Academic literature on the topic 'Bassin de Quito'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bassin de Quito"
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Pacheco, D., E. D. Mercerat, F. Courboulex, L. F. Bonilla, A. Laurendeau, and A. Alvarado. "Profiling the Quito basin (Ecuador) using seismic ambient noise." Geophysical Journal International 228, no. 2 (October 11, 2021): 1419–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab408.
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SUMMARY Quito, the capital of Ecuador, with more than 2.5 M inhabitants, is exposed to a high seismic hazard due to its proximity to the Pacific subduction zone and active crustal faults, both capable of generating significant earthquakes. Furthermore, the city is located in an intermontane piggy-back basin prone to seismic wave amplification. To understand the basin’s seismic response and characterize its geological structure, 20 broad and medium frequency band seismic stations were deployed in Quito’s urban area between May 2016 and July 2018 that continuously recorded ambient seismic noise. We first compute horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios to determine the resonant frequency distribution in the entire basin. Secondly, we cross-correlate seismic stations operating simultaneously to retrieve interstations surface-wave Green’s functions in the frequency range of 0.1–2 Hz. We find that Love waves travelling in the basin’s longitudinal direction (NNE–SSW) show much clearer correlograms than those from Rayleigh waves. We then compute Love wave phase-velocity dispersion curves and invert them in conjunction with the HVSR curves to obtain shear-wave velocity profiles throughout the city. The inversions highlight a clear difference in the basin’s structure between its northern and southern parts. In the centre and northern areas, the estimated basin depth and mean shear-wave velocity are about 200 m and 1800 ms−1, respectively, showing resonance frequency values between 0.6 and 0.7 Hz. On the contrary, the basement’s depth and shear-wave velocity in the southern part are about 900 m and 2500 ms−1, having a low resonance frequency value of around 0.3 Hz. This difference in structure between the centre-north and the south of the basin explains the spatial distribution of low-frequency seismic amplifications observed during the Mw 7.8 Pedernales earthquake in April 2016 in Quito.
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Gierhake, Klaus, and Arturo Curiel. "Creative Cities in the Pacific Basin of Latin American - North Latitude 0-20° (Quito-Guadalajara)." México y la Cuenca del Pacífico 6, no. 16 (January 1, 2017): 51–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v6i16.521.
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Filipescu, Sorin, and Angela Miclea. "Elphidium tongaense (Cushman 1931), a quite old Recent foraminifer." Micropaleontology 67, no. 4 (2021): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47894/mpal.67.4.05.
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The late middleMiocene microfossil assemblages from the easternmost Pannonian Basin in Romania preserve numerous evolute and deformed specimens of Elphidium, which are assigned to the Recent species E. tongaense (Cushman 1931) originally described from the Pacific. Ourmaterial suggests that the origin of the species is back in the middle Miocene, when amarine connection between the Paratethys and the Indo-Pacific regions probably existed.
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Laurendeau, Aurore, Françoise Courboulex, Luis Fabian Bonilla, Alexandra Alvarado, Victor Alfonso Naya, Philippe Guéguen, E. Diego Mercerat, et al. "Low‐Frequency Seismic Amplification in the Quito Basin (Ecuador) Revealed by Accelerometric Recordings of the RENAC Network." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 107, no. 6 (October 24, 2017): 2917–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120170134.
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Courboulex, Francoise, David Alejandro Castro-Cruz, Aurore Laurendeau, Luis Fabian Bonilla, Alexandra Alvarado, and Etienne Bertrand. "Ground motion simulations in Quito (Ecuador) due to major earthquakes from the subduction zone." Geophysical Journal International 229, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 2192–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac044.
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SUMMARY In 1906, an earthquake with a magnitude estimated between Mw 8.4 and 8.8 occurred in the subduction zone along the coast of Ecuador and Colombia. This earthquake caused extensive damage on the coast but had a rather small impact on the capital city of Quito, situated 180 km away. At that time, the city of Quito extended over a small area with a few thousand inhabitants, while today it stretches over 40 km and has a population of over 3 million, with most of the city built without paraseismic regulations. The aim of this study is to obtain new insights on the impact that large earthquakes from the subduction zone would have on the city today. This question is crucial since we know that the city of Quito is prone to site effects and that the southern part of the city amplifies seismic waves at low frequencies, around 0.3–0.4 Hz. In April 2016, an Mw 7.8 earthquake occurred on the subduction interface in the Pedernales area. This event was the first large earthquake in the city of Quito to be well recorded by 13 stations of the permanent accelerometric network (RENAC). In this study, we take advantage of this data set (main shock and large aftershock recordings) to (1) test an empirical Green's function blind simulation approach where the input stress drop is taken from a global catalogue of source time functions, (2) compare the synthetic accelerograms and ground motion values we obtain for an Mw 7.8 earthquake with the actual recordings of the Pedernales earthquake and then (3) simulate larger earthquakes of Mw 8.2 and 8.5 from the subduction zone. For Mw 7.8 simulations, our approach allows a good reproduction of the ground motions in the whole frequency bands and properly takes into account site effects. For Mw 8.2 and 8.5 simulations, we obtain for the stations in the southern part of the basin, larger values at low frequencies than the predicted motion given by ground motion models. These values, although high, should be supported by new or recent buildings if they are constructed respecting the building code that applies in Quito. Therefore, for this type of strong but distant earthquake, the seismic standards appear to be well suited and it is imperative to ensure that they are well considered in the design of the new buildings to be constructed, especially in the southern part of the expanding city.
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Quiroga, Carlos Raul, Adriana Vallania, and Beatriz Elena Rosso de Ferradás. "Structure and distribution of Hydrachnidia (Parasitengona-Acari) in the sub-basin of the Grande River (Superior Basin of Quinto River. San Luis-Argentina)." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 22, no. 3 (2010): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/actalb.02203005.
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Yoshida, M., S. R. Pant, P. C. Adhikary, V. Dangol, and S. Shrestha. "Geophysical study of land subsidence: example from Pokhara basin." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 34 (October 9, 2006): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v34i0.31888.
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Land subsidence is a serious problem in the Pokhara city and surrounding wide areas consisting of recent debris flow deposits. Owing to their calcareous matrix the debris flow deposits are more-or-less well cemented, even though their age ranges just from 12,000 to 700 years BP. There are numerous caves and caverns in these deposits. To investigate the danger of subsidence, ground penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography were employed to detect and map the caves and caverns. The results are quite encouraging and the above methods are found to be quite effective in formulating the control measures to the land subsidence hazard.
