Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bassins côtiers'
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Lepage, Hugo. "Traçage de la dispersion des sédiments contaminés dans les bassins versants côtiers de Fukushima." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112183/document.
Full textLarge quantities of radionuclides were released into the atmosphere by the Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) after the earthquake-triggered tsunami devastated the eastern coast of Japan on March 11, 2011. Many of these radionuclides (20%) were deposited on soils of the Fukushima Prefecture. This PhD thesis develops original fingerprinting methods to track the dispersion of contaminated particles following this accident. The study focuses on 3 coastal catchments north of the FDNPP (Mano — 175km², Niida — 270km² and Ota — 75km²) draining heavily contaminated areas of the radioactive plume. The Fukushima Prefecture is characterized by an erosive climate, with the occurrence of spring floods and summer typhoons. To study the dispersion of the radioactive contamination, soil samples and sediment drape deposits were collected during 6 sampling campaigns (every six months between November 2011 and May 2014; i.e., after the major flood events). Each sample was analyzed by gamma spectrometry to determine radionuclide activities, and several soil and sediment samples were also analyzed by neutron activation analysis to determine their geochemistry. First, the analysis of 137Cs activity in 10 soil cores collected in paddy fields confirmed the limited migration of radiocesium with depth in the soils of the coastal catchments. More than 90% of the contamination was still concentrated in the uppermost 2cm of the soils by November 2013. Particles contaminated were therefore available for mobilization and transport downstream by processes that govern soil erosion. Second, metastable silver-110 (110mAg) was detected in most of the samples collected between November 2011 and November 2012, and our investigation showed that this radionuclide has a similar behavior as 137Cs in soil and sediment. Consequently, we used 110mAg to track the dispersion of the contamination as the 110mAg/137Cs activity ratio in soils of the Niida catchment showed significant differences between upstream and downstream locations. The use of a binary mixing model allowed the identification of a seasonal cycle of erosion and dispersion of particles. However, as 110mAg has a short half-life (250 days), it rapidly decayed and could not be detected anymore by May 2013. To overcome its disappearance, the contribution of soils located on the mountainous plateaus to the sediment transiting the river in the coastal plains was quantified based on their 137Cs signature. Binary mixing models were used, based on the distributions of 137Cs in mountainous areas (> 20 kBq/m²) and in coastal plains (< 20 kBq/m²). The results demonstrated that the contribution of the mountainous area varied in the different catchments. In the Niida catchment where no dam has been built, the mountainous area supplies more sediment to the river (≈46%) than in the Mano catchment that has a dam (≈20%). These results show the impact of dams generating a sediment disconnectivity. Finally, the soil map of the region was used in order to identify the soil types that may supply sediment to the rivers. The main soil types (Andosols, Cambisols and Fluvisols) were characterized by their geochemical composition, and Sc and Yb were identified as the most discriminant elements. The distributions of these elements in the three sources were used in a mixing model. Results show that Fluvisols are the main source supplying >70% of sediment to the rivers in both catchments. This soil type is mainly found in paddy fields, which confirms the enhanced erodibility of these cultivated areas. In the future, the dataset compiled could be used to improve soil erosion model operating at the catchment scale. Moreover, the impact of the ongoing decontamination works on the dispersion of contaminated sediments should be investigated
Payet, Évelyne. "Étude des dynamiques de dégradation des sols, à l'échelle des bassins versants côtiers de l’océan Indien." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0031/document.
Full textSince the 20th centuries, the Southwest of Indian Ocean is particularly affected by anthropogenic degradations. This study aims to analyze degradations on drainage basin scale, which allows a suitable monitoring of critical areas, in the southwest of Indian Ocean. It focus on the assessment of land degradation and its causes, land cover change and erosion.The main difficulty stands in the implementation of reproducible methods and proceeds for developed and developing countries. In light of this, remote sensing data are relevant. Those data enable a regular observation of phenomena, allowing a full description of isolated lands and at different scale. This study combined, remote sensing data processing, spatial analysis and modeling to analyze degradations. Approaches include, data collection, their formatting or their preprocessing. Land cover information provided from Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) methodologies and Geographical Information System (GIS) authorized data conditioning and modeling. On the Fiherenana catchment, soil loss has been computed taking into account land cover changes. Those information were provided from SPOT 4 and 5 images from 2001 to 2013. Results confirmed the forest degradation especially in Ranobé, where we recorded a loss of more than 230 km² over 12 years. Lands affected by erosion process, spatialized and quantified by RUSLE model, also increased over this period. On La Rivière des Pluies, IGN’s orthophotographies, from 1997 until 2012, permitted urbans imprint analyzing. On Grand Éboulis site, vegetation monitoring revealed slumps. The study exposed spatial and quantitative results highlighting degradations dynamics on catchm
Chu, Yin. "Flux de polluants en crue sur des petits bassins versants côtiers méditerranéens : sources, estimation et modélisation." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20015.
