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1
Pacheco, D., E. D. Mercerat, F. Courboulex, L. F. Bonilla, A. Laurendeau, and A. Alvarado. "Profiling the Quito basin (Ecuador) using seismic ambient noise." Geophysical Journal International 228, no. 2 (October 11, 2021): 1419–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab408.
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SUMMARY Quito, the capital of Ecuador, with more than 2.5 M inhabitants, is exposed to a high seismic hazard due to its proximity to the Pacific subduction zone and active crustal faults, both capable of generating significant earthquakes. Furthermore, the city is located in an intermontane piggy-back basin prone to seismic wave amplification. To understand the basin’s seismic response and characterize its geological structure, 20 broad and medium frequency band seismic stations were deployed in Quito’s urban area between May 2016 and July 2018 that continuously recorded ambient seismic noise. We first compute horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios to determine the resonant frequency distribution in the entire basin. Secondly, we cross-correlate seismic stations operating simultaneously to retrieve interstations surface-wave Green’s functions in the frequency range of 0.1–2 Hz. We find that Love waves travelling in the basin’s longitudinal direction (NNE–SSW) show much clearer correlograms than those from Rayleigh waves. We then compute Love wave phase-velocity dispersion curves and invert them in conjunction with the HVSR curves to obtain shear-wave velocity profiles throughout the city. The inversions highlight a clear difference in the basin’s structure between its northern and southern parts. In the centre and northern areas, the estimated basin depth and mean shear-wave velocity are about 200 m and 1800 ms−1, respectively, showing resonance frequency values between 0.6 and 0.7 Hz. On the contrary, the basement’s depth and shear-wave velocity in the southern part are about 900 m and 2500 ms−1, having a low resonance frequency value of around 0.3 Hz. This difference in structure between the centre-north and the south of the basin explains the spatial distribution of low-frequency seismic amplifications observed during the Mw 7.8 Pedernales earthquake in April 2016 in Quito.
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Gierhake, Klaus, and Arturo Curiel. "Creative Cities in the Pacific Basin of Latin American - North Latitude 0-20° (Quito-Guadalajara)." México y la Cuenca del Pacífico 6, no. 16 (January 1, 2017): 51–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v6i16.521.
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Filipescu, Sorin, and Angela Miclea. "Elphidium tongaense (Cushman 1931), a quite old Recent foraminifer." Micropaleontology 67, no. 4 (2021): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47894/mpal.67.4.05.
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The late middleMiocene microfossil assemblages from the easternmost Pannonian Basin in Romania preserve numerous evolute and deformed specimens of Elphidium, which are assigned to the Recent species E. tongaense (Cushman 1931) originally described from the Pacific. Ourmaterial suggests that the origin of the species is back in the middle Miocene, when amarine connection between the Paratethys and the Indo-Pacific regions probably existed.
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Laurendeau, Aurore, Françoise Courboulex, Luis Fabian Bonilla, Alexandra Alvarado, Victor Alfonso Naya, Philippe Guéguen, E. Diego Mercerat, et al. "Low‐Frequency Seismic Amplification in the Quito Basin (Ecuador) Revealed by Accelerometric Recordings of the RENAC Network." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 107, no. 6 (October 24, 2017): 2917–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120170134.
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Courboulex, Francoise, David Alejandro Castro-Cruz, Aurore Laurendeau, Luis Fabian Bonilla, Alexandra Alvarado, and Etienne Bertrand. "Ground motion simulations in Quito (Ecuador) due to major earthquakes from the subduction zone." Geophysical Journal International 229, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 2192–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac044.
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SUMMARY In 1906, an earthquake with a magnitude estimated between Mw 8.4 and 8.8 occurred in the subduction zone along the coast of Ecuador and Colombia. This earthquake caused extensive damage on the coast but had a rather small impact on the capital city of Quito, situated 180 km away. At that time, the city of Quito extended over a small area with a few thousand inhabitants, while today it stretches over 40 km and has a population of over 3 million, with most of the city built without paraseismic regulations. The aim of this study is to obtain new insights on the impact that large earthquakes from the subduction zone would have on the city today. This question is crucial since we know that the city of Quito is prone to site effects and that the southern part of the city amplifies seismic waves at low frequencies, around 0.3–0.4 Hz. In April 2016, an Mw 7.8 earthquake occurred on the subduction interface in the Pedernales area. This event was the first large earthquake in the city of Quito to be well recorded by 13 stations of the permanent accelerometric network (RENAC). In this study, we take advantage of this data set (main shock and large aftershock recordings) to (1) test an empirical Green's function blind simulation approach where the input stress drop is taken from a global catalogue of source time functions, (2) compare the synthetic accelerograms and ground motion values we obtain for an Mw 7.8 earthquake with the actual recordings of the Pedernales earthquake and then (3) simulate larger earthquakes of Mw 8.2 and 8.5 from the subduction zone. For Mw 7.8 simulations, our approach allows a good reproduction of the ground motions in the whole frequency bands and properly takes into account site effects. For Mw 8.2 and 8.5 simulations, we obtain for the stations in the southern part of the basin, larger values at low frequencies than the predicted motion given by ground motion models. These values, although high, should be supported by new or recent buildings if they are constructed respecting the building code that applies in Quito. Therefore, for this type of strong but distant earthquake, the seismic standards appear to be well suited and it is imperative to ensure that they are well considered in the design of the new buildings to be constructed, especially in the southern part of the expanding city.
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Quiroga, Carlos Raul, Adriana Vallania, and Beatriz Elena Rosso de Ferradás. "Structure and distribution of Hydrachnidia (Parasitengona-Acari) in the sub-basin of the Grande River (Superior Basin of Quinto River. San Luis-Argentina)." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 22, no. 3 (2010): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/actalb.02203005.
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Yoshida, M., S. R. Pant, P. C. Adhikary, V. Dangol, and S. Shrestha. "Geophysical study of land subsidence: example from Pokhara basin." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 34 (October 9, 2006): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v34i0.31888.
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Land subsidence is a serious problem in the Pokhara city and surrounding wide areas consisting of recent debris flow deposits. Owing to their calcareous matrix the debris flow deposits are more-or-less well cemented, even though their age ranges just from 12,000 to 700 years BP. There are numerous caves and caverns in these deposits. To investigate the danger of subsidence, ground penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography were employed to detect and map the caves and caverns. The results are quite encouraging and the above methods are found to be quite effective in formulating the control measures to the land subsidence hazard.
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Fesiuk, Vasyl, and Andrij Slusarchuk. "GEOECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE RIVER OKONKA BASIN AND ITS OPTIMIZATION." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 51, no. 2 (December 5, 2021): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.21.2.19.
