Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bassin Levant'
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Papadimitriou, Nikolaos. "Geodynamics and synchronous filling of a rift type-basin evolved through compression tectonics (The western margin of the Levant Basin)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066540.
Full textThe Eastern Mediterranean owes its complex nature to the movement of Africa, Arabia and Eurasia. The recent gas discoveries in the Levant Basin (2009) provoked the necessity of necessity of conducting a combined (seismic and field) study to better understand the geological evolution of the Basin. The combination of geophysical and field data allows the conceptualization of onshore and, offshore 3D models in order to characterize the tectonostratigraphic evolution of this area and eventually trace the main sources and pathways that contributed to the infilling of the Levant Basin. The evolution of the Levant Basin is marked by the transition from a pure carbonate system to a mix system (carbonate /siliciclastic) during the Cenozoic. The Eratosthenes block corresponds to a fault block platform. Four major seismic sequences, characterized by periods of aggradation, retrogradation and progradation, punctuated by major unconformities and drowning surfaces have been recognized on the Eratosthenes Seamount. These periods are: the Late Jurassic; the Early Cretaceous, the Late Cretaceous and the Miocene. The initiation of the collision during the Miocene between the African and Eurasian plates coincides with the uplift of the Eratosthenes Seamount with a peak during the upper Miocene (pre-Messinian Salinity Crisis) followed by its northward tilting under Cyprus thrusting. We show that the collision of the two plates caused the formation of small basins in southern part of Cyprus; a piggyback basin (Polis), and a flexural basin (Limassol) that were controlled by the different substratum of the Mesozoic sediments
Inati, Smaily Lama. "Dynamique lithosphérique et architecture des marges du bassin du Levant : approche géophysique intégrée." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066314/document.
Full textSignificant gas discoveries have been made recently in the Eastern Mediterranean (www.nobleenergyinc.com), which turned the attention of oil companies towards the Levant Basin. This region is considered today as a typical hydrocarbon frontier province. Hence, a considerable amount of geophysical data has been produced and a series of academic and industry-based studies have been performed. Understanding the crustal and sedimentary architecture, the actual and past thermicity of this basin, in particular on the Lebanese continental margin, has major academic and economic interests. This has important implications on understanding tectonic evolution and earthquakes generation and on assessing petroleum systems. Despite numerous old and recent geophysical studies in this region, the deep crustal configuration of the Levant Basin, known to be the site of rifting in the Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic, remains enigmatic. The transition from a typical thick continental crust to thinner attenuated crust offshore (possibly even oceanic crust) has been invoked, but not yet proven. Integrated geophysical approaches and modeling techniques are used in this thesis to study the deep structure of the lithosphere underlying the easternmost Mediterranean region.A 2D modeling approach was accomplished at a regional scale (1000x1000 km2) extending from the Nile delta in the south, to Turkey in the north, from the Herodotus Basin in the west to the Arabian plate in the east. The algorithm used is a trial and error method that delivers the crustal thickness and the depth of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) as well as the crustal density distribution by integrating top basement heat flow data, free-air gravity anomaly, Geoid and topography data. Moho depth and crustal thickness were locally constrained by refraction data where available. Three models are presented, two in EW direction (580 and 650 km long) and one in SN direction (570 km long). The models in EW sections show a progressively attenuated crystalline crust from E to W (35 to 8 km). The SN section presents a 12 km thick crust to the south, thinning to 9-7 km towards the Lebanese offshore and reaching 20 km in the north. The crystalline crust is best interpreted as a strongly thinned continental crust under the Levant Basin, represented by two distinct components, an upper and a lower crust. The Herodotus Basin, however, shows a very thin crystalline crust, likely oceanic, with a thickness between 6 and 10 km. The Moho under the Arabian plate is 35-40 km deep and becomes shallower towards the Mediterranean coast. Within the Levant Basin, the Moho appears to be situated between 20 and 23 km, reaching 26 km in the Herodotus Basin. While depth to LAB is around 110 km under the Arabian and the Eurasian plates, it is about 150 km under the Levant Basin and plunges finally to 180 km under the Herodotus Basin.A 3D joint inversion of gravity, geoid and topography data applied on the same region confirmed the results of the 2D modeling. A total of 168 of simulations were run, among which the simulation with the minimal data misfits corresponds to a model where the Moho depth varies between 23 and 26 km in the Levant Basin and becomes deeper in the Herodotus Basin and off the African coast. The LAB is 100 to 150 km deep in the Levant Basin and deepens to more than 180 km in the Herodotus Basin
Inati, Smaily Lama. "Dynamique lithosphérique et architecture des marges du bassin du Levant : approche géophysique intégrée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066314.
