Journal articles on the topic 'Basque language – Political aspects'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Basque language – Political aspects.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Basque language – Political aspects.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ciordia, Alejandro. "LESS DIVIDED AFTER ETA? THE EVOLUTION OF IDEOLOGICAL CLEAVAGES IN THE BASQUE ENVIRONMENTAL FIELD, 2007–2017." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 217–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-26-2-217.
Full textAbstract:
The Basque Country has traditionally been considered a strongly polarized political community. The influence of the center-periphery cleavage and the shadow of political violence have conditioned many aspects of social life, including relations among civic organizations. Previous literature suggests that differences in organizations’ national identities and/or position towards ETA’s (Euskadi ta Askatasuna, or Basque Country and Freedom in the Basque language) violence have often acted as cleavages fragmenting collective action fields. This research examines whether this picture changed substantially after ETA’s abandonment of violence in 2011 by taking the environmental field as a case study and looking at the evolution of patterns of interorganizational collaboration between 2007 and 2017. The results of statistical network analyses show that both Basque nationalism and ideological positions towards ETA’s use of violence had a strong influence on organizations’ decisions to collaborate with one another up to 2011, whereas during the more recent postconflict period, collaboration seems to occur in a more pluralistic and less ideologically driven fashion.
2
Artetxe Sanchez, Karmele. "Las escuelas de barriada de Bizkaia (1920-1937). Revisión y nuevos datos." Historia y Memoria de la Educación, no. 12 (May 27, 2020): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/hme.12.2020.25320.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this article is to review the existing historiography on the Escuelas de Barriada (Rural Schools of Bizkaia Province, Basque Country), created and promoted by the Provincial Council of Bizkaia between 1920-1937, giving nuance to certain issues and providing new data on four aspects. The first of these is the question of instructional language. The use of Basque in the classroom was progressively reduced in favor of Spanish almost from the first moment and did not provoke opposition from teachers, even though many of them were Basque nationalists. Secondly, we provide an analysis of the initial curriculum, which presented a more pedagogical rather than ideological approach, oriented towards a teaching style that was more comprehensive than memory-based. This was especially appreciable in the areas of mathematics and geometry, where exclusionary political indoctrination was avoided, with content referring to both Basque and Spanish identity. Thirdly, we analyse the alleged use of books containing Basque nationalist political content in these schools, of which we have found no evidence. And finally, we offer an overview of the type of teachers that worked in these schools, including an analysis of their ideological profile: more than 90% of the faculty was composed of women, generally young, single, Basque-speaking, Catholic and ideologically sympathetic to Basque nationalism . The research focuses on the 1920-1930 period, when the Provincial Council of Bizkaia was governed by Monarchists and when the Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera began. This was the period when the original pro-Basque project of these schools was transformed. Some data and questions about the later era are also presented.
3
Grad Fuchsel, Hector, and Luisa Martín Rojo. "“Civic” and “ethnic” nationalist discourses in Spanish parliamentary debates." Journal of Language and Politics 2, no. 1 (December 31, 2002): 31–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.2.1.04gra.
Full textAbstract:
Parliamentary debates on the definition of the nation-state and national identities are a very revealing discursive domain of tracing the cues of the social construction of this category. Integrating social-psychological and discourse analyses, this article studies how Spanish nationalism interacts with the most influential regional (Catalonian and Basque) nationalisms in the Spanish Parliament in Madrid, and in the regional Parliaments of Catalonia and the Basque Country. The study is based on a two-dimensional framework, which characterises nationalist cultures in terms of their Institutional Status (“established” vs. “rising” nationalism), and in terms of the Basic Assumptions (“civic” vs. “ethnic” aspects in the social representation of the nation — Smith, 19986, 1991). According to the conceptual framework, each of these nationalisms represents a different combination of “established” (Spanish) or “rising” (Basque and Catalonian) Institutional Status as well as of “civic” (in Catalonia) or “ethnic” (Spanish and the Basque) Basic Assumptions (Grad, 1999). The study shows that, in these parliamentary contexts, the Institutional Status and the Basic Assumptions not only configure different nationalist positions, but also configure distinct “discursive formations” — reflected in interactional dynamics (of inclusion vs. exclusion, compatibility vs. incompatibility, and consensus vs. conflict relations) — between the different national projects and identities. These discourses belong to an “enunciative system” including systematic subject (the dominant national identity), system of references (or referential) terms to denote national categories or supra-regional — Spain, Spanish State, Basque Country, Catalonia — that serve to distinguish between national in-group and out-group, and clearly differ in extent and connotations in established and rising national codes), as well as associated fields (more ascriptive membership criteria, rigid group boundaries, requirement of internal homogeneity, restrictive referent and extension of the “us” in the ethnic than in civic codes), and materiality (strategies of discursive polarisation, especially salient in the Basque Country parliamentary discourse, which both indicate less compatibility between identities and aim to delegitimise dissent with regard to national referents and goals). Finally, in parliaments where ethnic codes are confronted (Spanish and Basque) politeness is impaired, there is a higher degree of controversy, and the strategies of delegitimisation constitute strong face-threatening acts which endanger the “tacit contract” of the parliamentary interactions. In this regard, ethnic centralist and independentist political positions make harder the compatibility between national identities than civic regional-nationalist and federal proposals. Recent confrontations between Spanish and Basque national positions seem to confirm the patterns found in this analysis.
