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Journal articles on the topic 'Bassin de Somalie'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

PAJĄK, Krzysztof. "Współpraca państw UE w realizacji polityki akwenowej na przykładzie pierwszej, morskiej, militarnej operacji EUNAVFOR ATALANTA." Przegląd Politologiczny, no. 4 (November 2, 2018): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2010.15.4.4.

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The uncontrollable outbreak of piracy attacks off the Somali coast has lately made the East African coast the area where the majority of all global maritime crimes occur. Located in East Africa, Somalia borders one of the most important maritime communication routes on Earth: the Suez Canal – the Red Sea – the Gulf of Aden. EU states could be acutely affected by the disruption of sea trade in this area, therefore they have become actively involved in fighting piracy off the Somali coast. As a result of political, organizational and legal activity, the Council of the EU established the first maritime military operation under the auspices of the European Union – EUNAVFOR Somalia – Operation Atalanta. The efficient operation of EU naval forces, hundreds of miles from European shores would not have been possible had it not been for an extensive and comprehensive maritime policy. Not only has its implementation enabled the EU to chase pirates in the Somali basin, or helped bring any criminals detained before the courts, but is has also influenced countries outside the European Union.

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2

Lemenkova, Polina, and O. Debeir. "Satellite Altimetry and Gravimetry Data for Mapping Marine Geodetic and Geophysical Setting of the Seychelles and the Somali Sea, Indian Ocean." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2022-0026.

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Abstract Evaluation of the representative cartographic techniques demonstrated that there are still considerable challenges facing the methods of marine geodetic, geophysical and bathymetric data visualisation. In an oceanic seafloor formation, the interaction between the geological structural elements and topographical relief can be analysed by advanced mapping. In present study, a correlation between geodesy, geophysics and topography has been examined including the following variables: geological structure, coastal topography and bathymetry, geophysical fields, free-air gravity anomalies and geoid undulation, sediment thickness, bathymetric patterns, and extension of the transform faults. The variables were visualised on the high-resolution raster grids using Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) scripting toolset. The study area is located in the Seychelles and the Somali Sea segment of the Indian Ocean. The data incorporates satellite-derived gravity grid, EGM-2008, geological structures, topography from GEBCO grid and GlobSed sediment thickness, processed by GMT scripts. The results demonstrated that western continental slope of Somalia is wide, gently declining to the seafloor at depths exceeding -5000 m. Kenya and Tanzania present a wide continental foot with depths ranging from -3500 to -5000 m. The Somali Sea basin shows low sedimentation lower than 500 m, while ridges and island chains have higher sediment influx (1,000-2,000 m). The Mozambique Channel has dominating values at 2,500-3,500 m. Higher values are noted near the Reunion and Mauritius islands until the Seychelles via the Mascarene Plateau (500-1,000 m) against the <500 m in the areas of the Mid-Indian Ridge, Carlsberg Ridge and open water.

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3

Cochran, James R. "Somali Basin, Chain Ridge, and origin of the Northern Somali Basin gravity and geoid low." Journal of Geophysical Research 93, B10 (1988): 11985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jb093ib10p11985.

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4

Dengler, M., D. Quadfasel, F. Schott, and J. Fischer. "Abyssal circulation in the Somali Basin." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 49, no. 7-8 (January 2002): 1297–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0645(01)00167-9.

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5

Ismail Dhaqane, Abdirahman, Mohamad Fared Murshed, Khaldoon A. Mourad, and Teh Sabariah Binti Abd Manan. "Assessment of the Streamflow and Evapotranspiration at Wabiga Juba Basin Using a Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) Model." Water 15, no. 14 (July 17, 2023): 2594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15142594.