Full textRobinet, Tony. "Mécanismes de persistance des assemblages piscicoles en eau douce : des bassins côtiers continentaux aux îles océaniques." La Rochelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LAROS117.
Full textA fish assemblage is constituted by fish species living in a given system at a given time. The composition of the freshwater fish assemblage in a catchment depends of many multiscale factors. Insular freshwater systems, as continental coastal catchments or oceanic islands, are of interest to understand the persistence conditions of the fish species occurring there. At different degrees of insularity, this study analyses mechanisms of persistence of fish species in freshwaters according to their reproductive and migratory strategies. From the coastal catchments of the North-West of France to the Reunion Island in the Indian Ocean, we study the species assemblages, different at the taxonomic level, but comparable at the life-history traits level (movements ability, migration, reproduction). The persistence mechanisms of the fish assemblage are considered on the first hand at the river's scale, with multi-years surveys, in a small coastal and continental river (the Fremur) and in the 13 rivers of the Reunion Island. Then, the study of the density variations and extinction probability of species at the river's scale allows us to discuss on the specific composition of the fish assemblage at a regional scale in coastal continental rivers and oceanic islands. Among the various strategies developed to persist in different conditions of insularity, migratory or sedentary species, freshwater- or sea-spawning, anadromous, catdromous or amphidromous, the dispersal strategy of eels is present in all the catchments we studied. Thus, the estuarine and riverine recruitment of eels in the Reunion Island is presented with the results of a one-year survey, and the regional conditions of persistence of this particular strategy are discussed
Debals, Benoît. "Etude sédimentologique des formations quaternaires des bassins des fleuves côtiers du Roussillon (France) : vallée de la Têt et du Tech." Perpignan, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PERP0306.
Full textThe two coastal rivers from the french department of pyrenees qrientales, the tet and the tech, deposited five staged terraces or semi-fill and fill terraces during the quaternary. These are alluvial terraces having a climatic origin with neotectonics readjustments in the roussillon coastal plain. The deposits of these two rivers are similary and are mainly constitued of quartz, schists, granites and gneiss pebbles with proportions that vary depending on the level's age. These coarse elements are stuck in a mainly bad sorted coarse sands matrix. Otherwise in the high levels, a silty-clay loam is the principal gangue. For both water courses it's multi-peaked floods deposits resulting of irregular and violent hydrodinamic conditions. The mineralogic assemblage of the two valleys is similar and is composed of an association of epidote-gamet-andalusite-zoisite-hornblende. The study of the variations of this assemblage in the tet levels shows that the middle terraces are the only level demultiplicated by neotectonics. The argillaceous minerals composing these formations are at the same time inherited and cristallized after settling and early diagenesis. Illite and kaolinite are present in a great proportion in all levels. Chlorite exists only in recent levels and smectite in the older ones. We deduced that the first is inherited when the second is cristallized after settling and early diagenesis from mica and illite which is less representated in the upper levels. The micromorphological study perfectly shows the alteration process augmentation from the lower to the higher terraces by describing the sediment evolution. A paleomagnetic study made on the three highest terraces levels gave no interresting results that would permit to precise the regional stages chronostratigraphy
Fiandino, Mirabelle. "Apports de matières en suspension par les fleuves côtiers à l'étang de Berre (Bouches-du-Rhône, France) : Quantification des flux, identification des zones sources, étude des relations avec les conditions hydrologiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10035.
Full textPaugam, Caroline. "Niveau d'eau à la côte en bassin semi-ouvert ˸ : effets combinés du vent, des vagues et de la bathymétrie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL0003.