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Fesiuk, Vasyl, and Andrij Slusarchuk. "GEOECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE RIVER OKONKA BASIN AND ITS OPTIMIZATION." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 51, no. 2 (December 5, 2021): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.21.2.19.
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The impact of economic activity on the environment can best be traced in the scale of small river basins. One of such rivers is the Okonka River, which flows through the territory of the former Manevychi (Kamin-Kashyrskyi according to the new administrative-territorial structure) district. Among the environmental problems of the basin, the most acute are: surface water pollution due to runoff from agricultural fields, livestock farms, unauthorized landfills, etc. Improving the geo-ecological condition of the Okonka River basin on the basis of ecologically safe sustainable development is an urgent problem of the territory's development. The Okonka River Basin is one of the least explored regions of the Volyn Region. Materials from the Regional Office of Water Resources in Volyn Oblast, the Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Volyn Oblast State Administration, own expeditionary research, cartographic materials, electronic maps (Google Map, OpenStreetMap) and satellite images were used to prepare the publication. Also, more than 20 literature sources and electronic resources, laws and regulations of Ukraine in the field of rational use and protection of water resources were developed. The following methods were used during the research: collection and processing of archival, literary, graphic, cartographic and tabular material, regime quantitative and qualitative observations of river characteristics; field research of channel processes; mathematical and engineering calculations, mathematical modeling, analysis of anthropogenic impact on water resources of the studied region, constructive-geographical method and method of expert assessments. The natural conditions of the basin contribute to the settlement and development of the economy. Particularly favorable are the terrain, climate, inland waters. Within the basin there are 7 objects and territories of the nature reserve fund. The impact of anthropogenic activity on the river basin is quite significant. This is due to intensive agricultural and residential use, the development of drainage reclamation. The level of radiation pollution is assessed as "satisfactory", the use of land resources - "close to normal. The water quality of the Okonka River in the upper line (leak) is assessed by the second class of the third category (water is quite good in quality, quite clean in purity). The environmental index is 2.92. Environmental protection measures are proposed to improve the geoecological condition of the river basin. The complex of environmental protection measures should include: development of a local eco-network; creation of new and expansion of the network of existing nature reserves; improvement of the situation with waste management, elimination of spontaneous dumps; monitoring of soils to protect them from degradation and pollution; monitoring of surface waters in order to protect them from depletion and pollution; an inventory of drainage systems in order to establish the feasibility of further use in agricultural separate areas, the allocation of parts of the drainage systems that can be renaturalized in the future; prevention of peat and forest fires.
Key words: river, river basin, geological condition of the river basin, geographical features of the basin, ecological assessment of river water quality, measures to improve the geoecological condition of the basin.
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Steenland, N. "On: “Exploration of a Lignite‐Bearing Basin in Northern Ireland Using Ground and Magnetic VLF-EM Methods,” R. J. McCaffrey, John McElroy, and Graham Leslie (March‐April 1995 GEOPHYSICS, p. 408–412)." GEOPHYSICS 61, no. 3 (May 1996): 915–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444017.
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This paper presents an analysis of ground magnetic and VLF-EM data over a basin of several hundred acres which is an appendage to the larger Lough Neagh autogeosynclinal basin in northeastern Ireland. There is little to do with lignite and the VLM-EM of the title. There is quite a bit to do with the magnetic sector which is, however, not analyzed by time‐proven methods of depth determination but rather by running a synthetic, one dimensional first derivative over the traverses given the name MAGGRO.
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Jiawen, Ren, Qin Dahe, and Ian Allison. "Variations of snow accumulation and temperature over past decades in the Lambert Glacier basin, Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 29 (1999): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756499781821058.
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AbstractThe Lambert Glacier basin is a region of the East Antarctic ice sheet with a distinctive topography. Accumulation data derived from cane measurements are available from recent inland traverses in the western part of the basin, together with data on stable isotopes and visible stratigraphy of shallow cores and snow pits. These data suggest that snow accumulation has decreased since the 1930s by 16-37%, but that since the late 1980s it has been increasing. Temperature records from the nearby coastal station, Mawson, show no clear trend. Although the data are from only the western part of the basin, these results are quite different from those in many other regions of Antarctica. Further investigations are needed in this potentially exceptional region.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bassin de Quito"
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Pacheco, Daniel. "Étude de la réponse sismique du bassin de Quito." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ4017.
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La ville de Quito, capitale de l’Équateur est située dans une vallée andine à 2800 mètres d’altitude entourée de volcans. Cette ville qui accueille environ 2 millions d’habitant est sujette à l’occurrence de séismes importants. Elle est de plus particulièrement vulnérable puisqu’aucun code parasismique n’est pour le moment utilisé pour les constructions. L’étude de l’aléa et du risque sismique y est donc primordiale. Trois type de séismes menacent la ville : un séisme proche de magnitude modérée (M~6.5) qui aurait lieu sur le réseau de faille de Quito, un séisme plus lointain qui pourrait avoir une magnitude plus élevée (M~7.5) venant de la cordillère et enfin un séisme de subduction venant de la côte à plus de 170 km de distance, dont la magnitude pourrait très élevée (M> 8.5). C’est ce troisième type de séisme qui a frappé l’Équateur le 16 avril 2016 (séisme de Pedernales, Mw 7.8). Ce séisme a causé des dégâts très importants sur la côte et plusieurs centaines de victimes. Il a fait trembler également la ville de Quito mais n’a causé aucun dommage. Qu’en serait-il pour un séisme plus fort ? Est-ce que l’effet d’amplification des ondes sismiques dû au bassin sédimentaire de Quito pourrait, comme cela a été le cas en 1985 dans le bassin de Mexico, engendrer des valeurs de mouvement du sol très fortes causant des dégâts importants ? Est-ce que des séismes de plus faible magnitude mais plus proches pourraient menacer la ville de façon plus importante ? Ces questions scientifiques sont au cœur des préoccupations de ce sujet de thèse, qui est lui-même inclus dans un grand projet d’étude de la zone Équateur-Chili mené conjointement par l’Institut de Géophysique de Quito, et des chercheurs Français des laboratoires Géoazur, ISTerre, CEREMA et IFSTTAR. Objectifs de la thèse : Comprendre, caractériser et simuler les mouvements du sol dans la ville de Quito, en prenant en compte les effets de résonance du bassin (i.e. topographie de la base du bassin, remplissage alluvionnaire), ainsi que ceux dus à la forte topographie