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Rapid population growth, industrialization, and agricultural activities have impacted water resources in the arid and semi-arid areas of Somalia. The Lower Juba region in Somalia has been the most affected region. Therefore, an analysis of the hydrological patterns is essential. This paper assesses streamflow and evapotranspiration in the Wabiga Juba basin in Somalia using a hydrological simulation model, namely, the water evaluation and planning (WEAP) system via the soil moisture method. The datasets included 53 (average precipitation) and 13 (streamflow) year periods from two meteorological stations. The estimated values for potential evapotranspiration (11,921.98 to 20,775.39 MCM) were higher than the actual evapotranspiration (4904.10 to 8242.72 MCM) by 50 to 79.5%, respectively. The annual streamflow in Juba Dolow and runoff proportion of the Wabiga Juba River was estimated to be 10% of the annual precipitation. Most of the surface runoff occurred in April (47%), May (31%), October (5%), and November (14%). The streamflow variation responded to the pattern of precipitation. The model performance achieved a Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) coefficient of 0.71, coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.91, and percent bias (PBIAS) of 14%. The WEAP model of the Wabiga Juba basin is a baseline study for water resource management in Somalia to mitigate water shortage impacts due to limited water resources.

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6

Beal, Lisa M., Robert L. Molinari, Teresa K. Chereskin, and Paul E. Robbins. "Reversing bottom circulation in the Somali Basin." Geophysical Research Letters 27, no. 16 (August 15, 2000): 2565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999gl011316.

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7

Coffin, M. F., P. D. Rabinowitz, and R. E. Houtz. "Crustal structure in the Western Somali Basin." Geophysical Journal International 86, no. 2 (August 1, 1986): 331–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1986.tb03832.x.

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8

Tchie, Andrew E. Yaw. "Waging Peace, towards an Africa Union Stabilisation Strategy for Somalia." Journal of International Peacekeeping 25, no. 3 (October 25, 2022): 236–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-25030004.

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Abstract Over the last few years, successful military operations across Somalia have helped to unshackle towns south of Mogadishu from al Shabaab, demonstrating the capacity of the African Union Mission to Somalia (amisom) to achieve parts of its mandate. However, friction between the Federal Government of Somalia and the Federal Member States have heightened tensions and rifts over elections, state management and overall security, despite significant international support. Despite amisom s efforts, the legacies of the 1990s civil war have remained unresolved, and state restoration has been disrupted by political, clannish, environmental and structural challenges. In contrast, al Shabaab remains adaptable, resilient and exploits grievances, local dynamics, and competition over resources. This paper argues, the African Union (AU) Peace and Security Council needs to re-mandate and reinforce amisom in conjunction with an AU stabilisation strategy for Somalia which exploits experiences from the AU’s Regional Stabilisation Strategy for the Lake Chad Basin.

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9

Jansky, Okiya Jimmy. "Improving Adaptive Capacity of Riverine Communities in Responding to Floods in Beledweyne District, Somalia." Multidisciplinary Journal of Horseed International University (MJHIU) 1, no. 2 (October 9, 2023): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.59336/9kdzm360.

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This study aimed at improving the adaptive capacity of riverine communities in responding to floods in Beledweyne district, Somalia. The objectives of the study were to examine the factors that determine flood vulnerability of riverine communities in responding to floods in Beledweyne District, Somalia, to assess the indicators of adaptive capacity of riverine communities in responding to floods in Beledweyne District, Somalia and to evaluate the adopted strategies for improving adaptive capacities to flood hazards by riverine communities of Beledweyne District, Somalia. The study employed quantitative research approach using descriptive research design to analyse the adaptive capacity of riverine communities in responding to floods in Beledweyne District, Somalia. The research used data collection tools like questionnaire, interview and documentary review to collect the data. The main findings of the study were that there are many factors determining flood vulnerability of riverine communities in responding to floods in Beledweyne District, Somalia like staying very close to the river increases community members’ vulnerability to floods in the areas, staying near the estuary to flood, staying near the high-water mark, staying near the river defense walls, staying near the basin bridge with poor condition and many others. Secondly, the findings of the study indicate that there are indicators of adaptive capacity of riverine communities in responding to floods in Beledweyne District, Somalia which they encompass: low level of emergency and preparedness plan and resources, low level of emergency and preparedness plan and resources, low improvement of livelihoods and rural economy in the flood prone areas and low improvement of livelihoods and rural economy in the flood prone areas. Furthermore, the findings of the study indicate that the recommend strategies for improving adaptive capacities to flood hazards by riverine communities of Beledweyne District, Somalia entail: continuous assessment of the sector and infrastructure vulnerability in the riverine communities, executing early actions to increase economic resilience in livelihoods, assessment of the critical infrastructure (roads, bridges, utilities, prevention of ad hoc basin defenses, favor non-structural solutions and preparation and implementation of effective early warning messages that reach marginalized groups of people. The study recommends that there should be preparation of medium-term development and spatial plans, there should be proper preparation of medium-term development and spatial plans in Beledweyne district, preparation of proper local plans and the district authority or leaders in collaboration with the national leaders should prepare proper local plans for riverine communities.

