. "Hydrology Of The Tamarack Bog, Bath Nature Preserve, Bath Township, Ohio." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1438166845.
Full text
4
Ortega, Felipe, and Berón Jesús. "Producción de bolsas con válvula tipo Bag in Box para la industria vitivinícola." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria, 2015. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/7249.
Full textAbstract:
El presente estudio de prefactibilidad detalla el tipo particular de envase Bag in Box en la industria vitivinícola y analiza las múltiples ventajas para los sectores en los cuales puede ser aplicado.
Teniendo en cuenta que en Argentina el consumo de vino en Bag in Box ha crecido de manera exponencial en los últimos años, se ha analizado el mercado consumidor de vino en dichos envases ya que no existe información estadística completa respecto a su consumo como tal.Fil: Ortega, Felipe. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria.
Fil: Berón Jesús. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria.
5
LaPlant, Eric G. "Racial Threat, Criminal History, and Employment: Examining the Determinants of Ban the Box Passage." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1466519138.
Full text
6
Flod, Jenny. "Utveckling av förpackning för livsmedelsrelaterade vätskor : Produktutvecklingsprojekt av ytterförpackning för vätskor med utgångspunkt i Bag-in-box konceptet." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-39146.
Full textAbstract:
This report describes the process of developing a new package for food-related liquids. The assignment is done on behalf of the design and branding agency Motherland and is a Bachelor of Science degree in Innovation and Design at Karlstad University. The client wants to find a new design for packaging where the end product is similar to the Bag-in- box concept. The Bag-in-box concept is good in many ways, with its block-shaped design almost pallet optimised, it has a simple construction, less environmental impact than glass, aluminum and PET bottles and less expensive to produce. In spite of its popularity in Sweden and well as the rest of the world, the pre-study shows that there are many users who think that the concept has its flaws. Common users claim the package does not reflect the contents and is difficult to empty and disassemble. The package can only be used standing at the edge of the table. The goal of this product development project is to apply the designprocess to find one or more prototypes with new design which meets the demands of the consumers. The project is limited to finding a new solution on the outer packaging and do not take into account the dosing function. The product must be suited for storage and transport to meet the requirements of sustainable development. The feasibility study gave insight and knowledge of the output concept, the facts surrounding a number of food related liquids, information about effective tools for idea development, sustainable development and the approach to manufacture an environmentally friendly packaging. Facts gathered through literature studies, study, survey, form studies, component analysis and visits knowledgeable in relevant areas. The study resulted in a specification that was used as a guide in the product development process. The project resulted in two prototypes with the same engineering design and volume but with different dimensions on height and width. They have a new design and a new mindset when it comes drain but have the same final function as the starting product, to protect the fluid, contain fluid, moving liquids, and dosing liquid. They have an opening and resealable lid that allows the user to control the content and facilitates proper recycling. It enables the packaging to be easily taken out and thus simplify the emptying of all content. Sketching and modeling has been of great help in the work and its results.Denna rapport beskriver ett examensarbete där två prototyper på ytterförpackning för livsmedelsrelaterade vätskor är slutresultatet. Uppdraget sker i samarbete med design- och varumärkesbyrån Motherland och är ett examensarbete på högskoleingenjörsprogrammet i innovationsteknik och design på Karlstads universitet. Uppdragsgivaren vill ta fram en ny design på förpackning för vätskor där utgångsprodukten är Bag-in-box konceptet. Utgångsprodukten är bra i många avseenden, den är med sin blockformade konstruktion nästintill logistisk optimal för transport och lagring, har en enkel konstruktion, ger mindre negativ miljöpåverkan än både glas-, aluminium- och PET-flaskor och är billig att producera. Trots sin popularitet i så väl Sverige som övriga världen, visar förstudien att det är många brukare som anser att utgångsprodukten har sina brister. Många anser att förpackningen inte är tilltalande designmässigt, det är svårt att tömma på allt innehåll och att det är komplicerat då produkten skall elimineras. Att det endast doseras vid en bordskant är en annan nackdel. Målet med projektet är att med utgångspunkt i designprocessen gestalta och ge förslag på en eller flera prototyper på ytterförpackning där ny form och design står i fokus. Produkten måste vara lager och transportanpassad så att den tillgodoser krav på hållbar utveckling. Hänsyn skall tas till användarnas krav så att den/de nya produkterna tillgodoser brister hos utgångsprodukten. Förstudien gav insikt och kunskap om utgångskonceptet, fakta kring ett antal livsmedelsrelaterade vätskor, information om effektiva verktyg för idéutveckling, hållbar utveckling och tillvägagångssätt för tillverkning av en miljöanpassad förpackning. Fakta samlades in genom litteraturstudier, studiebesök, enkätundersökning, formstudier, komponentanalys och besök hos kunniga på relevanta områden. Förstudien resulterade i en kravspecifikation som användes som vägledning i produktutvecklingensprocessen. Projektet resulterade i två prototyper med samma konstruktionsdesign och volym men med olika dimensioner på höjd och bredd. De har en ny design och ett nytt tänk när det gäller utpumpningsfunktion dock har den samma slutfunktion som utgångsprodukten, skydda vätska, innehålla vätska, förflytta vätska och dosera vätska. De har ett öppnings- och återförslutningsbart lock som möjliggör för brukaren att kontrollera innehållet och underlättar för rätt källsortering. Lösningen gör att innerförpackningen lätt kan tas ur och på så sätt förenkla vid tömning av allt innehåll. Skissande och modellering har varit till stor hjälp i arbetet och framtagandet av slutresultatet.
7
Blomquist, Emil, and Trotte Boman. "The Dirac Equation for a Particle in a Spherical Box Potential with Application in Bag Modeling." Thesis, KTH, Teoretisk fysik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168309.
Full textAbstract:
The Dirac equation is a relativistic wave equation and was the first equation to capture spin in relativistic quantum mechanics. Here, the Dirac equation will be derived and solved for a particle in a spherical box potential. Comparisons to the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation as well as to a relativistically corrected Schrödinger equation will be made. Applications of the Dirac equation, such as the Bogoliubov model, are examined and discussed and it is validated that the Dirac equation can provide knowledge about elementary particles.Dirac-ekvationen är en relativistisk vågekvation och var den första ekvationen att inkludera spinn i relativistisk kvantmekanik. I vår rapport kommer Dirac-ekvationen att härledas och lösas för en partikel i en sfärisk lådpotential. Den kommer sedan att jämföras med den icke-relativistiska Schrödinger-ekvationen samt en relativistiskt korrigerad Schrödinger-ekvation. Några av Dirac-ekvationens användningsområden, såsom för Bogoliubovs modell, kommer att undersökas och diskuteras och det faktum att Diracekvationen kan ge oss information om hur elementära partiklar fungerar valideras.
8
Barrezueta, Luis Fernando Mesias [UNIFESP]. "Imuno-expressão das proteínas da família BCL-2 (BCL-2. BCL-XL, BAX, BAK, BAD) em câncer gátrico, preparados em arranjo em matriz (TMA)." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2009. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9724.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2009-01-28Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Em casos de carcinoma gástrico, para contribuir ao conhecimento do processo de carcinogênese: Objetivo: Estudar a expressão das proteínas da família Bcl-2 (BcI-2, Bcl-xl, Bak, Bad, Bax). Correlacionar a expressão destas proteínas com 0 índice apoptótico mediante a expressão da proteína Caspase 3 clivada, com 0 índice mit6tico mediante a expressão da proteína Ki-67 e com a expressão da proteína p53. Método: Técnica de arranjo em matriz de amostras teciduais (TMA): em 87 amostras de adenocarcinomas gástricos (grupo teste) e de mucosa gástrica não tumoral (grupo controle) foi avaliada a imuno-expressão das proteínas da família BcI-2 (BeI-2, Bcl-xl, Bak, Bad, Bax), da proteína p53, da proteína caspase 3 e da proteína Ki-67. Resultados: Todas as proteínas examinadas foram observadas nos adenocarcinomas e mucosa não tumoral, porem com diferenças de expressão em relação à porcentagem de positividade e intensidade. Observamos: i) Houve associação entre 0 tamanho do tumor e a proteína p53. ii) Houve associação da proteína Bad no adenocarcinoma com a idade dos pacientes. iii) Associação das proteínas Bax, Bad e Ki-67 com 0 adenocarcinoma de tipo intestinal. iv) As proteínas Bcl-xl, Bak, Bad, p53 e Ki-67 apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre a imuno-expressão no tumor e na mucosa não tumoral. v) Associação das proteínas Bax, Bak e Bad na mucosa não tumoral. vi) Não houve correlação da imunoexpressão das proteínas com a sobrevida dos pacientes. Conclusão: A expressão aumentada da proteína Bcl-xl nos adenocarcinomas, com evidente diferença de expressão entre 0 grupo teste e 0 grupo controle, esta relacionada com 0 efeito anti-apoptótico da proteína. A expressão reduzida das proteínas Bak e Bad e a expressão aumentada das proteínas p53 e Ki-67 nos adenocarcinomas demonstram 0 desequilíbrio entre morte e proliferação celular, permitindo 0 crescimento descontrolado das células neoplásicas.
Purpose: To study the immunoexpression of Bcl-2 family proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Bax, Bak, Bad) and to evaluate the correlation between the immunoexpression of these proteins with the cleaved caspases 3, Ki-67 and p53 immuno-expression. Methods: A TMA paraffin block was constructed with gastric carcinoma tissue (test group) and normal gastric adjoining mucosa (control group) of 87 patients. The TMA block was submitted to immunohistochemistry for Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Bax, Bak, Bad, p53 and-cleaved Caspase 3. Results: All studied proteins were present in tumor and normal gastric adjoining mucosa, but with different intensity and amount of positive cells. i) There was an association between tumor size and p53 expression. ii) association between Bad expression in the tumor and patient’s age. iii) Intestinal type adenocarcinoma was positively correlated with the expression of Bax, Bad and Ki-67. iv) The protein Bcl-xl, Bak, Bad, p53 and Ki-67 showed statistically significant differences between the immuno-expression in tumor and normal gastric adjoining mucosa. v) There was an association between the proteins Bax, Bak and Bad expression in the normal gastric adjoining mucosa. vi) No correlation between patient’s survival rates and the expression of the proteins was observed. Conclusions: The higher expression of Bcl-xl protein in adenocarcinoma, the difference of Bcl-xl expression between test group and control group, might be related with the anti-apoptotic effect of this protein. The lower expression of Bak and Bad and the increased expression of p53 protein and Ki-67 protein in adenocarcinomas demonstrate the imbalance between death and cellular proliferation, which allows the uncontrolled tumor cell proliferation.
FAPESP: 04/09932-4
FAPESP: 06/54187-0
TEDE
9
Karch, Jason. "The Role of Bax and Bak in Necrotic Cell Death." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1353099747.