4
Felipe, Joaquim Espinós. "LA POESIA HISPÀNICA DE POSTGUERRA COM A POLISISTEMA." Catalan Review 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.20.6.
Full textAbstract:
The diverse literary expressions comprised in the concept “Hispanic literature” —Catalan, Castilian, and Basque as well as the literature from Galicia— form a polysystem of great hermeneutical possibilities, according to the model proposed by Itamar Even-Zohar. A common historic and institutional context gives cohesion to this polysystem, but the existence of particular national traditions introduces differences within it. The study that we present in this article centers on a precise time and genre —post Civil War poetry— and should be considered as another aspect of this vast analytic territory, which could be extended to other periods and other genres. The Castilian system has been at the center of the polysystem, due in large part to political factors. In the 1960s Castilian hegemony gives rise to a form of polycentrism that would have its most innovative and dynamic foci in Castilian and Catalan literatures respectively. The symbolism-realism dialectic —inherited from the pre-War time— extends across the entire period. Francoist refression produced a politicization of literary creation that subordinated forma aspects to the will to denounce. The realist repertoire, which except for the Basque system manifested mainly in exile, is the principal cohesive factor of the Hispanic systems. When this closed code automates itself in the 1960s, codes that had been marginalized will emerge.
5
Camino, Iñaki. "On continental Basque dialects and some aspects of their chronology." Dialectologia et Geolinguistica 29, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 107–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dialect-2021-0007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the innovations of the Basque in the Salazar Valley, which is located in northeastern Navarre, and compare them with those of the Continental Basque Country in order to try to obtain chronological and geolinguistic information on the innovations of the wide eastern Basque Country. To achieve my purpose, I drew upon descriptions of the Basque dialect spoken in the Salazar Valley. This study analyzed texts dating from the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries from the Continental Basque Country as well as samples from the last two centuries from the Navarrese Pyrenees. The data collected from this region were examined with regard to the behavior of the isoglosses within the Continental Basque Country in earlier stages. I examined innovations with particular attention to what geographical diffusion model they showed and how far they spread. In addition, I analyzed what isogloss boundaries are recurrent and what innovations were transferred from the Pyrenees toward Navarre. I found that the Basque spoken in Lower Navarre has undergone change that has spread toward Labourd. Regarding contact with other dialects, it shares features with Labourdin to the west, and with Souletin to the east. On the assumption that Lower Navarre and Labourd have recently converged, a future hypothesis to test would be whether Lower Navarre merged with Soule in earlier stages.
6
Mann, Lawrence D. "Political aspects of planning the Basque coastal megalopolis." Ekistics and The New Habitat 70, no. 420/421 (August 1, 2003): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200370420/421286.
Full textAbstract:
The author is Professor Emeritus of Planning and of Geography & Regional Development as well as of Public Policy and Administration, University of Arizona and formerly Chair of the Planning Program. Previously, he was professor and chairman in these fields at Harvard University and Rutgers University. He has been Visiting Professor at five Latin American universities, in a faculty career that dates back to 1961. Since 1999 he has spent several months each year conducting research on Basque planning, from a base in Biarritz, France. His editorial experience includes ten years as Book Review Editor of the Journal of the American Institute of Planners, Journal of the American Planning Association and Compiling Editor of Ekistics. He has been active in professional planning practice, both in the United States and internationally and is former national Chairman of the American Institute of Certified Planners. He was elected Fellow of the American Institute of Certified Planners in 2001 and has been a member of the World Society for Ekistics since 1975. Mann is an extensively published scholar in Planning and related fields, including ten monographs, several times that many articles and chapters, and an even greater number of book reviews in the professional literature. He holds a doctorate in Planning (Harvard) and did postgraduate work at London School of Economics & Political Science. He is fluent in French and Spanish.