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10

Ali, M. Y., and A. B. Watts. "Crustal structure of the Nogal basin, northern Somalia." Journal of African Earth Sciences 184 (December 2021): 104385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2021.104385.

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11

Fieux, M., and J. C. Swallow. "Flow of deep water into the Somali Basin." Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers 35, no. 2 (February 1988): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90041-6.

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12

Johnson, Gregory C., Bruce A. Warren, and Donald B. Olson. "Flow of bottom water in the Somali Basin." Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers 38, no. 6 (June 1991): 637–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(91)90003-x.

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13

Cochran, James R. "Correction to “Somali Basin, Chain Ridge, and origin of the Northern Somali Basin gravity and geoid low” by James R. Cochran." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 93, B12 (December 10, 1988): 15344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jb093ib12p15344.

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14

BARROS, OLGA ALCÂNTARA, and PAULO VICTOR DE OLIVEIRA. "New Dendrobranchiata fossil preserved in the Brazilian Cretaceous (Aptian/Albian) from the Araripe Basin, Piauí State." Zootaxa 5264, no. 4 (April 17, 2023): 545–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5264.4.5.

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The fossil shrimp Somalis piauiensis n. gen. n. sp. is a new fossil record of Penaeoidea from the Araripe Basin. The purpose of this study is to describe a new decapod crustacean from the Romualdo Formation of the Santana Group and compare it with other fossil Dendrobranchiata described from this basin. The new fossil is characterized by a carapace with antennal and branchiostegal spines. Long rostrum, with thirteen evident dorsal spines yielding a serrate appearance. The laminar scaphocerite is large with a weakly rounded lateral margin and is longer than the rostrum. The fossil specimen is the first occurrence of shrimp in the Piauí territory.

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15

De Wilde, Hein P. J., and Willem Helder. "Nitrous oxide in the Somali Basin: the role of upwelling." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 44, no. 6-7 (January 1997): 1319–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0645(97)00011-8.

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16

Singh, A. D., and S. M. H. Conan. "Aragonite pteropod flux to the Somali Basin, NW Arabian Sea." Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 55, no. 5 (May 2008): 661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2008.02.008.

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17

HAUSER, MARC, ROSSANA MARTINI, ALBERT MATTER, LEOPOLD KRYSTYN, TJERK PETERS, GÉRARD STAMPFLI, and LOUISETTE ZANINETTI. "The break-up of East Gondwana along the northeast coast of Oman: evidence from the Batain basin." Geological Magazine 139, no. 2 (March 2002): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756801006264.