Full text
10
Cardoso, Claudio Fernandes. "Avaliação de um sistema asséptico para leite longa vida em embalagem flexível institucional do tipo bag-in-box." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254561.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: José de Assis Fonseca FariaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T02:06:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cardoso_ClaudioFernandes_D.pdf: 26277698 bytes, checksum: d17c520e85b9389e672d2641e795333d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de um sistema asséptico piloto para a produção de leite UHT (Ultra Hight-Temperature), com capacidade de 1.000 L/h, em embalagens flexíveis institucionais do tipo Bag-in-box (BIB). As embalagens estudadas eram compostas de um filme de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD) e um filme de polietileno tereftalato metalizado (PETmet), com volume de 2.000 mL, desenvolvido especialmente para o envase asséptico de produtos lácteos. Leite cru refrigerado tipo A foi utilizado como matéria-prima. O envase do leite UHT foi realizado através de uma dosadeira semi-automática dentro de uma Sala Limpa ISO posicionada sobre o bocal de enchimento das embalagens. O sistema foi avaliado através da identificação e monitoramento de pontos de controle do processo, testes de esterilidade comercial, análises sensorial e físico-química do produto, bem como avaliações da embalagem. O desempenho das embalagens BIB foi avaliado através de ensaios de caracterização, integridade do sistema e estudos de estabilidade microbiana e testes de efetividade de esterilização. As embalagens foram esterilizadas com o uso de radiação ionizante (gama), com dose de 15 kGy. Os ensaios foram conduzidos através da produção de 4 lotes experimentais de leite UHT, obtido em trocador de calor a placas (140 °C por 5 s). A taxa de defeito encontrada nos testes de esterilidade comercial variou entre 0 e 6,7%, sendo que a principal causa de defeitos foi associada aos problemas inerentes a operacionalidade da linha, como falhas nas vedações das junções de tubulações e bombas centrífugas. Os resultados da avaliação dos pontos de controle do processo e embalagem indicaram um bom desempenho do sistema, justificado pela ausência de microorganismos viáveis. O leite UHT acondicionado nas embalagens BIB teve sua vida de prateleira estimada em até 27 semanas de estocagem, valor este muito superior quando comparado às amostras controle de leite UHT comercial, acondicionado em embalagens laminadas cartonadas, que teve sua vida de prateleira estimada em 19 semanas. A diferença de estabilidade físico-química, microbiológica e sensorial entre as amostras processadas e a comercial foi associada às propriedades de barreira das estruturas das embalagens à luz e ao oxigênio, bem como pela qualidade da matéria-prima utilizada. O sistema asséptico piloto avaliado correspondeu às expectativas de desempenho e atendeu aos requisitos estabelecidos pelo Codex Alimentarius. Concluiu-se que o sistema apresenta potencial para utilização por indústrias de laticínios visando atender o mercado institucional de leite longa vida
Abstract: The aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of an aseptic pilot system for the production of Ultra High Temperature (UHT) milk, with 1.000 L/h capacity, filled in flexible institutional packages Bag-in-box (BIB) type. The BIB packages were constructed with one layer of low density polyethylene film (LDPE) and another one of metalized polyethylene terephthalate film (PETmet), with 2.000 mL capacity, specially developed for the aseptic filling of dairy products. Type-A milk was used as raw material and the UHT milk filling was made by a semiautomatic machine located inside a ISO Clean room. The system was evaluated by the identification and monitoring of the control points during the process and also by commercial sterility tests, sensorial and physical-chemistry analysis and packages evaluations. The BIB packages were sterilized by gamma radiation with minimum doses of 15 kGy. The assays were conducted by the production of 4 experimental batches processed in a plate heat exchanger (140 °C/5 s). The defect rates founded were between 0 and 6.7% and these values can be explained by problems linked to the pilot plant operation, like failures in the connections of pipes and centrifugal pumps. The results of the control points evaluation and also BIB packages showed a good performance of the entire process, justified by the absence of viable microorganisms. The milk filled in BIB packages targeted until 27 weeks of shelf life, a superior value when it was compared to the commercial UHT samples, which targeted just 19 weeks. The difference of physical-chemistry, microbiology and sensory stability between the processed samples and the commercial one was associated to the oxygen and light barriers properties and also to the raw milk quality used during the processes. The pilot aseptic system evaluated attended to the Codex Alimentarius requirements and it could be concluded that the system showed potential for application in dairy industry in view of the long life milk institutional market
Doutorado
Tecnologia de Alimentos
Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos
11
Leshchiner, Elizaveta S. "Dissecting the Mechanisms of Direct Activation for Proapoptotic BAK and BAX." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10778.
Full text
12
Mendes, Armando Monte. "Estudo da deposi??o de filmes finos de BaTi(1-X)Zr(X)O3 por meio de planejamento Box-Behnken." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20591.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-03T23:23:31Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
ArmandoMonteMendes_DISSERT.pdf: 6303230 bytes, checksum: 90f6b4372d141b15db0fbf05e1726b17 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-07T00:00:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ArmandoMonteMendes_DISSERT.pdf: 6303230 bytes, checksum: 90f6b4372d141b15db0fbf05e1726b17 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T00:00:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArmandoMonteMendes_DISSERT.pdf: 6303230 bytes, checksum: 90f6b4372d141b15db0fbf05e1726b17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-28
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Materiais cer?micos ferroel?tricos com estrutura perovskita (ABO3) s?o largamente utilizados em componentes de mem?ria no estado s?lido (FeRAM?s e DRAM?s) bem como em capacitores de m?ltiplas camadas, especialmente na forma de filmes finos. Quando dopados com ?ons de zirc?nio, materiais ? base de BaTiO3 formam uma solu??o s?lida conhecida como titanato zirconato de b?rio (BaTi1-xZrxO3). Tamb?m chamado de BZT, esse material pode sofrer significativas mudan?as em suas propriedades el?tricas diante de pequenas varia??es do teor de zirc?nio na rede cristalina. O presente trabalho consiste no estudo dos efeitos dos par?metros de deposi??o de filmes finos de BaTi0,75Zr0,25O3 pelo m?todo de spin-coating sobre sua morfologia e propriedades f?sicas, utilizando um planejamento experimental do tipo Box-Behnken. A resina utilizada no processo de deposi??o foi sintetizada pelo m?todo dos precursores polim?ricos (Pechini) e foi subsequentemente dividida em tr?s parcelas cada qual teve sua viscosidade ajustada para 10, 20 e 30 mPa?s por meio de um viscos?metro rotativo. As resinas foram depositadas em substratos de Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si pelo m?todo de spin-coating em 15 diferentes combina??es de viscosidade, velocidade de rota??o (3000, 5500 e 8000 rpm) e n?mero de camadas depositadas (5, 8 e 11 camadas) previstas no planejamento e ent?o calcinadas a 800?C por 1h. A fase cristalina dos filmes foi determinada por difra??o de Raios-X (DRX) e indexada com a carta JCPDS 36-0019. Morfologia da superf?cie e tamanho de gr?o foram observados por meio de microscopia de for?a at?mica (AFM) indicando filmes bem densificados e tamanho m?dio de gr?o em torno de 50nm. Imagens da se??o transversal dos filmes foram obtidas por interm?dio de microscopia eletr?nica de varredura com emiss?o de campo (MEV-FEG), indicando espessuras bem uniformes variando de 140-700 nm entre amostras. Medidas de capacit?ncia foram realizadas ? temperatura ambiente com a ajuda de um analisador de imped?ncia. Os filmes apresentaram valores de constante diel?trica de 49-277 a 100KHz e baixa perda diel?trica. O planejamento indicou efeitos n?o significativos das intera??es entre os par?metros de deposi??o sobre a espessura dos filmes. A metodologia de superf?cies de resposta possibilitou uma melhor observa??o dos efeitos das vari?veis.
Ferroelectric ceramics with perovskite structure (ABO3) are widely used in solid state memories (FeRAM?s and DRAM's) as well as multilayered capacitors, especially as a thin films. When doped with zirconium ions, BaTiO3-based materials form a solid solution known as barium zirconate titanate (BaTi1-xZrxO3). Also called BZT, this material can undergo significant changes in their electrical properties for a small variation of zirconium content in the crystal lattice. The present work is the study of the effects of deposition parameters of BaTi0,75Zr0,25O3 thin films by spin-coating method on their morphology and physical properties, through an experimental design of the Box-Behnken type. The resin used in the process has been synthesized by the polymeric precursor method (Pechini) and subsequently split into three portions each of which has its viscosity adjusted to 10, 20 and 30 mPa?s by means of a rotary viscometer. The resins were then deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by spin-coating method on 15 different combinations of viscosity, spin speed (3000, 5500 and 8000 rpm) and the number of deposited layers (5, 8 and 11 layers) and then calcined at 800 ? C for 1 h. The phase composition of the films was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and indexed with the JCPDS 36-0019. Surface morphology and grain size were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicating uniform films and average grain size around 40 nm. Images of the cross section of the films were obtained by scanning electron microscopy field emission (SEM-FEG), indicating very uniform thicknesses ranging from 140-700 nm between samples. Capacitance measurements were performed at room temperature using an impedance analyzer. The films presented dielectric constant values of 55-305 at 100kHz and low dielectric loss. The design indicated no significant interaction effects between the deposition parameters on the thickness of the films. The response surface methodology enabled better observes the simultaneous effect of variables.
13
Vitali, Chiara. "Le bilinguisme au cinema : analyse du film < Bon Cop Bad Cop >." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14219/.
Full textAbstract:
Contrairement à la perception du multilinguisme ou du bilinguisme que l’on pourrait avoir dans les pays-nations, ce sont des phénomènes répandus qui intéressent au moins la moitié de la population mondiale. Le Canada est parmi les pays officiellement bilingues, et le canadiens sont divisé entre une majorité anglophone et une minorité francophone. Ce mémoire est un travail d’analyse du bilinguisme dans le film canadien « Bon Cop, Bad Cop ». Notre but est de voir dans quelle mesure ce film est une représentation fidèle à la réalité du bilinguisme ou une image stéréotypée des anglophones et francophones canadiens. Est-ce que « Bon Cop, Bad Cop » reste superficiel ou réussit à bien traduire cette dualité culturelle et linguistique ? Nous avons aussi analysé le sous-titrage du film, la méthode choisie pour la diffusion canadienne des deux versions monolingues. Est-ce un outil efficace, ou crée-t-il une expérience différente du film pour les deux publics, anglophone et francophone ?
14
Palmer, Matthew Earle. "Kinematics of beam flexure four-bar linkages with applications in a compound bow." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11012008-063505/.
Full text
15
Mignard, Vincent. "Rôle des sphingolipides et des MAM dans l'activité des protéines pro-apoptotiques Bax et Bak." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=f5341358-f156-44f7-b830-9aa90095f905.