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The impact of economic activity on the environment can best be traced in the scale of small river basins. One of such rivers is the Okonka River, which flows through the territory of the former Manevychi (Kamin-Kashyrskyi according to the new administrative-territorial structure) district. Among the environmental problems of the basin, the most acute are: surface water pollution due to runoff from agricultural fields, livestock farms, unauthorized landfills, etc. Improving the geo-ecological condition of the Okonka River basin on the basis of ecologically safe sustainable development is an urgent problem of the territory's development. The Okonka River Basin is one of the least explored regions of the Volyn Region. Materials from the Regional Office of Water Resources in Volyn Oblast, the Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Volyn Oblast State Administration, own expeditionary research, cartographic materials, electronic maps (Google Map, OpenStreetMap) and satellite images were used to prepare the publication. Also, more than 20 literature sources and electronic resources, laws and regulations of Ukraine in the field of rational use and protection of water resources were developed. The following methods were used during the research: collection and processing of archival, literary, graphic, cartographic and tabular material, regime quantitative and qualitative observations of river characteristics; field research of channel processes; mathematical and engineering calculations, mathematical modeling, analysis of anthropogenic impact on water resources of the studied region, constructive-geographical method and method of expert assessments. The natural conditions of the basin contribute to the settlement and development of the economy. Particularly favorable are the terrain, climate, inland waters. Within the basin there are 7 objects and territories of the nature reserve fund. The impact of anthropogenic activity on the river basin is quite significant. This is due to intensive agricultural and residential use, the development of drainage reclamation. The level of radiation pollution is assessed as "satisfactory", the use of land resources - "close to normal. The water quality of the Okonka River in the upper line (leak) is assessed by the second class of the third category (water is quite good in quality, quite clean in purity). The environmental index is 2.92. Environmental protection measures are proposed to improve the geoecological condition of the river basin. The complex of environmental protection measures should include: development of a local eco-network; creation of new and expansion of the network of existing nature reserves; improvement of the situation with waste management, elimination of spontaneous dumps; monitoring of soils to protect them from degradation and pollution; monitoring of surface waters in order to protect them from depletion and pollution; an inventory of drainage systems in order to establish the feasibility of further use in agricultural separate areas, the allocation of parts of the drainage systems that can be renaturalized in the future; prevention of peat and forest fires.
Key words: river, river basin, geological condition of the river basin, geographical features of the basin, ecological assessment of river water quality, measures to improve the geoecological condition of the basin.
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Steenland, N. "On: “Exploration of a Lignite‐Bearing Basin in Northern Ireland Using Ground and Magnetic VLF-EM Methods,” R. J. McCaffrey, John McElroy, and Graham Leslie (March‐April 1995 GEOPHYSICS, p. 408–412)." GEOPHYSICS 61, no. 3 (May 1996): 915–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444017.
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This paper presents an analysis of ground magnetic and VLF-EM data over a basin of several hundred acres which is an appendage to the larger Lough Neagh autogeosynclinal basin in northeastern Ireland. There is little to do with lignite and the VLM-EM of the title. There is quite a bit to do with the magnetic sector which is, however, not analyzed by time‐proven methods of depth determination but rather by running a synthetic, one dimensional first derivative over the traverses given the name MAGGRO.
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Jiawen, Ren, Qin Dahe, and Ian Allison. "Variations of snow accumulation and temperature over past decades in the Lambert Glacier basin, Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 29 (1999): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756499781821058.
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AbstractThe Lambert Glacier basin is a region of the East Antarctic ice sheet with a distinctive topography. Accumulation data derived from cane measurements are available from recent inland traverses in the western part of the basin, together with data on stable isotopes and visible stratigraphy of shallow cores and snow pits. These data suggest that snow accumulation has decreased since the 1930s by 16-37%, but that since the late 1980s it has been increasing. Temperature records from the nearby coastal station, Mawson, show no clear trend. Although the data are from only the western part of the basin, these results are quite different from those in many other regions of Antarctica. Further investigations are needed in this potentially exceptional region.
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Cetra, Mauricio, Walter Barrella, Francisco Langeani Neto, Abílio G. Martins, Bruno J. Mello, and Rodrigo S. Almeida. "Fish fauna of headwater streams that cross the Atlantic Forest of south São Paulo state." Check List 8, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.3.421.
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The fishes of the present study were collected in the headwater streams of the Sorocaba, Paranapanema and Ribeira de Iguape river basins during the dry period in 2010. A total of 2892 fishes, grouped in 53 species, were captured. The composition of the ichthyofauna captured in the streams of Sorocaba and Paranapanema river basin was greatly similar. On the other hand, the fish fauna of the streams of Ribeira de Iguape river basin were quite different from the ones captured in the others basins, with the occurrence of endangered species (Isbrueckerichthys epakmos and I. duseni) and exotic species (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). The previous list of fish for the Sorocaba river basin increased with the addition of seven species of Characiformes, one Gymnotiformes and four Siluriformes.
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Gonda, István. "Drought-induced Losses in Fruit Orchards." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 1 (May 12, 2002): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/3534.
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Scientists investigating the causes of the extremities of climate that have become quite frequent in the Carpathian Basin over the past few years are quite often in doubts as to whether increased atmospheric warming and the shortage of rainfall are to be seen as recurrent natural phenomena under our climate, or the first signs of global warming. Climate anomalies have, to a certain extent, always been common in the Carpathian Basin. However, statistical data of the past few decades indicate that the rise in temperature and the fall in precipitation have, by now, become a tendency, which requires further in-depth scientific research.The series of articles to be published in continuation of this paper endeavors to synthesize the research results and many years of experiences, in order to give an analysis ofI. The economic effects and the symptoms of drought in tree culturesII. The possibilities of reducing the adverse affects of drought
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Whittington, Dale. "Visions of Nile basin development." Water Policy 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2004.0001.
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This paper describes five alternative visions for cooperative Nile development in the hope that they will assist the Nile riparian countries in their search for both a consensus vision and sound development projects. These five alternate visions [(1) Century Storage Plus, (2) Water for Peace, (3) Southern Lights, (4) The Green Nile, and (5) Economic Partners on the Nile] are intentionally stylized to make them easy to understand and remember. There is a common thread tying all five of these alternative visions together: the desire of all riparian countries for peace and economic development. Each of the five visions describes a peaceful future in which its proponents believe economic prosperity will flourish. One of the advantages of thinking explicitly about these alternative visions is that comparisons can reveal surprising compromises - or coalitions - that may become possible between Nile riparian countries even though some members of the political leadership in the riparian countries may still hold quite different ideas about the way to achieve cooperative development.
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Tomassetti, B., F. Giorgi, M. Verdecchia, and G. Visconti. "Regional model simulation of the hydrometeorological effects of the Fucino Lake on the surrounding region." Annales Geophysicae 21, no. 11 (November 30, 2003): 2219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-2219-2003.
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Abstract. The drainage of the Fucino Lake of central Italy was completed in 1873, and this possibly caused significant climatic changes over the Fucino basin. In this paper we discuss a set of short-term triple-nested regional model simulations of the meteorological effects of the Fucino Lake on the surrounding region. We find that the model simulates realistic lake-breeze circulations and their response to background winds. The simulations indicate that the lake affects the temperature of the surrounding basin in all seasons and precipitation in the cold season, when cyclonic perturbations move across the region. Some effects of the lake also extend over areas quite far from the Fucino basin. Our results support the hypothesis that the drainage of the lake might have significantly affected the climate of the lake basin. However, longer simulations and further development in some aspects of the model are needed, in order to provide a more statistically robust evaluation of the simulated lake-effects.Key words. Hydrology (anthropogenic effects) – Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (climatology; mesoscale meteorology)
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Soper, N. J., and A. K. Higgins. "Thin-skinned structures at the basin-shelf transition in North Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 126 (December 31, 1985): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v126.7914.
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Description is given of the structural pattern in the southern part of the North Greenland fold belt between northern Nyeboe Land and Adolf Jensen Fjord. The structures prove to be of thin-skinned fold-and-thrust type with southeriy vergence, quite distinct from that of the north-verging, multiply deforrned orthotectonic zone to the north.
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Jiang, Su Hua, Hai Ting Zhou, and Chuan Hui Song. "The Method Based on Structural Evolution for Recovering Erosion Thickness." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 2261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.2261.
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A new way to recover the erosion thickness of polycycle basin accurately is introduced in this article，taking Kongdian formation of Jiyang depression in Bohai Bay Basin as an example. The Ek during paleogene period was denuded differently. As is lack of well data in deep zone，it is quite difficult to identify the stratas only by using seismic data. And the erosion thickness of Ek can not be recovered precisely by common methods. So a method based on structural evolution for recovering erosion thickness has been proposed. Divide areas of erosion by using structural evolution sections. Then based on part well data in main erosion area，the erosion amounts of local layers are calculated by means of the sedimentary rate，wave analysis and stratigraphic contrast methods. The result shows that：this method is more accurate than others，which can be used to recover the erosion thickness of the polycycle basin.