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Recent detailed studies on the Batain nappes (northeast coast of Oman), which represent a special part of the so-called ‘Oman Exotics’, have led to a better understanding of the Neotethyan geo-dynamic evolution. The Batain Exotics bear witness to volcanic activity, sea-level changes, tectonic instability, rifting and oceanization along the Eastern Oman margin during Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic times. They allow definition of the Batain basin as an aborted Permian branch of Neotethys. This marine basin was created in Early Permian times extending southward to the East African/ Madagascar region and was linked to the Karoo rift system. The presented revised classification of the Batain nappes considers the Batain basin to be no longer a part of the Hawasina basin and the Neotethyan margin proper. We attribute the Batain basin to a Mozambique–Somali–Masirah rift system (Somoma). This system started in Early Permian, times, creating a marine basin between Arabia and India/Madagascar; rifting in the Late Triassic and oceanization during Late Jurassic times led to the separation of East Gondwana.

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18

Zabanbark, A., A. I. Konyuhov, and L. I. Lobkovsky. "Formation of Gas Accumulation on the East African Continental Margins." Океанология 63, no. 3 (May 1, 2023): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0030157423030152.

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At present the continental margin of the South-East Africa is in the process of actives search prospecting. However on like of the West African continental margins, where throughout its entire length discovered mainly liquid hydrocarbons, in researching region known on the whole only gas accumulations. The reason for this is most likely the Karoo complex formation dating at early Permian, which is widespread at the East African basins. Enormous reserves of coal contained in the section of the Karoo formation in different basins (basin Karoo in SAR). Complex Karoo extending from south-west to north-east and little by little reduced not only by thickness, but in the content of coal reserve in it. The regions where the complex reduced at the north – east of the South- East Africa, appeared oil accumulation, like as in Lamu basin (Kenia), Somali and etc. Large gas reserves are discovered at the continental margin of the South-East Africa in Rovuma basin, North Mozambique and South Tanzania. This basin is nearest neighbor just the Karoo basin. Today Mozambique becomes a gas State in the Indian Ocean.

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19

Banakar, V. K., R. R. Nair, M. Tarkian, and B. Haake. "Neogene oceanographic variations recorded in manganese nodules from the Somali Basin." Marine Geology 110, no. 3-4 (March 1993): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(93)90096-e.

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20

Miles, P. R., M. Munschy, and J. Ségoufin. "Structure and early evolution of the Arabian Sea and East Somali Basin." Geophysical Journal International 134, no. 3 (September 1998): 876–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.1998.00625.x.

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21

Sagri, M., E. Abbate, and P. Bruni. "Deposits of ephemeral and perennial lakes in the tertiary Daban Basin (Northern Somalia)." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 70, no. 1-3 (April 1989): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(89)90092-8.

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22

Singer, A., K. Stahr, and M. Zarei. "Characteristics and origin of sepiolite (Meerschaum) from Central Somalia." Clay Minerals 33, no. 2 (June 1998): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/000985598545525.

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AbstractNearly pure sepiolite clay crops out in a playa-like depression near El Bur, Central Plateau region of Somalia. The deposit is associated with the Lower to Mid-Eocene Taleh Formation that includes, besides limestone, dolomite and gypsiferous marls, extensive anhydrite and various evaporites, primarily gypsum. The material was examined by XRD, DTA, IR and EM. The XRD and DTA analyses indicated that from 40 cm down to a depth of 300 cm, the material consists of well crystallized sepiolite, accompanied in some layers by minor calcite and traces of quartz and halite. The chemical composition, determined by XRF, indicated a low-Fe mineral, with the formula: (Si11.888Al0.l12)(Mg7.313Al0.154Fe0.084)O30(OH2)4(OH2)4.x8H2O.The fibres, arranged in the form of interwoven mats, are straight and have lengths varying between 2-6 µm and widths of 20-40 nm. Commonly, they are aggregated into units of two parallel-lying fibres, with a random orientation against each other, creating a dense network of pores. The high viscosity and external surface area (306-346 m2g-1) of the material, compared to those of the Spanish Vallecas sepiolite, suggest the high industrial suitability of this clay. The extent of the deposit is not known. Lithology and geomorphology indicate a lacustrine, closed basin evaporative environment of formation for this deposit. In contrast to the palaeolacustrine environments of formation of Spanish and Turkish sepiolite deposits, the E1 Bur sepiolite apparently is more recent.