Full textAbstract:
L'étude de l'apoptose est importante pour développer de nouvelles stratégies anti-cancéreuses. La voie mitochondriale de l'apoptose est finement régulée par le réseau d'interaction des protéines de la famille Bcl-2. D'autres acteurs moléculaires participent à la régulation de l'apoptose et notamment une famille de lipides bioactifs : les sphingolipides. De plus, des études récentes permettent d'envisager que les interactions entre le réticulum endoplasmique (RE) et la mitochondrie (via une région spécifique du RE appelée MAM) interviennent également dans la régulation de l'apoptose. Nous avons mis au point un protocole de fractionnement subcellulaire permettant de séparer une fraction mitochondriale, des mitochondries purifiées et les MAM, puis analysé les compositions protéiques et lipidiques de ces fractions (par WB et HPLC-MS). Nous avons ensuite comparé les compositions de ces fractions à l'état basal et en conditions apoptotiques. Nos résultats montrent que l'induction de l'apoptose induit une redistribution des protéines de la famille Bcl-2 avec notamment la transduction de Bax au niveau des mitochondries et des MAM ainsi qu'une forte augmentation de l'expression de la protéine Bcl-2 au niveau des MAM. En ce qui concerne les profils lipidiques, l'induction de l'apoptose entraine une augmentation du taux de céramide dans les mitochondries et une diminution du taux de sphingomyéline dans les MAM. L'ensemble de nos résultats suggère que les MAM pourraient jouer un rôle important dans la localisation subcellulaire des protéines de la famille Bcl-2 au cours de l'apoptose, potentiellement via la synthèse et/ou le trafic des sphingolipidesThe study of apoptosis is important to develop new anti-cancer strategies. The mitochondrial apoptotic pathway is tightly regulated by the interaction network of the Bcl-2 family proteins but other molecular actors are involved in the régulation of apoptosis, in particular, a family of bioactive lipids : sphingolipids. The recent studies have shown that the interactions between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria (via a specific region of the ER called Mitochondria associated membrane, MAM) are also involved in the regulation of apoptosis. We have developed a subcellular fractionation protocol for the isolation of mitochondria fraction, purified mitochondria and MAM. The proteic and lipidic compositions of these fractions were analyzed by WB and HPLC-MS. We compared the compositions of subcellular fractions at normal and apoptotic conditions. Our results show that induction of apoptosis causes the redistribution of the Bcl-2 family proteins including Bax transduction to mitochondria and MAM and an important increase of Bcl-2 expression at MAM Regarding lipid profiles, inductions of apoptosis increases ceramide level at mitochondria and decreases sphyngomyelin in the MAM fraction. Taken together, these results may suggest that the MAM could play an important role in the subcellular localization of Bcl-2 family proteins during apoptosis, potentially through synthesis and/or trafficking of sphingolipids
16
White, Sarah. "Pro-apoptotic bax and bak control beta-cell death and early endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44609.
Full textAbstract:
Functional failure and loss of pancreatic β-cells are critical events in the pathogenesis of diabetes and there is mounting evidence that suggests chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes significantly to β-cell dysfunction and apoptotic death. Two core pro-apoptosis proteins, Bax and Bak, mediate the execution of mitochondrial apoptosis and have also been suggested to regulate aspects of ER physiology and stress signalling. In this study we set out to determine the relative contributions of Bax and Bak in the execution of β-cell death and examine their putative roles in β-cell ER-stress signalling under diabetogenic conditions. We generated mice in which the single or combined knockout of Bax and Bak could be induced in the pancreatic β-cell. Physiological islet function assessed both in vivo and in vitro was not affected by the knockout of Bax and/or Bak. However, Bax and Bak knockout improved β-cell survival under stress conditions. Single knockout, double knockout, and wild-type cells were assayed for ER-stress and cell death following treatment with staurosporine, thapsigargin, and culture under glucolipotoxic conditions. Time-course kinetic cell death analysis demonstrated that single and double knockout cells were protected from staurosporine, and further revealed that Bax-Bak double knockout was required for significant protection from death under glucolipotoxic conditions. ER-stress signalling was evaluated by quantitative PCR for XBP1s and CHOP. Interestingly, spliced XBP1 expression was augmented in Bax-Bak double knockout islets in the early phase of ER-stress signalling compared to wild-type controls. Stress-induced CHOP expression increased in a time-dependent manner but was not significantly different between Bax-Bak double knockout and wild-type islets. These results suggest that Bax and Bak regulate the IRE1α arm of the ER-stress response upstream of apoptosis by suppressing maximal XBP1 splicing. Under glucolipotoxic conditions, pancreatic insulin content, insulin secretion, and insulin transcription were unaffected by Bax and Bak knockout, indicating Bax and Bak do not mediate their protective effects towards β-cell death by retaining islet function. Together these data demonstrate that Bax and Bak have both individual and combined contributions to β-cell death under various stress conditions and suggest novel non-apoptotic roles regulating early ER-stress signalling in the β-cell.
17
Semendary, Ali A. "Behavior of Adjacent Prestressed Concrete Box Beam Bridges Containing Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) Longitudinal Joints." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1518181442348314.
Full text
18
Tolley, Rebecca. "Review of Bad Boy of Gospel Music: The Calvin Newton Story, by Russ Cheatham." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5611.
Full text
19
Haluška, Ľuboš. "Spojitý komorový nosník přes údolí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409964.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this Diploma thesis is focused on a design of the road bridge between Brodzany and Partizanske municipality, spaned the Valley. The design is processed in three preliminary designs. Selected variant is a continuos girder box with inclined walls, post-tensioned by bonded cables. Structural analysis includes the influences of construction by TDA method. The sctructure is assessed for temporary and permanent states. Design and check were carried out according to EC.
20
Hansson, Anna. "Balans i bas och kropp : En basists sittställning och hur det påverkar ljudet." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för klassisk musik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-2788.
Full textAbstract:
Ett arbete om att din sittställning kan påverka ljudet du producerar. En studie i hur basister sitter och använder kroppen. Hur du arbetar med din kontrabas utan att skada kroppen.About your seating position and how to produce sound. A study of how double basists use their bodies and how to play double bass without injuring your body.
G. Bottesini "Elegy no.3". Pianist Erik Lanninger
A. Vivaldi "Cello sonata no.3 in A-minor" Cembalo Anna Paradiso
A. Pärt "Spiegel im Spiegel". Pianist Erik Lanninger
E. Bloch "The Prayer" från "Jewish Life". Pianist Helena Hansson
G. Bottesini "Concerto for Double Bass and Orchestra no.2 in B-minor". Violin Lina Samuelsson, Lisa Chenevier, viola Doris Mägi, cello Viktoria Hillerhud, kontrabas Jennifer Downing Olsson.
I tillhörande video förekommer Prayer av Bloch och Elegy av Bottesini. Medverkar gör Helena Hansson och Erik Lanninger.
21
Anger, Moris. "Expressão de proteínas da apoptose em melanoma cutâneo primário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5158/tde-15042009-162410/.
Full textAbstract:
Melanoma cutâneo ainda constitui a principal causa de morte por câncer de pele nos países desenvolvidos. A variabilidade do comportamento clínico dessa neoplasia tem sido apenas parcialmente explicada pelos aspectos clínicos e histológicos, e a identificação de variáveis biológicas pode vir a ser importante na determinação de grupos de risco específicos. Foram estudados 69 pacientes com melanoma cutâneo primário de diversos graus de gravidade, tratados entre 1990 e 2007, com o intuito de verificar aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos, preparar Tissue microarray (TMA) para estudo dos melanomas cutâneos primários com espessura maior que 1,0 mm, avaliar por análise imuno-histoquímica a expressão das proteínas da apoptose celular Bcl2, Bax, Bak, Apaf-1, Caspase 3, Caspase 9, Caspase 8, FasL e Fas em nevos-controle e em melanomas primários com espessuras menores e maiores que 1mm, e correlacionar a expressão dessas proteínas da apoptose com a evolução de melanomas cutâneos primários. Os resultados ratificaram tanto dados epidemiológicos já publicados em relação a sexo, idade e local da lesão, quanto a correlação entre a evolução da doença e os índices de Breslow. A análise dos escores compostos relativos à expressão das proteínas da apoptose revelou que o perfil imuno-histoquímico dessas proteínas parece não ter significado prognóstico, uma vez que não houve diferenças de expressão entre pacientes com e sem doença disseminada. Não foram encontradas alterações na expressão das proteínas da apoptose estudadas que pudessem sugerir o seu envolvimento tanto na gênese quanto na progressão de melanoma primário. O perfil imuno-histoquímico com tendência pró-apoptótica parece indicar que outros fatores seriam responsáveis pelo crescimento e disseminação da neoplasiaCutaneous melanoma still constitutes the main cause of skin cancer death in developed world. Clinical behavior variability of this neoplasia has been only partially explained by clinical and histological aspects, and identification of biological variables can be important for determining specific risk groups. Sixty nine (69) patients with mild to severe primary cutaneous melanoma treated in 1990-2007 were studied aiming at (a) verifying clinical epidemiological aspects, (b) generating a Tissue microarray (TMA) for characterizing proteins expression of cutaneous melanoma > 1.0 mm, (c) analyzing the immunohistochemical expression of the apoptosis proteins Bcl2, Bax, Bak, Apaf-1, Caspase 3, Caspase 9, Caspase 8, FasL e Fas in 10 control nevi and in primary melanomas with thickness 1mm, (d) and correlating these proteins expression with the disease prognosis. Results have ratified known epidemiological date on gender, age and lesion localization as well as the correlation between the disease prognosis and the Breslow\'s indexes. Analysis of the composite scores relating to apoptosis proteins has revealed that their immunohistochemical profile seems to be not significant for determining the disease prognosis, since no differences in proteins expression were found when compared patients with and without disease dissemination. Alterations in proteins expression suggesting their role in the genesis as well as in the prognosis of primary melanoma were not evidenced. Immunohistochemical profile with pro-apoptosis trend seems to indicate other factor as responsible for the neoplasia growth and dissemination
22
Su, Huizhong. "Metabolic basis of MYC-induced apoptosis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31383.
Full textAbstract:
Programmed cell death, known as apoptosis, is widely accepted as a key tumour suppression mechanism. The oncogene MYC promotes cell growth and proliferation but also sensitises cells to apoptosis, which limits its oncogenic potential. MYC-induced apoptosis requires the pro-apoptotic BCL2 family proteins BAX/BAK and can be blocked by anti-apoptotic family members such as BCL2 and BCL-xL. Previous studies have identified glutamine withdrawal as a trigger for MYC-induced apoptosis. Through untargeted metabolomic analyses of cells with perturbed BCL2 family member composition and of cells undergoing glutamine-dependent MYC-induced apoptosis, we found that nucleosides and nucleotides were altered in correlation with apoptotic status. Glutamine is an important biosynthetic substrate and energy source and we show global transcription and translation of the cells decreased upon glutamine withdrawal. However, MYC-activated cells promote transcription and translation even in the absence of glutamine and thus still drive huge demand for energy. Deregulated MYC promotes nucleotide catabolism and depletes cellular energy charge upon glutamine withdrawal, indicating energy shortage driven by MYC. Nucleotide conversion and remodeling by adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) protects cellular energy charge and inhibits MYC-induced apoptosis. These results indicate a homeostatic model for MYC-induced apoptosis based upon mitochondrial energy supply and demand. We propose that the transcriptional activity of MYC drives huge demand for energy to support global transcription and translation and thereby sensitises cells to apoptosis under conditions of limiting energy supply.
23
Terliesner, Nicolas [Verfasser]. "Die Funktion der Proteine Bax und Bak in der Initiation von Apoptose durch das BH3-only-Protein Harakiri / Nicolas Terliesner." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1082237345/34.
Full text
24
Grönberg, Andreas. "Bow with Flow : Möjligheterna och svårigheterna i stråkspel på kontrabas inom jazz." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för konst, kommunikation och lärande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79217.