environnante. Réaliser des simulations de séismes futurs probables. Données disponibles (non encore exploitées): Enregistrements du bruit de fond par 20 stations large-bande dans et autour du bassin pendant 6 mois (la campagne de mesure sera menée de juillet à décembre 2017. Enregistrements de petits séismes sur le réseau accélérométrique de Quito (RENAQ) depuis 2010 Enregistrements du séisme de Pedernales et de ses principales répliques sur le réseau RENAQ Méthodologie : Corrélation de bruit de fond pour estimer des fonctions de Green inter-stations, en s’appuyant sur les données géologiques et géotechniques existantes. Autres techniques d’inversion (e.g. fonctions récepteur, étude d'ondes converties sur l'interface sédiments/socle) envisagées en fonction de la qualité des fonctions de Green estimées. Simulation basse fréquence en utilisant les fonctions de Green obtenues par intercorrélation du bruit Simulations haute fréquence par méthode hybrides utilisant des fonctions de Green empiriques (c’est-à-dire les enregistrements de petits séismes)The city of Quito (Ecuador's capital) is located in an Andean valley at 2800 meters above sea level. Surrounded by volcanoes, this city of approximately 2 million inhabitants is prone to major earthquakes, and it is particularly vulnerable since no seismic code is formally used for constructions. The study of the hazard and the seismic risk is, therefore, essential. Three types of earthquakes threaten the city: a) a close earthquake of moderate magnitude (M ~ 6.5), which would occur on the Quito fault system, b) a more distant earthquake which could have a higher magnitude (M ~ 7.5) coming from the cordillera, and c) finally a subduction earthquake coming from the coastline more than 170 km away, the magnitude of which could be very high (M> 8.5). This third type of earthquake struck Ecuador on April 16, 2016 (Pedernales earthquake, Mw 7.8). Pedernales earthquake caused very significant damage to the coast region and several hundred victims. It also made the city of Quito tremble but caused no damage. What about a stronger earthquake? Could the seismic wave amplifying effect due to the Quito sedimentary basin, as was the case in 1985 in the Mexico City basin, generate very strong ground motion values causing significant damage? Could smaller magnitude but closer earthquakes threaten the city more seriously? These scientific questions are at the heart of this thesis subject's concerns, which is included in a major study project of the Ecuador-Chile zone carried out jointly by the Institute of Geophysics of Quito and French researchers from GeoAzur, ISTerre, CEREMA, and IFSTTAR laboratories. Objectives of the thesis: Understand, characterize, and simulate ground movements in Quito's city, taking into account the effects of basin resonance (i.e., the geometry of the basin's bedrock, alluvial filling) well as those due to the strong surrounding topography. Carry out simulations of likely future earthquakes. Available data (not yet used): Background noise recordings by 20 broadband stations in and around the basin for six months (the measurement campaign will be carried out from July to December 2017). Small earthquakes recordings on the Quito accelerometric network (RENAQ) since 2010. Recordings of the Pedernales earthquake and its main aftershocks on the RENAQ network Methodology : Seismic noise cross-correlation to estimate inter-station Green's functions, relying on existing geological and geotechnical data. Other inversion techniques (e.g., receiver functions, the study of converted waves on the sediment/bedrock interface) considered depending on the quality of the estimated Green's functions. Low-frequency stimulation using Green's functions obtained by cross-correlation of noise and high-frequency simulations using empirical Green's functions (i.e., recordings of small earthquakes)
Books on the topic "Bassin de Quito"
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Laspina, Iván. Quito, ciudad y pobreza. Quito, Ecuador: Municipio del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito, Dirección General de Planificación, 1995.
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Grewal, J. S. ‘Divide and Quit’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199467099.003.0014.
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The British Prime Minister’s statement of 20 February 1947 carried the implication of partition with independence by June 1948. Nehru welcomed the statement as ‘wise and courageous’ and the Congress Working Committee welcomed the declaration, adding that Sikh interests would be safeguarded. Master Tara Singh declared that there could be no settlement if the Muslims wanted to rule over the Punjab. Lord Mountbatten was prepared to work out a settlement on the basis of partition. In his meeting with the Governor General and the representatives of the Congress and the Muslim League on 2 June, Baldev Singh accepted partition in principle, suggesting exchange of population and property as the terms of reference for the Boundary Commission. Mountbatten made it clear at a press conference later that the Labour Government would never subscribe to partition on the basis of landed property. Thus, population became virtually the sole criterion for partition.
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Gagliano, Marco da. Madrigals, Part 5. Edited by Edmond Strainchamps. A-R Editions, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31022/b222.
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Marco da Gagliano's Quinto libro de madrigali a cinque voci was published in October 1608, a little less than two years after his previous book. It contains fourteen madrigals for five voices and one for seven, all composed by Gagliano. The poets represented include Giambattista Marino, Giovanbattista Strozzi, both the older and the younger, Cosimo Galletti, and Ottavio Rinuccini. The madrigals of book 5 are quite varied in their style and their treatment of text. Many are light and remarkably concise, like the canzonetta-influenced madrigals of the Quarto libro, and most often set text syllabically to shorter rhythmic values in motives that alternate between homophony (or near homophony) and polyphony, imitative or nonimitative. Some, however, set poetry very differently. A three-part setting of a Marino sonnet, for instance, is filled with virtuoso melisma, probably intended for the professional singers of the Medici court. Book 5 also includes a concertato madrigal for seven singers and basso continuo that bears the prescriptive direction “per cantare e sonare” (for voices and instruments) in the basso partbook. Although there is no notational indication of instruments, the basso part lacks text for several measures, and it is likely that it was performed with improvised chords on an instrument. The book also contains two threnodies for Count Cammillo della Gheradesca that are in a somber and more traditional polyphony and contrast with the rest of the book's contents.
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Bratman, Michael E. Consistency and Coherence in Plan. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867850.003.0009.
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This essay focuses on the reflections of a planning agent on her distinctive synchronic norms of practical thinking. It develops the idea of planning agency that is self-reinforcing by way of considerations of self-governance: given that one is a planning agent whose practical thinking is guided by basic planning norms—something for which there is good reason—one’s self-governance will be such that conforming to those norms is partly constitutive of that self-governance. This helps articulate a framework within which (a) pragmatic grounds for planning agency quite generally, combine with (b) normative reasons of self-governance for conformity to basic norms in the particular case. This framework can be brought to bear by a reflective planning agent in support of basic norms of synchronic plan rationality. And this supports an interpretation of the idea that these norms are peremptory.