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23

Bushozi, Pastory M., Cassian T. Mumbi, Veronica M. Muiruri, and Musa S. Mwitondi. "The Reconstruction of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene Vegetation Dynamics in Lake Eyasi Basin, Northern Tanzania." Tanzania Journal of Science 48, no. 2 (June 17, 2022): 352–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v48i2.11.

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Lake Eyasi Basin of northern Tanzania plays a pivotal role in the study of human-environment interactions and in understanding human flexibility and adaptability through technological innovations over time and space. In this study, phytoliths from ancient soils and fossil pollen proxies from radiocarbon-dated sequences from Kisimangeda on the north-eastern edge of the Lake Eyasi Basin, are used to interpret trends in climatic changes recorded since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the present. We used pollen and phytolith abundances from a core that was recovered on the northern margin of saline Lake Eyasi at the depth of five metres. The application of principal component and cluster analysis, together with linear regression provides insight into dataset structure and grouping with reference to the modern comparative datasets that in turn allow us to classify the various palaeoenvironments and paleohabitats occupied by the late Later Stone Age, Pastoral Neolithic, and Iron Age inhabitants of Kisimangeda. The chronological order, pollen and phytolith records in the studied part of the basin signify palaeoenvironments analogous to the Somalia-Maasai bushland and grassland ecosystems of today. Keywords: Palaeoenvironments; Late Pleistocene; Holocene; pollen; phytoliths; human adaptation

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24

Smart, C. W. "Diversity Patterns of Miocene Benthic Foraminifera in the Somali Basin, Northwestern Indian Ocean." Micropaleontology 44, no. 3 (1998): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1486048.

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25

Conan, S. M. H., E. M. Ivanova, and G. J. A. Brummer. "Quantifying carbonate dissolution and calibration of foraminiferal dissolution indices in the Somali Basin." Marine Geology 182, no. 3-4 (April 2002): 325–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-3227(01)00238-9.

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26

Conan, S. M. H., and G. J. A. Brummer. "Fluxes of planktic foraminifera in response to monsoonal upwelling on the Somalia Basin margin." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 47, no. 9-11 (January 2000): 2207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0645(00)00022-9.

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27

Meynadier, Laure, Jean-Pierre Valet, and Francis E. Grousset. "Magnetic properties and origin of Upper Quaternary sediments in the Somali Basin, Indian Ocean." Paleoceanography 10, no. 3 (June 1995): 459–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94pa03151.

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28

Divakar Naidu, P., Björn A. Malmgren, and Lennart Bornmalm. "Quaternary history of calcium carbonate fluctuations in the western equatorial Indian Ocean (Somali Basin)." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 103, no. 1-2 (July 1993): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(93)90048-n.

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29

Davis, Joshua K., Lawrence A. Lawver, Ian O. Norton, and Lisa M. Gahagan. "New Somali Basin magnetic anomalies and a plate model for the early Indian Ocean." Gondwana Research 34 (June 2016): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2016.02.010.

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30

Ali, M. Y., and J. H. Lee. "PETROLEUM GEOLOGY OF THE NOGAL BASIN AND SURROUNDING AREA, NORTHERN SOMALIA, PART 2: HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL." Journal of Petroleum Geology 42, no. 3 (June 11, 2019): 233–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpg.12732.

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31

Houghton-Carr, H. A., C. R. Print, M. J. Fry, H. Gadain, and P. Muchiri. "An assessment of the surface water resources of the Juba-Shabelle basin in southern Somalia." Hydrological Sciences Journal 56, no. 5 (July 2011): 759–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2011.585470.

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32

Sembroni, Andrea, and Paola Molin. "Long-term drainage system evolution in the Wabe Shebele River basin (SE Ethiopia - SW Somalia)." Geomorphology 320 (November 2018): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.08.001.

