Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Basse densité'
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Jacobs, Carolyn. "Etude du rayonnement d'un écoulement hypersonique à basse densité." Phd thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677439.
Full textPicard, Sylvie. "Oxydation des lipoprotéines de basse densité : effets de l'aminoguanidine." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T023.
Full textDarrigrand, Thierry. "Fractionnement du polyéthylène basse densité relations structure/ propriétés - structure / procédés." Pau, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PAUU1007.
Full textShaker, Ramin, and Ramin Shaker. "Rotomoulage d'élastomères thermoplastiques à base de polyéthylène de basse densité et de caoutochouc naturel recyclé." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38277.
Full textCe travail porte sur la production d’élastomères thermoplastiques basés sur un polymère thermoplastique (le polyéthylène de basse densité, LDPE) et un caoutchouc naturel (NR) recyclé provenant de pneus usés (ground tire rubber : GTR). Les échantillons ont été moulés par rotomoulage en utilisant deux méthodes de mélange : à l'état fondu par une extrudeuse bi-vis et par un mélange à sec en utilisant un mélangeur haute intensité afin de comparer l’effet du cisaillement et de l’histoire thermo-mécanique sur les propriétés mécaniques et physiques des composés. De plus, deux types de caoutchouc naturel recyclé ont été utilisés. Le premier est une matière recyclée provenant directement des pneus hors-route (off-the-road, OTR) par réduction de taille et le second est le même matériel ayant subi un procédé de régénération à l’échelle industrielle. Dans chaque cas, trois concentrations de caoutchouc ont été utilisées (20, 35 et 50% en poids) pour comparer avec les propriétés de la matrice seule (0%). Le travail a permis de déterminer l’effet des paramètres de mise en oeuvre comme le temps de chauffage, la température du four, le rapport de vitesse et la taille des particules pour optimiser le procédé rotomoulage. À partir des échantillons obtenus, une caractérisation morphologique (microscopie), physique (densité et dureté) et mécanique (tension, flexion et impact) a été effectuée. Les résultats ont montré que l'augmentation de la concentration en caoutchouc diminuait la rigidité et la résistance mécanique, mais augmentait l'élasticité et la ductilité. Finalement, bien que le mélange à l'état fondu a donné des propriétés légèrement supérieures au mélange à sec, ce dernier est intéressant afin de limiter la dégradation thermo-mécanique et oxydative des matériaux tout en réduisant les coûts et le temps de fabrication.
This project focuses on the production and characterization of thermoplastic elastomers, based on a thermoplastic polymer (low density polyethylene, LDPE) and recycled natural rubber (NR), obtained from ground tire rubber (GTR). The samples were rotomolded by two blending techniques: melt blending by twin-screw extrusion, and dry blending using a high speed mixer to study the effect of shear and thermo-mechanical history on the physical and mechanical properties of the compounds. Also, two types of recycled natural rubber were used in this study. The first one is a recycled material, obtained from off-the-road (OTR) tires after size reduction. On other hand, the second one is the same material which underwent a regeneration process at industrial scale. In each case, three rubber concentrations (20, 35, 50 wt.%) were used to compare with the properties of the neat polymer. In addition, the effect of several parameters such as: heating time, oven temperature, speed ratio of the rotating arms, and particle size is studied to optimize the rotomolding process. Then, from the samples produced, morphological (optical and scanning electron microscopy), physical (density and hardness) and mechanical (tension, flexion and impact) characterizations were performed. Based on the results obtained, it was shown that increasing the rubber concentration led to lower rigidity and mechanical strength, but higher elasticity and ductility. Finally, although the melt blending method provides better properties than the dry blending one, the latter is interesting to limit the thermo-mechanical and oxidative degradation of the materials, as well as reducing the costs and manufacturing time.