Full textThis doctoral research focuses on water level variations in semi-open coastal basins and the impact of wind, waves and bathymetry. The two phenomena causing water level variations studied are wind-tides and seiching. Three coastal basins were selected on the French coast of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region˸ the Vaccarès lagoon, the Berre lagoon and the Toulon Bay. The choice of these sites is due to the fact that they are exposed to equivalent wind regimes, their depths, morphologies and openings to the seaare different, allowing a comparative analysis. This work is based on the use of in-situ water level data from the HTM-NET network and two experimental campaigns. It was shown that the higher the wind speed, the steeper the slope of the free surface. Wind-tide is all the more important as the depth of the basin is low. In addition, the greater the opening to the sea, the lower the wind-tide. The determination of a constant drag coefficient allowed a satisfactory prediction of moderate wind-tides. It was also observed that in basins of finite depth and limited fetch conditions, the wave conditions are responsible for a higher wind friction on the water surface. The analysis of the currents showed that the presence of wind-tides has an impact on the currentology in the three sites. The periods of the seiches in the three sites were determined and the axes of resonance could be partly identified. The seiche amplitudes are of the order of mm in the Vaccarès lagoon and cm in the Berre lagoon and the Toulon Bay. The high friction in theshallow water site is responsible for an attenuation of the seiche amplitudes. The presence of seiche was correlated with wind-tides in the Berre and Vaccarès lagoons, which have a moderate opening to the sea. On the other hand, in the Toulon Bay, which has a large opening to the sea, other forcings are likely to excite the natural modes
Johnson, Ampah Kodjo. "Le bassin côtier à phosphates du Togo : Maastrichtien - Eocène moyen." Dijon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987DIJOS010.
Full textBadreddine, Ali. "Écosystèmes côtiers du littoral libanais : état écologique, conservation, évolution." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4031/document.
Full textThe aim of this study was to provide further knowledge of the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on the conservation status of important shallow habitats (vermetid reefs, Cystoseira forests) in a relatively poorly known region of the Mediterranean Sea: the Lebanese coast. Multiple approaches were applied for the first time along the Levantine Sea, such as the CARLIT (CARtography of rocky-shore LITtoral communities) index, a tool conceived to quantify the Ecological Status (ES) in the framework of the Water Directive (WFD 2000/60/EU). A general description of the Lebanese coastline, summarizing the major environmental features and anthropogenic activities influencing benthic communities, highlighted that Lebanon has been (and is at present) subject to multiple stressors. The application of the CARLIT, based on macroalgal, gives important insights on the ES of Lebanese ecosystems in relation to human impacts and provides a detailed cartography on the distribution and abundance of shallow communities, and in particular Cystoseira and Sargassum forests. The survey of some Lebanese vermetid reefs allowed the evaluation of their current status according to different human pressures and highlighted that they are highly affected by human pressures and only few of them are still alive. In a view of the upcoming oil and gas discovery offshore Lebanon, Lebanese marine ecosystems are under multiple and massive threats; the data provided in the research performed provide a baseline of the distribution and conservation status of key habitats along Lebanese coasts, in order to follow their evolution and to have a management tool in case of catastrophic oil spills
Jamet, Guillaume. "Réponses sédimentaires d’un bassin versant côtier aux variations glacio-eustatiques et au soulèvement plio-quaternaire : l’exemple du bassin versant côtier de la baie de Seine (Seine, Touques et Dives)." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2029.