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Renac, C., T. K. Kyser, K. Durocher, G. Dreaver, and T. O'Connor. "Comparison of diagenetic fluids in the Proterozoic Thelon and Athabasca Basins, Canada: implications for protracted fluid histories in stable intracratonic basins." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e01-077.
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The Paleoproterozoic Thelon Basin, located on the border between Nunavut and the Northwest Territories of Canada, is a contemporaneous analog of the uranium-rich Paleoproterozoic Athabasca Basin in Canada. Early diagenesis resulted in precipitation of extensive hematite on the surfaces of detrital quartz grains throughout the Thelon Formation and minor hydroxy-phosphate in veins locally. Continued diagenesis then resulted in syntaxial quartz cementation of detrital quartz at 130°C from fluids having ca. 17 wt.% equivalent NaCl, similar to the Athabasca Basin. Cementation of this type is most pronounced in fine-grained sequences in the Thelon Basin. A period of extensive desilicification during continued burial was followed by formation, at ca. 200°C, of peak-diagenetic illite having ArAr ages of ca. 14001690 Ma in the Thelon Formation. This illite was associated with fluids with δ18O and δD values of ca. 6 and 50, respectively, similar to those during peak diagenesis of the Athabasca Basin. Although the timing, salinity, and isotopic composition of the peak-diagenetic fluids in the Thelon and Athabasca Basins are similar, the peak-diagenetic mineral assemblage in the Athabasca Formation is dickite and illite, with minor dravite and goyasite rather than simply illite. Consequently, the fluids at peak diagenesis, which in the Athabasca Basin are synchronous with formation of world-class unconformity-type uranium deposits, had different compositions in each basin. Post-peak diagenesis in the Thelon Basin was quite distinct from that in the Athabasca Basin in that illite was replaced in the central portion of the basin by K-feldspar and then sudoite, which crystallized from saline brines at ca. 1000 Ma and 100°C. Evidence for later infiltration of these brines is absent in the Athabasca Basin, although uranium mobilization at ca. 900 Ma from fluids having the same characteristics as those at peak diagenesis was pronounced in the Athabasca Basin. Recent incursion of meteoric waters along reactivated structures into the Athabasca Basin has variably affected hydrous and uraniferous minerals, but evidence for this is lacking in the Thelon Basin. The Thelon Basin reflects less intensive fluidrock interaction in its early history than that recorded in the basal units of the Athabasca Basin.
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WILLEN, ELKE. "Nyxis rostrocularis, a new genus and species of Paranannopinae Por, 1986 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from the Southern Atlantic deep sea." Zootaxa 2096, no. 1 (May 11, 2009): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2096.1.17.
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The species diversity of Copepoda Harpacticoida at several sampling locations in the Southern Atlantic has been investigated. From the obtained multicorer samples, a new taxon of Paranannopinae Por, 1986, Nyxis rostrocularis gen. nov., sp. nov., has been collected, which is described in the present paper. Specimens of the taxon have been encountered in the Angola Basin (DIVA 1 stations 325 and 346), in the Weddell Sea (ANDEEP station 138) and the Cape Basin (DIVA 1I station 36). Nyxis gen. nov. belongs to the group of paranannopid taxa bearing mouthpart aesthetascs. It can be characterised by several autapomorphies discussed in this paper, but takes up a quite isolated position within the Paranannopinae bearing mouthpart aethetascs.
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Drinia, Hara. "Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Oligocene Afales Basin, Ithaki island, western Greece." Open Geosciences 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10085-009-0001-z.
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AbstractAssemblages of benthic foraminifera from one clastic succession in the Afales Basin (Ithaki Island, western Greece) were investigated to reconstruct palaeoenvironmental conditions during the Oligocene. The section consists of alternating hemipelagic marls and detrital deposits, designated as flysch-like beds, attributed to biostratigraphic Zones P20 and P21. Planktic percentages are mostly high (66–80%). Benthic foraminiferal assemblages comprise calcareous and agglutinated taxa (up to 15%). The prevalence of epifaunal foraminifera indicates good ventilation of the bottom water resulting from basin morphology, which enabled the undisturbed flow of water throughout the basin. Palaeodepth estimates imply bathyal deposition, from about 800 to 1200 m deep. The benthic foraminiferal fauna is of high diversity along the section, as is expected in deep marine environments. The abundances of the most common foraminiferal taxa (Cibicidoides spp., Oridorsalis umbonatus, Gyroidinoides spp., Stilostomella spp., Nodosariidae, Nuttallides umbonifera) are quite variable and imply generally oligotrophic to mesotrophic environmental conditions with variable organic flux.
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Sato, Toshiaki, Robert W. Graves, and Paul G. Somerville. "Three-dimensional finite-difference simulations of long-period strong motions in the Tokyo metropolitan area during the 1990 Odawara earthquake (MJ 5.1) and the great 1923 Kanto earthquake (MS 8.2) in Japan." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 89, no. 3 (June 1, 1999): 579–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0890030579.
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Abstract Utilizing a crustal velocity model that includes the complexity of the irregular subsurface structure of the Kanto basin, we have performed three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference (FD) simulations of near-source long-period strong ground motions in the Tokyo metropolitan area for the 1990 Odawara (MJ 5.1) and the 1923 Kanto (MS 8.2) earthquakes. Constraints on the development of the 3D velocity model come from available geological and geophysical data, as well as our previous 1D waveform modeling results (Sato et al., 1998a). The simulation of the moderate-sized Odawara earthquake demonstrates that the 3D velocity model works quite well at reproducing the recorded long-period (T > 3.33 sec) strong motions, including basin-generated surface waves, for a number of sites located throughout the Kanto basin region. Using this validated 3D model along with the variable-slip rupture model of Wald and Somerville (1995), we then simulate the long-period (T > 4 sec) ground motions in this region for the 1923 Kanto earthquake. The simulation results for the 1923 event show that the largest ground motions occur east of the epicenter along the central and southern part of the Boso Peninsula. These large motions arise from strong rupture directivity effects and are comprised of relatively simple, source-controlled pulses with a dominant period of about 10 sec. North of the epicentral region, in the Tokyo area, 3D basin-generated phases are quite significant, and these phases produce large-amplitude late-arriving pulses in the ground motions. At station Hongo (HNG), which is the only site having digitized and restored near-fault strong-motion records for this event, our 3D simulations compare quite well with the ground motions of the restored Imamura seismogram. For the restored Ewing record, our 3D simulations reproduce the phase and amplitude of the initial pulses of motion; however, the dominant period of the large-amplitude later phases is noticeably shorter in the simulations (about 5 to 6 sec) than in the observation (13 sec). These results suggest that the restored Imamura seismogram may be a better representation of the gross features of the actual motion than the restored Ewing seismogram, although the first (clipped and restored) part of the Imamura seismogram may still underestimate the strength of the actual motion.
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Cheng, Hai Yan, Yin Sheng Ma, Cheng Ming Yin, and Yuan Yuan Yang. "Upper Carboniferous Shale Gas Potential Analysis in Eastern Qaidam Basin, Northwestern China." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1425.
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Shale of rich organic matter presents in Upper Carboniferous in Qaidam Basin, Northwest of China. Carboniferous shale thickness is between 100 ~ 300m in the Qaidam Basin, the shale includes silty mudstone shale, calcareous mudstone, shale and carbonaceous shale, and it is very favorable lithology type for shale gas. According to the shale organic geochemical analysis, the abundance of organic matter reaching the middle - good degree of hydrocarbon source rocks; the type of organic matter is mainly II2 and III type. The maturity of organic matter is mainly between 1 % -1.3 %. The Upper Carboniferous shale thermal evolution is in mature oil and gas stage. The Upper Carboniferous hydrocarbon-rich shale distribute stability, with great thickness. Shale gas potential in Upper Carboniferous is quite large.