Full textAbstract:
Jag har länge tyckt att soundet från en stråke är häftigt. Det finns inspelningar med jazzstråk, men det är inte jättevanligt och jag undrade varför. Är det för att det finns för många svårigheter att hantera med stråken? Eller var det kanske så att det fanns massor med möjligheter som inte många tog vara på? Syftet i mitt arbete har varit att ta reda på vad det finns för möjligheter och svårigheter med att spela stråke på kontrabas i jazzmusik. I arbetsprocessen har jag valt ut låtar och spelat in dessa låtar med ett band bestående av trummor, el-gitarr, tenor saxofon och viola. Sedan har jag skickat låtarna till verksamma stråkbassister så att de kan kommentera och ge tips. Utifrån kommentarerna, tipsen och min egna analys av låtarna har jag gjort övningar som har gjort att jag på bättre sätt har kunnat ta vara på möjligheterna och hantera svårigheterna. De tankar jag hade i början av arbetet angående vad som skulle vara möjligheterna med stråken och vad som skulle vara svårigheterna har visat sig i vissa fall inte stämma alls, i vissa fall stämma delvis och i vissa fall stämde de helt. Ett exempel är att jag tänkte i början av arbetet att få till bra rytmer skulle vara en svårighet, dock visade sig rytmer även vara en möjlighet då man kan ha större rytmisk variation med stråken än med fingrarna eftersom man kan hålla ut en ton längre med stråken.For a long time I have been thinking that the sound of a bowed tone is cool. There are recordings of music with jazz bowing, but it is not very common and I wondered why. Is it because there are too many difficulties with bowplaying? Or are there a lot of opportunities that only a few bass players take advantage of? The aim of my thesis is to figure out what the difficulties and the opportunities with bow playing on the double bass are in jazz music. In my research process I have chosen a couple of songs, rehearsed and recorded them with a band including drums, guitar, tenor saxophone and viola. After each recording session, I sended the recordings to a couple of active bow playing bass musicians, which answered with comments and advices. Based on the advices and my own analysis of the songs, I did exercises that taught me how to handle the difficulties and how to fully use the opportunities with bow playing in jazz music. In the beginning of the project I had some thoughts about what the opportunities and difficulties would be. Some of the thoughts came out to be, in some cases incorrect, in some cases partly correct and in some cases fully correct. An example is that, beginning my research I thought that playing rhythms with a bow would be difficult, but as it turned out, playing rhythms could also be an opportunity. I then could use more versatile rhythms than with my finger, since the bow allows me to hold a tone for a longer time.
25
Levecq, Guillaume. "L'organisation militaire de Philippe de Flandre dit "le Bon" dans les Grands Pays-Bas de 1419 à 1467 : une armée moderne invaincue?" Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE4031.
Full text
26
Bowman, Lindell Jenny. ""Bad boys" - företeelsen i fyra amerikanska och engelska romaner." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-9135.
Full textAbstract:
Romanerna som ligger till grund för uppsatsens analys är Thomas Bailey Aldrich The story of a bad boy, Mark Twains Tom Sawyers och Huckleberry Finn samt Richmal Cromptons Just William. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka de litterära gestalter som tar sig skepnad i företeelsen "bad boys" och de frågor som ställs i uppsatsen är: Hur och varför uppkom företeelsen "bad boys"? Hur växte genren "bad boys" fram? Vad karaktäriserar "bad boys" företeelsen? Uppsatsens narratologiska utgångspunkter bygger bland annat på Mieke Bals teori om fabelns och de textanalytiska begrepp som Maria Nikolajeva redogör för: tid och plats, författarens och läsarens föreställning av författaren, samtid och tidsperspektiv. Uppsatsen tar även stöd i R.W. Connell, John Stephens och Kenneth B. Kidds teorier. Uppsatsen visar att "bad boys"-genren har sitt ursprung under en period då bilden av mannen var under förändring och romaner för pojkar blev allt mer robusta."Bad boys" – genren karaktäriseras av driftiga pojkgestalter som delvis formar sin identitet i pojkgänget. "Bad-boys"- genren är även en konsekvens av de ändrade förhållandena för unga pojkar i USA. Dessa pojkar sågs ofta som små vandaler och det är dessa som återspeglas i "bad-boys" genren.
27
Shi, Feng. "Local Part Model for Action Recognition in Realistic Videos." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31147.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents a framework for automatic recognition of human actions in uncontrolled, realistic video data such as movies, internet and surveillance videos. In this thesis, the human action recognition problem is solved from the perspective of local spatio-temporal feature and bag-of-features representation. The bag-of-features model only contains statistics of unordered low-level primitives, and any information concerning temporal ordering and spatial structure is lost. To address this issue, we proposed a novel multiscale local part model on the purpose of maintaining both structure information and ordering of local events for action recognition. The method includes both a coarse primitive level root feature covering event-content statistics and higher resolution overlapping part features incorporating local structure and temporal relationships. To extract the local spatio-temporal features, we investigated a random sampling strategy for efficient action recognition. We also introduced the idea of using very high sampling density for efficient and accurate classification.
We further explored the potential of the method with the joint optimization of two constraints: the classification accuracy and its efficiency. On the performance side, we proposed a new local descriptor, called GBH, based on spatial and temporal gradients. It significantly improved the performance of the pure spatial gradient-based HOG descriptor on action recognition while preserving high computational efficiency. We have also shown that the performance of the state-of-the-art MBH descriptor can be improved with a discontinuity-preserving optical flow algorithm. In addition, a new method based on histogram intersection kernel was introduced to combine multiple channels of different descriptors. This method has the advantages of improving recognition accuracy with multiple descriptors and speeding up the classification process. On the efficiency side, we applied PCA to reduce the feature dimension which resulted in fast bag-of-features matching. We also evaluated the FLANN method on real-time action recognition.
We conducted extensive experiments on real-world videos from challenging public action datasets. We showed that our methods achieved the state-of-the-art with real-time computational potential, thus highlighting the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methods.
28
Pech, Zdeněk. "Konstrukční návrh pedálové skupiny formulového vozidla." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230200.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of my diploma thesis is the formula car pedal assembly design. The introduction of the thesis presents the possible design variants of the car pedal assembly of the current vehicles completed with requirement that are demanded from them. Furthermore, there are mentioned and described individual elements of the car pedal assembly including their principle and function. The thesis mentions collected basic information about the design of the components. On the basis of this mentioned information the thesis aims for the design including the choice of appropriate and relevant components. The final design of pedals and the basic console results from the mentioned calculation of stress analysis. In conclusion of the thesis there are evaluated achieved results that are compared with the current pedal assembly and there are presented the possible ways of designs with the respect to their production.
29
Ishii, Priscila Lumi [UNESP]. "Efeito α-tomatina na proliferação celular, apoptose e expressão de RNAm dos genes APC, Ciclina A2, Catenina, CASP9, BAK, BAX e BCL-XL em células HT29." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87688.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2011-02-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:08:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
ishii_pl_me_rcla.pdf: 341469 bytes, checksum: 30957c71a427ca667e0c86edb9d40228 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A Nutrigenômica é definida como o efeito da dieta na expressão gênica, e a extensão pela qual as diferenças genéticas entre os indivíduos influenciam a resposta a um padrão específico de dieta, à ingestão de alimentos funcionais e à suplementação de micronutrientes, em termos de um resultado para a saúde humana. A α-tomatina é um glicoalcalóide encontrado no tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum) que possui funções biológicas importantes como a redução dos níveis de colesterol LDL, inibição do crescimento de células cancerosas, estimulação do sistema imune e efeito antimetastático. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a citotoxicidade da α-tomatina, os seus efeitos na proliferação celular, na indução de apoptose e expressão de RNAm dos genes APC, Ciclina A2, Catenina, CASP9, BAK, BAX e BCL-XL em células HT29. As células foram cultivadas em meio de cultura DMEM, suplementado com 10% de soro bovino fetal, e tratadas nas concentrações de 0,1, 1 e 10 μg/mL para o ensaio do MTT e proliferação celular. Na análise de apoptose morfológica utilizou-se as concentrações de 0,1, 1 e 2 μg/mL. Já para a avaliação da expressão gênica utilizou-se a concentração de 1 μg/mL. Após 12 horas de tratamento, o RNA das células foi extraído e a expressão dos genes foi avaliada através do método de PCR em tempo real. O gene GPDH foi utilizado como normalizador. A análise estatística foi realizada por ANOVA/Tukey para o ensaio do MTT. Os resultados do ensaio de cinética de proliferação celular, viabilidade celular e avaliação da indução de apoptose foram analisados estatisticamente através de ANOVA/Dunnet, e para a análise da expressão gênica utilizou-se o método de Pfaffl et al. (2002), através do cálculo estimado pelo método ΔΔCt. Os estudos experimentais indicaram que a α-tomatina foi citotóxica apenas na concentração de 10 μg/mL...
Nutrigenomics is defined as the effect of diet on gene expression, and the extent to which genetic differences between individuals influence the response to a specific pattern of diet, intake of functional foods and micronutrient supplementation, in terms of a result for human health. The α- tomatine is highlighted as a glycoalkaloid found in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) that has important biological functions such as reducing levels of LDL cholesterol, inhibit cancer cell growth, stimulation of the immune system and antimetastátic effect. In view of these considerations, the objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of α-tomatine, their effects on cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis and morphological expression of mRNA of APC gene, Cyclin A2, β-Catenin, CASP9, BAK, BAX and BCL-XL in HT29 cells. The cells were grown in DMEM culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, and treated at concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 10μg/mL for the MTT assay and cell proliferation. In the morphological analysis of apoptosis, we used concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 2μg/mL. As for the evaluation of gene expression we used a concentration of 1 mg/mL. After 12 hours of treatment, the RNA from cells was extracted and gene expression was evaluated by the method of real-time PCR. The gene GPDH was used as normalizer. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA / Tukey test for MTT. The test results of kinetics of cell proliferation, cell viability and assessment of apoptosis were analyzed with ANOVA / Dunnet, and for analysis of gene expression we used the method of Pfaffl et al. (2002), by calculating estimated by ΔΔCt. Experimental studies suggested that α-tomatine was cytotoxic only at concentration of 10μg/mL. In the evaluation of cell proliferation were no significant differences in the treatments with α-tomatine, except that for the concentration... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
30
Ishii, Priscila Lumi. "Efeito α-tomatina na proliferação celular, apoptose e expressão de RNAm dos genes APC, Ciclina A2, Catenina, CASP9, BAK, BAX e BCL-XL em células HT29 /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87688.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Lúcia Regina RibeiroBanca: Daniel Araki Ribeiro
Banca: Maria Izabel Souza Camargo