7
ECHEVERRIA, BEGOÑA. "Language ideologies and practices in (en)gendering the Basque nation." Language in Society 32, no. 3 (June 2003): 383–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404503323048.
Full textAbstract:
This article argues that an androcentric Basque nationalist pedagogy is enacted in secondary schools in San Sebastian (Donostia), Spain. Textbooks present men as the exemplary Basque speakers and cultural agents by erasing women's contributions to Basque language and culture. Schools also contribute to a recursive language ideology, linking “authentic” ethnic identity, “naturalness,” and solidarity with vernacular Basque, of which the most pragmatically salient marker is the familiar form of address hi. Hi, in turn, indirectly indexes male speakers and masculinity, thereby creating an iconic relationship between authentic Basque identity, Basque culture, and masculinity. However, many women in Basque society have challenged this male privilege in various domains, thereby opening up the possibility of a Basque nation that embraces its female as well as its male members. As such, the Basque case has interesting implications for theorizing the relationships among language, gender, and nation.
8
Gonzalez-Dios, Itziar, and Begoña Altuna. "Natural Language Processing and Language Technologies for the Basque Language." Cuadernos Europeos de Deusto, no. 04 (July 22, 2022): 203–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/ced.2477.
Full textAbstract:
The presence of a language in the digital domain is crucial for its survival, as online communication and digital language resources have become the standard in the last decades and will gain more importance in the coming years. In order to develop advanced systems that are considered the basics for an efficient digital communication (e.g. machine translation systems, text-to-speech and speech-to-text converters and digital assistants), it is necessary to digitalise linguistic resources and create tools. In the case of Basque, scholars have studied the creation of digital linguistic resources and the tools that allow the development of those systems for the last forty years. In this paper, we present an overview of the natural language processing and language technology resources developed for Basque, their impact in the process of making Basque a “digital language” and the applications and challenges in multilingual communication. More precisely, we present the well-known products for Basque, the basic tools and the resources that are behind the products we use every day. Likewise, we would like that this survey serves as a guide for other minority languages that are making their way to digitalisation.
Recibido: 05 abril 2022Aceptado: 20 mayo 2022
9
Chesnokova, Olga, and Liana Dzhishkariani. "Value Dominants of Basque Mentality in the Contemporary Media in Spain." Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism 8, no. 4 (October 26, 2019): 800–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-6203.2019.8(4).800-815.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses and interprets the Basque mentality values and their evidence in the contemporary political discourse and media. An important task of communication science and medialinguistics is the study of pragma-linguistic properties of media texts and their impact on the audience. The contemporary Spanish media feature an impressive range of sources representing and interpreting the multicultural and multi-ethnic situation in Spain, as well as ongoing socio-political and socio-economic changes. Together with the Spanish language being the official state language, the Catalan, the Galician and the Basque have been established co-official languages by the Spanish Constitution. Basque Autonomous Community, or the Basque Country, is one of the most prosperous and steadily developing Autonomous Communities of Spain, which affects the socio-political situation in the region and the discourse of political parties. A vast majority of Basque people are bilingual. The hypothesis of this study states that the contemporary reality of the Basque Country finds its reflection in value dominants of the discourse of political parties of the Basque Country. This discourse is objectified by the Mass Media rhetoric, studying which the authors determine and discuss the value dominants of Basque linguistic culture, their linguo-pragmatic features and their use in the media language, as well as their lexical, semantic, morphological and syntactic features. All this builds up the topicality of the research into pragma-linguistic parameters of media texts and mechanisms of their impact on the audience. The authors infer that the media rhetoric includes onomastic dominants (naming units of Spanish Basque Country and French Basque Country and their paraphrases, of Spain, Basque people, and the Basque language), and keywords of the Basque mentality introduced into a Spanish text in Basque. Moreover, being integral components of the discourse of political parties in the Basque Country, these linguistic means acquire and realize their cultural and symbolic potential, and reflect the mentality, values, and traditions of Basques in the modern Basque and Spanish media.
10
Dronova, S. Yu. "Basque in the Spanish Newspaper Discourse as an Instrument for Maintaining Political Identity." Humanities and Social Sciences. Bulletin of the Financial University 10, no. 4 (November 3, 2020): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2226-7867-2020-10-4-118-124.