Full textSignificant gas discoveries have been made recently in the Eastern Mediterranean (www.nobleenergyinc.com), which turned the attention of oil companies towards the Levant Basin. This region is considered today as a typical hydrocarbon frontier province. Hence, a considerable amount of geophysical data has been produced and a series of academic and industry-based studies have been performed. Understanding the crustal and sedimentary architecture, the actual and past thermicity of this basin, in particular on the Lebanese continental margin, has major academic and economic interests. This has important implications on understanding tectonic evolution and earthquakes generation and on assessing petroleum systems. Despite numerous old and recent geophysical studies in this region, the deep crustal configuration of the Levant Basin, known to be the site of rifting in the Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic, remains enigmatic. The transition from a typical thick continental crust to thinner attenuated crust offshore (possibly even oceanic crust) has been invoked, but not yet proven. Integrated geophysical approaches and modeling techniques are used in this thesis to study the deep structure of the lithosphere underlying the easternmost Mediterranean region.A 2D modeling approach was accomplished at a regional scale (1000x1000 km2) extending from the Nile delta in the south, to Turkey in the north, from the Herodotus Basin in the west to the Arabian plate in the east. The algorithm used is a trial and error method that delivers the crustal thickness and the depth of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) as well as the crustal density distribution by integrating top basement heat flow data, free-air gravity anomaly, Geoid and topography data. Moho depth and crustal thickness were locally constrained by refraction data where available. Three models are presented, two in EW direction (580 and 650 km long) and one in SN direction (570 km long). The models in EW sections show a progressively attenuated crystalline crust from E to W (35 to 8 km). The SN section presents a 12 km thick crust to the south, thinning to 9-7 km towards the Lebanese offshore and reaching 20 km in the north. The crystalline crust is best interpreted as a strongly thinned continental crust under the Levant Basin, represented by two distinct components, an upper and a lower crust. The Herodotus Basin, however, shows a very thin crystalline crust, likely oceanic, with a thickness between 6 and 10 km. The Moho under the Arabian plate is 35-40 km deep and becomes shallower towards the Mediterranean coast. Within the Levant Basin, the Moho appears to be situated between 20 and 23 km, reaching 26 km in the Herodotus Basin. While depth to LAB is around 110 km under the Arabian and the Eurasian plates, it is about 150 km under the Levant Basin and plunges finally to 180 km under the Herodotus Basin.A 3D joint inversion of gravity, geoid and topography data applied on the same region confirmed the results of the 2D modeling. A total of 168 of simulations were run, among which the simulation with the minimal data misfits corresponds to a model where the Moho depth varies between 23 and 26 km in the Levant Basin and becomes deeper in the Herodotus Basin and off the African coast. The LAB is 100 to 150 km deep in the Levant Basin and deepens to more than 180 km in the Herodotus Basin
Papadimitriou, Nikolaos. "Geodynamics and synchronous filling of a rift type-basin evolved through compression tectonics (The western margin of the Levant Basin)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066540/document.
Full textThe Eastern Mediterranean owes its complex nature to the movement of Africa, Arabia and Eurasia. The recent gas discoveries in the Levant Basin (2009) provoked the necessity of necessity of conducting a combined (seismic and field) study to better understand the geological evolution of the Basin. The combination of geophysical and field data allows the conceptualization of onshore and, offshore 3D models in order to characterize the tectonostratigraphic evolution of this area and eventually trace the main sources and pathways that contributed to the infilling of the Levant Basin. The evolution of the Levant Basin is marked by the transition from a pure carbonate system to a mix system (carbonate /siliciclastic) during the Cenozoic. The Eratosthenes block corresponds to a fault block platform. Four major seismic sequences, characterized by periods of aggradation, retrogradation and progradation, punctuated by major unconformities and drowning surfaces have been recognized on the Eratosthenes Seamount. These periods are: the Late Jurassic; the Early Cretaceous, the Late Cretaceous and the Miocene. The initiation of the collision during the Miocene between the African and Eurasian plates coincides with the uplift of the Eratosthenes Seamount with a peak during the upper Miocene (pre-Messinian Salinity Crisis) followed by its northward tilting under Cyprus thrusting. We show that the collision of the two plates caused the formation of small basins in southern part of Cyprus; a piggyback basin (Polis), and a flexural basin (Limassol) that were controlled by the different substratum of the Mesozoic sediments
Al, Abdalla Abdulkarim. "Evolution tectonique de la plate-forme arabe en Syrie depuis le Mésozoïque." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066267.
Full textAbbani, Ghina. "Geophysical characterization of a carbonate platform reservoir based on outcrop analogue study (onshore, Lebanon)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS393.