Full textThis geomorphologic and sedimentary study aims at investigating the fluvial systems of the Seine river and its paleo-tributaries that are the Touques, the Dives and the Orne Rivers. These rivers all belong to the same catchment area, so-called Bay of Seine catchment (BSC). The BSC area of those systems is bordered by the English Channel to the North, and by hilly land region (i. E. Zone bocaine and Perche) to the South with exception to the Seine river which extends further in a South Eastern direction. From the end of the Early Pleistocene, the geological background of the catchment area (i. E. Armorican massif & Parisian basin) was incised and eroded by the fluvial systems. These sedimentary and geomorphological processes are now recorded in fluvial terraces. In the BSC area, the paleo-Seine followed a different evolution from the other coastal rivers. Due to the different geomorphologic and sedimentary Quaternary records, a plury-disciplinary approach complemented by ESR datations was carried out for assessing the role of structural , climatic and glacio-eustatic forcings on the evolution of the BSC area. Geological structures partially control the drainage network. Since the Neogene, a slow and continuous uplift gave the BSC its North South orientation, and therefore allowed the inception of a sedimentary transit towards the English Channel. Upstream, the Perche bulge induced a radial drainage (i. E. Risle, Touque, Dive and Orne) around its dome-shaped structure. Whereas downstream, the North Eastern-oriented monoclinal structure of the Mesozoic units of the Parisian basin force the drainage on an Eastern direction. In addition to structural control, the climate is another primary forcing that shapes the BSC from the Middle Pleistocene onward. This control participates in the evolution of the river dynamics and valley forms at different temporal scales from glacial/interglacial cycles (~100 ka) to rapid climate changes (~1 ka). New observations led on terrace deposits shows that there is not a single type of periglacial river (i. E. Gravel-bed braided river). These differences were explained by sub-basin properties: lithology, sediment supply or inherited structures. The Quaternary glacio-eustatic forcing only plays a role in the downstream part of fluvial systems. In the lower Seine valley, sedimentary records investigated in the stepped terraces allowed the identification of several sea-level highstands since the Middle Pleistocene. Cyclic base-level changes, recorded in the succession of fluvial periglacial gravels overlain by silt to sandy tidal deposits, are linked to major cold-to-temperate climate transitions. Despite these sedimentary records, the whole BSC only preserved paleo-geometries of quaternary estuaries by a widening of the downstream part of fluvial systems (Dives, Touques, and Seine river)
Massala, Antoine. "Le crétacé supérieur et le tertiaire du bassin côtier congolais : biochronologie et stratigraphie séquentielle." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOS016.
Full textVincent, Aude. "Etude hydrologique et hydrogéologique du bassin sédimentaire côtier de Kaluvelli-Pondichéry, Tamil Nadu, Inde." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066520.
Full textJocktane, Olivier. "La plate-forme carbonatée albienne dans le bassin côtier gabonais : dynamique sédimentaire et stratigraphie séquentielle." Dijon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992DIJOS054.
Full textGoua, Tokpa Emmanuel. "Biostratigraphie et évolution paléoenvironnementale des séries maastrichtiennes et paléocènes dans le bassin sédimentaire côtier ivoirien." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS073.
Full textBuquet, Damien. "Cycle des éléments biogènes dans les lacs côtiers en Gironde." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0629/document.
Full textTo evaluate water quality and the risk of eutrophication of lakes, the dynamics of biogenic compounds must be studied. Sources and sinks of nutrients that define lake biogeochemical processes can be assessed from a mass balance approach and the study of internal reactions. The objective of the thesis was to realize a mass balance for nutrients in two coastal lakes: Lacanau and Carcans-Hourtin (SW France). For this purpose, I conducted a monitoring of rainwater, rivers, canals, lakes and groundwater concentration of nutrients and associate parameters during the two hydrological cycles of 2014 and 2015. Biogeochemical processes at the sediment water interface and benthic fluxes were determined from sediment cores collected at each season, and from the drafting of a new sediment map. The water balance was obtained from water level and discharge measurements, geophysical prospection and 222Rn measurements. Our results allowed us to make a full mass balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, silica, iron and alkalinity. We have identified the main sources and sinks of nutrients and their evolution along the year. The main results of the thesis is that groundwater discharge is not a significant contribution of nutrients; benthic fluxes supply high amount of dissolved nitrogen and most of the nutrient are sequester in the lake sediments. Total export of nutrient at the outlet of lakes has been quantified and compared to inputs from the watershed. We point out that phosphorus limits lake productivity. We also show the dynamics of transient lake stratification in summer and its impact on biogeochemical processes. This set of data has also provided additional insight into the dynamics of mercury in Aquitaine lakes. We show the role of sulphate inputs from the watershed in the production of methylmercury in lake sediments. All these results give for the first time an overall view of Aquitaine lake biogeochemistry
Ehrhold, Axel. "Dynamique de comblement d'un bassin sédimentaire soumis à un régime mégatidal : Exemple de la baie du Mont Saint-Michel." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004311.
Full textReyes, Pedro. "Évolution du relief le long des marges actives : étude de la déformation Plio-Quaternaire de la cordillère côtière d'Équateur." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00835324.
Full textPoignant, Loik. "Héritages morphostructural et climatique du drainage cénozoïque d'un bassin versant côtier : exemples de la Dives et des marais de Vimont (Normandie, France), implications hydrogéologiques sur la nappe aquifère du Dogger." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC202.