This project focuses on the production and characterization of thermoplastic elastomers, based on a thermoplastic polymer (low density polyethylene, LDPE) and recycled natural rubber (NR), obtained from ground tire rubber (GTR). The samples were rotomolded by two blending techniques: melt blending by twin-screw extrusion, and dry blending using a high speed mixer to study the effect of shear and thermo-mechanical history on the physical and mechanical properties of the compounds. Also, two types of recycled natural rubber were used in this study. The first one is a recycled material, obtained from off-the-road (OTR) tires after size reduction. On other hand, the second one is the same material which underwent a regeneration process at industrial scale. In each case, three rubber concentrations (20, 35, 50 wt.%) were used to compare with the properties of the neat polymer. In addition, the effect of several parameters such as: heating time, oven temperature, speed ratio of the rotating arms, and particle size is studied to optimize the rotomolding process. Then, from the samples produced, morphological (optical and scanning electron microscopy), physical (density and hardness) and mechanical (tension, flexion and impact) characterizations were performed. Based on the results obtained, it was shown that increasing the rubber concentration led to lower rigidity and mechanical strength, but higher elasticity and ductility. Finally, although the melt blending method provides better properties than the dry blending one, the latter is interesting to limit the thermo-mechanical and oxidative degradation of the materials, as well as reducing the costs and manufacturing time.
Stanescu, Paul. "Architecture et comportement viscoélastique à l'état fondu de polyéthylènes basse densité." Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STET4003.
Full textLow density polyethylene (LDPE) is one of the synthetic polymers most used and the prediction of its rheological behavior is an industrial stake. The difficulty lies in the complex architecture of the molecules. The number, the size and the position of the branches are random and these parameters have major effects on the rheological behavior. This work shows that the real structure of LDPE can be sketched by an irregular Cayley tree. The structural parameters can be determined from SEC measurements and from the kinetics of free radical polymerization. Based on this picture of the molecules, a molecular model is proposed to describe the dynamics of the LDPE in the case of a monodisperse samples and polydisperse samples. The linear viscoelastic behavior of our LDPE was correctly predicted. The strong link between structure and rheology enables to solve the inverse problem. Linear viscoelastic data contain all the structural information. The use of the molecular model and an algorithm of minimization leads to an average structural picture of the molecules very close to that obtained by SEC. This average structure was transformed into "pom-pom" structures that were used in an "pom-pom" multimode constitutive equation. The calculated transient viscosity of our LDPE agrees with experimental measurements both in shear and uniaxial elongational flow
Peiti, Christian. "Modification des propriétés rhéologiques des polymères branchés par traitement thermomécanique : application aux défauts d'extrusion des PEBD." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00820611.
Full textDelattre, Sophie. "Étude clinique, biologique et cellulaire de différents cas d'hypercholestérolémie." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10006.
Full textHuntosova, Veronika. "Vectorization of hypericin with low-density lipoproteins : dynamic studies of the complex and consequences on its intracellular distribution and photo induced activity." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066290.
Full textPerrois, Frédéric. "Réactivité de segments artériels humains "in vitro" : effet des lipoprotéines de basse densité." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P182.
Full textPerez, Jean-Philippe. "Caractérisation de photodétecteurs quantiques d'ondes refroidis à base de Hg0. 7Cd0. 3Te : Etude du bruit électrique basse fréquence à l'obscurité et sous flux infrarouge." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20062.
Full textErmak, Natalia. "Implication de la mitochondrie dans l’apoptose des monocytes sous l’action des LDL oxydées." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA114806.
Full textThis study investigated the proapoptotic effects of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), which plays a key role in atherogenesis, on monocytes-macrophages and on U937 monocytic cell line. We compared the apoptotic mechanism involved in monocytes in presence of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) obtained after treatment with hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or copper (Cu). Both types of oxLDL induced U937 apoptotic cell death via the mitochondrial pathway. In contrast to HOCl-oxLDL, Cu-oxLDL induced apoptosis via a caspase-independent mechanism, with no activation of pro-caspase-3, but via the release of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria. The apoptotic program of the monocyte differs depending on the mode of LDL oxidation, based on differences in the oxidatively modified components of the two oxLDL types
Augé, Nathalie. "Effets des lipoprotéines de basse densité oxydées sur les cellules musculaires lisses en culture." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30254.
Full textRaoul, Jérôme. "Utilisation d'un panel SNPs très basse densité dans les populations en sélection de petits ruminants." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0128/document.