Full textReservoir characterization in frontier basins remains a challenge for exploration efforts. The Levant Basin, located in the easternmost part of the Mediterranean region, represents a frontier basin that is extensively mapped in terms of seismic survey but lacks well log calibration. The sparse data coverage results in substantial uncertainties in seismic interpretation and evaluation of reservoir properties. In the absence of well data, outcrop analogues can play a key role in the characterization of subsurface carbonate platforms. The main objective of this thesis is to characterize a large-scale Cenomanian – Turonian carbonate platform located northern Lebanon based on integrating sedimentological characterization with geophysical and petrophysical measurements. The investigation of the onshore analogue outcrop allows to constrain the carbonate platform’s properties on onshore seismic data. The developed approach is first applied to the Mid – Late Bathonian limestones of Massangis quarry (Oolithe Blanche formation), representing an analogue of the geothermal reservoir targeted by many municipalities in the Ile-de-France region. Sedimentologic description is completed for the studied outcrop and petrographic analysis is accomplished for representative samples. A total of 1000 acoustic velocities are acquired at 40 kHz to generate a 2D synthetic seismogram. The sedimentologic and acoustic characterization of the section allows to understand the influence of facies variation and diagenetic features (firm grounds, bioturbation, stylolites, etc) on the acoustic measurements and the generation of seismic reflectors. The studied outcrop in Kfarhelda northern Lebanon is a Cenomanian – Turonian shallow marine carbonate platform representing Sannine and Maameltain formations. The formations represent bedded limestones with important Turonian rudist-rich rudstones. A thorough sedimentary description is completed for the 400 m-thick carbonate platform. P-wave velocity is acquired directly on the outcrop, and the petrophysical properties are measured on 44 representative samples. The data are used to generate a 1D synthetic seismogram with a 25 Hz Ricker wavelet. The resulting reflectors are mainly (1) high amplitude reflectors at the limit between two facies with contrasting physical properties enhanced by diagenesis, (2) moderate amplitude reflectors corresponding to stratigraphic limits at the transition between facies, and (3) very low amplitude reflectors in karstified units. The integration of outcrop and seismic data is based on the generation of the synthetic seismogram. Interpretation and seismic facies analysis are completed for the 2D onshore seismic profile acquired in 2013. The best fit between the synthetic seismic and seismic profile resulted in the identification of two distinctive reflectors related to the Marly Limestone Zone causing sharp contrast in acoustic impedance, and the overlying channel facies characterised by higher porosity. The approach developed in this thesis work highlights the importance of combining sedimentologic and acoustic measurements together with synthetic seismic modelling to identify the geological origin of seismic reflectors and improve the seismic interpretation in terms of facies and reservoir properties
Symeou, Vasilis. "Transition from compression to strike-slip tectonic styles along the northern margin of the Levant Basin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS003.
Full textThe Cyprus Arc system is major plate boundary of the Eastern Mediterranean where different plates interact, namely Arabia, Africa, Eurasia, as well as the Anatolian micro-plate. It constitutes the northern boundary of the Levant Basin (of thin stretched continental crust) and the Herodotus Basin (of oceanic crust). The Cyprus Arc is directly linked with the northward convergence of the African continental plate with respect to the Eurasian continental plate since Late Cretaceous time. The indentation of the Arabian plate and the slab pull effect of the African plate roll back in the Aegean region on the eastern and western part of the Anatolian plate respectively, leads to the westward escape of Anatolia from Late Miocene to Recent, which results in a strike-slip component along the Cyprus Arc system and onshore Cyprus. Several scientific questions with regard to the geological setting of the region were investigated during this project. How is the deformation accommodated at the Cyprus Arc system? Is this deformation style affected by the variation of the crustal nature at each domain? How is this deformation recorded on the sedimentary pile onshore Cyprus? How does the onshore and offshore deformation connect within the geodynamic context of the region? In order to answer these scientific questions, 2D reflection seismic data were utilized, that image the main plate structures and their lateral evolution south and east of Cyprus. Interpretation of these data lead to the identification of nine tectono-sedimentary packages in three different crustal domains south of the Cyprus Arc system: (1) The Levant Basin (attenuated continental crust), (2) The Eratosthenes micro-continent (continental crust) and (3) The Herodotus Basin (oceanic crust). Within these domains, numerous tectonic structures were documented and analysed in order to understand the mechanism and timing of deformation. At the northern boundary of the Levant Basin domain, thrust faults verging towards the south were documented in the Cyprus Basin with the thrust movement commencing in Early Miocene time as indicated by on the Larnaca and Margat Ridges. On the Latakia Ridge no activity was identified during this time interval. The acme of deformation occurred in Middle to Late Miocene time, with the activity of the Latakia Ridge indicating the forward propagation of the deformation front towards the south. This southward migration was documented from the development of flexural basins and from stratigraphic onlaps in the Cyprus Basin. Successive tectonic pulses through the Late Miocene until Recent times, are indicated from the angular unconformities and the piggy back basins. In Plio-Pleistocene time, the westward escape of the Anatolian micro-plate resulted in the reactivation of existing structures. The evolution of deformation along the plate boundary is identified from the creation of positive flower structures revealing transpressive movements along the Larnaca and Latakia Ridges (eastern domains). The central domain includes the Eratosthenes Seamount which is characterized as a Mesozoic carbonate platform covered by a thin sequence of sediments ranging from Miocene-Messinian to Pliocene-Pleistocene depositions
Symeou, Vasilis. "Transition from compression to strike-slip tectonic styles along the northern margin of the Levant Basin." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS003/document.