Full textThe Armorican block, structured by the Cadomian and Variscan orogenesis, was partially covered in the Mesozoic by vast marine platforms where the marl and limestone of the Paris Basin were deposited. From the end of the Upper Cretaceous, alpine compressive deformations lead to an emergence of the nord-eastern border of the Armorican Massif (Normandy). Jurassic and Cretaceous lands undergo alteration and erosion processes in response to slow climatic degradation up to the Quaternary glacial cycles, which are partly responsible for the development of landforms. During the Cenozoic, only a few areas open to the Atlantic Ocean, such as the Cotentin Center or the English Channel, recorded marine sedimentation, with sedimentary gaps and affected by polyphase deformation throughout the Cenozoic.Within these sedimentary, structural, eustatic and climatic frameworks, the coastal watersheds of the Bay of the Seine are being established, whose outlet of the hydrographic network corresponds to the quaternary fluvial system of the English Channel, itself flowing towards the Atlantic margin. The quaternary framework of the coastal watersheds of Dives and Orne has been the subject of several geomorphological studies, specifying the evolution of Holocene sedimentary filling. The Dives Valley was an estuary during the last Holocene interglacial, gradually filled by silts, clays and peat, creating vast wetlands. Above the clay and peat marshes of the Dives, there are more modest marshes such as those of Vimont. The Holocene filling of the marshes of Vimont does not explain this morphologic origin in the Bathonian series of the Caen Plain: simple depression pond in these calcareous soils during Neogene to Quaternary of sea level decline, or older morphology inherited from the sedimentary and structural history of the area? The question is all the more relevant as there is, in this limestone series, a large aquifer with natural denitrification processes.The reconstruction of the origin of the marshes of Vimont and its drainage system benefited from the sedimentary analysis of the Bathonian lands, crossed over 82 m by a core borehole drilled in these marshes. This analysis completes the stratigraphic division of an area poor in natural outcrops, but above all allows the revision of 845 destructive drillings carried out in the Bessin and Caen Plains. This stratigraphic, sedimentary and paleogeographic revision of the boreholes and outcrops reveals folding deformations of large radius of curvature with a direction of N 50-70 and a wavelength between 5 and 15 km, in Mesozoic lands. They are initiated by a polyphase cenozoic replay of the old N 50-70, N 90, and N 110 faults. The depression of the marshes of Vimont extends to the Troarn Synform, which influences both the drainage system and underground flows. Morphometric analyses describe this relationship between the marshes of Vimont, landforms and the Dives river system. This multidisciplinary, stratigraphic, sedimentary, structural and geomorphological approach to the marshes of Vimont makes it possible to distinguish the sedimentary and structural heritage from the quaternary climatic control
Mbina, Mounguengui Michel. "Dynamique sédimentaire et fluctuations eustatiques au cours du cénomanien et du turonien dans le nord du bassin côtier gabonais." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS004.
Full textAkouvi, Ari Edem. "Étude géochimique et hydrogéologique des eaux souterraines d'un bassin sédimentaire côtier en zone tropicale : implications sur la gestion, la protection et la préservation des ressources en eau du Togo (Afrique de l'Ouest)." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066495.
Full textṬayara, Zubayda. "Etude hydro-pluviométrique comparative des bassins versants de la région côtière intermédiaire du Liban (le Damour, l'Awali-Bisri, le Saï̈niq et le Zahrani)." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10127.
Full textThis study is in assessment of the daily, monthly and annual water resources available over a period oftime randing between 8 and 21 years in the catchment areas of the damour, the awali-bisri, the sainiq and the zahrani (lebanon). The working of these essentially limestone catchments show great similarities because of the rainfall regime aval of the hydrodynamic caracteristics of superficial deposits. The statistical analysis of dischages and precipitations series : as well as the study of the variables that make up the river regime (i-e mean annual flow, seasonal irregularity and specific dischrges) throw light on the connection between flow and precipitation. This study also tries to rechon the variabilities of enter (liquid precipitation). The water storage capacity and the surface transfers : upstream, streamflow as well as stormflow
Bawedin, Vincent. "La Gestion Intégrée des Zones Côtières (GIZC) confrontée aux dynamiques territoriales dans le bassin d'Arcachon et sur la côte picarde." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431534.