Full textBreeding programs aim to transfer high genetic value breeding stock to the industry. The knowledge of molecular markers of individual’s genome and causal mutations allow to conceive new breeding program designs. Based on deterministic and stochastic simulations, the technical and economic benefits of using a very low density molecular markers panel were assessed in sheep and goat populations. Following results were obtained: i) using such a panel to increase female paternal filiations in case of incomplete pedigree is not always profitable, ii) a method of optimization has been used to derive the maximal profits of managing ovulation genes, and practical management giving profits close to the maximal profits have been determined, iii) at similar cost, a genomic design based on a very low density panel is more efficient than the current design based on progeny testing
Ogreten, Dogan. "Transitions et propriétés mécaniques de films de polyéthylène basse densité linéaire pour ballons stratosphériques ouverts." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30074.
Full textThe CNES uses Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) films of about 25 microns of thickness. We have defined the different structural entities found in the material and identified the temperatures associated with the different transitions of LLDPE. We have also explained its mechanical behavior at molecular level. Our study shows the existence of three non-crystalline phases. By order of increasing temperatures, we find an amorphous phase made of physical defaults, an amorphous phase made of chemical defaults and a para-crystalline phase. We have established the thermodynamical parameters associated with the transitions of those phases. We have studied the effect of the synthesis protocol used as well as the effect of the film processing. We show that the control of the Short Chain Branching Distribution is the guiding effect that will determine the properties of LLDPE through the morphology of the amorphous phases
Goerbig, Mark Oliver. "Etude théorique des phases de densité inhomogène dans les systèmes à effet Hall quantique." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112109.
Full textThe issue of this thesis is the study of the different electron-solid and quantum-liquid phases, which are found in two-dimensional electron systems under a perpendicular magnetic field. The formation of these phases is due to the strong Coulomb repulsion between the electrons of a partially filled Landau level. The energy calculations of the thesis allow one to understand recent experimental investigations, which have revealed a non-monotonic behaviour of the transverse (Hall) resistance. This effect is due to multiple first-order transitions between the competing phases. The derivation of a model of interacting composite fermions - the quasiparticles responsible for the fractional quantum Hall effect - furthermore allows for the study of new phases, which occur at high magnetic fields. Most saliently, a recently observed fractional quantum Hall effect at unusual values of the field has been identified as the manifestation of a second generation of composite fermions
Pontou-Lombard, Elise. "Evaluation du statut oxydatif et inflammatoire : développement analytique et application en biologie clinique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20705.
Full textHigh-density lipoproteins (HDLs) have cardiovascular benefits. One of the mechanisms involves the inhibition by HDLs of the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in endothelial cells. We examined the effects of either the apolipoprotein A-I and the anionic peptide factor (APF) in the presence or absence of phosphatidylcholines (PCs), or the free PCs, on the expression of VCAM-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The HUVEC were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α or the calcium bound to heparin. The main result indicates that APF administrated at physiological concentration in the lipid-free form or into apolipoprotein/PCs complexes appears as a relevant factor involved in the inhibition of VCAM-1 expression. Our study provides a perspective of an antiatherogenic strategy, through the expansion of the APF-enriched HDL in order to alleviate the inflammatory process. To evaluate the status of oxidative stress in patients, we aimed to developp a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure serum HNE, MDA and Hexanal-modified albumin, and to test different commercial kits. Reproducible standard curves were obtained but assays with serum of patients have not been completed due to an inhibitory effect on the reaction by serum. We show that oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) antibodies and matrix Gla protein in clinical cardiovascular disease give diverging results. Comparative studies of the different kit assays of oxLDL are needed to assess which oxidation-specific epitopes are most predictive of cardiovascular disease. Peroxides, paraoxonase 1 activity (PON1) and the fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte plasmic membrane phospholipids appear as a relevant biological markers to evaluate oxidative stress. We believe that this work will be helpful for the assessment of oxidative stress in patients, and that biomarkers like PON1 and peroxides could be integrated into routine clinical laboratory analyses
Chancharme, Laurent. "Hétérogénéité des LDL et stress oxydant : stabilité des hydroperoxydes lipidiques et induction de la mort cellulaire." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P604.
Full textLDL play a key role during the formation and the progression of atherosclerotic lesions, more parti ularly after they undergo oxidative modifications. Moreover, LDL are present in a continuum spectrum of paricles which display differences in their physico-chemical properties and their atherogenicity, as demonstrated by the correlation between a high level of small dense LDL and an increased cardiovascular risk. In our studies, we noticed that, during oxidative modifications of LDL subfractions from normolipidemic subjects (NL), lipid hydroperoxides formed in dense LDL have a lower stability as compared to those formed in intermediate LDL. .