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33

Wyatt, Lee. "Teaching History In The Army." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 19, no. 1 (April 1, 1994): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.19.1.26-32.

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The dramatic world events since the late 1980s have altered fundamentally the assumptions that military planners had embraced after World War II. The Persian Gulf War; collapse of the Soviet Union; realignment of basic security arrangements in Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and the Pacific Basin; apprehension about nuclear proliferation; prospects for global economic change; and the resurgence of regional instabilities, ethnic disputes, and nationalism-all these events offer challenges to U.S. interests not faced even during the darkest days of the Cold War. Indeed, the deployment and use of American armed forces over the past decade in such areas as Latin America, the Middle East, Caribbean Basin, Libya, Southwest Asia, Liberia, Somalia, and Bangladesh emphasize that U.S. military leaders must understand more so than at any time in the recent past not only operations and tactics but also strategic implications regarding regions with diverse historical, political, economic, social, and cultural traditions. Despite the claims of some optimists that the prospects for conflict have diminished, the post-Cold War era will be fraught with danger and require recognition of the tensions created by the trends of continuity and change.

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34

Coffin, Millard F., and Philip D. Rabinowitz. "Reconstruction of Madagascar and Africa: Evidence from the Davie Fracture Zone and Western Somali Basin." Journal of Geophysical Research 92, B9 (1987): 9385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jb092ib09p09385.

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35

Nagar, S. G., U. Iyer, and P. Seetaramayya. "Observed variations in air–sea exchange processes over Somali basin during monsoons 1988 and 1991." Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science 10, no. 1 (March 2005): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17417530500092157.

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36

BEHERA, S. K., and P. S. SALVEKAR. "A numerical modelling study of the interannual variability in the Indian Ocean." MAUSAM 46, no. 4 (January 2, 2022): 409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v46i4.3325.

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A simple reductA1 gravity wind-driven ocean circulation model is used to study the interannual variability in the upper layer of the Indian Ocean (24°S-23°N and 3S°E-IIS0E). The monthly mean wind stress for the period 1977-1986 are used as a forcing in the model. The model reproduces most of the observed features of the annual cycle of the upper layer circulation in the Indian Ocean when was forced with the ten-year average monthly mean wind. The circulation features and the model upper layer thickness show considerable interannual variability in most part of the basin; in particular, the Somali Current, the basin wide southern hemisphere gyre, the Equatorial Currents and the gyres in the Bay of Bengal. Six consecutive years starting from 1978 to 1983 which include two bad monsoon years of 1979 and 1982 are chosen to study the interannual variability. February circulation field shows stronger Equatorial Counter Currents in bad monsoon years, whereas. the cunents north of Madagascar flowing up to the African coast are found to be stronger in good monsoon years. The southward return flow from the Southern Gyre in August is strong and more to southern latitudes in the bad monsoon years. The flow circulated eastward to form another eddy east of Southern Gyre. The basin wide gyre of the southern hemisphere (SH) shows less variability in two consecutive normal years than in contrasting years.

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37

Sauter, Daniel, Patrick Unternehr, Gianreto Manatschal, Julie Tugend, Mathilde Cannat, Patrick Le Quellec, Nick Kusznir, et al. "Evidence for magma entrapment below oceanic crust from deep seismic reflections in the Western Somali Basin." Geology 44, no. 6 (April 19, 2016): 407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g37747.1.

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38

Grazzini, C. Vergnaud, M. T. Vénec-peyré, J. P. Caulet, and N. Lerasle. "Fertility tracers and monsoon forcing at an equatorial site of the Somali Basin (Northwest Indian Ocean)." Marine Micropaleontology 26, no. 1-4 (December 1995): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(95)00070-4.