Full textOlivier, Marie. "Environnements mixtes fluviatiles et éoliens : facteurs de contrôle et de préservation des dépôts éoliens en domaines endoréique et côtier : exemples du Permien du Sud de la Mer du Nord et du Sud-Est de l’Utah (USA)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S173.
Full textPermian is the last period of the Paleozoic era and is marked by the final buildup of Pangea, implying a continentalization of large areas, to an extent that had no equivalent in geological times. This increase in continentality, together with the Early Permian deglaciation, lead to an aridification that is traduced by the sedimentation of aeolian deposits. Due to the particularly good preservation of these deposits, Permian series offer the unique opportunity to study continental (aeolian and fluvial) sedimentation in both endoreic and exoreic contexts. This work aims to better constrain the allocyclic and autocyclic processes controlling the preservation of aeolian deposits within mixed aeolian - fluvial sedimentary series, in two Permian basins: (1) the Paradox Basin in south-east Utah, USA; and (2) the Upper Rotliegend II series in the offshore domain of Netherlands, which is part of the Permian basins of the North Sea. These two basins recorded the sedimentation of mixed aeolian and fluvial series, respectively in an exoreic context for the Paradox Basin, and in an endoreic context for the Upper Rotliegend II series. Field-based sedimentological analyses of several sections of the Early Permian series from the Paradox Basin (SE Utah, USA) allowed (1) to demonstrate the occurrence, through the entire sedimentary succession, of marine deposits previously underestimated and attributed to aeolian dunes in the recent literature; (2) to perform high-resolution correlation used to propose a stratigraphic scheme showing the evolution of the paleoenvironments through time and space; and (3) to demonstrate the control of eustatic and climatic processes (development of paleosols, variations of fluvial sedimentary flux) on coastal aeolian dunes preservation. Subsurface data analyses (sedimentary core analyses and well-logging) of the Upper Rotliegend II series (North Sea), allowed (1) from detailed core descriptions, to demonstrate that aeolian dune deposits had been overestimated in the study area; (2) to perform high resolution well-log correlations and propose a stratigraphic scheme; (3) to define genetic unit sets, major and minor stratigraphic cycles controlled by variations of climate and sediment supplies within the basin and the source areas; and (4) to demonstrate the influence of fluvial flux on reworking and preservation of aeolian deposits, which was, until now, underestimated
Mbani, Jean-Nazaire. "Micropaléontologie et géochimie organique du bassin côtier congolais au Crétacé supérieur : paléoécologie des foraminifères, espèces et associations indicatrices des paléoenvironnements des roches mères pétrolières." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812448.
Full textMbani, Jean Nazaire. "Micropaléontologie et géochimie organique du bassin côtier congolais au Crétacé supérieur : paléoécologie des foraminifères, espèces et associations indicatrices des paléoenvironnements des roches mères pétrolières." Paris 6, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812448.
Full textGalès, Philippe. "Origine et devenir d'une bactérie pathogène (Salmonella) dans les compartiments eau, sédiment, coquillages filtreurs d'un écosystème méditerranéen marin côtier (étang de Thau, France)." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20249.
Full textSadaoui, Mahrez. "Variabilité et évolution des apports de matières en suspension dans la zone côtière : approche multi-échelle dans le bassin de la Méditerranée." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0037.
Full textRivers ensure the transport of suspended particulate matter (SPM) to the Sea, introducing sand, nutrients and contaminants. According to their drainange basin characteristics (mountainous relief, contrasting climates), Mediterranean rivers are naturally rich in SPM, but their fluxes are largely altered today because of damming. This study aims to understand the variability and evolution of the riverine SPM inputs to the Mediterranean sea by a multiscale approach. (1) In the Gulf of Lion, total SPM fluxes (and associated nutrients) were estimated on the long term through the development of a new method SiRCA (Simplified Rating Curve Approach). The lithology is the main control for the spatial variability of these fluxes, which attributes to the Rhône River the dominant role in the overall fluxes (95%). (2) In the Mediterranean basin, empirical modeling could be established which allows for the first time a complete quantification of the inputs by all the rivers in this region (997 Mt/an). It also confirms the importance of lithology among the dominant controlling factors. By combining this model with a database of large dams in this region, it has been calculated that about 35% of SPM are today retained behind dams. (3) In the Maghreb basin, finally the role of sediment retention by small dams and hillside reservoirs has been studied. A new database on these reservoirs was created and combined with the database on large dams. This study demonstrates that small dams probably retain the same amount of sediments that large dams
Hammou, Abed. "Caractéristiques de la fluorescence des eaux du fleuve côtier Têt (Pyrénées-Orientales) en relation avec la matière organique naturelle du bassin versant : utilisation de l'algorithme PARAFAC." Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1119.