Full textThe Cyprus Arc system is major plate boundary of the Eastern Mediterranean where different plates interact, namely Arabia, Africa, Eurasia, as well as the Anatolian micro-plate. It constitutes the northern boundary of the Levant Basin (of thin stretched continental crust) and the Herodotus Basin (of oceanic crust). The Cyprus Arc is directly linked with the northward convergence of the African continental plate with respect to the Eurasian continental plate since Late Cretaceous time. The indentation of the Arabian plate and the slab pull effect of the African plate roll back in the Aegean region on the eastern and western part of the Anatolian plate respectively, leads to the westward escape of Anatolia from Late Miocene to Recent, which results in a strike-slip component along the Cyprus Arc system and onshore Cyprus. Several scientific questions with regard to the geological setting of the region were investigated during this project. How is the deformation accommodated at the Cyprus Arc system? Is this deformation style affected by the variation of the crustal nature at each domain? How is this deformation recorded on the sedimentary pile onshore Cyprus? How does the onshore and offshore deformation connect within the geodynamic context of the region? In order to answer these scientific questions, 2D reflection seismic data were utilized, that image the main plate structures and their lateral evolution south and east of Cyprus. Interpretation of these data lead to the identification of nine tectono-sedimentary packages in three different crustal domains south of the Cyprus Arc system: (1) The Levant Basin (attenuated continental crust), (2) The Eratosthenes micro-continent (continental crust) and (3) The Herodotus Basin (oceanic crust). Within these domains, numerous tectonic structures were documented and analysed in order to understand the mechanism and timing of deformation. At the northern boundary of the Levant Basin domain, thrust faults verging towards the south were documented in the Cyprus Basin with the thrust movement commencing in Early Miocene time as indicated by on the Larnaca and Margat Ridges. On the Latakia Ridge no activity was identified during this time interval. The acme of deformation occurred in Middle to Late Miocene time, with the activity of the Latakia Ridge indicating the forward propagation of the deformation front towards the south. This southward migration was documented from the development of flexural basins and from stratigraphic onlaps in the Cyprus Basin. Successive tectonic pulses through the Late Miocene until Recent times, are indicated from the angular unconformities and the piggy back basins. In Plio-Pleistocene time, the westward escape of the Anatolian micro-plate resulted in the reactivation of existing structures. The evolution of deformation along the plate boundary is identified from the creation of positive flower structures revealing transpressive movements along the Larnaca and Latakia Ridges (eastern domains). The central domain includes the Eratosthenes Seamount which is characterized as a Mesozoic carbonate platform covered by a thin sequence of sediments ranging from Miocene-Messinian to Pliocene-Pleistocene depositions
Ghalayini, Ramadan. "Structural modelling of the complex Cenozoic zone of the Levant Basin offshore Lebanon." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066316/document.
Full textThe Levant Basin is located at the easternmost Mediterranean at the intersection of three major tectonic plates (Africa, Arabia, Eurasia and the smaller Anatolian microplate). The Levant Fracture System (Arabia-Africa plate boundary) borders the basin to its east and represents a 1000 km long left-lateral transform system linking rifting in the Red Sea with plate convergence along the Taurus Mountains (Arabia-Eurasia plate boundary). The Levant Basin is bordered to the north by the Cyprus Arc (Africa-Eurasia plate boundary). The interaction between these tectonic plates had important consequences on the evolution of the Levant Basin whereby its eastern boundary has been affected by deformation along the Levant Fracture System. This major plate boundary is associated with a restraining bend in Lebanon and has been active since the Late Miocene. Until recent days, the absence of seismic data in the central Levant Basin was an obstacle against characterizing the tectonic setting of the basin. In this area, the geometry, kinematics and the age of the tectonic structures are poorly understood. A focal question thus remains on how the Levant Basin was affected by this adjacent plate boundary. Therefore, what is the impact of the deformation along the Levant Fracture System since the Late Miocene on this basin and how can we assess it? Has the latter been affected by other tectonic regimes prior to the onset of transpression? If so, how would the existing structures influence the style of modern deformation? In this study, high quality 2D and 3D seismic reflection data (with two 4290 m3 3D seismic cubes and seven 830 km long 2D seismic lines) were interpreted allowing identification and timing of the structures in the Levant Basin offshore Lebanon. Several fault families, mapped along the margin, are remnants of a lasting and complex tectonic history since Mesozoic times. These include NNE-SSW striking thrust faults active during the early Tertiary and inactive since the Pliocene; NNE-SSW striking anticlines folded during the Late Miocene and overlying pre-existing structuresd; and ENE-WSW striking dextral strike-slip faults inherited from Mesozoic times and reactivated during the Late Miocene. Only the dextral strike-slip faults show evidence of current activity and are interpreted to be linked to transpression along the Levant Fracture System. They constitute the westward extension of the plate boundary, formed under a transpressif regime and a NW-SE compression. We have showed how this plate boundary has evolved through the Neogene with a decrease in the shortening component during the Pliocene.The identification of pre-existing structures along the eastern Levant margin shed the light on the deep structuration affecting this area, inherited from Mesozoic tectonic events. The impact of these structures was tested through analogue modeling. Results indicated a considerable impact of pre-existing structures on the development of the restraining bend, localizing deformation at the onset of transpression and responsible of segmenting the restraining bend along an ENE direction. These ENE-WSW faults are thus major and are most likely associated with the deformation affecting the Palmyra basin since the Mesozoic, which is thus extending westward to Lebanon. This study has shown the important role of a margin on a strike-slip plate boundary. Namely, the development of antithetic faults (local dextral strike-slip faults in a regional sinistral strike-slip plate boundary) known in other similar plate boundaries is associated with a deep crustal anisotropy localizing the subsequent deformation