Audouin, Corinne. "Dérivés de la N-amino indoline potentiellement actifs dans le traitement ou la prévention de l'athérosclérose, de la resténose et de l'asthme." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10042.
Full textArsenault, Benoit. "Obésité viscérale, taille des particules LDL et profil inflammatoire athérogène." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18830.
Full textSamadi-Baboli, Mehdi. "Utilisation des lipoprotéines de basse densité (LDL) comme vecteurs des médicaments anticancéreux : application aux dérivés d'ellipticines." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30215.
Full textOziol, Lucie. "Effet des hormones thyroi͏̈diennes et d'analogues structuraux sur l'oxydation des lipoprotéines de basse densité in vitro." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOPE02.
Full textDurance, Loïc. "Développement d'une méthode de stérilisation par la chaleur de solutions injectables conditionnées en polyéthylène basse densité." Amiens, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AMIED003.
Full textThe solutions for injection are usually packaged in glass flasks and sterilised by moist steam. Is the current tendency to substitute glass by the plastic because it reduce the obstruction of conditioning while increasing its shock-proofness and allows a board elimination of the wastes by incineration. Only some plastics meet both public health regulations and ecological requirements. Among them, low density polyethylene (LDPE) offers various advantages. It possesses virtually no additive, which limits the interaction hazards between plastic and chemical substances used in injection preparations. Its destruction does not bring chlorine-containing waste or other toxic matter into the atmosphere. Moreover, it is fully adapted to the various manufacturing technologies for large-scale production as the blow-fill-an-seal. However, the temperature value admitted for sterilisation is 121°C, whereas LDPE exhibits a melting point at about 117°C. Therfore, we have developped an alternative cycle of sterilisation based on F0 concept at a temperature lower than 121°C and such as it respected the LDPE containers integrity. The efficiency on the micro-organisms destruction have been calculated aid of stocks spores of Bacillus Stearothermophilus introduced into the recipients which contained water for injection as base solution. The sterilised products have been followed throughout this period. The information obtained by this work have the aim of documenting a manufacturing authorization file about products for injection for its recording with the benefit of a pharmaceutical industry of Amiens
Elchebly, Mounib. "Transfert des lipides entre les lipoprotéines, chez les diabétiques non insulino-dépendants : influence des protéines de transfert et des propriétés physico-chimiques des lipoprotéines." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T025.
Full textMurr, Jihad. "Évaluation de l'association entre les concentrations plasmatiques des lipoprotéines de faible densité oxydées et le risque de maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28206/28206.pdf.
Full textHogue, Jean-Charles. "Contribution de la protéine de transfert des esters de cholestérol à l'hétérogénéité des particules LDL dans l'hypercholestérolémie familiale hétérozygote." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21837/21837.pdf.
Full textThe main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between CETP and LDL particle heterogeneity in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. The results of this study suggest that the LDL peak particle diameter was smaller in familial hypercholesterolemia than in controls. Furthermore, the results suggest that several factors are implicated in the LDL particle heterogeneity and that some of them are associated with familial hypercholesterolemia, such as the plasma CETP concentration. This study suggest that increased plasma CETP concentration could lead to significant LDL particle remodeling in familial hypercholesterolemia and could contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in these patients.
Torres, Rasgado Enrique. "Nitration de la Tyrosine dans l’albumine et les lipoprotéines." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30046.
Full textWe studied the albumin (Alb) effect on the mild nitration of the LDL-Alb complex (LAC), naturally present in plasma, by a generator of ONOO- in the presence of HCO3- by means of a GC-MS procedure. In our hand the Tyr-nitration rate (3-NO2-Tyr/Tyr) was 4,4 x 10-3 mol/mol in albumin alone. Added non-nitrated albumin decreased the Tyr-nitration rate of LAC from 2,5 x 10-3 to 0,6 x 10-3 mol/mol. We then addressed the question of the reversibility of the Tyr nitration. We found out that a nitratase activity against nitrated albumin occurs in LAC and HDL. Reaction products were 1 Tyr residue for 1 NO3- anion. The nitratase activity is borne by a specific protein structure. It was inhibited by LDL- and HDL γ-tocopherol, by ellagic acid (EA), present in berries and some drinks, and by its methylated metabolite, 3,3' OMAE. These results put forward a new concept on the role of nitration
Dachet, Christiane. "Mode d'action d'un médicament hypolipidémiant , le Probucol : transport et catabolisme des LDL, modifications des propriétés physico-chimiques des lipoprotéines plasmatiques." Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120055.