Full textAbstract:
This article deals with the use of words in the language of Basques in Spanish-language print media. The research hypothesis was as follows: the use of Basque in the Spanish newspaper discourse has a political background and is directly related to the political course and aspirations of the Basque authorities. In the research, the authors used the historical method. It allowed considering the importance of the language of Basques for the nationalist struggle of the region since the end of the 19th century. The method of content analysis allowed identifying Basque words which are most frequently used in Spanish newspapers. It allowed the application of the method of quantitative analysis of the use of these words in selected publications for all the time of existence of the electronic archive. The author found the method of comparative analysis of the data obtained and the method of interrogation through questionnaires. As a result of the research, the author revealed that all the Basque words which are most often used in Spanish newspapers are related to politics and can be translated into Spanish without loss of meaning. According to the public opinion survey, the Basque words in Spanish newspapers create a sense of uniqueness of political phenomena occurring in the Basque Country, which contributes to strengthening the image of the isolation of the region. It is one of the political goals of the leadership of the Basque Country — the recognition of the Basques as a nation equally with the Spanish nation, as well as the establishment of special partnership and relations between the region and Spain. The image of the unique Basque nation can contribute to the realisation of the old dream of Basque nationalists —the unification of the Basque Land (Basque Country, part of Navarra and French Iparralde) on a national basis.
11
Llanos-Antczak, Anna. "Wyniki wyborów do parlamentu regionalnego i Kortezów Generalnych w Kraju Basków jako odzwierciedlenie panujących tam tendencji nacjonalistycznych." Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne 73, no. 1 (2022): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/athena.2022.73.01.
Full textAbstract:
Basque nationalism is a multifaceted and complex issue in which many aspects overlap, but much can be deduced from the political sympathies expressed by the inhabitants of the Basque Country during the elections to both the regional parliament and the Cortes Generales. The political parties’ programs are also a good source of knowledge. The aim of the article is to outline the programs of the Basque main political parties and the results of parliamentary elections as two important determinants for the analysis of nationalist tendencies in this autonomous community. The article provides an analysis of the political origins of Basque nationalism and also focuses on the PNV party as the leading political force for moderate nationalism. The last part concerns the socio-political moods at the end of the second decade of the 21st century in the Basque Country.
12
Krajewska, Dorota. "Resultatives in Basque: A Diachronic Study." Lingua Posnaniensis 54, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10122-012-0014-0.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Dorota Krajewska. Resultatives in Basque: A Diachronic Study. Lingua Posnaniensis, vol. LIV (2)/2012. The Poznań Society for the Advancement of the Arts and Sciences. PL ISSN 0079-4740, ISBN 978-83-7654-252-2, pp. 55-67. This paper deals with several aspects of the diachrony of Basque resultative constructions. In present day Basque, resultatives can be used with perfect-like meaning. The goal of this paper has been thus to study the development of the non-resultative uses of resultative constructions. To this end, the diathesis types of resultative and the meanings the construction may convey are studied in a corpus of 17th to 20th century texts. It has been found that in the time span covered by the study, new diathesis types are introduced and two new meanings develop: perfect and experiential.
13
ZAWISZEWSKI, ADAM, EVA GUTIÉRREZ, BEATRIZ FERNÁNDEZ, and ITZIAR LAKA. "Language distance and non-native syntactic processing: Evidence from event-related potentials." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 14, no. 3 (November 15, 2010): 400–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728910000350.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, we explore native and non-native syntactic processing, paying special attention to the language distance factor. To this end, we compared how native speakers of Basque and highly proficient non-native speakers of Basque who are native speakers of Spanish process certain core aspects of Basque syntax. Our results suggest that differences in native versus non-native language processing strongly correlate with language distance: native/non-native processing differences obtain if a syntactic parameter of the non-native grammar diverges from the native grammar. Otherwise, non-native processing will approximate native processing as levels of proficiency increase. We focus on three syntactic parameters: (i) the head parameter, (ii) argument alignment (ergative/accusative), and (iii) verb agreement. The first two diverge in Basque and Spanish, but the third is the same in both languages. Our results reveal that native and non-native processing differs for the diverging syntactic parameters, but not for the convergent one. These findings indicate that language distance has a significant impact in non-native language processing.
14
Barambones, Josu, Raquel Merino, and Ibon Uribarri. "Audiovisual Translation in the Basque Country: The Case of Basque Television-Euskal Telebista (ETB)." Broadcasting with Intent 57, no. 2 (February 4, 2013): 408–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1013953ar.