Resumo: A Nutrigenômica é definida como o efeito da dieta na expressão gênica, e a extensão pela qual as diferenças genéticas entre os indivíduos influenciam a resposta a um padrão específico de dieta, à ingestão de alimentos funcionais e à suplementação de micronutrientes, em termos de um resultado para a saúde humana. A α-tomatina é um glicoalcalóide encontrado no tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum) que possui funções biológicas importantes como a redução dos níveis de colesterol LDL, inibição do crescimento de células cancerosas, estimulação do sistema imune e efeito antimetastático. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a citotoxicidade da α-tomatina, os seus efeitos na proliferação celular, na indução de apoptose e expressão de RNAm dos genes APC, Ciclina A2, Catenina, CASP9, BAK, BAX e BCL-XL em células HT29. As células foram cultivadas em meio de cultura DMEM, suplementado com 10% de soro bovino fetal, e tratadas nas concentrações de 0,1, 1 e 10 μg/mL para o ensaio do MTT e proliferação celular. Na análise de apoptose morfológica utilizou-se as concentrações de 0,1, 1 e 2 μg/mL. Já para a avaliação da expressão gênica utilizou-se a concentração de 1 μg/mL. Após 12 horas de tratamento, o RNA das células foi extraído e a expressão dos genes foi avaliada através do método de PCR em tempo real. O gene GPDH foi utilizado como normalizador. A análise estatística foi realizada por ANOVA/Tukey para o ensaio do MTT. Os resultados do ensaio de cinética de proliferação celular, viabilidade celular e avaliação da indução de apoptose foram analisados estatisticamente através de ANOVA/Dunnet, e para a análise da expressão gênica utilizou-se o método de Pfaffl et al. (2002), através do cálculo estimado pelo método ΔΔCt. Os estudos experimentais indicaram que a α-tomatina foi citotóxica apenas na concentração de 10 μg/mL... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Nutrigenomics is defined as the effect of diet on gene expression, and the extent to which genetic differences between individuals influence the response to a specific pattern of diet, intake of functional foods and micronutrient supplementation, in terms of a result for human health. The α- tomatine is highlighted as a glycoalkaloid found in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) that has important biological functions such as reducing levels of LDL cholesterol, inhibit cancer cell growth, stimulation of the immune system and antimetastátic effect. In view of these considerations, the objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of α-tomatine, their effects on cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis and morphological expression of mRNA of APC gene, Cyclin A2, β-Catenin, CASP9, BAK, BAX and BCL-XL in HT29 cells. The cells were grown in DMEM culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, and treated at concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 10μg/mL for the MTT assay and cell proliferation. In the morphological analysis of apoptosis, we used concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 2μg/mL. As for the evaluation of gene expression we used a concentration of 1 mg/mL. After 12 hours of treatment, the RNA from cells was extracted and gene expression was evaluated by the method of real-time PCR. The gene GPDH was used as normalizer. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA / Tukey test for MTT. The test results of kinetics of cell proliferation, cell viability and assessment of apoptosis were analyzed with ANOVA / Dunnet, and for analysis of gene expression we used the method of Pfaffl et al. (2002), by calculating estimated by ΔΔCt. Experimental studies suggested that α-tomatine was cytotoxic only at concentration of 10μg/mL. In the evaluation of cell proliferation were no significant differences in the treatments with α-tomatine, except that for the concentration... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
31
COSTA, Caroline Barra Sales Khayat da. "Monitoramento do estabelecimento das bact?rias presentes no inoculante da Embrapa Agrobiologia, durante o desenvolvimento inicial de plantas de cana-de-a??car utilizando t?cnicas microbiol?gicas e moleculares." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2463.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-21T19:29:33Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
2016 - Caroline Barra Sales Khayat da Costa.pdf: 5220401 bytes, checksum: 553248261c960b6b5fb62cadb1b26ebf (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-21T19:29:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Caroline Barra Sales Khayat da Costa.pdf: 5220401 bytes, checksum: 553248261c960b6b5fb62cadb1b26ebf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-26
CAPES
One of the most known and important process in nature is the biological nitrogen fixation (FBN). Few classes of microorganisms perform this process; named diazotrophics that associated with plants is an important alternative to enhance nitrogen nutrition in agricultural systems. Diazotrophic bacterial population in association with sugarcane improves the yield due to its ability to colonize the inner roots of the host plant and do not provoke any pathogenicity signal. Quantitative analyzes have indicated that selection of combinations of endophytic diazotrophic strains when associated with sugarcane varieties can improve the yield and therefore varieties of sugarcane may be better exploited in order to benefit this association for agricultural purposes. Thus, this work proposes to monitor the establishment of diazotrophic bacteria present in the inoculant of Embrapa, during the initial development of sugarcane plants. Micro-propagated sets of the sugarcane variety RB867515 were inoculated individually and with a mixture of five nitrogen fixing bacteria strains that compose the sugarcane inoculant: Nitrospirillum amazonense (CBAmC) Paraburkholderia tropica (Ppe8) Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (Pal5) Herbaspirillum seropedicae (HRC54) and Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans (HCC103). Plants were grown in a greenhouse and harvested 30 days after planting. Fresh root material was separated for evaluation of the establishment of the strains by bacterial counting using the technique of Most Probable Number (MPN), absolute quantification by Real Time PCR (qPCR), besides the identification of the inoculated strains through analysis of the rDNA profile of the pellicle formed in the respective semisolid media using the BOX-PCR technique. The results of bacterial count diazotrophic present in the roots by NMP showed that the treatments inoculated in the control (native population) showed higher population of bacterial cells around 105 cells by fresh root mass, but not statistically significant. The methodology qPCR permitted quantitation of the number of 16S rDNA copies in the order of 105 bacterial cells g - 1 fresh weight root, showing that there were differences in the population of endophytic species that colonize the roots of sugarcane. The profiles of BOX -PCR of the respective pellicles formed in semisolid media did not show high similarity (> 80 %) with the profile of the species inoculated for most of the treatments. The results obtained indicate that the qPCR technique showed the establishment of some of the inoculated strains in sugar cane buds while the NMP technique showed no significant difference between treatments inoculated and non-inoculated possibly due to the lower sensitivity of the method.
Um dos processos mais conhecidos e importantes na natureza ? a fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio atmosf?rico (FBN). Este processo ? realizado por algumas classes de microrganismos, denominados diazotr?ficos, que associados com esp?cies vegetais s?o uma alternativa importante para aprimorar a nutri??o nitrogenada nos sistemas agr?colas. As popula??es de bact?rias fixadoras de nitrog?nio atmosf?rico quando associadas ? cultura da cana-de-a??car melhoram a produ??o e, ao colonizarem o interior das ra?zes promovem benef?cios ?s plantas hospedeiras. An?lises quantitativas t?m indicado que a sele??o das combina??es de estirpes de bact?rias diazotr?ficas endof?ticas e variedades de cana-de-a??car podem ser melhor exploradas com o objetivo de aperfei?oar a associa??o para finalidades agr?colas. Assim, o presente trabalho prop?e monitorar o estabelecimento das bact?rias diazotr?ficas presentes no inoculante para cana-de- a??car da Embrapa, durante o desenvolvimento inicial planta. Toletes propagados da variedade RB867515 de cana-de-a??car foram inoculados individualmente e com a mistura das cinco estirpes de bact?rias diazotr?ficas: Nitrospirillum amazonense (CBAmC), Paraburkholderia tropica (PPe8), Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (Pal5), Herbaspirillum seropedicae (HRC54) e Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans (HCC103). As plantas foram crescidas em casa de vegeta??o e coletadas 30 dias ap?s o plantio, sendo separado o material vegetal para avalia??o do estabelecimento das estirpes pela t?cnica do N?mero Mais Prov?vel (NMP) e quantifica??o absoluta por PCR em Tempo Real (qPCR). Adicionalmente foi feita a identifica??o das estirpes inoculadas atrav?s da an?lise do perfil de rDNA das pel?culas bacterianas formadas nos respectivos meios semiss?lidos pela t?cnica de BOX-PCR. Os resultados obtidos da contagem de bact?rias diazotr?ficas presente nas ra?zes por NMP mostrou que os tratamentos inoculados em rela??o ao controle (popula??o nativa), apresentaram uma maior popula??o de c?lulas bacterianas em torno de 105 c?lulas por massa fresca de raiz, por?m n?o significativa. A metodologia de qPCR permitiu a quantifica??o do n?mero de c?pias do 16S rDNA, da ordem de 105 c?lulas bacterianas g-1 massa fresca de raiz, mostrando que houve diferen?a na popula??o das esp?cies diazotr?ficas endof?ticas que colonizam as ra?zes de cana-de-a??car. Os perfis obtidos por BOX-PCR das pel?culas formadas nos respectivos meios semiss?lidos n?o mostraram alta similaridade (>80%) com o perfil das esp?cies inoculadas para a maioria dos tratamentos inoculados. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a t?cnica de qPCR permitiu mostrar o estabelecimento de algumas estirpe do inoculante nos toletes de cana-de a??car enquanto que a t?cnica de NMP n?o mostrou diferen?a significativas entre os tratamentos inoculados e n?o inoculados possivelmente pela menor sensibilidade da metodologia.
32
Reusch, Frederik [Verfasser], Dietmar [Gutachter] Klingbeil, Paul [Gutachter] Steinmann, and Bob [Gutachter] Svendsen. "Entwicklung und Anwendung eines nicht-lokalen Materialmodells zur Simulation duktiler Schädigung in metallischen Werkstoffen / Frederik Reusch ; Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) ; Gutachter: Dietmar Klingbeil, Paul Steinmann, Bob Svendsen." Berlin : Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 2003. http://d-nb.info/1122836651/34.
Full text
33
Bellot, Grégory Vallette François. "Identification de nouveaux récepteurs mitochondriaux impliqués dans l'association des protéines pro-apoptotiques Bax et Bak avec la membrane externe au cours de l'apoptose mise en évidence d'un nouveau système de régulation /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=26786.
Full text
34
Gajová, Veronika. "Automatické třídění fotografií podle obsahu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236565.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose of this thesis is to design and implement a tool for automatic categorization of photos. The proposed tool is based on the Bag of Words classification method and it is realized as a plug-in for the XnView image viewer. The plug-in is able to classify a selected group of photos into predefined image categories. Subsequent notation of image categories is written directly into IPTC metadata of the picture as a keyword.
35
Francis, Crystal Raquel. "Reentry Practitioners' Perceptions of Constraints During Ex-offenders' Job Search Process." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5463.
Full textAbstract:
Unemployment among formerly incarcerated citizens is a complex problem that continues to grow. Previous reentry studies describe the collateral effects of incarceration on employment from the perspective of formerly incarcerated individuals, yet little academic research exists regarding reentry practitioners' perceptions of constraints during the job search process. Using Goldratt's theory of constraints as the foundation, the purpose of this case study of reentry and employment in a mid-Atlantic state was to explore from the perspective of practitioners, the types of constraints individuals with criminal records face during the job search process, the most difficult phase of the job search process, and recommendations on improving employment outcomes. Data for this study were obtained from 20 reentry professionals in Maryland, who completed an online, open-ended response survey. Data were inductively coded and subjected to thematic analysis procedure. The results showed that practitioners perceived the background check to be the most difficult phase in the job search process, and that external and environmental constraints such as employer bias and social stigma prevent individuals with criminal records from securing job offers. The results also showed that reentry professionals support automatic record expungement, record shielding, employer partnerships, and employment programming that provides job leads, resume building, and mock interview assistance. The positive social change implications stemming from this study include policy recommendations to policy makers to include centralizing and expanding the location of statewide employment centers, record shielding under the Second Chance Act, and fair education access through Ban-the Box for state colleges.
36
Němec, Lukáš. "Lokalizace mobilního robota v prostředí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-255455.
Full textAbstract:
This paper addresses the problem of mobile robot localization based on current 2D and 3D data and previous records. Focusing on practical loop detection in the trajectory of a robot. The objective of this work was to evaluate current methods of image processing and depth data for issues of localization in environment. This work uses Bag of Words for 2D data and environment of point cloud with Viewpoint Feature Histogram for 3D data. Designed system was implemented and evaluated.