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Baranowski, Maciej. Sociophonetics. Edited by Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron, and Ceil Lucas. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199744084.013.0020.
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The term sociophonetics refers to the interface of sociolinguistics and phonetics, and specifically to the use of modern phonetic methods in the quantitative analysis of language variation and change. Although its definition can be quite broad, including any sociolinguistic study involving sounds analysed impressionistically, it usually implies the use of instrumental techniques. This chapter takes the view of sociophonetics as a tool contributing to the understanding of the nature of language variation and change. Assuming a basic knowledge of acoustic phonetics, it focuses on sociophonetic methodology, particularly in the practice of acoustic vowel analysis.
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Stewart, Frances, Gustav Ranis, and Emma Samman. The Evolution of Development Thought. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794455.003.0001.
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This chapter reviews the evolution of development thought from the Second World War to date, tracing the dynamics and interactions between the circumstances that countries faced, economic thought, and policies. It shows that on gaining independence, countries first aimed to promote economic growth, and while this was quite successful, problems emerged and the human dimension was neglected. A succession of alternatives, including the basic needs approach, was displaced by the debt crisis and stabilization in the 1980s, with very harsh consequences for poverty. The human development approach arose then, with the 1990 Human Development Report, building on basic needs and Sen’s capabilities approach. The chapter traces subsequent developments, including global agreements such as the Millennium Development Goals, and subsequently the Sustainable Development Goals, which can be seen as embodiments of the human development approach.
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Mozersky, M. Joshua. Presentism. Edited by Craig Callender. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199298204.003.0006.
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Is there more to the world than the present moment? This question is one of the most basic one can ask about time. This chapter discusses presentism: the doctrine that everything is present—that, and only that, which is present exists—reviewing a quite different attack on presentism. Called the “truth-maker” or “grounding” objection, the idea is that the presentist's temporally impoverished resources are insufficient to allow him or her to say that statements about the past or future are truth-evaluable. So the presentist faces a quandary: the claim is true, yet there is nothing that makes it so.
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Levine, Joseph. The Modal Status of Materialism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800088.003.0008.
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It is quite common to assume that Materialism, if true, is only contingently true. After all, couldn’t there have been a dualist world of immaterial souls, even if this world doesn’t happen to be one? We argue that, contrary to appearances, Materialism, if true, is necessarily true. In the course of making this argument we clarify what we take to be the core of the Materialist thesis, which differs crucially from the way it’s often presented. Rather than a specification of the nature of the material that underlies mentality, it is more a claim that mental states are realized, not basic.
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Escudier, Marcel. Engineering applications of the linear momentum equation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719878.003.0010.
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In this chapter a method is shown for applying the linear momentum equation, together with the continuity equation and either Bernoulli’s equation or some other information about static pressure, to the analysis of a diverse range of practical problems. A key aim is to demonstrate that it is possible to establish a relatively simple theoretical basis which can give quite accurate and useful information about the performance of such complex machines as jet and rocket engines, the jet pump, and the Pelton turbine. Other examples include flow through a sudden enlargement, a convergent nozzle, a pipe bend, a pipe junction, and a cascade of guidevanes. For each example it is shown how to define a suitable control volume.
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Skantze, P. A. Gloriously Inept and Satisfyingly True. Edited by Mark Franko. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199314201.013.41.
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Invoking the methodology of the act of spectating as a practice, an idea developed from Skantze’s Itinerant Spectator/Itinerant Spectacle, this chapter examines reenactment from the perspective of the active spectator. The archive and the document common to reenactment present the spectator as practitioner with interpretive tools, and yet often the reception of reenactments becomes stronger by way of the mix of spectator memory with the not quite accurate or faithful in the representation. Wim Vandekeybus’s Booty Looting, a dance performance that not only stages a reenactment, but also confronts the spectator with the material of memory, forms the basis for thinking through the paradox of the truth in approximations and flawed enactments.
Book chapters on the topic "Bassin de Quito"
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Koldinská, Kristina. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in the Czech Republic." In IMISCOE Research Series, 109–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_7.
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Abstract This chapter discusses the Czech social security system from the perspective of migrant workers and their families. The Czech Republic is a central European country whose population is quite homogeneous, so its migration policy is not a very welcoming one. Access to social security benefits for third-country nationals is connected to long-term residence. EU citizens have equal access to social benefits as Czech nationals. The chapter explains basic characteristics of the Czech social protection system (unemployment benefits, health care system, pension insurance, family benefits and social assistance benefits), with a special emphasis on accessibility for migrant workers and their families.
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Martínez, José Ricardo, Cristina Reyes, and Emilia Vallejo. "A museum that travels: Yaku Viajero and citizen education on Guayllabamba social basin in Quito, Ecuador (South America)." In The Cultural Dynamics in Water Management from Ancient History to the Present Age, 241–56. IWA Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789062045_0241.
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Abstract Yaku Viajero is a travelling exhibition created by the Yaku Water Museum in Quito, Ecuador that aims to raise awareness among citizens about the importance of water conservation for the city and the world. It deals with five topics: water history in Quito, water quality, the right to water according to the constitution of Ecuador, Water Footprint and the social and hydrographic basin of the Guayllabamba, which provides water to the city of Quito, capital of Ecuador. This chapter describes in depth how the concept of the social basin is applied through educational and museographic resources and how it aims to promote the development of empathy as a fundamental basis of citizenship education.
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Alley, William M., and Rosemarie Alley. "Not All Aquifers Are Created Equal." In High and Dry. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300220384.003.0005.
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This chapter examines how geology and climate create vastly different groundwater situations. Effective management of groundwater depends upon full consideration of these differences. The chapter begins with a distinction between confined and unconfined aquifers and a look at artesian wells, with a focus on Australia’s Great Artesian Basin. The characteristics of different rock types are illustrated by four basic aquifer rock types in sub-Saharan Africa. The chapter then turns to non-renewable aquifers in North Africa and Saudi Arabia. The fast-recharging Edwards Aquifer in Texas then provides a quite different story with its sensitivity to short-term climate variability and concerns about endangered species. The chapter concludes with a discussion of saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers and the potential of brackish groundwater for water supply.
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Helgadóttir, Ragnhildur. "Iceland." In The Limits of the Legal Complex, 235–61. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192848413.003.0008.