Bertoni, Claudia. "3D tectonostratigraphic analysis of the Messinian evaporites in the Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56035/.
Full textGhalayini, Ramadan. "Structural modelling of the complex Cenozoic zone of the Levant Basin offshore Lebanon." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066316.pdf.
Full textThe Levant Basin is located at the easternmost Mediterranean at the intersection of three major tectonic plates (Africa, Arabia, Eurasia and the smaller Anatolian microplate). The Levant Fracture System (Arabia-Africa plate boundary) borders the basin to its east and represents a 1000 km long left-lateral transform system linking rifting in the Red Sea with plate convergence along the Taurus Mountains (Arabia-Eurasia plate boundary). The Levant Basin is bordered to the north by the Cyprus Arc (Africa-Eurasia plate boundary). The interaction between these tectonic plates had important consequences on the evolution of the Levant Basin whereby its eastern boundary has been affected by deformation along the Levant Fracture System. This major plate boundary is associated with a restraining bend in Lebanon and has been active since the Late Miocene. Until recent days, the absence of seismic data in the central Levant Basin was an obstacle against characterizing the tectonic setting of the basin. In this area, the geometry, kinematics and the age of the tectonic structures are poorly understood. A focal question thus remains on how the Levant Basin was affected by this adjacent plate boundary. Therefore, what is the impact of the deformation along the Levant Fracture System since the Late Miocene on this basin and how can we assess it? Has the latter been affected by other tectonic regimes prior to the onset of transpression? If so, how would the existing structures influence the style of modern deformation? In this study, high quality 2D and 3D seismic reflection data (with two 4290 m3 3D seismic cubes and seven 830 km long 2D seismic lines) were interpreted allowing identification and timing of the structures in the Levant Basin offshore Lebanon. Several fault families, mapped along the margin, are remnants of a lasting and complex tectonic history since Mesozoic times. These include NNE-SSW striking thrust faults active during the early Tertiary and inactive since the Pliocene; NNE-SSW striking anticlines folded during the Late Miocene and overlying pre-existing structuresd; and ENE-WSW striking dextral strike-slip faults inherited from Mesozoic times and reactivated during the Late Miocene. Only the dextral strike-slip faults show evidence of current activity and are interpreted to be linked to transpression along the Levant Fracture System. They constitute the westward extension of the plate boundary, formed under a transpressif regime and a NW-SE compression. We have showed how this plate boundary has evolved through the Neogene with a decrease in the shortening component during the Pliocene.The identification of pre-existing structures along the eastern Levant margin shed the light on the deep structuration affecting this area, inherited from Mesozoic tectonic events. The impact of these structures was tested through analogue modeling. Results indicated a considerable impact of pre-existing structures on the development of the restraining bend, localizing deformation at the onset of transpression and responsible of segmenting the restraining bend along an ENE direction. These ENE-WSW faults are thus major and are most likely associated with the deformation affecting the Palmyra basin since the Mesozoic, which is thus extending westward to Lebanon. This study has shown the important role of a margin on a strike-slip plate boundary. Namely, the development of antithetic faults (local dextral strike-slip faults in a regional sinistral strike-slip plate boundary) known in other similar plate boundaries is associated with a deep crustal anisotropy localizing the subsequent deformation
Lteif, Myriam. "Biology, distribution and diversity of cartilaginous fish species along the Lebanese coast, eastern Mediterranean." Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0026/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to contribute to a better knowledge of cartilaginous fish in the Lebanese coastal waters, Eastern Mediterranean. Emphasis was placed on various aspects of the distribution, diversity, biology and ecology of these species. In this study, a total of 314 specimens of cartilaginous fish were sampled. These specimens constituted of 25 cartilaginousfish species, 11 shark species and 14 batoid species. No chimaeras were recorded. The data was collected from two sources: (a) an experimental survey in the framework of the CIHEAM PESCA-Libano project and (b) periodic observation of fisheries and catches of hired fishermen. Spatiotemporal distribution was evaluated using the Catch Per Unit Effort of the experimental survey data. Spatiotemporal diversity was also estimated taking into account the total number of species caught in the survey and fisheries/fishermen data. Length-weight relationships for three sharks and five batoids were also presented for species of the combined data sources having more than 10 individuals. Finally, the biology and ecology of two commercially significant and exploited species were also presented as a first step in their fishery management andconservation
Hawie, Nicolas. "Architecture, geodynamic evolution and sedimentary filling of the levant basin : a 3D quantitative approach based on seismic data." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00990235.