37
Casado, Marcio Mello. "Abuso de direito processual do credor instituição financeira." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5542.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Marcio Mello Casado.pdf: 2672020 bytes, checksum: 8260a0b1b962ef2998eedf1e771f0d46 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2011-05-17Over the last sixteen years, Brazil has gone through important legislative modifications, which have been motivated by the need, in the economical field, of reducing the interests rate and the banking spread. The changes that have occurred, not only in civil procedure, were encouraged by the financial institutions and by the Central Bank of Brazil, through a series of annual reports. The model in which the modifications were based had as its foundation the paradigm that the lack of effectiveness in the civil procedure was the result of a system that granted many guarantees to the creditor, which would make it difficult for the credits to be obtained in court. In the field of substantial law, the legislation would obstruct a series of contractual practices carried out by the financial institutions, once abusive. The Judicial System, when interpreting these rules in force, would have an inadequate position, contrary to the interests of the financial institutions. The system would suffer from a moral risk. The legislation has been modified. Licit situations have become illicit. New forms of enforcement and its instruments have been created or improved. Although, the system still suffers from the sluggishness for parties to obtain their credits in court. The interests rate and the banking spread remain high. The diagnosis was mistaken. The obtaining of the credits in court was slow not because the Judiciary System was being lenient with de debtors, or because the legislation was retrograde or excessively protective. The abuse of procedural right by the financial institutions, with the sole aim of enforcing the contractual illegalities and to force the performance of undue installments is the cause for the delay on the closure of the law suits. The financial institutions, assumingly acting in bad faith, insist on using excessive procedural tools, in order to try to make illegality prevail. The process ends up operating not as a means of enforcing justice, but as a way to blackmail and to discourage the debtor of proceeding in the defense of his legitimate rights. However, one of the damaged parties by the abuse of procedural right is the creditor himself, as far as, with the reaction of the good faith debtor, the process tends to procrastinate, not because the debtor is not right, the opposite: the debtor is right and the creditor can t cope with this fact. Notwithstanding, the abuse of procedural right can only succeed when there is an active or omissible collaboration of the Judicial System. Jurisdiction becomes a means of realization of the abuse, instead of being the least likely place for it to be found in. At last, all the parties involved lose with the abuse of procedural right: the debtor, once, in some moment, could give up, even having the law on his side; the creditor, because it will take a long time for him to obtain his credit; the State, once the Judicial System must administrate a litigation which could have been solved way before. Also, the collectivity, under a diffuse point of view. The abuse of procedural right needs treatment, and this could be preventive, corrective or compensating
Nos últimos dezesseis anos, o Brasil sofreu importantes modificações legislativas motivadas pela necessidade, no âmbito econômico, de se reduzirem os juros e o spread bancário. As modificações que houve, não só no processo civil, foram incentivadas pelas instituições financeiras e pelo Banco Central do Brasil, em uma série de relatórios anuais. O modelo em que se fundamentaram as alterações tinha como base o paradigma de que a falta de efetividade no processo civil era fruto de um sistema que conferia muitas garantias ao devedor, o que dificultaria o recebimento dos créditos em juízo. No âmbito do direito material, a legislação impediria uma série de práticas contratuais das instituições financeiras, porque abusivas. O judiciário, ao interpretar tais normas vigentes, teria uma postura inadequada, contrária aos interesses das instituições financeiras. O sistema padeceria de um risco moral. A legislação foi modificada. O que era ilícito passou a ser permitido. Novas formas de execução e meios executivos foram criados ou aperfeiçoados. Todavia, o sistema ainda padece com a lentidão no recebimento de créditos em juízo. Os juros e o spread bancário continuam elevados. O diagnóstico foi equivocado. O recebimento de créditos bancários em juízo era lento não porque o judiciário fosse leniente com os devedores, a legislação fosse retrógada ou excessivamente protetiva. O abuso de direito processual das instituições financeiras, com o objetivo de fazer valer os ilícitos contratuais e forçar o adimplemento de parcelas indevidas é que causa o retardamento da conclusão dos processos. As instituições financeiras, em presumida má-fé, insistem em se valer de meios processuais excessivos para fazer com que prevaleça a ilegalidade. O processo acaba servindo não como um meio de se fazer justiça, mas como uma forma de chantagem, um meio para desencorajar o devedor de prosseguir na defesa de seus legítimos direitos. Entretanto, um dos lesados com o abuso do direito processual é o próprio credor, na medida em que, na reação do devedor de boa-fé, o processo tende a se prolongar no tempo, não porque o devedor não tenha razão, ao contrário, porque ele a tem e o credor não se conforma com isto. O abuso de direito processual somente obtém sucesso quando há colaboração, ativa ou omissiva, do Poder Judiciário A jurisdição passa a ser um meio para realização do abuso, ao invés de ser o último local onde ele deveria existir. No final, todos os envolvidos perdem com o abuso de direito processual: o devedor, porque em algum momento pode ceder, mesmo tendo o direito a seu favor; o credor, porque demora a receber; o Estado, pois o Poder Judiciário tem de administrar um litígio que poderia ser resolvido muitos antes. A coletividade, dentro de uma visão difusa. O abuso de direito processual necessita de tratamento e ele pode ser preventivo, corretivo ou ressarcitório
38
Kotsafti, Andromachi. "Meccanismi estrinseci ed intrinseci del processo apoptotico nell'epatocarcinogenesi." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425956.
Full textAbstract:
The mechanisms underlying the strict correlation between viral infection, cirrhosis and HCC development have been investigated in deep, but, despite this several aspects are still largely unknown or understood only in part. Hepatitis B and C viruses seem to be involved in neoplastic transformation through both direct and indirect mechanisms, due to inflammation process and the capacity of viral proteins in modulating the proliferation and the death of infected hepatocytes. Moreover it has been hypothesized that dysregulation of apoptotic process in infected cells could be a crucial step for the cronicity of infection, in the failure to antiviral treatment and in the neoplastic transformation.
Although apoptosis can be triggered by several different stimuli, apoptotic signalling within the cell is transduced mainly via two defined molecular pathways: the death receptor pathways, also called extrinsic pathway (Fas/FasL, TNF-?/TNF-R1-R2) and the mitochondrial pathway also called the intrinsic pathway (Bcl-2, Bax, Bad). Other plasma membrane receptors such as IL-1b and TGF-b1 and intrinsic mediators as BI-1 and NF-kB are involved in the apoptotic pathways. In this study mRNA expression of mediators of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic process was evaluated. The liver biopsies and the surgical hepatic tissues obtained from patients with different degree of liver disease were used. mRNA transcripts were detected by gene amplifications techniques. on the basis of our results human hepatocytes cultures were performed. Primary hepatocytes were treated with TNF-a, Staurosporine and LY294002, protein-kinase inhibitors, in order to evaluate the activation and/or the inhibition of these mediators in the apoptotic process.
Aims
In the first part the study was performed in order to:
1) evaluate the mRNA expression of Fas/FasL, TNF-?, IL-1?, TGFß-1, Bcl-2, Bax, Bad, BI-1 and NF-kB in liver tissues from patients with different degrees of liver damage, from chronic hepatitis, to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
2) determine whether HCV and HBV infection modulates their expression
3) analyze the protein expression of the mediators identified by Western Blot, in liver tissues from patients with HCC
the second part included an "in vitro" study in order to:
4) culture primary human hepatocytes
5) evaluate the different apoptotic pathways in human hepatocytes after stimulation with:
a) TNF-?, mainly proinflammatory cytokine found in abundance in the inflammatory process relating to liver injury
b) Staurosporine (STS), a potent protein tyrosine/serine kinase inhibitor with an antiproliferative and anti-apoptotic activity in many tumoral cells
c) LY294002 synthetic inhibitor of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)
Material and methods
We examined 62 patients: 39 with chronic hepatitis (CH), 7 with cirrhosis (CIRR), 13 with hepatocellular carcinoma HCC) and 3 controls (Contr). The Fas/FasL, IL-ß and TNF-? mRNAs were quantified by Semiquantitative RT-PCR, while the Bcl-2, Bax, Bad, BI-1, NF-kB and TGFß-1 mRNAs were quantified by quantitative Real Time PCR, using ß-actin as the housekeeping gene. The protein expression of NF-kB in tissues with HCC was analyzed by Western Blot.
Results
Tissues:
Fas/FasL mRNA expression:
Fas mRNA levels were significantly increased in CIRR when compared with HCC (p=0.026) while FasL mRNAs showed a statistically significant differences between CIRR and cirrhotic tissues surrounding tumours (PHCC) (p=0.018) or HCC (p=0.005).
IL-1ß mRNA expression:
PHCC tissues had higher IL-1b levels than either CH tissues (p<0,0001) or CIRR tissues (p=0,005).
TNF-? mRNA expression:
TNF-ß mRNAs were increased in CIRR tissues compared with PHCC (p=0,038) and HCC tissues (p=0,05).
TGFß-1 mRNA expression:
In CH tissues, TGFß-1 mRNA expression was significantly lower than in HCC (p=0,014) or PHCC tissues (p=0,028).
Bcl-2 mRNA expression:
Bcl-2 mRNA levels were statistically higher in PHCC when compared with normal liver tissues (p=0,026), with CH (p=0,004), and with CIRR (p=0,05).
BI-1 mRNA expression:
CH tissues expressed the highest BI-1 mRNA amount that was significantly higher when compared to cirrhotic tissues (p=0,033), cirrhotic tissues surrounding tumours (p<0,001) and HCC (p<0,001).
Bad mRNA expression:
Contr tissues showed the highest Bad transcript levels, which were statistically higher than in CH (p=0,006), PHCC (p=0,005), or HCC (p=0,002). CH coincided with higher Bad levels than in PHCC or HCC tissues (p=0,00006 and p=0,0007, respectively)
Bax mRNA expression:
No differences in Bax expression were observed.
NF-kB mRNA expression:
CONTR expressed the lowest NF-kB mRNA amount, significantly lower when compared with CH (p=0.05) and PHCC (p=0.05).
HBV HCV infection:
In CH, only TNF-?, IL-1ß and Bad mRNA expression were significantly different in HBV-related infection versus HCV-related infection.
Human hepatocytes:
TNF-? treatment:
Human hepatocytes incubated with TNF-? showed the highest levels of FasL (solo a 12h), IL-1ß(until 24h), TGFß-1 (24 e 48h), Bcl-2 (4h, 24h), Bad (24 and 48h) and NF-kB (8h) respect to unstimulated cells.
No differences in Fas, Bax, Bad (until 12h) , NF-kB (until 4h) e TGFß-1 (until 12h) mRNA levels were observed.
Staurosporine (STS) treatment:
In cells treated with STS, Bcl-2 mRNA expression until 48h of culture, was significantly lower than in unstimulated cells. No difference in TGFß-1, Bax, and NF-kB mRNAs levels were observed at the different time of incubation. While an increase in Bad mRNA at 12h and in BI-1 mRNA at 8 and 24h were observed.
LY294002 treatment:
LY294002 induce a strong inhibition of Bcl-2 mRNA (until 24h) in hepatocyte culture when compared with hepatocyte culture with medium alone. No difference in TGFß-1, Bax, and NF-kB mRNAs levels were observed while high levels of Bad mRNA at 12, 24 and 48h and of BI-1 from 8 to 24h of incubation were observed.
Pre-treatment with STS and LY294002 :
The pre-treatment of human hepatocytes for 1h with LY294002 and the following treatment with TNF-? inhibits the Bcl-2 mRNA expression until 48h when compared with cell treated with TNF-? without the pre-treatment. This inhibition was completely resolved after 48h of incubation.
In cells pretreated with LY294002 respect to the cells treated with TNF-? alone, were observed the highest levels of Bax after 4h, Bad after 24h e BI-1 after 24h of incubation.
No difference in TGFß-1 and NF-kB mRNAs expression were observed
In the cells pre-treated with STS only the BI-1 transcript levels were increased until 24h.
TISSUES
Fas/FasL system expression is upregulated in chronically-damaged livers while the onset of cancer is associated with a shut-down of this system in HCC, as a defense mechanisms adopted by HCC against the immune system.
High levels of IL-1ß mRNA transcripts observed in cirrhotic tissues surrounding tumours, may be the result of an increased activation of lymphocytes o monocytes in the liver.
Contrary, the low expression of TNF-? mRNA transcripts in cirrhotic tissues surrounding tumours and HCC may be the result of loss function of Kupffer cells, one of the main sources of production of TNF-? in the liver.