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Connors, Karen, Cedric Jorand, Peter Haines, Yijie Zhan, and Lynn Pryer. "Uncovering the Canning Basin: a new comprehensive SEEBASE® model." APPEA Journal 58, no. 2 (2018): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17073.
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A new regional scale SEEBASE® model has been produced for the intracratonic Canning Basin, located in the north of Western Australia. The 2017 Canning Basin SEEBASE model is more than an order of magnitude higher resolution than the 2005 OZ SEEBASE version — the average resolution is ~1 : 1 M scale with higher resolution in areas of shallow basement with 2D seismic coverage — such as the Broome Platform and Barbwire Terrace. Post-2005 acquisition of potential field, seismic and well data in the Canning Basin by the Geological Survey of Western Australia (GSWA), Geoscience Australia and industry provided an excellent opportunity to upgrade the SEEBASE depth-to-basement model in 2017. The SEEBASE methodology focuses on a regional understanding of basement, using potential field data to interpret basement terranes, depth-to-basement (SEEBASE), regional structural geology and basement composition. The project involved extensive potential field processing and enhancement and compilation of a wide range of datasets. Integrated interpretation of the potential field data with seismic and well analysis has proven quite powerful and illustrates the strong basement control on the extent and location of basin elements. The project has reassessed the structural evolution of the basin, identified and mapped major structures and produced fault-event maps for key tectonic events. In addition, interpretative maps of basement terranes, depth-to-Moho, basement thickness, basement composition and total sediment thickness have been used to calculate a basin-wide map of basement-derived heat flow. The 2017 Canning Basin SEEBASE is the first public update of the widely used 2005 OZ SEEBASE. All the data and interpretations are available from the GSWA as a report and integrated ArcGIS project, which together provide an excellent summary of the key features within the Canning Basin that will aid hydrocarbon and mineral explorers in the region.
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Kessler, Jenő Eugen. "Evolution of Galliformes and their presence in the Carpathian Basin." Ornis Hungarica 27, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 142–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2019-0021.
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Abstract Due to the number of specimen, their size and weaker flight capabilities they are one of the favorite preys of furred and feathered carnivores. Due to this factor quite a number of skeletal fragments remained and fossilized over millions of years, especially in caves. Their presence in Europe can be traced back to the Eocene, but the majority of finds come from the Neogene and the Quaternary. In the Carpathian Basin they are known since the beginning of the Neogene. The text is complemented with the bibliography concerning the fossilized material, one figure and six table.
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Cailleau, S., J. Chanut, J. M. Lellouche, B. Levier, C. Maraldi, G. Reffray, and M. G. Sotillo. "Towards a regional ocean forecasting system for the IBI (Iberia-Biscay-Ireland area): developments and improvements within the ECOOP project framework." Ocean Science 8, no. 2 (March 8, 2012): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-8-143-2012.
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Abstract. The regional ocean operational system remains a key element in downscaling from large scale (global or basin scale) systems to coastal ones. It enables the transition between systems in which the resolution and the resolved physics are quite different. Indeed, coastal applications need a system to predict local high frequency events (inferior to the day) such as storm surges, while deep sea applications need a system to predict large scale lower frequency ocean features. In the framework of the ECOOP project, a regional system for the Iberia-Biscay-Ireland area has been upgraded from an existing V0 version to a V2. This paper focuses on the improvements from the V1 system, for which the physics are close to a large scale basin system, to the V2 for which the physics are more adapted to shelf and coastal issues. Strong developments such as higher regional physics resolution in the NEMO Ocean General Circulation Model for tides, non linear free surface and adapted vertical mixing schemes among others have been implemented in the V2 version. Thus, regional thermal fronts due to tidal mixing now appear in the latest version solution and are quite well positioned. Moreover, simulation of the stratification in shelf areas is also improved in the V2.
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Karimova, S. "OBSERVING SURFACE CIRCULATION OF THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN BASIN WITH SATELLITE IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W2 (November 16, 2017): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w2-97-2017.
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In this article, the benefits of using satellite imagery of different types (namely thermal infrared, visible-range, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images) for observing surface circulation of marine basins are being discussed. As a region of interest, we use the Western Mediterranean Basin. At first, the areas with sharpest thermal and chlorophyll-a gradients within the region of interest were defined on a seasonal base using the data provided by Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). After that, mesoscale eddies were detected using different sea surface temperature (SST) products and, finally, submesoscale vortices were observed with Envisat Advanced SAR imagery. Thus found locations of eddies were compared with locations of the sharpest fronts discovered in the first part of the study, which showed that the biggest, mostly anticyclonic, eddies tended to correspond to locations of main surface currents; smaller cyclonic eddies were mostly attributed to thermal fronts, while submesoscale eddies were distributed quite homogeneous. The observations performed in that way revealed quite prominent basin-, meso- and submesoscale eddy activity in the region of interest. Additionally, significant seasonal variability in the type of surface water stirring was noted. Thus, the maximum of both meso- and submesoscale eddy activity seems to happen during the warm season, while during winter, presumably due to low Richardson numbers typical for the upper water layer, the turbulent features are still undeveloped and of the smaller spatial scale than during the warm period of year.
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Bouchelkia, H., F. Belarbi, and B. Remini. "Estimated flows of suspended solids by the statistical analysis of outfall drainage basin of Tafna (Algeria)." Soil and Water Research 8, No. 2 (May 15, 2013): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/12/2012-swr.
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The solids transport is a complex phenomenon; the intensity of these phenomena varies greatly with the general environment: geology, degree of rock alteration, hydrology, vegetation, climate, etc. The extent of the phenomenon is out of proportion in semi-arid areas or areas with temperate climates. So Algeria is one of the countries most affected by this phenomenon and its consequences. To enable a rapid response to demands from engineers for the quantification of bed load transport at the outlet of a catchment area, a simple tool easy to implement has been developed. The principle adopted is based on hydrometric data from gauging stations, and seasonal and annual analyses have defined an appropriate method for estimating the sediment yield. The study was conducted by analysis of average flows. The Pierre de Chat Station at the outlet of the Tafna watershed was used for application. The results obtained were quite satisfactory because the correlation coefficients of the model: Q<sub>S</sub> = f (Q) are between 87 and 96%. This method once refined can be generalized to all the watersheds of northern Algeria.
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Carbonaro, Fábio Augusto, Jeanninny Carla Comniskey, Heloísa Stok Corral, and Renato Pirani Ghilardi. "Orbiculoidea baini and Orbiculoidea excentrica (Brachiopoda, Discinidae) from the Middle Devonian (Alto Garças Sub-basin, Paraná Basin) of Caiapônia, Goiás (Brazil)." Geologia USP. Série Científica 18, no. 4 (December 6, 2018): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v18-137847.
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The Devonian brachiopods from Goiás (Alto Garças Sub-basin, Paraná Basin) present records in the cities of Caiapônia, Amorinópolis, and Doverlândia. However, most of the papers only mention the presence of these fossils in these areas, without any taxonomic description. Thus, our aim was to describe the discinoids Orbiculoidea baini, Orbiculoidea excentrica, and Orbiculoidea sp. found in Caiapônia city. These discinoids were preserved in assemblage, instigating a simplified taphonomic approach. The fossils were found parallel to bedding planes in a poorly package assemblage. Most of them are entire and unarticulated. Although in smaller numbers, several fragmented individuals were also found (some quite fragmented). Therefore, the material was transported configuring a parautochthonous to allochthonous taphocenosis. Another interesting aspect is the decreased size of the brachiopods, which were preserved in sandstone lens on the top of a siltstone layer that overlap black shales of the Early Givetian age. These features can be related to the Lilliput Effect, due to the preserved discinoids present both in adult and juvenile forms. The Lilliput Effect resulted from a biotic crisis (KAČÁK Event) that occurred in the Eifelian-Givetian. This is the first piece of evidence of this effect in the Devonian of Goiás (Alto Garças Sub-basin, Paraná Basin).