Full textElineau, Sylvain. "Le risque naturel côtier sur la communauté d'agglomération du Havre (Haute-Normandie) : Une évaluation des aléas." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935593.
Full textGlé, Corine. "Structure et dynamique des communautés microbiennes autotrophes et production primaire planctonique dans une lagune côtière macrotidale, le Bassin d'Arcachon : facteurs de contrôle de type bottom-up." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13556.
Full textNormandin, Cassandra. "Apport de la télédétection spatiale à haute résolution pour l’étude des cycles des eaux de surface et des matières particulaires en suspension le long du continuum bassin versant – océan côtier." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0139/document.
Full textThe anticipation and adaptation of our societies to the upheavals resulting from climate change are today major issues guiding human activities and public action. Nevertheless, the forecast remains a key challenge because of the strong uncertainties that exist and it is essential to continue to progress in understanding the mechanisms behind these upheavals. Within the hydrological cycle, the surface reservoir (including lakes, rivers and floodplains) occupies an important place as it is one of the main water resources of ecosystems and populations. However, the dynamics of surface water stocks are still poorly known at the regional and global scales, due to the absence of multi-year measures of extension and water depth of the flooded areas, and the limited consideration of these variables in hydrological and hydrodynamic models. Satellite remote sensing now offers the possibility of monitoring surface water stocks by using the complementarity between multispectral imagery, allowing to map flooded areas, and the radar altimetry providing time series of water depths of continental hydro systems. The aim of my thesis is to make the most of the complementarity between the different types of spatial observations to evaluate the water resources of the surface reservoir and to measure the dynamics of water transfers between land and ocean, and its impact on the coastal zone using suspended particulate matter as tracer of water bodies. Since the mid-1990s, the multiplication of multispectral missions with medium resolution (<1 km of spatial resolution) and high-precision radar altimeters (between 10 and 30 cm) makes it possible to carry out weekly-to-monthly monitoring of volumes surface water in large river basins
Guillon, Sebastien. "Dynamique de la végétation alluviale côtière dans le Sud-Est de la France (bassins versants du Loup et de la Cagne, Alpes-Maritimes) au cours de la première moitié de l' Holocène." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064064.
Full textCapanni, Romain. "Étude et gestion intégrée des transferts sédimentaires dans le système Gapeau/rade d'Hyères." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10187/document.
Full textThe Var beaches have been gradually reduced during the second half of the twentieth century and they survive mostly thanks to costly artificial recharge. In this context, the response of the environment and the risk intensity depend primarily on the sedimentary support provided by the coastal rivers. This study looks to quantify the role of sediments transported by the Gapeau with particular reference to its mouth and neighbouring beaches during flood and storm events. We study the solid load measured in the river, theoretical transport equations in the literature and the evolution of the channel and Hyeres’s coastal bathymetry during the last century and during events. These analyses reveal important retraction and erosion that has impacted upon the area since 1896 and the current low sediment supply. The estimated average annual sediment losses along the coast are higher than the average annual river sediment supply
Ernoul, Lisa. "Entre Camargue et Delta de Gediz : réflexions sur les transferts de modèles de gestion intégrée des zones côtières." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3065.