Full textPruneta, Valérie. "Mise en évidence de nouvelles fonctions de la lipoprotéine lipase liée aux lipoprotéines de très basse densité." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T083.
Full textTakahashi, Noboru. "Étude de la modification des propriétés superficielles du polyéthylène basse densité dans l'air activé par décharge couronne." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112073.
Full textSebaa, Mohamed. "Vieillissement naturel et artificiel de films en polyéthylène basse densité (PEbd) utilisés comme couvertures de serres agricoles." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10615.
Full textFratini, Simone. "Cristallisation des polarons à basse densité et transition isolant-métal : effets des interactions coulombiennes à longue portée." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10057.
Full textRobbesyn, Fanny. "Effet protecteur des lipoprotéines de haute densité contre la signalisation des lipoprotéines de basse densité oxydées : étude du facteur de transcription Nuclear Factor-kappaB et du récepteur à l'epidermal growth factor." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30083.
Full textPonty, Emmanuelle. "Marquage des lipoprotéines de basse densité par le technetium-99m : étude de la biodistribution par analyse de l'image scintigraphique chez la souris porteuse de mélanome B16, de la fixation tumorale, de la cinétique et de la dosimétrie des lipoprotéines marquées." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30148.
Full textBencharif, Djemil. "Intérêt des lipoprotéines à faible densité (ldl) du jaune d’œuf de poule dans la congélation et la réfrigération du sperme canin." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S004.
Full textThe Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) is responsible for the cryoprotectant effect of the egg yolk (ey). A diluent with 6% LDL, gives after freeze-thaw process, twice more mobile spermatozoa compared to the ey. The glutamine (Glut) + 6% LDL was studied during freeze-thaw process of the canine semen. 6% LDL + 20 mmol Glut which gives the best percentage of motility compared to 6% LDL alone and ey. The in vitro tests of the sperm fertility were carried out to evaluate the quality of sperm in the different media: 6% LDL + 20 mmol Glut, 6% LDL alone and the ey: Hypo-osmotic, FITC/PSA, Orange acridine and the SPERMAC® for the description of normal spermatozoa. 6% LDL + 20 mmol of Glut was tested in the refrigeration of the sperm compared to the ey. 6% LDL + 20 mmol of Glut is better than ey since 100% of the éjaculats were preserved 4 days and 50% during 7 days. The interest to centrifuged or not the semen and the addition of glycerol before refrigeration. If the semen is contaminated by the uretral and prostatic phases, the centrifugation is necessary. The addition of glycerol has a fatal effect on the refrigeration of the dog semen
Dumont, Geneviève. "Étude de la composition des particules des lipoprotéines de faible densité et des déterminants de leur taille." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25376/25376.pdf.
Full textDubrocq-Baritaud, Claire. "Mécanismes d'action de "Polymer Processing Aids" fluorés durant l'extrusion d'un polyéthylène basse densité linéaire : études expérimentales et interprétations." Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00375970/en/.
Full textRacine, Annie. "Étude des systèmes de transport en commun en basse densité, le cas de la grande région de Montréal." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0015/MQ57424.pdf.
Full textFadel-Khadra, Maha. "Contribution à l'étude de la peroxydabilité des lipides des lipoprotéines de basse densité, LDL, et des membranes érythrocytaires." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114839.
Full textLandais, Cécile. "Mesure in vitro de l'oxydabilité des lipoprotéines de basse densité : étude prospective d'une population de 48 sujets hypertendus." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2M124.
Full textBonneau, Christine. "Effet des lipoprotéines de basse densité sur la migration et le métabolisme oxydatif du polynucléaire neutrophile humain "in vitro"." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA114836.
Full textJuompan, Laure. "Etude des interactions "lipoprotéines de basse densité/système immunitaire" : sur la fonction tueuse naturelle et au cours du sida." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30204.