Full textHawie, Nicolas. "Architecture, geodynamic evolution and sedimentary filling of the levant basin : a 3D quantitative approach based on seismic data." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066048.
Full textSedimentological and biostratigraphic investigations onshore Lebanon coupled with 2D offshore reflection seismic data allowed proposing a new Mesozoic-Present tectono-stratigraphic framework for the northern Levant Margin and Basin. The seismic interpretation supported by in-depth facies analysis permitted to depict the potential depositional environments offshore Lebanon as no well has yet been drilled. The Levant region has been affected by successive geodynamic events that modified the architecture of its margin and basin from a Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic rift into a Late Cretaceous subduction followed by collision and Miocene-Present strike slip motion. The interplay between major geodynamic events as well as sea level fluctuations impacted on the sedimentary infill of the basin. During Jurassic and Cretaceous, the Levant Margin is dominated by the aggradation of a carbonate platform while deepwater mixed-systems prevailed in the basin during the Oligo-Miocene, three major sedimentary pathways are expected to drive important quantities of clastic material into the Levant Basin: (1) canyons along the Levant Margin, (2) the Latakia region (coastlal Syria) and (3) the Nile Deep sea cone. Regional drainage system analysis was performed to estimate the contribution of the different sediment sources to the infill of the basin. A numerical stratigraphic forward model, Dionisos, was used to test the Middle-Late Miocene source-to-sink scenarios permitting to better assess the plausibility of the expected sedimentary volumes for each source through a comparison with actual drainage systems
Ouba, Anthony. "Variabilité saisonnière et interannuelle (2000-2013) de l'abondance, de la biomasse et du spectre de taille du zooplancton dans le bassin Levantin." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066545/document.
Full textThe occurring of the cyclic Eastern Mediterranean Transient and the climatic change have effects on the Levantine marine ecosystem. Understanding the response of zooplankton to such variations is of importance for ecosystem services. This thesis represents a pioneer study in enlightening the seasonality and the interannuality, as well as the spectra size of the zooplankton at a fix point B2 (N34º14.856; E35º36.067, North Lebanon). In this context, a 14 years unique time-series was conducted by a 52 µm mesh size net and analyzed with a powerful synthetic index, the Zooscan to monitor changes in the pelagic system. The results found that the maximum zooplankton biomass was coupled to the phytoplankton spring bloom, whereas abundances increased in the summer possibly due to the recruitment. Following the EMT-like in 2005, the salinity increased in the study area and the whole basin. Zooplankton abundance and biomass increased abruptly possibly related to the enhanced primary production which is hidden by the "top down" control by zooplankton. Moreover, the nutrients enrichment of anthropogenic origin at the sea surface characterized the site by more or less productive occasional periods. The zooplankton size structure has also changed along the period depending on the hydrological factors. The spectral slope analysis showed an interannual variability according to the abundances. While the spectra shape analysis displayed a domination of big size individuals during winter and spring seasons. This automatic measurement highlighted the efficiency of detecting changes in zooplankton that can be related to broader ecosystem perturbation
Carton, Hélène. "Etudes tectoniques en Méditerranée orientale par analyse de données de sismique réflexion : Mer de Marmara (Bassin de ̧Cinarcik) et Marge du Liban." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GLOB0019.
Full textBaird, Douglas. "Neolithic chipped stone assemblages from the Azraq Basin, Jordan, and the significance of the Neolithic of the arid zones of the southern Levant." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19860.
Full textKabbara, Nijad. "Caractéristiques et variabilité de l'hydrodynamique des eaux superficielles du bassin Levantin méditerranéen au large de la côte libanaise." Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0652.