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This chapter confirms whether the theories of a legal complex are mobilized primarily, but not exclusively, for issues that can be classified as classical political liberalism. It describes the political activities of Icelandic lawyers, from the late nineteenth century to the present. It also discusses the three core attributes of political liberalism: a moderate state, civil society, and certain basic legal freedoms. The chapter describes the activities of the Icelandic legal complex, which has been quite active in influencing legislation. It focuses on agency, on individual events, and on the unanimity and influence of the Icelandic legal complex and considers the legal complex formed on the basis of other stories from very different states.
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Hastings, Charles M. "Herders in the Jungle." In The Archaeology of the Upper Amazon, 188–207. University Press of Florida, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066905.003.0010.
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The Chinchaycocha, a people described by sixteenth century sources as herders of a high Central Andean plateau, may also have been part of the Andean-Amazonian frontier. A combination of archaeological, ethnohistoric, and ethnographic information in support of this argument is presented from eastern valleys below this plateau. A long ridge beside one of these valleys descends to a small basin nestled at the foot of the Andes, at times home to one or more indigenous populations of Amazonian cultural affiliation. An ancient trail along this ridge connected one relatively large Late Intermediate village near its upper end to a smaller one just above the basin. Both are argued to have been culturally affiliated to Chinchaycocha-based herders of the plateau and quite distinct from the lowland occupants of the basin. The nature of interaction across this cultural frontier remains largely unknown.
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Peters, Debra P. C., and Robert P. Gibbens. "Plant Communities in the Jornada Basin: The Dynamic Landscape." In Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117769.003.0014.
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Plant communities of the Jornada Basin are characteristic of the northern Chihuahuan Desert both in structure and dynamics. Although a number of plant communities can be differentiated, five major vegetation types are often distinguished that differ in plant species cover and composition, as well as other factors, such as animal populations, soil properties, and elevation. These five types are black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) grasslands, playa grasslands, tarbush (Flourensia cernua) shrublands, creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) shrublands, and mesquite (Prosopis grandulosa) shrublands. Similar to many other parts of the Chihuahuan Desert, these plant communities have experienced major shifts in vegetation composition over the past 50–150 years (York and Dick-Peddie 1969). The most dramatic changes in vegetation and associated ecosystem processes have occurred as a result of a shift in life form due to woody plant encroachment into perennial grasslands (Grover and Musick 1990; Bahre and Shelton 1993). This encroachment of shrubs has occurred in many arid and semiarid regions of the world, including the Western United States, northern Mexico, southern Africa, South America, New Zealand, and Australia (McPherson 1997; Scholes and Archer 1997). A number of drivers have been implicated in these grass–shrub dynamics, including various combinations of livestock grazing, small animal activity, drought, changes in fire regime, and changes in climate (Humphrey 1958; Archer 1989; Allred 1996; Reynolds et al. 1997; Van Auken 2000). The causes of shrub invasion are quite variable and often poorly understood, although the consequences consistently lead to the process of desertification (Schlesinger et al. 1990). This chapter describes the characteristics of each vegetation type and the documented changes in each type at the Jornada Basin. We then discuss the key drivers influencing these dynamics. Vegetation in the Chihuahuan Desert region has been classified as desert-grassland transition (Shreve 1917), desert savanna (Shantz and Zon 1924), desert plains grasslands (Clements 1920), desert shrub grassland (Darrow 1944), and shrubsteppe (Kuchler 1964). Desert grassland is often used as a general descriptive name for the area (McClaran 1995), although landscapes at the Jornada and throughout the northern Chihuahuan Desert often consist of a mosaic of desert grasslands, Chihuahuan Desert shrublands, and plains-mesa sand scrub (Dick-Peddie 1993).
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Sterne, Laurence. "Chapter XVIII." In The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199532896.003.0271.
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I THINK, an' please your honour, quoth Trim, the fortifications are quite destroyed and the bason is upon a level with the mole——I think so too; replied my uncle Toby with a sigh half suppress'd——but step into the parlour, Trim, for the stipulation——it lies upon...
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Cuevas, Elvira. "Soil versus Biological Controls on Nutrient Cycling in Terra Firme Forests." In The Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195114317.003.0007.
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Terra firme forests are those that by definition are not permanently or seasonally flooded (terra firme meaning “firm terrain”). This type of forest encompasses the Amazon and Orinoco basins, stretching from the lower slopes of the Andes, east to the Guianas, and south to about 15°S in western Brazil and northern Bolivia (Richards 1996). Structural and compositional variability in these forests in the Amazon basin is very wide as a result of climate differences and geomorphological position. The region is not climatically uniform; the central and much of the southern parts have less and more seasonal rainfall than the eastern and western parts (Walsh 1996). These differences have direct and indirect ecological significance, as phenology and biological processes related to nutrient availability will be strongly influenced by both factors (Cuevas and Medina 1986, 1988, 1990, Medina and Cuevas 1989). Periods of two or more consecutive dry days are ecologically significant in a humid area such as San Carlos de Río Negro, in the northern part of the Amazon, because of low water retention capacity in the widespread sandy soils. In lower geomorphological positions, dry spells of 5-10 days may result in fluctuations of the water table from 0.4-1.0 m (Herrera 1977, Bongers et al. 1985). In areas with a more strongly seasonal climate, roots have been found extending to 18 m depth (Nepstad et al. 1995). This may explain the presence of evergreen forest in the seasonally dry eastern Amazon. Structure and physiognomy of terra firme forests is very similar throughout Amazonia, but floristically it is quite variable due to different compositions in the subbasins of the Amazon’s major tributaries. These subbasins are located within geochemical regions that can be differentiated based on the physicochemical properties of drainage waters (Sioli 1975, Fittkau 1971, Fittkau et al. 1975). Blackwater rivers, such as the Río Negro, drain mostly sandy podsolized soils low in most essential nutrients for plant growth. They are characterized by a high content of humic acids, which remain dissolved because of the predominant low concentrations of polyvalent cations, mainly Ca2+ and Mg2+.
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Haridasan, M. "Nutrient Cycling as a Function of Landscape and Biotic Characteristics in the Cerrados of Central Brazil." In The Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195114317.003.0008.