Full textParticipatory integrated management gained international recognition in Europe with integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) approaches. The movement has spread beyond the European borders and includes the entire Mediterranean basin with the ICZM Protocol under the Barcelona Convention. This research raises the question on the application of standardized environmental management models in distinct geopolitical and socio-cultural contexts. The overall objective of this analysis is to improve the implementation and impact of conservation projects through an improved understanding of social, cultural and geographical dimensions. This research analyzes the complexity of socio-cultural perceptions and dynamics of environmental governance within and between sites (the Rhone delta, France and the Gediz delta, Turkey). Base lines were established for political and administrative contexts, ecological states and socio-cultural perspectives to analyze the similarities and differences. Ninety three qualitative and quantitative interviews were conducted using a purposive sampling methodology. The potential application of integrated participatory management was studied through the lenses of social networks, environmental discourses, and environmental values and perceptions with a geo-governance approach. Using each of these views, we demonstrated that participation is considered, sought and implemented in distinct ways in each site. These differences support the dominant theme of this work: environmental strategies must be adapted to suit site specific contexts. The results are a reminder that we should not overlook local contexts if we want to promote institutional effectiveness
Rollo, Nicolas. "Modélisation des dynamiques de pollution diffuse dans le bassin versant de la rivière d'Auray : quantification, caractérisation et gestion des apports nutritifs terrigènes." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697867.
Full textSomlette, Luc. "Contribution à l'étude hydrogéologique de la distribution et du devenir des nitrates dans les nappes de fissures, de l'échelle du périmètre expérimental à celle du bassin versant côtier : conséquences sur les ressources en eaux et la protection du littoral en Bretagne." Brest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BRES2021.
Full textCloquier, Christophe. "Les installations fluviales médiévales et modernes du cours de la Somme : approche archéologique et documentaire de l'équipement et de l'exploitation d'un fleuve côtier du début du XIIe siècle à la Révolution." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010631.
Full textPolsenaere, Pierre. "Echanges de CO2 atmosphérique dans la lagune d’Arcachon et relations avec le métabolisme intertidal." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14253/document.
Full textThe coastal zone is only taken into account since recently in global carbon budgeting efforts. Although covering globally modest surface areas, carbon and nutrient fluxes in the coastal zone appear significant at the global scale. However, little is known about the CO2 behaviour in lagoons and even less in intertidal zones where exchanges with the atmosphere occur alternatively with the water and the sediment. The purposes of this work are, on one hand, to establish the carbon budget between the Arcachon lagoon, the atmosphere and the terrestrial watershed and on the other hand, to link these fluxes with the net ecosystem production (NEP) and better characterize its metabolic status along with the relevant environmental factors. For the first time, CO2 flux measurements by Eddy Correlation have been carried out at different seasons and stations in the tidal flat. In parallel, the total terrestrial carbon export from river waters has been quantified throughout a complete hydrological cycle in nine watercourses flowing into the lagoon. The total carbon export from the watershed through surface river waters is estimated at 116 t C km-2 yr-1 on which 39% is exported to the lagoon as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) owing to the predominance of podzols in the watershed. Intense organic matter mineralization in soils and groundwaters largely over-saturate river waters in CO2 on which export accounts for 21% as dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). The mathematical “StreamCO2-DEGAS” model formulation based on water pCO2, DIC concentrations and isotopic composition measurements permits to show that 43% of the total carbon export was degassed as CO2 from the riverine surface waters to the atmosphere, lowering then this latter to 66 t C km-2 yr-1. With respect to the CO2 flux measurements in the lagoon, cospectral analysis and the well accordance of results with physical and biological controls at the tidal, diurnal and seasonal time scales permit to validate the Eddy Correlation technique over tidal coastal zone. CO2 fluxes with the atmosphere, during each period, were generally weak and ranged between -13 and 19 µmol m-2 s-1. Low tide and daytime conditions were always characterized by an uptake of atmospheric CO2. In contrast, during the immersion and during low tide at night, CO2 fluxes where either positive or negative, or close to zero, depending on the season and the site. The concomitant analysis of CO2 fluxes with satellite images of the lagoon at low tide during the day clearly discriminate the relative importance of the two distinct metabolic carbon cycling involving the main primary producers, i.e. (1) the Zostera noltii seagrass meadow predominance on the NEP in autumn and summer in the more central station, with an annual cycling and (2) the microphytobenthos community predominance on the gross primary production (GPP) in spring at the same station and in autumn in the inner part of the bay where a rapid carbon cycling during the immersion and the emersion was clearly highlighted. The different results obtained with the Eddy Correlation technique over tidal flats opens interesting perspectives on the knowledge of the carbon budget and the biogeochemical and ecological processes within the coastal zone
Samoura, Karim. "Contributions méthodologiques à l'évaluation environnementale stratégique de l'exploitation du potentiel hydroélectrique des bassins côtiers en milieu tropical : cas du Konkouré, en Guinée." Thèse, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3787/1/D2104.pdf.
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