The Bcl-2 hyperexpression observed in cirrhotic peritumoral tissues seems to play an important part in regulating cell survival in damaged liver cells, which may contribute to the persistence of HBV or HCV and thus activate cell proliferation and cell transformation.
The upregulation of the Bad-induced pro-apoptotic pathway in CH seems to be more relevant in controlling apoptosis in liver tissues with HBV infection suggesting an important role of the proteins of HBV particularly in early liver diseases.
Moreover the BI-1 expression decrease correlates closely with the progression of liver damage from CH to cirrhosis and HCC and indicate a role of BI-1 as regulator of apoptosis in early diseases. The high BI-1 mRNA levels observed in CH may provide protection against apoptosis of liver cells virus infected, on the other hand the down regulation of BI-1 observed in HCC tissues seems to favour the hapatocellular carcinogenesis.
The persistently elevated levels of NF-kB in all stage of liver diseases, seems to depends on a chronic inflammatory with an consequently increased risk of hepatic fibrosis and of an HCC milieu.
The different pattern of IL-1ß, TNF-? and Bad expression in HCV- and HBV-related liver disease points to a different modulation of the immune response on the one hand, and to a different apoptotic activation pathways on the other.
HUMAN HEPATOCYTES
IL-1ß and TNF-? are proinflammatory cytokines always secreted during inflammation.
The high IL-1ß mRNA transcripts induced by TNF-? stimulation in primary human hepatocytes suggest that the presence of TNF-? in the hepatic microenvironment contributes to the increase in IL-1ß with a consequent intensification of inflammatory, proliferative and regenerative processes.
No difference in Fas/FasL mRNAs expression was observed after TNF-? treatment, suggesting that the expression of these mediators was not modulated by the extracellular TNF-? factor in our experimental conditions.
Bcl-2 is an antiapoptotic member of the intrinsic Bcl-2 family and its activation by TNF-? might explain the resistance to apoptotic process induced by TNF-? also observed in mouse and rat hepatocyte cultures.
Pre-treatment and treatment with STS, LY924002 and TNF-? reduce the Bcl-2 transcript levels by comparison with the levels obtained from cells treated with TNF-? alone. These effects were particularly evident using LY924002. STS is considered a scarcely-selective kinase inhibitor known for its toxicity, while LY924002 represents a highly specific PI3K inhibitor.
Bax and Bad are pro-apoptotic members of the BCl-2 family.
TNF-?, STS and LY294002 had no effect on Bax expression in human hepatocytes compared with hepatocytes incubated with medium alone, whereas Bad mRNA levels increased after stimulation with TNF-? STS and LY294002, particularly after 12 to 48 hours of incubation.
Costimulation with LY294002 and TNF-? increases the Bad mRNAs after 24h and 48h of incubation. So, when the antiapoptotic pathway (Bcl-2) was inhibited in primary human hepatocytes, members of the apoptotic pathway (Bad and Bax) were activated.
39
Feitosa, Neto Antonino Alves. "An?lise das medidas de boa e m? diversidade na constru??o de comit?s de classificadores atrav?s de metaheur?sticas de otimiza??o multiobjetivo." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18062.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:48:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
AntonioAFN_DISSERT.pdf: 3187796 bytes, checksum: c8d44014d0b75e991f4f3b3473a8dcd5 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012-08-24Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Committees of classifiers may be used to improve the accuracy of classification systems, in other words, different classifiers used to solve the same problem can be combined for creating a system of greater accuracy, called committees of classifiers. To that this to succeed is necessary that the classifiers make mistakes on different objects of the problem so that the errors of a classifier are ignored by the others correct classifiers when applying the method of combination of the committee. The characteristic of classifiers of err on different objects is called diversity. However, most measures of diversity could not describe this importance. Recently, were proposed two measures of the diversity (good and bad diversity) with the aim of helping to generate more accurate committees. This paper performs an experimental analysis of these measures applied directly on the building of the committees of classifiers. The method of construction adopted is modeled as a search problem by the set of characteristics of the databases of the problem and the best set of committee members in order to find the committee of classifiers to produce the most accurate classification. This problem is solved by metaheuristic optimization techniques, in their mono and multi-objective versions. Analyzes are performed to verify if use or add the measures of good diversity and bad diversity in the optimization objectives creates more accurate committees. Thus, the contribution of this study is to determine whether the measures of good diversity and bad diversity can be used in mono-objective and multi-objective optimization techniques as optimization objectives for building committees of classifiers more accurate than those built by the same process, but using only the accuracy classification as objective of optimization
Comit?s de classificadores podem ser empregados para melhorar a acur?cia de sistemas de classifica??o, ou seja, diferentes classificadores aplicados ? solu??o de um mesmo problema podem ser combinados gerando um sistema de maior acur?cia, denominado de comit?s de classificadores. Para que se obtenha sucesso ? necess?rio que os classificadores apresentem erros em diferentes objetos do problema para que assim os erros de um classificador sejam suprimidos pelo acerto dos demais na aplica??o do m?todo de combina??o do comit?. A caracter?stica dos classificadores de errarem em objetos diferentes ? denominada de diversidade. No entanto, as maiorias das medidas de diversidade n?o conseguiam descrever essa import?ncia. Recentemente, foram propostas duas medidas de diversidade (boa e m? diversidade) as medidas de boa e m? diversidade com o objetivo de auxiliar a gera??o de comit?s mais acurados. Este trabalho efetua uma an?lise experimental dessas medidas aplicadas diretamente na constru??o de comit?s de classificadores. O m?todo de constru??o adotado ? modelado como um problema de busca pelo melhor conjunto de caracter?sticas das bases de dados do problema e pelo melhor conjunto de membros do comit? a fim de encontrar o comit? de classificadores que apresente ? maior acur?cia de classifica??o. Esse problema ? resolvido atrav?s de t?cnicas de otimiza??o metaheur?sticas, nas vers?es mono e multiobjetivo. S?o efetuadas an?lises estat?sticas para verificar se usar ou adicionar as medidas de boa e m? diversidade como objetivos de otimiza??o resulte comit?s mais acurados. Assim, a contribui??o desse trabalho ? determinar se as medidas de boa e m? diversidade podem ser utilizadas em t?cnicas de otimiza??o mono e multiobjetivo como objetivos de otimiza??o para constru??o de comit?s de classificadores mais acurados que aqueles constru?dos pelo mesmo processo, por?m utilizando somente a acur?cia de classifica??o como objetivo de otimiza??o
40
Janek, Tomáš. "Předpjatý most číslo 202 na rychlostní komunikaci R2 na Slovensku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227822.
Full textAbstract:
My diploma thesis deals with design of the bridge number 202 on expressway in Slovakia. The bridge leads across the road number I50 (between Trenčín and Bánovce nad Bebravou) and railway number 130 (between Trenčín and Chynorany). For each course there is a separate super-structure. Only left super-structure is considered for the work. The box girder with four spans is chosen from three variations. This bridge is designed according to limit states, construction´s influence on design is taking into consideration. Structural model of construction is made as a spatial bar model. Structural analysis, well arranged drawings and visualization are elaborated in this thesis too.
41
Abid, Muhammad Rizwan. "Visual Recognition of a Dynamic Arm Gesture Language for Human-Robot and Inter-Robot Communication." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32800.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents a novel Dynamic Gesture Language Recognition (DGLR) system for human-robot and inter-robot communication.
We developed and implemented an experimental setup consisting of a humanoid robot/android able to recognize and execute in real time all the arm gestures of the Dynamic Gesture Language (DGL) in similar way as humans do.
Our DGLR system comprises two main subsystems: an image processing (IP) module and a linguistic recognition system (LRS) module. The IP module enables recognizing individual DGL gestures. In this module, we use the bag-of-features (BOFs) and a local part model approach for dynamic gesture recognition from images. Dynamic gesture classification is conducted using the BOFs and nonlinear support-vector-machine (SVM) methods. The multiscale local part model preserves the temporal context.
The IP module was tested using two databases, one consisting of images of a human performing a series of dynamic arm gestures under different environmental conditions and a second database consisting of images of an android performing the same series of arm gestures.
The linguistic recognition system (LRS) module uses a novel formal grammar approach to accept DGL-wise valid sequences of dynamic gestures and reject invalid ones. LRS consists of two subsystems: one using a Linear Formal Grammar (LFG) to derive the valid sequence of dynamic gestures and another using a Stochastic Linear Formal Grammar (SLFG) to occasionally recover gestures that were unrecognized by the IP module. Experimental results have shown that the DGLR system had a slightly better overall performance when recognizing gestures made by a human subject (98.92% recognition rate) than those made by the android (97.42% recognition rate).
42
Sommé, Monique. "Isabelle de Portugal, duchesse de Bourgogne, une femme au pouvoir au quinzième siècle." Lille 3, 1995. https://books.openedition.org/septentrion/121370.
Full textAbstract:
Isabelle de Portugal (1397-1471), épouse en 1430 de Philippe le Bon, duc de Bourgogne, a exercé son autorité et sa protection sur une sphère familiale large composée de son fils Charles, de batards du duc, de cousins, de neveux et nièces, dont plusieurs furent des portugais. Elle disposait de ressources abondantes, certaines attribuées au maître de la chambre aux deniers pour le fonctionnement de son hôtel, d'autres étant des fonds propres provenant de ses domaines en Flandre, Artois et Bourgogne, de dons et d'aides votées par les états. Son hôtel, dont plus de quatre cents personnes ont été identifiées, formait un milieu protégé d'hommes et de femmes, de nobles et de roturiers, qui partageaient sa vie itinérante, essentiellement aux Pays-Bas. La stabilité de l'emploi y était remarquable. La duchesse a été associée par le duc au gouvernement de l'état et, en son absence, disposait de complètes délégations de pouvoir. Elle a montré une grande compétence dans la gestion des finances et a joué un role diplomatique important dans les relations de la Bourgogne avec l'Angleterre et la France. Son hôtel a été dissous à sa demande en 1455 et, en 1457, elle s'est retirée de la cour pour vivre dans la charité et encourager les formes nouvelles de vie religieuse, mais elle revint à la vie publique pendant les premières années (1467-1471) du règne de Charles le TéméraireIsabel of Portugal, became in 1430 wife of Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy, has exercised her authority and her protection on a large family compound of her son Charles, bastards of the duke, cousins, nepews and nieces, some of whom were portuguese. She had at one's disposal abundant resources, some attributed to the maitre de la chambre aux deniers for the functioning of her household, others own stocks coming from her domains in Flanders, Artois and Burgundy, gifts or taxes. Her household more four hundred persons of whom were identified constituted a protected environment of men and women, nobles and commoners, who shared her itinerant life, mainly in low countries. The stability of the employment was remarkable. The duchess was associated to the state government by the duke and, in his absence, was appointed to govern. She has showed a great competence in the financial administration and acted efficiently in the diplomatic relations of burgundy with england and France. According to her request her househould was broken-up in 1455 and in 1457 she retired out of the court to life in charity and to encourage the new forms of religious life, but she came back to the public life during the first years (1467-1471) of the reign of Charles the Bold
43
Mertová, Eliška. "Dálniční most přes široké údolí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265345.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this diploma thesis was the design of three possible variants, how to span the wide and deep valley with a bridge. After an evaluation, situation of the highway on the only wide load-bearing structure which is constituted by a box girder with transverse cantilevers supported by prefabricated bar braces, was chosen as an optimal solving. The load- bearing structure made of post- tensioned concrete is going to be incrementally launched and be supported by one-column pillars along an axis of the motorway. The work is composed of a detailed design of this preferred variant, which is processed according to the ultimate and serviceability limit state including the construction stage analysis of the bridge by the construction technology by an incremental launching method.