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The cerrados of central Brazil have long been designated savannas without sufficient understanding of the structure and functioning of the different vegetation forms in the region. Excessive emphasis on identifying similarities with other savannas in Africa and Australia, and even within South America outside Brazil, prevented researchers from recognizing the cerrados’ special features and interdependence among themselves in the landscape where they occur. The more extensive cerrado sensu stricto on dystrophic soils, and to a lesser extent the gallery forests known locally as matas de galeria or matas ciliares, dominated the attention of most botanists and other researchers (Ratter and Dargie 1992, Furley 1992, Furley and Ratter 1988, Furley et al. 1992). Even with increasing interest in biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, very little ongoing research is reported on nutrient cycling from the cerrado region (Solbrig et al. 1996). Information available in the literature is restricted to isolated attempts to describe and quantify specific processes like litterfall and decomposition (Peres et al. 1983), rainwater composition (Schiavini 1983, Delitti 1984), soil fertility gradients (Lopes and Cox 1977), leaf nutrient concentrations (Haridasan 1987, 1992, Araújo and Haridasan 1988), primary productivity of the ground layer (Batmanian and Haridasan 1985, Meirelles and Henrique 1992), effects of burning (Coutinho 1990, Kauffman et al. 1994, Miranda et al. 1996c) and activities of soil fauna (Constantino 1988, Egler and Haridasan 1987, Oliveira Jr. 1985) at specific sites within a particular vegetation. Results of long duration experiments from permanent plots or watersheds are not yet reported in the literature. Very little information is available on the food webs or the role of fauna in nutrient cycling. Research on specific processes like CO2 emission on an ecosystem basis is quite recent (Miranda et al. 1996a, b, Mier et al. 1996). The following discussion is therefore restricted to the occurrence of different vegetation forms in the cerrado region and environmental factors affecting their distribution and functioning in relation to nutrient availability and nutrient cycling processes. One of the difficulties in getting information on research already carried out in Brazil is that the dissertations of graduate students in the universities are seldom published in indexed journals.
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Ulman, Paweł. "Źródła zaspokojenia bieżących potrzeb gospodarstw domowych o niskich dochodach." In Eliminacja wykluczenia społecznego, 145–59. Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/9788374385824.10.
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The problem of low income households in Poland is quite common. As it was shown by Polish CSO extreme poverty (subsistence minimum) affects more than 7 percent of people in Poland, and at the level of the statutory criterion of poverty, nearly 13 percent (average data from the 2013). The interesting research problem is to identify the sources of widely understood income (cash and in kind) and their importance to meet the current needs of households with low incomes in connection with a wide range of extreme poverty arising from low income of households. The aim of the work is to present the results of statisti-cal analysis of the level of income from various sources affecting the ability to satisfy the current needs of the poor households. So it is going to be shown how these households cope with basic needs. The statistical analysis are made on the basis of data published by the CSO and the data from the study “Social Diagnosis”.
Conference papers on the topic "Bassin de Quito"
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Onuoha, K. Mosto, and Chidozie I. Dim. "Prospects and Challenges of Developing Unconventional Petroleum Resources in the Anambra Inland Basin of Nigeria." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2571791-ms.
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ABSTRACT The boom in the development of unconventional petroleum resources, particularly shale gas in the United States of America during the last decade has had far reaching implications for energy markets across the world and particularly for Nigeria, a country that traditionally has been Africa’s leading crude oil producer and exporter. The Cretaceous Anambra Basin is currently the only inland basin in Nigeria where the existence of commercial quantities of oil and gas has been proven (outside the Tertiary Niger Delta Basin). The possibility of similarly finding commercially viable resources of unconventional petroleum resources in the basin appears quite attractive on the basis of the existence of seepages of shale oil and presence of coal-bed methane in some of the coal seams of the Mamu Formation (Lower Coal Measures) in the basin. This paper presents the results of our preliminary assessment of the shale oil and gas resources of the Anambra Basin. Our main objective is to locate the zones of very high quality plays within the basin, focusing on their depositional environments (whether marine or non-marine), areal extent of the target shale formations, gross shale intervals, total organic content, and thermal maturity. Data on the total organic content (TOC %, by weight) and thermal maturity of shales from different wells in the basin show that many of the shales have high TOCs (i.e greater than 2%) comparable to known shale gas and shale oil plays globally. Shale oil seepages are known to occur around Lokpanta in south-eastern Nigeria, but there is a general predominance of gas-prone facies in our inland basins indicating good prospects for finding unconventional petroleum in this and other Nigerian inland sedimentary basins. The main challenge to the exploration of unconventional resources in Nigeria today has to do with the absence of the enabling laws and regulatory framework governing their exploration and subsequent exploitation. The revised Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) currently under consideration in the National Assembly is expected to introduce drastic and lasting changes in the way the petroleum industry business is conducted in the country, but all the provisions of the draft law pertain mainly to conventional oil and gas resources.
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Wilkman, Göran, Guang Li, and Sami Saarinen. "Testing of Northstar Artificial Island in Ice Model Basin." In SNAME 9th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice. SNAME, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2010-158.
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The Northstar man-made island has been on stream for some years (since 2001) already and experienced more frequent and severe storm conditions than initially expected. As a result, its armor slope protection systems required annual maintenance. To study the possibility to improve the durability of the island BP launched a testing programme to compare two different enhanced slope protection systems. In September 2008 altogether three weeks of testing in ice in various ice conditions and island configurations were performed at the Aker Arctic Technology model basin. The tests were quite complicated and time consuming. The paper discusses the test set-up, tests performed and learnings.
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Wilkman, Göran, Ann-Cristin Forsén, and Tom Mattsson. "Latest Development in Ice Model Testing." In SNAME 8th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice. SNAME, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2008-111.
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The next generation ice model testing facility of Aker Arctic Inc. (AARC) was inaugurated in March 2006. The new facility is located in Helsinki at the Vuosaari Marine Business Park, next to the new Helsinki harbour. This facility is the third in the history of Aker Arctic starting in 1969 with Wärtsilä Ice Model Basin (WIMB). Today the new facility has been in operation for two a half years. This period has been still quite a lot of learning and developing practices even the transfer of the ice making happened quite well. The new facility has also opened new possibilities. The paper describes the new facilities and highlights the work done so far. Also among other things the further development possibilities of the AARC FGX model ice is discussed. Making of thick weak ice in the model basin has always been quite a problem. In this respect the enhanced use of AARC FGX ice has given new possibilities in testing. Firstly ice sheets with thickness close to 100 mm were prepared for the new Russian multipurpose icebreaker project to simulate full-scale level ice thickness of 2.85m. Recently model ice with thickness close to 240 mm with flexural strength of 10-20 kPa was manufactured. The paper will discuss also the processes of making these thick/week ice sheets.
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Wang, Yongsheng, Chenqing Tan, Bo Zhu, Yanming Tong, Haifeng Wang, Chuan Wu, Yongcang Dong, and Rong Li. "Seismic Data Processing and Depth Imaging for Yingxionglin Complex Structures-Belt in Qaidam Basin, Tibetan Plateau." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21382-ms.