Full textLe, Guillou Jocya. "Lipoprotéines de basse densité extraites de jaune d'oeuf et structures biomimétiques : rôle dans le mécanisme de cryoconservation des spermatozoïdes." Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2014. http://kentika.oniris-nantes.fr/ListRecordVisio.htm?idlist=1&record=19308075124911262579.
Full textLavrskyi, Mykola. "Modélisation en fonctionnelle de la densité atomique des transformations de phases dans le système Fe-C à basse température." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR003/document.
Full textThis thesis examines the formation of martensite in Fe-Ni-C steels and the diffusion of carbonatoms in this phase at low temperatures. To achieve this goal the atomistic modeling have beenused. To describe these phenomena two different approaches were developed: a discretemodel based on the Atomic Density Function (ADF) theory and the quasiparticle approachesbased on the Atomic Fraton Theory (AFT). First, the AFT was tested to model a self-assemblykinetics of initially disordered systems to three different classes of ordered one: singlecomponent crystals with fcc and diamond structures, two component crystals with zinc-blendstructure, and polymers with single-strand and double-stranded helixes structures. Then thisapproach was applied to model austenite/martensite transformation. It was shown thatmartensite nucleus grows as multivariant aggregate in austenite matrix. Using pole figures andsimulated diffraction patterns these variants were identified and compared with the experimentaldata. The carbon diffusion in martensite phase was studied using ADF theory. Two systemswith the different elastic properties corresponding to the Fe-C and Fe-Ni-C systems wereconsidered. It was shown that during a first stage of aging the carbon atoms undergo a spinodaldecomposition on the octahedral interstices of bcc lattice and form the carbon-rich zones. Then"tweed-like" morphology of carbon-rich zones is developed. The simulations results are a goodagreement with experimental images obtained by atom probe tomography. The relationbetween Zener ordering and the concentration of carbon reach zones is discussed
Côté, Claude. "Impact des désordres métaboliques et rôle de l'inflammation dans la physiopathologie de la sténose aortique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25707/25707.pdf.
Full textKourimate, Sanae. "Pcsk9 : régulation et implication dans le syndrome métabolique." Nantes, 2008. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=4ac185ba-f999-45ff-9241-4278a9699b5c.
Full textProprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a member of the serine protease family. Gain of function mutations within PCSK9 are associated with dominant forms of familial hypercholesterolemia. Inversely, humans harbouring loss of function mutations have a significant plasma LDLc reduction and a 88% decrease of the risk of coronary heart disease. In the endoplasmic reticulum Pro-PCSK9 undergoes an autocalytique clivage that is crucial for its secretion. Then, this secreted protein binds to the EGF-A domain of the LDLR and targets it to the lysosomes rather than to the cell surface. Both PCSK9 and the LDLR are up-regulated by statins via SREBP2. Using PCSK9 inhibitors may optimize the effects of this hypocholesterolemic drug. The first aim of my thesis was to investigate in vitro the mechanisms of PCSK9 repression by the fibrates which are PPARα synthetic agonists. Activation of PPARα down-regulates PCSK9 transcription at the promoter level and increase the expression of two others Proprotein convertases: furin and PC5/6A which are known to degrade PCSK9. Fibrates counteracts PCSK9 induction by statins and amplifies the effects of this hypocholesterolemic drugs on the LDLR acitivity. The second part of my studies was based on measuring the endogenous cleavage activity of PCSK9, using a fluorogenic peptide corresponding to the cleavage site of Pro-PCSK9. After validation of the specificity of this assay on mice primary hepatocytes from PCSK9-/-, I applied it to the test of several PCSK9 variants. The final part of my studies dealt about the characterisation of PCSK9 expression in diabetic and insulin resistant animal models. PCSK9 is an attractive therapeutic target for lowering plasma LDLc levels. This study clearly showed that PCSK9 transcriptional inhibition by fibrates might be envisaged in combination with statins. However, in vivo, in humans, the fibrates are rather known for their hypotriglyceridemic properties. The limited effect of fibrates on lowering LDLc might be explained by a counteracting pathway. Identifying this pathway is one of the promising perspectives of this thesis
Thébault-Leborgne, Ludmila. "Analyse expérimentale d'un plasma d'argon supersonique, turbulent, basse pression." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES058.
Full textTravert, Carine. "Rôle du cholestérol et de ses dérivés oxygénés dans la stéroi͏̈dogenèse leydigienne du rat mature." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2014.
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