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Molle, François, and Chu Thai Hoanh. "Implementing integrated river basin management in the Red River Basin, Vietnam: a solution looking for a problem?" Water Policy 13, no. 4 (April 23, 2011): 518–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2011.012.
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Several water policy principles considered to be modern and internationally sanctioned have recently been adopted by Vietnam. This article focuses on the establishment of the Red River Basin Organization but expands its analysis to the wider transformations of the water sector that impinge on the formation and effectiveness of this organization. It shows that the promotion of integrated water resource management icons such as river basin organizations (RBOs) by donors has been quite disconnected from existing institutional frameworks. If policy reforms promoted by donors and development banks have triggered changes, these changes may have come not as a result of the reforms themselves but, rather, due to the institutional confusion they have created when confronted with the emergence of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE). For the MoNRE, the river basin scale became crucial for grounding its legitimacy and asserting its role among the established layers of the administration, while for the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, RBOs became a focal point where power over financial resources and political power might potentially be relocated at its expense. Institutional change is shown to result from the interaction between endogenous processes and external pressures, in ways that are hard to predict.
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Sattar, Erum, Jason Robison, and Daniel McCool. "Evolution of Water Institutions in the Indus River Basin: Reflections from the Law of the Colorado River." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 51.4 (2018): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.51.4.evolution.
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Transboundary water institutions in the Indus River Basin can be fairly characterized as broken in key respects. International relations between India and Pakistan over the Indus Waters Treaty, as well as interprovincial relations within Pakistan over the 1991 Water Accord, speak to this sentiment. Stemming from research undertaken by the authors for the Harvard Water Federalism Project and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), this Article seeks to spur the evolution of the Indus River Basin’s water institutions by offering a comparative perspective from North America’s most “institutionally encompassed” basin, the Colorado River Basin. Mindful of the importance of context for comparative water law and policy scholarship, the Article begins with overviews of the Colorado and Indus basins. In turn, the Article considers in greater detail major water-related challenges facing the latter basin, including climate change and overallocation. Against this backdrop, the Article ultimately turns to analysis and prescription. Examining a host of topics involving transboundary water allocation, conservation, and governance, the Article considers key institutions associated with these topics in the Colorado River Basin and reflects on how, if at all, they may serve as reference points for institutional evolution in the Indus Basin. Many of the proposals in the Article are expensive. But compared to military operations, they are quite modest in terms of expense and minimize the risk of loss of life and destruction of property. Still, the Article prioritizes solutions that maximize individual and local freedom to the greatest extent possible. This means relying upon voluntary market-based transfers that protect the vulnerable, favoring incentives rather than regulations, and creating a reward structure that includes benefits other than water.
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Banerji, J. "Plant fossils from Dubrajpur Formation, Bihar and their significance in stratigraphy." Journal of Palaeosciences 38 (December 31, 1989): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1989.1646.
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The paper deals with the plant fossils of Dubrajpur Formation exposed at Khatangi Hill in the Rajmahal Basin, Bihar. The assemblage is dominated by cycadophytes, though pteridophytes are quite frequent. Conifers are poorly represented. The genera Onychiopsis, Ctenis, Taeniopteris and Pagiophyllum are recovered for the first time. In view of the present finding, the age of the Khatangi sediments is discussed. The dominance of cycadophytes and poor representation of conifers indicates subtropical to tropical climate prevailing at that time.
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Korotaev, G. K., V. L. Dorofeev, S. V. Motyzhev, V. N. Belokopytov, A. Palazov, V. Malciu, A. Zatsepin, et al. "Contribution of the Black Sea observing system to ECOOP." Ocean Science Discussions 8, no. 4 (July 11, 2011): 1695–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-8-1695-2011.
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Abstract. Regular observations in the Black Sea basin started in the past century, and quite good multidisciplinary observing system operated in the 70–80ies based on the ship observations. Modern oceanographic observing system in the basin is built according to the GOOS principles. It includes space remote sensing observations, data of free floating buoys and costal observational network. Integration of the observing system and its real-time operation were started within the framework of the FP5 ARENA project and later were improved during the FP6 ASCABOS project. The coastal observing system which includes time series from the coastal platforms and multidisciplinary surveys of the coastal areas fulfilled by the research vessels was set up during the ECOOP. Paper describes all components of the Black Sea observing system operated during the ECOOP project and its applications in the framework of the project.
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Janjua, Shahmir, Ishtiaq Hassan, Shoaib Muhammad, Saira Ahmed, and Afzal Ahmed. "Water management in Pakistan's Indus Basin: challenges and opportunities." Water Policy 23, no. 6 (October 4, 2021): 1329–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2021.068.
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Abstract The Indus River System is a major source of life in Pakistan. A vast array of Pakistan's agricultural and domestic consumption needs are critically dependent on the Indus River System. The Indus River contributes towards 25% of the country's gross domestic product, providing water for almost 90% of the food production in Pakistan. Linked to the water security issues, Pakistan is potentially at risk of facing a severe food shortage in the near future. The World Bank report of 2020–2021 estimates that the water shortage will increase to 32% by 2025, which will result in a food shortage of almost 70 million tons. Water shortage could also result in confrontation between the provinces as river sharing has always been a source of problem for Pakistan. According to recent estimates, siltation and climate change will reduce the water storage capacity by 2025 to almost 30%. As for the per capita water storage capacity in Pakistan, it is about 150 m3, which is quite meagre in comparison with that in other countries. Irrigated agriculture will soon be adversely affected due to the reduced surface water supplies and the consequent increase in groundwater abstraction. To make matters worse, over the past decades, a great deal of distrust has developed among the provinces of Pakistan regarding the water distribution issue, and the successive federal governments have failed to formulate a cohesive inter-provincial National Water Policy. Along with the shortages and increasing demand for water, administrative corruption also plagues the water sector and is quite common. The beneficiaries of this water reallocation system are not only the rural elite, for example the large and politically influential landlords, but also the small and medium capitalist farmers. If not properly addressed, these complications of decreasing water resources could result in serious political and economic hostility among the provinces. If it wants to harness its potential to increase storage capacity, Pakistan must improve its water-use efficiency and manage its groundwater and surface water resources in a sustainable way. Strengthening the institutions and removing mistrust among the provinces are the key elements for maintaining a sustainable irrigated agriculture in the Indus Basin.
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Xue, Feng, Peng Shi, Simin Qu, Jianjin Wang, and Yanming Zhou. "Evaluating the impact of spatial variability of precipitation on streamflow simulation using a SWAT model." Water Policy 21, no. 1 (December 12, 2018): 178–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.118.
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Abstract The spatial variability of precipitation is often considered to be a major source of uncertainty for hydrological models. The widely used Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is insufficient to calculate a sub-basin's mean areal precipitation (MAP) since it only uses data from the rainfall station nearest to the centroid of each sub-basin. Therefore, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Thiessen Polygons (TP) and Ordinary Kriging (OK) were applied as alternative interpolation methods in this study to calculate sub-basin MAP. The MAP results from the four methods used for the Xixian Basin were quite different in terms of amount and spatial distribution. The SWAT model performance was then assessed at monthly and daily timescales, based on Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), the Coefficient of Determination (R2) as well as Percentage Bias (PBIAS) at the basin outlet. The results under different network densities and spatial distributions of gauge stations indicated that the modified MAP models did not have an advantage over the default Nearest Neighbour (NN) method in simulating monthly streamflow. However, the modified areal precipitation obtained through IDW and TP showed relatively high accuracy in simulating daily flows as the applied rainfall stations changed. The difference in terms of estimated rainfall and streamflow in this study confirmed that evaluation of interpolation methods is necessary before building a SWAT model.