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39

Ali, M. Y., and J. Lee. "PETROLEUM GEOLOGY OF THE NOGAL BASIN AND SURROUNDING AREA, NORTHERN SOMALIA: PART 1, STRATIGRAPHY AND TECTONIC EVOLUTION." Journal of Petroleum Geology 42, no. 1 (December 10, 2018): 91–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpg.12726.

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40

PREMCHAND, K., JS SASTRY, and CS MURTY. "Watermass structure in the western Indian Ocean- Part III: The spreading and transformation of Red Sea watermass." MAUSAM 37, no. 3 (July 1, 1986): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v37i3.2377.

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The structure of the Red Sea Watermass (RSW) is presented. The spread of this watermass is confined to 16 N In the Arabian Sea. The depth of occurrence of its core shallows as the watermass spreads zonally and deepens towards south In the Mozambique channel. The transformation of this watermass is more rapid In the Gulf of Aden due to vertical fixing. The southern boundary of this watermass is fixed at 10 S0 where the core of RSW comes In contact with the core, of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AIW) which results in the formation of an Isohaline layer due to isopycnal mixing. Further south this watermass shows an increase in its density and Its core is noticeable at lower steric levels. The occurrence of salinity minimum in the Somali basin has been attributed to the penetration of RSW into the Subtropical Subsurface Water overlying the Antarctic Intermediate Water mass.

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41

Ogata, Tomomichi, and Shang-Ping Xie. "Semiannual Cycle in Zonal Wind over the Equatorial Indian Ocean." Journal of Climate 24, no. 24 (December 15, 2011): 6471–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli4243.1.

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Abstract The semiannual cycle in zonal wind over the equatorial Indian Ocean is investigated by use of ocean–atmospheric reanalyses, and linear ocean–atmospheric models. In observations, the semiannual cycle in zonal wind is dominant on the equator and confined in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Results from a momentum budget analysis show that momentum advection generated by the cross-equatorial monsoon circulation is important for the semiannual zonal-wind cycle in the equatorial Indian Ocean. In experiments with a linearized primitive model of the atmosphere, semiannual momentum forcing due to the meridional advection over the central equatorial Indian Ocean is important to simulate the observed maxima of the semiannual cycle in equatorial zonal wind. Off Somalia, diabatic heating and surface friction over land weaken the semiannual response to large momentum forcing there. Results from a linear ocean model suggest that the semiannual zonal wind stress over the central equatorial Indian Ocean generates large semiannual variability in zonal current through a basin-mode resonance.

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YuLong, CHENG, XU YongHang, LI DongYi, CHEN Jian, LI YunHai, LIN FanYu, and YIN XiJie. "Enrichment mechanism of critical metals and records of paleoenvironment in a polymetallic nodule from the Somali Basin." Acta Petrologica Sinica 39, no. 9 (2023): 2778–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18654/1000-0569/2023.09.14.

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Sauter, Daniel, Jean Claude Ringenbach, Mathilde Cannat, Thomas Maurin, Gianreto Manatschal, and Ken G. McDermott. "Intraplate Deformation of Oceanic Crust in the West Somali Basin: Insights From Long-offset Reflection Seismic Data." Tectonics 37, no. 2 (February 2018): 588–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017tc004700.

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Caulet, J. P. "Reconstruction of Palaeoceanographic Changes in the Somali Basin During the Last 460 Ka: Geochemical Proxies Versus Biogenic Markers." Mineralogical Magazine 62A, no. 1 (1998): 286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1998.62a.1.151.

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Leroux, E., J. W. Counts, S. J. Jorry, G. Jouet, S. Révillon, M. K. BouDagher-Fadel, S. Courgeon, et al. "Evolution of the Glorieuses seamount in the SW Indian Ocean and surrounding deep Somali Basin since the Cretaceous." Marine Geology 427 (September 2020): 106202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106202.

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Zonneveld, Karin A. F., and GeertJan A. Brummer. "(Palaeo-)ecological significance, transport and preservation of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in the Somali Basin, NW Arabian Sea." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 47, no. 9-11 (January 2000): 2229–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0645(00)00023-0.