44
Černá, Klára. "Charakterizace adsorbčních vlastností probiotických bakterií." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376799.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the diploma thesis is to characterize the adsorption properties of probiotic bacteria. Characterization was performed using of designed and optimized spectrophotometric method of determination of adhesion of probiotic bacteria to mucin as the main viscoelastic component of mucus. In order to provide a more detailed description of the adhesion interactions involved in the adhesion of probiotic bacteria to mucin, the viability of selected probiotic bacterial strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus CCM 1825, Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 7039, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CCM 7190, Lactobacillus acidophilus CCM 4833, Lactobacillus casei CCM 4798, Bifidobacterium breve CCM 7825, Bacillus coagulans CCM 2658 and a potential probiotic strain of Lactobacillus zeae CCM 7069. Moreover, bacterial adhesion to carbohydrates was also determined for all the bacteria tested. The last proposed and optimized technique was dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering characterizing surface properties such as -potential, average size distribution and isoelectric point. From this method, information was obtained on aggregation of bacterial cells and on electrostatic interactions. The combination of these methods was used as a complex tool to characterize adhesion of the tested bacterial cultures as a very specific, sensitive and key parameter of a successful probiotic microorganism that is influence by the multiple effects.
45
Gonzalez, Vieyra Joel Abraham. "Estimation et Contrôle des Systèmes Dynamiques à Entrées Inconnues et Energies Renouvelables." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECLI0012/document.
Full textAbstract:
De nos jours, les processus industriels se doivent d’être efficaces, en particulier au niveau de leur production et/ou consommation énergétique.Ce travail vise à améliorer l’efficacité des processus en analysant l’influence des perturbations sur leur comportement, de la phase de conception à la synthèse des contrôleurs/observateurs, ceci dans une approche intégrée.Le problème du Rejet de Perturbation est introduit ainsi que différents types de contrôles permettant d’atténuer et/ou rejeter ces perturbations. Le système de Barre de Torsion est présenté. Une loi de commande basée sur le concept d’état dérivé est présentée et ensuite validée avec comme application le rejet de perturbation. Il est nécessaire d’estimer les grandeurs physiques utilisées dans les différentes expressions de loi de commande. Un observateur à entrées inconnues basé sur la représentation bond graph est rappelé et ensuite étendu au cas multi-variable. C’est la première contribution théorique de ce travail de recherche.Nous comparons ensuite l’efficacité de différentes techniques de commandes pour le rejet de perturbation par simulation sur le système barre de torsion et analysons ainsi l’efficacité de la technique proposée. Une extension théorique au problème du découplage entrée-sortie nous permet de généraliser le problème du rejet de perturbation dans une même démarche intégrée d’analyse et de synthèse. Enfin, ces techniques sont exploitées et analysées sur le système réel. Nous validons ainsi expérimentalement nos résultats.Un modèle très simplifié de centrale hydroélectrique est développé afin d’appliquer les résultats de nos travaux. Un modèle bond graph simplifié est validé par simulationNowadays, industrial processes must be efficient, particularly at the production level and/or energy consumption.This research work aims at improving the process efficiency by analysing the influences of disturbances on their behaviour, from the conception phase to the synthesis of controller/observer, in an integrated approach.The disturbance rejection problem is first introduced as well as different control laws allowing attenuate/reject these disturbances. A control law based on the concept of derivative state variable is presented and validated while applied as disturbance rejection.In order to reject the disturbance, different physical variables must be estimated, such as state variables, derivative state variables as disturbance variables. An unknown input observer based on the bond graph representation is recalled and extended in the multivariable case. It is the first theoretical contribution of this work.We thus compare the efficiency of different so-called «modern control laws» for the disturbance rejection problems by simulation with the Torsion-Bar system example. We analyse the efficiency of our approach. One extension to the Input-Output decoupling problem allows us to extend the disturbance rejection problem to other control law type in an integrated approach. At least, these techniques are applied on the real Torsion-Bar system and compared. We validate our approach.Since this work aims at analysing and developing efficient control laws for industrial processes, a simplified model of a hydroelectric plant is developed, in order to apply our results. A simplified bond graph model is validated with simulations
46
Cerisuelo, Marc. "L'Instauration du cinéma : Poétique des films et interprétation : L'exemple des métafilms hollywoodiens." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030188.
Full textAbstract:
La presente etude se propose d'illustrer les liens entre la poetique des films, l'histoire du cinema et la necessite d'une approche interpretative d'inspiration litteraire et philosophique. Une longue introduction presente la "discipline" en justifiant le recours au terme de poetique, et s'attache a demontrer - ou a rappeler - que le cinema n'est pas l'art de l'image. Une premiere partie definit la notion de metafilm, en la distinguant des autres productions consacrees au cinema et en proposant l'idee d'un genre ouvert. La seconde partie etudie le deploiement historique du genre a hollywood. La conclusion rappelle l'importance du mepris comme fil conducteur des etudes metafilmiquesThe object of this study is to establish the relationships between poetics of film, film history and the claim of an interpretation based upon a literary background and a philosophical point of view. A "metafilm" is not just one more "movie-about-themovies". This study will attempt to show how, from show people to fedora, the hollywood tradition provides a real discourse of the film
47
Pappas, Adlreburg Nickolas. "To Make Iron of Iron : A Comprehensive Analytical Study of Spade Shaped Iron Bars." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-145694.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aims to provide adequate analytical information on the spade shaped iron bars of Norrland and central Sweden. While their significance has been thoroughly debated for decades, analytical research on them has been confined to cases of single artefacts or theoretical interpretations of their value, meaning and origin. In this study a comprehensive approach is taken into consideration. Based on X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and metallographical analysis this thesis seeks to facilitate new interpretations on quality, production centres and usage based on analytical results. Aiming to settle some of the long lasting questions regarding the artefacts while producing results which can further the discussion by raising new questions, previously unasked.
48
MALTAGLIATI, GIACOMO. "Behavioral ecology of bats in urban and suburban areas: an eco-ethological approach to conservation." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/797276.
Full textAbstract:
Human tolerant species of bats are an important constituent of the biodiversity, albeit-low, in urban and suburban ecosystems. They usually survive by taking refuge inside human artefacts and sometimes using urban green spaces as foraging areas, where they assist in regulating insect density thus providing an important ecosystem service to citizens. Their conservation is therefore particularly important also because of their status which is threatened throughout Europe.
I studied the ecology of the shelters choice of both the group of species which roost in buildings and in other human artefacts in Italy: crevice dwelling bats and those that need larger volumes like attics or cellars.
As a model species to study the latter group I chose a nursery colony of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum which during the spring-autumn period live in the Natural Park of Migliarino San Rossore Massaciuccoli. I monitored four different roosts that the colony can select throughout the year and I found that the internal microclimatic conditions (temperature and relative humidity) as well as the risk of predation influence significantly the choice by bats which can easily shift between their roosts in cases of necessity.
To study the preferences of crevice dwelling bats I used the bat boxes, which are artificial roosts for bats. These shelters were placed by a large amount of citizen volunteers who monitored the colonization of their roosts throughout the year. Monitoring data were collected yearly and their analysis showed a similar trend to the other group of species. Bats choose their roost to better suit their termoregulatory needs and to avoid the risk of predation, selecting the roosts placed since more time. The study, which was conducted over more years, also showed that bats learn to use bat boxes over time, colonizing them earlier in the years subsequent the first year of occupation. I also studied more in depth how the internal temperature affects the choice of roosts in crevice dwelling bats and I found that these animals likely select the roost in order to save energy during the daily torpor.
My results also showed a minor utilization of spring-autumn roosts during winter by some individuals both in crevice dwelling and in species which need large volumes. This may be related either to the urban heat-island effect or to a general climate change, at least in the strictly urban species.
I also studied the emergence and pre-emergence behavior of a nursery colony of R. ferrumequinum throughout the year, also focusing on the reproductive period. The nightly emergence in bats is a tradeoff between the opportunity to prey and the risk of being a prey for diurnal raptorial birds. The onset of such behaviour is regulated by an endogenous circadian rhythm which is adjusted by various ecological factors. I showed that the onset of the emergence, as well as its distribution of intensity, is influenced by the temperature and by the evening light intensity which facilitate the evening arousal and decrease the predation risk, respectively. The onset of the pre-emergence light-sampling behavior is also anticipated by the presence of pups which increase the trophic necessities of lactating females. The duration of the nightly emergence is although mainly influenced by the presence of juveniles which, leaving later than adults to avoid predation, cause a longer emergence.
The distribution of about 50000 bat boxes over five years through the “BAT BOX: be a bat’s friend” project also allowed to involve people directly in a conservation programme entirely focused on bats. To raise people interest and awareness I properly talked, through public meetings, interviews and brochures, about the ecosystem services that bats perform. In particular I focused on the control of insects, thus contributing to change the originally bad attitude toward bats. Through the project I succeeded in positively influencing the behavior of people, making bats a flagship species for the sustainable control of harmful insects.
49
""Should it even be a question?": A critical discourse analysis of efforts to remove barriers to college admission for people with criminal convictions." Tulane University, 2021.
Find full textAbstract:
archives@tulane.eduIn this dissertation, I analyze the development and dissemination of state-level policies to prohibit colleges from considering criminal history for purposes of admissions otherwise known as ban the box in higher education. This research engages with practical and instructive questions of how individuals or coalitions can learn from other policy campaigns to strategically reduce the collateral consequences of criminal convictions. I conducted a collective case study of the first five states to introduce ban the box in higher education legislation, namely New York, Illinois, Maryland, Louisiana, and Washington. I used critical discourse analysis to analyze all available media and social media content to identify where legislation was filed and major stakeholders. I then transcribed and analyzed all available legislative hearings and interviewed key stakeholders to determine the dominant discourses within and across five states. The study found that legislators and advocates evoked the following arguments in opposition to ban the box in higher education: positive self/ negative other, paternalistic decision making, uselessness, and fear of the undeserving. In support, advocates and legislators used arguments that emphasized individual benefits, community benefits, and diversity. Advocates in support also presented personal testimony from formerly incarcerated students and alumni to humanize people with convictions. The findings illuminate possible strategies and barriers to passing supportive policy that reduces collateral consequences and limits the reach of the criminal legal system.
1
Annie Phoenix
50
CHIN-ERH, CHANG, and 張進二. "Research on Optimized Inclination of Bar-Screen Installed where an open Channel Connecting to a Box Culvert." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53112595646691605844.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
土木工程與防災科技研究所
99
This study is devoted to the research and development of the bar screen with garbage-cleaning platform installed at the junction where an open channel connects to a box culvert and the design of the bar screen’s optimized inclination. Firstly, the inclination of the bar screen that would not obstruct the drainage area of the box culvert is derived. Secondly, this study obtains the angle that enables the garbage and driftwoods to overcome the friction of the inclining bars and climb up to the garbage-cleaning platform by themselves. Based on the equal number of the above-mentioned degree of inclination, the garbage-cleaning platform is designed. This cleaning platform makes it possible for the garbage and driftwoods to climb up by themselves and does not obstruct the optimized inclination of the box culvert’s drainage area and the best width in cooperation with the iron components of the bar screen. Through interior and exterior hydraulic model tests, it is proved that the best angle for #3-bamboo-steel bar screen which will enable the garbage to climb up to the cleaning platform and will not obstruct the drainage area of the box culverts is 45.14°, while that for bar screen made of smooth aluminum pipe is 60.23°