Full textThe contribution of this dissertation is threefold. First, the monthly mean sea surface temperature (SST) fields (1985/1997) calculated by the national oceanic and atmospheric administration pathfinder project analysis of the advanced very high resolution radiometer data are used to investigate the temporal and spatial variability to warm/cool anomalies in the Levantine Basin. Wind data from the European remote sensing satellite over the LB in the period from January 1992 to December 1997 are analyzed and the surface wind stress and wind stress curl are calculated. Cross correlation coefficients between the wind stress curl and SST anomaly are calculated to reveal the air-sea interaction in the LB. Second within the framework of the project “Mediterranean network to assess and upgrade monitoring and forecasting activity in the region” of MedGOOS, a high resolution nested hydrodynamic model is implemented for the coastal, shelf and open sea areas off the Lebanese coast, East Levantine basin of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. The model is a version of the Princeton ocean model. It is nested to a coarse resolution regional model of the Aegean and Levantine Eddy Resolving Model that covers the Eastern Mediterranean
Bou, Daher Samer Verfasser], Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] [Littke, and Rudy [Akademischer Betreuer] Swennen. "Source rock characterization and petroleum generation modelling of the Levant Basin, onshore-offshore Lebanon : an integrated approach / Samer Bou Daher ; Ralf Littke, Rudy Swennen." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1130151352/34.
Full textBou, Daher Samer [Verfasser], Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Littke, and Rudy [Akademischer Betreuer] Swennen. "Source rock characterization and petroleum generation modelling of the Levant Basin, onshore-offshore Lebanon : an integrated approach / Samer Bou Daher ; Ralf Littke, Rudy Swennen." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1130151352/34.
Full textTahchi, Elias. "Le bassin Levantin et l'Arc de Chypre : processus sédimentaires et structuraux le long d'une frontière de plaque sous-marine." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0818.
Full textThe convergence of Eurasian and African plates started since the Cretaceous by a succession of subduction and pre-collision zones that witness a closure process of the Mediterranean. The Cyprus Arc is the easternmost segment of this Mediterranean convergence system which got complicated with the westward extrusion of the Anatolian microplate. This movement generates in the Eastern Mediterranean and in particularly along the Cyprus Arc a complex tectonic regime. During the research cruise BLAC in 2003 onboard the R/V Le Suroît, 20. 000 sq Km of seafloor has been mapped including the easternmost segment of Cyprus Arc and going from Hecataeus Seamount till the Syrian margins. The following data have been acquired continuously and in a simultaneous way: Multibeam bathymetry and backscatter imagery with the multibeam echousounder EM300, 6-traces seismic reflection, subbottom sediment echousounder (CHIRP), gravity and magnetic data. This manuscript gives structural and morphological analysis of the easternmost segment of the Cyprus Arc as well as a detailed study of gravity induced instabilities on the Syrian margin and the different mud and salt activities in the adjacent basins of the Cyprus Arc
Ouba, Anthony. "Variabilité saisonnière et interannuelle (2000-2013) de l'abondance, de la biomasse et du spectre de taille du zooplancton dans le bassin Levantin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066545.pdf.
Full textThe occurring of the cyclic Eastern Mediterranean Transient and the climatic change have effects on the Levantine marine ecosystem. Understanding the response of zooplankton to such variations is of importance for ecosystem services. This thesis represents a pioneer study in enlightening the seasonality and the interannuality, as well as the spectra size of the zooplankton at a fix point B2 (N34º14.856; E35º36.067, North Lebanon). In this context, a 14 years unique time-series was conducted by a 52 µm mesh size net and analyzed with a powerful synthetic index, the Zooscan to monitor changes in the pelagic system. The results found that the maximum zooplankton biomass was coupled to the phytoplankton spring bloom, whereas abundances increased in the summer possibly due to the recruitment. Following the EMT-like in 2005, the salinity increased in the study area and the whole basin. Zooplankton abundance and biomass increased abruptly possibly related to the enhanced primary production which is hidden by the "top down" control by zooplankton. Moreover, the nutrients enrichment of anthropogenic origin at the sea surface characterized the site by more or less productive occasional periods. The zooplankton size structure has also changed along the period depending on the hydrological factors. The spectral slope analysis showed an interannual variability according to the abundances. While the spectra shape analysis displayed a domination of big size individuals during winter and spring seasons. This automatic measurement highlighted the efficiency of detecting changes in zooplankton that can be related to broader ecosystem perturbation
Abe, Masashi. "The Development of Urbanism and Pastoral Nomads in the Southern Levant -Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age Stone Tool Production Industries and Flint Mines in the Jafr Basin, Southern Jordan-." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490802.
Full textElia, Josiane. "Fractionnement bioguidé de Laurencia papillosa de la côte libanaise : identification du cholest-4-èn-3-one, un nouvel agoniste de LXR cytotoxique pour les cellules du cancer du sein." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4008/document.