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Jarvis, E. P., and E. C. King. "Seismic investigation of the Larsen Ice Shelf, Antarctica: in search of the Larsen Basin." Antarctic Science 7, no. 2 (June 1995): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102095000241.
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Seismic reflection surveys were carried out over the Larsen Ice Shelf to examine the extent of the observed sedimentary sequences of the Larsen Basin as suggested by aeromagnetic and gravity data. The surveys were carried out with a small team of six, working from Skidoo motor toboggans and Nansen sledges. Charges of up to 8 kg were fired in hot-water drilled holes up to 9 m deep and 6 sec records made by a 48 channel TI DFS V system with a 4 ms sample interval. By towing a 2.4 km cable behind a Skidoo it was possible to obtain 2.4 km of 24 fold data per day. The reflection data were supplemented by shallow refraction surveys using a 12 channel Nimbus seismograph and by a 12 km expanding spread experiment. The refraction data gave velocities of 1305 ± 20 m s−1 for surface snow and 3154 m s−1 for the top 100 m of shelf ice. The 24 km of reflection data showed high seismic velocities with weak shallow reflectors, characteristics which are quite different from the known basin fill on James Ross Island. It is concluded that the surveys were done outside the basin and that the depth to basement estimates made from the aeromagnetic data do not provide a reliable guide to the extent of the basin.
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Pelikán, Petr, and Miloslav Šlezingr. "Methodology for the establishment of physical and geometric properties of a drainage basin." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 6 (2011): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159060265.
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Factors which affect runoff are closely related to properties of the basin from which the water flows and its environment. They have an effect not only on the size of the runoff but also its origination and mainly its temporal distribution. These factors can be divided into two main groups. The first group contains climatic factors, which are besides precipitation meteorological quantities affecting the overall evaporation of water in the drainage basin. These include the actual temporal and spatial progress of a rainfall, the moisture of air, evaporation, air temperature, the velocity and direction of wind, atmospheric pressure, etc. The other group consists of geographic factors of the drainage basin, which describe the environment in which the process of runoff occurs.The presented study focuses on a theoretical analysis of physical and geometric properties of a basin, the practical methods and the possible ways of their determination and possible uses of results. In the past the determination of physical a geometric watershed attributes had been working out on the basis of analogue maps. These methods were very labour-intensive and lengthy. The report deals with new determination methods based on digital data processing – utilization of digital terrain model (DTM). These problems are quite actual because of research of rainfall-runoff process, flood process and soil erosion within watershed.
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Sigaroodi, Shahram Khalighi, and Qiuwen Chen. "Effects and consideration of storm movement in rainfall–runoff modelling at the basin scale." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 12 (December 21, 2016): 5063–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-5063-2016.
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Abstract. A number of studies have emphasized the effects of rainfall movement on runoff simulation; nevertheless, due to the lack of rain gauges inside sub-basins, a method using a hyetograph of the nearest gauges to a sub-basin is usually employed. This study investigated the effects of neglecting rainfall movement on overland simulation results in even a middle-sized basin. Simulations were carried out under two conditions: (1) stationary conditions where the nearest gauge hyetograph was used and rainfall movement was ignored, which is quite common in the case of a lack of data, and (2) moving conditions where a shifted hyetograph based on hyetograph timing recorded in the basin was used. The simulation results were compared with the measured discharge at the outlets. The results revealed that using the shifted hyetograph, which could consider the rainfall movement over sub-basins, decreased the mismatches between the simulated and observed hydrograph. In some of the cases, the shifted hyetograph reduced the relative difference more than 20 %. The study provided a useful method to cope with rainfall movement in runoff modelling of sparsely gauged large watersheds.
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MAWARDIANA, MAWARDIANA, HELMI HASAN BASRI, and TARMIZI TARMIZI. "ANALISIS NERACA AIR LAHAN DI SUB DAS KRUENG JREUE KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR." Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 15, no. 1 (August 1, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/jip.v15i1.1477.
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Krueng Aceh River Basin area (Krueng Jreue Sub-watershed) is a critical watershed, including a priority basin I of 23,218.06 ha. The research was conducted in Krueng Aceh River Basin (DAS), Krueng Jreue Sub-district of Aceh Besar. The study was conducted from December 2015 to February 2016. The research used Descriptive method with field survey and analysis in labotarium. This study aims to analyze the water balance of land in Krueng Jreue Sub-watershed. The methods used in the calculation of the water balance are Thornthwaite & Mather (1957). The results showed that the average water availability in Krueng Jreue Sub-watersheds on the highest land use varieties was found in November and the lowest in July. The rainfall surplus occurred from October to April (7 months) and the deficit occurred from May to September (5 months). In various types of land use, ground water averages are quite available from October to May (8 months), while less available in June until September (4 months). The highest percentage of groundwater was found in the primary forest (47.20%), while the lowest was in the bush (36.36%)
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Kessler, Jenő (E ). "Evolution of Songbirds (Passeriformes) and their Presence in the Neogene and the Quaternary in the Carpathian Basin." Ornis Hungarica 28, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 158–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2020-0024.
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AbstractSongbirds are the largest order of birds with 6456 species, making up more than half of every known bird species. The location and time of their emergence, as well as the method of their spreading, is debated. They are present in the Carpathian Basin from the beginning of the Neogene, with an increasing number of types and species. Due to their diverse ways of life and diets, their presence mirrors the environmental conditions of the given geological periods quite accurately.
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Ragulskis, Minvydas. "Coexisting Attractors and Their Control in an Angular Motion Transfer Mechanism." Journal of Vibration and Control 10, no. 1 (January 2004): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546304031475.
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It is shown that even simple models of angular motion transfer mechanisms possess features characteristic to non-linear dynamical systems: coexistence of periodic attractors, non-synchronous motion modes, chaotic solutions. Some of those features are quite unique. The transition to chaos takes place when the damping of the output element is increased. The basin boundaries of strange attractors are not fractal. The existence of multiple stable attractors enables the design of a new type of control strategy for angular motion transfer mechanisms.
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Vasileva, I. V. "Contents of germanium in coal seams Lviv-Volyn basin and Donbas." Мінеральні ресурси України, no. 3 (October 16, 2019): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31996/mru.2019.3.11-14.
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The main source of germanium sequestration in Ukraine is coal. According to modern requirements, the content of germanium in coal should be more than 10 g/t (air-dry weight), in coking - 3 g/t. Germanium can be obtained from mine water and coal rocks, as well. In Ukraine, germanium carbonate rocks are distributed in the sediments of the Lviv-Volyn and Donetsk basins. The distribution of germanium in the rocks of coal basins is different and rarely obeys laws. All coal layers tested are more or less germanium. Tectonic disturbances had no controlling effect on the accumulation and spread of germanium in the coal basin. The highest content of germanium is found in the central and western parts of the Donetsk coal basin district. The search and reconnaissance work on germanium has been widely disseminated since 1954. The work was carried out at various mineral deposits in order to identify raw materials for the related extraction of germanium. The degree of study and industrial development of these areas are different. The content of germanium in the coal of different layers varies in a wide range. Germanium is used in many industries and demand for it is constantly increasing. The scope of the metal is quite wide; it is used for the manufacture of transistors and circuits, for engineering and electronics. Radar installations use thin germanium films that are pre-applied to the glass substrate. The subsequent withdrawal of germanium is one way to improve the economic performance of the coal industry. Concomitant extraction of germanium from coal, products of its processing and mine waters of Donbass is now quite realistic and can help to increase the profitability of coal enterprises.