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Abstract The Yingxionglin structural belt located in the world's highest-altitude petroliferous basin, Qaidam Basin. Due to its complex surface condition, subsurface structure and low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of seismic data, exploration and production is quite challenging. From 2012 to now, we continued developing and improving seismic data processing and interpretation workflow. After several rounds field support and testing, new techniques exploring and velocity modelling iteration, we gradually developed a suitable workflow for complex dipping structure imaging including signal processing, velocity modeling, and depth migration. The quality of final delivered 3D seismic data is significantly improved with the integrated static correction techniques, fidelity multi-domain noise attenuation, 5D MPFI regularization, integrated velocity modelling and final pre-stack depth migration. According to our final deliverables, we identified credible traps and high-production reservoirs were found.
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Skjong, Rolf, and Elzbieta M. Bitner-Gregersen. "Cost Effectiveness of Hull Girder Safety." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28494.
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The paper presents a cost effectiveness assessment of the safety in a design code for oil tankers. The marginal cost to safety improvements is based on code calibration studies for different target reliabilities. This allows basing the actual target reliability indices on risk acceptance criteria derived from cost effectiveness of the marginal change in scantling requirements. This approach is in agreement with the criteria defined in IMO submissions and used in the ongoing IMO coordinated Formal Safety Assessment studies on bulk carriers. The documentation that cost effectiveness criteria may be applied has previously been submitted to IMO. It is concluded that the method works quite well in the examples that are presented, and that the current codes are in close agreement with decision criteria used for other risk control options. As probabilities calculated by structural reliability methods are notional, it is also advantageous to use marginal costs to safety improvement instead of absolute numbers of probabilities as acceptance criterion. It is indicated that a cost effectiveness criterion may replace the current practice of basing target reliabilities on calibration against previous best practices. Although the basic safety philosophy is changed radically, the study does not indicate that the change in criteria would result in much change in design. The advantage of using the suggested approach is the consistency with ongoing FSA development at IMO.
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Titova, S. Y. "THE MODERN TRENDS OF THE KHABAROVSK REGION EXPORTSUPPORT." In New forms of production and entrepreneurship in the coordinates of neo-industrial development of the economy. PD of KSUEL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/978-5-7823-0731-8-2020-119-122.
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The article is devoted to export promotion measures investigation. The most popular measures of export promotion are identified on the basis of exporters’ opinion analysis. They are: industrial fairs participation, providing with market information and financial support. On the basis of international practice analysis the conclusion was made that the structure of popular measures in the region is not quite adequate to contemporary trends. Also main export promotion targets are evaluated.
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Aoki, Yoshio, Akiko Shoji, and O.-Il Byon. "Damage Detection of CFRP Pipes and Ladder Structure by Using Localized Flexibility Method." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/ad-23706.
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Abstract This paper presents modal-based structural damage detection. Specifically, we focus on localized flexibility properties that can be deduced from the experimentally determined global flexibility matrix. We present the underlying theory that can be viewed a generalized flexibility formulation in three different generalized coordinates, viz., localized or substructural displacement-basis, elemental deformation-basis and element strain-basis. Then, the present methods are applied to a CFRP pipes and shells having interior damage and the numerical and experimental results show that the elemental strain-basis method is quite useful for detecting the inside damage of the CFRP filament winding pipes.
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Wang, Jungao, Shixiao Fu, and Rolf Baarholm. "Vortex-Induced Vibration of Steel Catenary Riser Under Vessel Motion." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23584.
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A truncated steel catenary riser (SCR) model was experimentally tested in the ocean basin by oscillating the top end of the model to simulate the heave and surge vessel motion in order to investigate the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) features. Out-of-plane VIV responses were generally analyzed revealing that although the root mean square (RMS) strain distributed rather broadband, the displacement was quite consistent within a narrowband from 0.2D to 0.3D, and the touch-down point (TDP) area was found not to be the place suffering the maximum out-of-plane VIV response due to near wall effects. What’s more, strong wave propagations were firstly reported and summarized as a distinguished feature for VIV of a SCR under vessel motions, and further results reveal that wave propagation during the ‘lift up’ phase was quite different from that during ‘push down’ in terms of both wave speed and ‘power-in’ region location which is assumed to be caused by the tension variation along the model.
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Fu, Shixiao, Jungao Wang, Rolf Baarholm, Jie Wu, and C. M. Larsen. "VIV of Flexible Cylinder in Oscillatory Flow." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10348.
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VIV in oscillatory flow is experimentally investigated in the ocean basin. The flexible test cylinder was forced to harmonically oscillate in various combinations of amplitude and period. VIV responses at cross flow direction are investigated using modal decomposition and wavelet transformation. The results show that VIV in oscillatory flow is quite different from that in steady flow; novel features such as ‘intermittent VIV’, amplitude modulation, mode transition are observed. Moreover, a VIV developing process including “Building-Up”, “Lock-In” and “Dying-Out” in oscillatory flow, is further proposed and analyzed.
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Sass, Laurent, Paul Fisette, and Jean-Claude Samin. "Simulation Projects With a Symbolic Multibody Modeling Software for Students in Belgium and Ecuador." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84323.
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This paper describes a multibody simulation project, developed at the Universite´ Catholique de Louvain and at the Universidad San Fransisco de Quito, as an additional “learning layer” for students in engineering. The projects are all based on the use of a symbolic multibody software for generating the equations of motion of real-world applications (usually vehicles). Pedagogically, the use of such software gives the student the opportunity to focus on more enriching aspects, namely: the analysis of a real-world application, the formulation of consistent hypotheses for the considered system, and the multidisciplinary activity at the basis of a complete simulation project (mechanics, numerical methods, computer science and CAD).
Reports on the topic "Bassin de Quito"
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Baader, Franz, Silvio Ghilardi, and Carsten Lutz. LTL over Description Logic Axioms. Technische Universität Dresden, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.164.
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Most of the research on temporalized Description Logics (DLs) has concentrated on the case where temporal operators can occur within DL concept descriptions. In this setting, reasoning usually becomes quite hard if rigid roles, i.e., roles whose interpretation does not change over time, are available. In this paper, we consider the case where temporal operators are allowed to occur only in front of DL axioms (i.e., ABox assertions and general concept inclusion axioms), but not inside of concepts descriptions. As the temporal component, we use linear temporal logic (LTL) and in the DL component we consider the basic DL ALC. We show that reasoning in the presence of rigid roles becomes considerably simpler in this setting.