Full textMarine algae are of great interest as a promising source of biochemically active compounds. In this context, the red alga Laurencia papillosa from the Lebanese coast was subjected to a bioguided fractionation to isolate cytotoxic compounds. In parallel, an analysis of the lipid composition of this alga was performed. Lipid analysis showed that the total lipid content was low and that the main fraction was glycolipids, followed by neutral lipids and phospholipids. Saturated fatty acids were the main class of fatty acids, followed by C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Besides, various sterols have been identified and cholesterol has been found to be the most dominant. The bioguided fractionation of the algal extract led to the identification of cholest-4-en-3-one. The study of this steroid on our models of breast cancer cells has shown that it reduces the expression of the enzymes of lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis. In addition, this metabolite increases the expression of the ABC transporters involved in cholesterol efflux, as well as the expression of LXR in a macrophage model. Moreover, the steroid disrupts the integrity of lipid rafts and active signaling pathways in cancer, evidenced by reduced expression of flotillin-2 and EGFR in lipid rafts. As a result, inhibition of cell growth and migration was noted. These results indicate that cholest-4-en-3-one exerts LXR agonist activity in breast cancer cells: it decreases cell growth, increases expression of ABC transporters and, interestingly, reduces lipogenesis
Badreddine, Ali. "Écosystèmes côtiers du littoral libanais : état écologique, conservation, évolution." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4031/document.
Full textThe aim of this study was to provide further knowledge of the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on the conservation status of important shallow habitats (vermetid reefs, Cystoseira forests) in a relatively poorly known region of the Mediterranean Sea: the Lebanese coast. Multiple approaches were applied for the first time along the Levantine Sea, such as the CARLIT (CARtography of rocky-shore LITtoral communities) index, a tool conceived to quantify the Ecological Status (ES) in the framework of the Water Directive (WFD 2000/60/EU). A general description of the Lebanese coastline, summarizing the major environmental features and anthropogenic activities influencing benthic communities, highlighted that Lebanon has been (and is at present) subject to multiple stressors. The application of the CARLIT, based on macroalgal, gives important insights on the ES of Lebanese ecosystems in relation to human impacts and provides a detailed cartography on the distribution and abundance of shallow communities, and in particular Cystoseira and Sargassum forests. The survey of some Lebanese vermetid reefs allowed the evaluation of their current status according to different human pressures and highlighted that they are highly affected by human pressures and only few of them are still alive. In a view of the upcoming oil and gas discovery offshore Lebanon, Lebanese marine ecosystems are under multiple and massive threats; the data provided in the research performed provide a baseline of the distribution and conservation status of key habitats along Lebanese coasts, in order to follow their evolution and to have a management tool in case of catastrophic oil spills
Azoury, Sabine. "Étude de la contamination de la côte libanaise par les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAPs) et les éléments traces métalliques (ETMs) : archives sédimentaires et biomonitoring suite à une marée noire." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14755/document.
Full textThis research project aims at the study of the contamination of the Lebanese coast by PAHs, DDE, Hg and Pb. The research work is divided into two distinct parts concerning two environmental compartments (sedimentary and biological) and it addresses different questions and approaches. In the first part, the study of a dated sediment core raised from the continental shelf in southern Lebanese coast allowed reconstructing the contamination history in the Levantine basin. The contaminants’ analysis as well as 210Pb and 137Cs datation allowed obtaining a reliable record of mercury, lead and PAHs sedimentary deposition in the Lebanese continental margin in the Levantine basin. Although concentrations and fluxes are relatively low, a two-phase increase of concentration is found using C1 core sedimentary profiles. Coal was identified as the main source of Pb, Hg and PAHs in the Levantine basin between the mid 19th and the mid 20th century. Ratios of Pb stable isotopes and PAH diagnostic ratios support this assumption. The studied sedimentary archives provide also information on the deposition of contaminants on a global scale possibly related to atmospheric emissions mainly from Central and Eastern Europe. In the second part of the thesis, the study of contamination by PAHs of the Lebanese coast was undertaken following an oil spill in the south of Lebanon, which occurred after the bombardment by the Israeli military of the electric power plant in Jiyeh in 2006. We have set-up a biomonitoring program with an invasive mussel specie Brachidontes variabilis over a three-year study. Results indicate a progressive decrease of PAH concentrations in the intertidal ecosystem of the Lebanese coast. Contamination of the subtidal zone in 2007 by Jiyeh fuel oil was significantly lower. However, Jiyeh fuel oil signature was still detectable in mussel tissues even three years after the oil spill. Contamination was found to be particularly persistent in some of the highly oiled sites. It appears that pre-spill state was still not reached even three years following the oil spill. Detailed investigation of spatio-temporal changes of intertidal mussels contamination by PAH is also presented in this part of the thesis
Zorzin, Nicolas. "Les importations de céramique chypriote au Proche-Orient de 1050 à 323 av. J.-C." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16865.
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