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Roy, Gilles. "Une épidémie d’insectes, facteur de déboisement dans le Québec." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 2, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/020090ar.
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Spruce budworm bas invaded the forest of Québec since 1939, especially the pines of the coniferous area. There are jour major infested regions : three are located on the North shore of the St. Lawrence river : in the Gatineau river bassin, in the Laurentians between the Lachute Area and lake St. John, and in the North Shore region behind Baie Comeau Sept-Iles. The fourth region starts behind Rimouski and spreads eastward, covering the whole Gaspé peninsula. In this last the authorities are quite concerned about this plague, which is becoming a serious menace to the forest industries. Various air-spays have been used during the past jour years in order to circumscribe the dammages, and more than 4,000,000 acres have been treated with DDT, first step toward the rehabilitation of the forest.
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Wu, Bo Lin, Liang Hu, Chi Yang Liu, Fei Bian, Hai Tong Wang, An Jun Wei, Kun Hong Zhang, and Mei Fang Dai. "The Genesis and Characteristics of Calcified-Wood Alike Carbonation in Zhiluo Group of Ore-Bearing Strata in Dongsheng Uranium Deposit." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 1795–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.1795.
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Dongsheng deposit at the northeast Ordos Basin is one of the largest sandstone-type uranium deposits in China. Its characteristics are quite different from that of sandstone-type uranium deposit in Turpan Basin and Yili Basin, Xinjiang province. One of the important aspects is that Zhiluo group of ore-bearing stratum in Dongsheng deposit was developed with more discontinuous lenticular carbonation and phenomenon of calcified wood rather than the unique non-plant fossils. This phenomenon of calcified-wood alike carbonation is rarely observed in other uranium deposits in Ordos Basin. The identified rock slice is composed of micritic calcite cemented sandstone and crystalline calcite. The former was formed by sedimentary diagenesis. The latter consists of calcite inclusions, which have been observed in water-based solution and CO2 or CH4-based gas inclusions. The temperature of the most inclusions were in the range of 140~170°C. It indicated that carbonate played an important role as hydrothermal fludis in the process of the formation of calcified wood. The analytic results of sparry calcite carbon and oxygen isotope showed that the most of the carbon sources were provided by the organic matter rather than from the process of diagenesis. Combined with the formation and characteristics of Dongsheng deposit where the area oil and gas dispersion exists, the formation of calcified-wood alike carbonation was the result of geological dispersion of oil and gas, which came from the middle of the basin area in the Paleozoic atmosphere filled by calcite crystals. Understanding the formation mechanism of Zhiluo group of ore-bearing stratum has great significance in prospecting for Dongsheng deposit.
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Ye, Xuchun, Zengxin Zhang, Chong-Yu Xu, and Jia Liu. "Attribution Analysis on Regional Differentiation of Water Resources Variation in the Yangtze River Basin under the Context of Global Warming." Water 12, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 1809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061809.
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Characterized by increasing surface air temperature, global warming has altered the hydrological cycle at global and regional scales. In order to adapt water resources management under the context of global warming, attribution analysis on regional differentiation of water resources in the Yangtze River basin (YRB) was conducted in this study. Meteoro-hydrological variations across the basin were examined for the period 1960–2013, and then a statistic-based method was applied in quantifying the contributions of climate variability and human activities on annual runoff variations in different tributary sub-basins in the YRB. Our observation indicates that both the annual increasing rate and the inter-annual fluctuations of temperature in China and in the YRB were higher than that of the global average since the turn of the century. Climate change analysis indicates that the YRB experienced a hot-wet period during 1994–2002 and a hot-dry period during 2003–2013, since the step change of temperature in 1993. Contributions of climate change and human activities on runoff variations varied spatially in the basin. With reference to the baseline period of 1960–1993, the contribution of climate change played a dominant role in most regions of the basin, especially in those upstream sub-basins. The effect of human activities in the basin was quite complicated, not only its regional differentiation, but also its contribution were opposite during the hot-wet period and the hot-dry period in some sub-basins. The result of this study is helpful in understanding the impacts of climate change and human activities on water resources variation in both temporal and spatial scales.
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Reiter, Marshall. "Heat Flow Data in an Area of the Eastern Southern Basin and Range in Arizona Contribute to an Analysis of Neogene Lithosphere Thinning Greater than 100 Km." Lithosphere 2020, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/2020/8872618.
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Abstract Heat flow data and thermochronologic derived paleotemperature gradient data are examined to calculate heat flow ~25 Ma and, at present, for a southern Basin and Range location north of Tucson, Arizona. An increase in the surface heat flow is estimated from ~25 Ma to the present; changing from ~47 to ~83 mW m-2. Steady-state conduction temperature vs. depth profiles provide estimates of lithosphere thicknesses both for the present and for ~25 Ma. Different heat transfer models for present heat flow predict present LAB depth that agrees with seismic studies. From these temperature profiles, lithosphere thinning from ~184 km to ~70 km is suggested during the Neogene. Mantle lithosphere thinning caused by thermal phenomena is likely a fundamental driving force for southern Basin and Range extension. Because the mantle lithosphere has likely thinned much more than the crust, it is shown that additional vertical advection, such as an asthenosphere plume, delaminating part of the mantle lithosphere, convection cells, and rising magmas along conduits, add to the vertical advection component of upper mantle lithosphere extension. Interestingly, values of heat flow 25 Ma, lithosphere thicknesses 25 Ma, and Neogene lithosphere thinning are somewhat similar for the Four Corners area of the Colorado Plateau and the southern Basin and Range, even though Neogene tectonic development was quite different, i.e., no Neogene extension in the Colorado Plateau vs. ~57% in the southern Basin and Range. Neogene lithosphere thinning phenomena are likely different in the two regions.
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El Gohary, Rasha. "International EIA Guidelines and the Nile Basin Countries EIA Experience." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 17 (June 30, 2016): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n17p482.
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The environmental impact assessment (EIA) was first required by the U.S. National Environmental Policy Act, which require environmental impact assessment of all major development projects to determine their potential for adverse effects on the environment. The environmental outlook for the Nile basin remains quite hazy. In the future there will be new environmental challenge stemming from population growth, increasing demands on agriculture, and climate change. This will put a huge burden on the environment. This research initiated to compare the international EIA guidelines in order to enhance the Nile Basin Countries experience to improve its practice in managing the environmental resources. This is due to the fact that Nile Basin Countries experiences face many challenges such as lack of capacity, data, proper guidelines, enforcement, and most importantly awareness of the environment protection sector or its effectiveness. Moreover; it requires reviewing and tools improvements to produce effective environmental management of development and engineering projects. Therefore, provision of detailed guidelines for EIA can help to improve the practice in the management of environmental resources. This paper reviews the EIA legislation in the Nile Basin Countries in comparison with international legislation and guidelines with emphasis on the EIA practice. The paper also intends to present selected international EIA guidelines in a comparative form and this is expected to raise awareness, professional experience of EIA issues, enhance EIA carrying capacity, and lead, ultimately, to improvements in available EIA legislations and guidelines and increase compatibility among them.
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McDougall, Trevor J., and David R. Jackett. "An Assessment of Orthobaric Density in the Global Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 35, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 2054–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2796.1.