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Lutz, Carsten, Carlos Areces, Ian Horrocks, and Ulrike Sattler. Keys, Nominals, and Concrete Domains. Technische Universität Dresden, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.122.
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Many description logics (DLs) combine knowledge representation on an abstract, logical level with an interface to 'concrete' domains such as numbers and strings with built-in predicates such as <, +, and prefix-of. These hybrid DLs have turned out to be quite useful for reasoning about conceptual models of information systems, and as the basis for expressive ontology languages. We propose to further extend such DLs with key constraints that allow the expression of statements like 'US citizens are uniquely identified by their social security number'. Based on this idea, we introduce a number of natural description logics and perform a detailed analysis of their decidability and computational complexity. It turns out that naive extensions with key constraints easily lead to undecidability, whereas more careful extensions yield NEXPTIME-complete DLs for a variety of useful concrete domains.
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Baader, Franz, Stefan Borgwardt, and Barbara Morawska. Computing Minimal EL-Unifiers is Hard. Technische Universität Dresden, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.187.
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Unification has been investigated both in modal logics and in description logics, albeit with different motivations. In description logics, unification can be used to detect redundancies in ontologies. In this context, it is not sufficient to decide unifiability, one must also compute appropriate unifiers and present them to the user. For the description logic EL, which is used to define several large biomedical ontologies, deciding unifiability is an NP-complete problem. It is known that every solvable EL-unification problem has a minimal unifier, and that every minimal unifier is a local unifier. Existing unification algorithms for EL compute all minimal unifiers, but additionally (all or some) non-minimal local unifiers. Computing only the minimal unifiers would be better since there are considerably less minimal unifiers than local ones, and their size is usually also quite small. In this paper we investigate the question whether the known algorithms for EL-unification can be modified such that they compute exactly the minimal unifiers without changing the complexity and the basic nature of the algorithms. Basically, the answer we give to this question is negative.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. KEY IMPRESSIONS OF 2020 IN JOURNALISTIC TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11107.
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The article explores the key vocabulary of 2020 in the network space of Ukraine. Texts of journalistic, official-business style, analytical publications of well-known journalists on current topics are analyzed. Extralinguistic factors of new word formation, their adaptation to the sphere of special and socio-political vocabulary of the Ukrainian language are determined. Examples show modern impressions in the media, their stylistic use and impact on public opinion in a pandemic. New meanings of foreign expressions, media terminology, peculiarities of translation of neologisms from English into Ukrainian have been clarified. According to the materials of the online media, a «dictionary of the coronavirus era» is provided. The journalistic text functions in the media on the basis of logical judgments, credible arguments, impressive language. Its purpose is to show the socio-political problem, to sharpen its significance for society and to propose solutions through convincing considerations. Most researchers emphasize the influential role of journalistic style, which through the media shapes public opinion on issues of politics, economics, education, health care, war, the future of the country. To cover such a wide range of topics, socio-political vocabulary is used first of all – neutral and emotionally-evaluative, rhetorical questions and imperatives, special terminology, foreign words. There is an ongoing discussion in online publications about the use of the new foreign token «lockdown» instead of the word «quarantine», which has long been learned in the Ukrainian language. Research on this topic has shown that at the initial stage of the pandemic, the word «lockdown» prevailed in the colloquial language of politicians, media personalities and part of society did not quite understand its meaning. Lockdown, in its current interpretation, is a restrictive measure to protect people from a dangerous virus that has spread to many countries; isolation of the population («stay in place») in case of risk of spreading Covid-19. In English, US citizens are told what a lockdown is: «A lockdown is a restriction policy for people or communities to stay where they are, usually due to specific risks to themselves or to others if they can move and interact freely. The term «stay-at-home» or «shelter-in-place» is often used for lockdowns that affect an area, rather than specific locations». Content analysis of online texts leads to the conclusion that in 2020 a special vocabulary was actively functioning, with the appropriate definitions, which the media described as a «dictionary of coronavirus vocabulary». Media broadcasting is the deepest and pulsating source of creative texts with new meanings, phrases, expressiveness. The influential power of the word finds its unconditional embodiment in the media. Journalists, bloggers, experts, politicians, analyzing current events, produce concepts of a new reality. The world is changing and the language of the media is responding to these changes. It manifests itself most vividly and emotionally in the network sphere, in various genres and styles.
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An investigation of alternative approaches to contraceptive logistics management at the peripheral level. Population Council, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1995.1001.
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In Bangladesh, contraceptive commodities are received at the peripheral level (thana and below) from thana stores on a monthly basis by using the “pull” system. It is expected that at any point in time a worker or a center at the peripheral level will have a two-to-three-month stock of contraceptives. Many surveys/studies have indicated, however, that stockouts of contraceptives are quite frequent. To investigate an improved system of contraceptive distribution, a three-cell experimental study was undertaken. In the first two cells, contraceptives were delivered following two methods of the “push” system, while in the third cell contraceptives were distributed following the existing system “pull” system. The field experiment lasted for a period of six months. The results of the study are presented in this report.
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Accelerating Digital Payments in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004256.
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Between the first and second quarters of 2020, e-commerce website traffic from five of the regions major markets increased by over 150%. The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed and pulled tens of thousands of businesses in the region to go digital. The impact and advantages of such digitalization are quite telling for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in particular. SMEs in LAC can diversify their customer base and reach 20 foreign markets when operating online, while those that operate offline can only reach from two to five. As todays digital economy becomes the norm, universal basic services such as education and medical care are also taking place online. Digital payments are critical to enabling this transformation at both domestic and cross-border levels. But many challenges still exist that preclude the broadening of digital payment use throughout the region from a lack of access, regulatory harmonization and affordable payment solutions, to a need for further public and private sector cooperation, consumer protections and an open, inclusive and interoperable payment ecosystem. In 2021, the World Economic Forum and the innovation laboratory of the Inter-American Development Bank, IDB Lab, jointly launched the Payments to Advance Growth for All (PAGA) initiative to address these challenges. This initiative has convened a diverse community of over 100 public and private sector representatives to explore, through dialogue, how to best unlock the true benefits of digital payments in LAC. As digital payments continue to thrive and drive financial inclusion and economic growth, we hope this paper will provide a timely snapshot of the most pressing issues and highlight the importance of public-private and private-private cooperation to advance digital payments for all in an open, inclusive and safe manner. * The opinions expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IDB, its Board of Directors or the countries they represent, nor of the MIF (IDB Lab) Donors Committee or the countries it represents.