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47

Vénec-Peyré, Marie-Thérèse, Jean Pierre Caulet, and Colette Vergnaud Grazzini. "Glacial/interglacial changes in the equatorial part of the Somali Basin (NW Indian Ocean) during the last 355 kyr." Paleoceanography 12, no. 5 (October 1997): 640–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97pa01954.

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Phethean, Jordan J. J., Lara M. Kalnins, Jeroen van Hunen, Paolo G. Biffi, Richard J. Davies, and Ken J. W. McCaffrey. "Madagascar's escape from Africa: A high-resolution plate reconstruction for the Western Somali Basin and implications for supercontinent dispersal." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 17, no. 12 (December 2016): 5036–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016gc006624.

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49

Hussien, Jibril, Kinfe Kassa, and Beshah Mogesse. "Water Purification with Direct Solar Desalination for Arid Areas in Ethiopia." Ethiopian Journal of Water Science and Technology 1 (May 9, 2018): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.59122/1356893.

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The use of solar energy in thermal desalination processes is one of the most promising applications of in water purification. Solar desalination can either be direct; use solar energy to produce distillate directly in the solar collector, or indirect; combining conventional desalination techniques, such as vapor compression (VC) and multistage flash desalination (MSF), with solar collectors for heat generation. This paper describes a pilot study of direct desalination technology. The pilot experiment of desalination system was made up of a single basin (1.5m x 1.8m basin area) and two sided roof with 15 degree to the horizontal and sealed roof of 4 mm thick glasses. The glass cover roof was positioned from East to West orientation and obstruction free area to increase the efficiency of available sunlight utilization. Water quality parameters of the water and treated water were tested at Arba Minch University Water quality Laboratory. The study revealed that, the average yield of the distillate water was 2.6 L/m2/ day, where the average efficiency of the system was 29.5 %.Regression analysis showed that climatic variables such as temperature, wind speed and solar intensity were observed to affect the treatment efficiency of the production of distilled water in this pilot study. Accordingly, the experiment output transposed to Dollo Ado, Somali Regional state and the solar still was predicted to produce 3.4 - 5 L/m2 /day with climate condition of the area. Although the system requires large area with relatively low production, it is still suitable for use in remote and arid with high temperature.

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Brown, J., C. A. Clayson, L. Kantha, and T. Rojsiraphisal. "North Indian Ocean variability during the Indian Ocean dipole." Ocean Science Discussions 5, no. 2 (June 9, 2008): 213–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-5-213-2008.

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Abstract. The circulation in the North Indian Ocean (NIO henceforth) is highly seasonally variable. Periodically reversing monsoon winds (southwesterly during summer and northeasterly during winter) give rise to seasonally reversing current systems off the coast of Somalia and India. In addition to this annual monsoon cycle, the NIO circulation varies semiannually because of equatorial currents reversing four times each year. These descriptions are typical, but how does the NIO circulation behave during anomalous years, during an Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) for instance? Unfortunately, in situ observational data are rather sparse and reliance has to be placed on numerical models to understand this variability. In this paper, we estimate the surface current variability from a 12-year hindcast of the NIO for 1993–2004 using a 1/2° resolution circulation model that assimilates both altimetric sea surface height anomalies and sea surface temperature. Presented in this paper is an examination of surface currents in the NIO basin during the IOD. During the non-IOD period of 2000–2004, the typical equatorial circulation of the NIO reverses four times each year and transports water across the basin preventing a large sea surface temperature difference between the western and eastern NIO. Conversely, IOD years are noted for strong easterly and westerly wind outbursts along the equator. The impact of these outbursts on the NIO circulation is to reverse the direction of the currents – when compared to non-IOD years – during the summer for negative IOD events (1996 and 1998) and during the fall for positive IOD events (1994 and 1997). This reversal of current direction leads to large temperature differences between the western and eastern NIO.

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