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Abstract Orthobaric density has recently been advanced as a new density variable for displaying ocean data and as a coordinate for ocean modeling. Here the extent to which orthobaric density surfaces are neutral is quantified and it is found that orthobaric density surfaces are less neutral in the World Ocean than are potential density surfaces referenced to 2000 dbar. Another property that is important for a vertical coordinate of a layered model is the quasi-material nature of the coordinate and it is shown that orthobaric density surfaces are significantly non-quasi-material. These limitations of orthobaric density arise because of its inability to accurately accommodate differences between water masses at fixed values of pressure and in situ density such as occur between the Northern and Southern Hemisphere portions of the World Ocean. It is shown that special forms of orthobaric density can be quite accurate if they are formed for an individual ocean basin and used only in that basin. While orthobaric density can be made to be approximately neutral in a single ocean basin, this is not possible in both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere portions of the Atlantic Ocean. While the helical nature of neutral trajectories (equivalently, the ill-defined nature of neutral surfaces) limits the neutrality of all types of density surface, the inability of orthobaric density surfaces to accurately accommodate more than one ocean basin is a much greater limitation.
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Desjardins, Marc-André, and François G. Brière. "Conditionnement et déshydratation de boues d'étangs aérés facultatifs à l'aide du gel – dégel naturel: résultats d'essais." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 323–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-038.
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This article presents the results of tests investigating the conditioning and dewatering of biological and chemical sludge (alum dephosphatation sludge) from facultative aerated lagoons using natural freeze–thaw. The results presented here highlight the excellent efficiency of this conditioning method used with drying beds. Following freeze–thaw, immediately after drainage, sludge presents little odor and has lost its liquid state since dry solid contents of more than 30% can be obtained with ease. Freeze–thaw also eliminates the gelatinous consistency of chemical sludge. The filtrates are clear and contain low levels of suspended solids but may have relatively high chemical oxygen demand. To maximize the depth of sludge that can be frozen, it is necessary to freeze the sludge in thin layers. This requires the pumping of sludge from a separate storage basin to a freezing bed for the duration of winter (separate basin–bed method). The storage basin may however be combined with the freezing bed provided the depth of the sole sludge layer does not exceed the maximum depth of sludge that can be frozen during the winter season (combined basin–bed method). Freeze–thaw is not affected by the initial dry solid content of the sludge. The grain size of the sludge can however have some influence, although quite marginal, and freeze–thaw is efficient for all types of aqueous sludge. Key words: conditioning, dewatering, sludge, facultative aerated lagoons, natural freeze–thaw, trials.
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Hendrayana, Heru, Indra Agus Riyanto, and Azmin Nuha. "Tingkat Pemanfaatan Airtanah di Cekungan Airtanah (CAT) Yogyakarta-Sleman." Geodika: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu dan Pendidikan Geografi 4, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29408/geodika.v4i2.2643.
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The Yogyakarta-Sleman Groundwater Basin has an important role in providing water resources for people of Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta City, and Bantul Regency. If it is not managed properly, excessive groundwater utilization can reduce the quality and quantity of groundwater. This study aims to determine the level of groundwater utilization in the Yogyakarta-Sleman Groundwater Basin. The method used is the calculation of dynamic groundwater and water utilization according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) number 19-6728.1-2002. The results showed that the trend of total groundwater utilization from 2013 to 2018 has increased in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta City, and Bantul Regency. However, when viewed from the level of groundwater utilization, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta City, and Bantul Regency are dominated by low utilization rates, while the very high utilization rates in Sleman Regency are in Godean and Gamping Districts. The utilization rate is very high in the city of Yogyakarta, located in Umbulharjo District. While the level of utilization is very high in Bantul Regency, in Imogiri District. Thus it can be concluded that the level of groundwater utilization in the Yogyakarta-Sleman Groundwater Basin area is quite diverse, dominated by the low category but there are several sub-districts in the very high category, so that the groundwater utilization zone in CAT Yogyakarta-Sleman still needs control, so that it can be sustainable and utilized in the long term. Keywords: groundwater basin, groundwater use, index of groundwater use
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Antunes, Miguel Telles, and Ausenda Cáceres Balbino. "Os carcharhiniformes (cCondrichthyes, Neoselachii) da Bacia de Alvalade (Portugal)." Spanish Journal of Palaeontology 19, no. 1 (March 3, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/sjp.19.1.20523.
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The uppermost Miocene, Esbarrondadoiro Formation (Alvalade basin, Portugal) yielded more than 10 thousandSelachian teeth at Santa Margarida, Esbarrondadoiro and Vale de Zebro outcrops. Forty-five taxa were identifiedbelonging to the orders Hexanchiformes, Squaliformes, Lamniformes, Carcharhiniformes, Torpediniformes and Myliobatiformes. The Carcharhiniformes make up about 40% of the selachian fauna that has been identified in the studiedarea. The different distribution of the Carcharhiniformes (as well as that of the other orders) by the three sitespoints out to distinct environments in the corresponding areas: Esbarrondadoiro indicates relatively deeper, ratherstill waters; Santa Margarida represents a very littoral area and rough waters; while Vale de Zebro was a (probablyinner) part of a gulf with muddy bottoms. At the Alvalade Basin localities there are several “temperate” elements that still are present in Portuguese waters. However the high frequence of Carcharhinus, a genus that is scarce at present off Portugal, indicates waters somewhatwarmer than today’s but less warm than during Tortonian times. This is corroborated by the large number of Dasyatisspecies and the rarity of Raja. We may conclude that moderately warm (less warm than during Tortonian, but warmerthan today’s) waters predominated in the Alvalade Basin close by the end of Miocene. The scarcity of pelagic forms and especially of the larger pelagic predators points out to a quite narrow gulf and not to an open Atlantic front. The faunal differences between the Tortonian near Lisbon and the Messinian of the Alvalade Basin also indicate a rather confined gulf.
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Ovcharuk, Valeriia A., Mariia E. Daus, Natalia S. Kichuk, Mariia I. Myroshnychenko, and Yurii V. Daus. "The analysis of time series of river water mineralization in the Dnipro basin with the use of theoretical laws of random variables distribution." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 29, no. 1 (April 10, 2020): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112015.
Full textAbstract:
The analysis of current scientific work on the use of statistical methods in hydrochemical research has shown that this approach is sufficiently substantial, both in Ukraine and abroad. The purpose of this work is to determine the main statistical parameters and to research the possibility of applying theoretical laws of distribution to the time series of water mineralization.This research presents the results of the application of standard statistical methods of hydrometeorological information processing for data on water mineralization at 28 gauges of the Dnipro basin (within Ukraine) for the period from 1990 to 2015. The dynamics of the obtained statistical parameters (long-term annual average, coefficients of variation, asymmetry and autocorrelation) within the Dnipro basin in Ukraine has been analyzed. The average annual values of mineralization vary substantially within the studied part of the Dnipro basin - in the northern part the maximum value of the annual average mineralization is 447 mg/l, as it moves to the south, the mineralization increases and in the sub-basin of the Middle Dnipro it reaches a maximum of 971 mg/l; the highest values are observed in the south (sub-basin of the Lower Dnipro), where they can reach extremely high values for particular small rivers (the Solon River - Novopavlivka village, 3356 mg / l). The long-term variability of mineralization in the rivers of the studied area is insignificant, and the autocorrelation coefficients of the mineralization series are quite high, in most cases they are significant and tend to decrease from the sub-basin of the Prypyat’ river in the north to the sub-basin of the Lower Dnipro river in the south. Within the framework of the presented research, the possibility of using theoretical distribution curves known in hydrology to describe the series of river mineralization, using the example of the Dnipro basin, has also been analyzed. Using Pearson’s fitting criterion, the Pearson type III distributions and the three-parameter distributions by S.M.Krytsky and M.F.Menkel have been verified on their correspondence with the empirical series of mineralization. As a result, it was found that in 85% of cases the Pearson type III distribution can be used, and the three-parameter by S.M.Krytsky and M.F.Menkel can be used in 60% of cases.