Full textAbstract:
Recent historical translation research done on Basque state-owned television shows that while the Basque-speaking channel has used dubbed translation of children’s programmes to promote and standardize the use of Basque, the Spanish-speaking channel has competed in the wider market of Spanish broadcasting channels with fiction for adults. The choice of products to be broadcast for diverse target audiences clearly reflects a diglossic situation in terms of language distribution but it also serves to illustrate government language planning policies. Since Basque television is controlled by political instances (power), manipulation and ideology clearly have an influence both selecting the programmes and controlling the type of (Basque) language used when translating and dubbing imported products.
15
Beck, Jan Mansvelt, and Jan D. Markusse. "Basque Violence: a Reappraisal of Culturalist Explanations." European Journal of Sociology 49, no. 1 (April 2008): 91–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975608000040.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractDavid Laitin has explained the occurrence of Basque and Georgian nationalist violence as the outcome of language revival in a bilingual setting and a specific locale. Based on game theory, he has suggested that violence, as a rational nationalist strategy, will increasingly be used if specific thresholds levels in language choice for education are met. A critical reappraisal of his approach is made in which the conceptual and methodological limits to the empirical testing are highlighted. Subsequently, an extensive dataset of Basque municipalities in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country is used to statistically verify Laitin’s model by multivariate analysis. In some areas of the Basque Country Laitin’s model seems to fit while in others not. With the help of both quantitative and qualitative data, alternative explanations for Basque ethnic violence are explored.
16
Kovalchuk, M. "Basque separatism vs Catalan independence movement: socio-cultural aspects." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2019-1-33-38.
Full textAbstract:
The current situation in Spain is characterized by the confrontation of two movements known as «independence movement» and «separatism». Both the Basque region and Catalonia have their own language, culture and a long history of the development of isolation tendencies. However, the objectives and the ways to achieve them have been different for a long time. In order to preserve the sociocultural unity of Spain it is necessary to eliminate the factors that that prevent people from finding the solution to the conflict, and the most important thing is to initiate dialogue, reach a compromise and be ready to stand by the words. It is difficult to imagine that any part will be separated from Spain from the economic point of view and, above all, socio-cultural, because the majority of Spanish population considers Spain as a strong and united State.
17
Watson, Cameron. "Folklore and Basque Nationalism: Language, Myth, Reality." Nations and Nationalism 2, no. 1 (March 1996): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1354-5078.1996.00017.x.
Full text
18
AGIRREAZKUENAGA ZIGORRAGA, IÑAKI, and EUNATE PRIETO ETXANO. "EUSKARA ERABILTZEKO EUSKALDUNON ESKUBIDEA: EUSKAL AUTONOMIA ERKIDEGOAN, NAFARROAN ETA IPAR EUSKAL HERRIA." RVAP 83, no. 83 (April 1, 2009): 15–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.83.2009.01.
Full textAbstract:
¿Cuál es la realidad de los derechos lingüísticos de quienes quieren
utilizar el euskera en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco, en la Comunidad
Foral de Navarra y en el País Vasco francés? Es evidente que los efectos jurídicos del
reconocimiento como oficial o no del euskera en cada uno de los territorios de Euskal
Herria, lleva aparejado un estatus distinto de los derechos lingüísticos de que
gozan los ciudadanos en el uso del euskera y en su incorporación al ámbito educativo
obligatorio. En el presente trabajo se analiza todo ello, desde el examen de la
realidad de los datos sociolingüísticos y la normativa jurídica aplicable. Zein tzuk dira euskaldunen hizkun tza-eskubideak, Euskal Autonomia
Erkidegoan, Nafarroan eta Ipar Euskal Herrian? Agerikoa da, Euskal Herriko
lurralde bakoi tzean, euskara ofizial tzat aitor tzearen ala ez aitor tzearen ondorio juridikoak,
biztanleen hizkun tza-eskubideen estatus ezberdina dakarrela euskararen
erabileran eta derrigorrezko hezkuntza-esparruan. Lan honetan hori guztia aztertzen
da, datu soziolinguistikoek erakusten diguten errealitatetik abiatuz eta ezargarria
den araudia ikertuz. Which is the real situation of the linguistic rights of those who want
to use the Basque language in the Autonomous Region of the Basque Country, Navarre
and the Northern Basque Country? It¿s clear that the legal effects of recognising
¿or not recognising¿ Basque as an official language in each of the territories of
the Basque Country will have a different impact on the status of the language rights
that the citizens will be able to enjoy, both in terms of the use of the language, as
well as the consequent inclusion of Basque as a subject in the mandatory education.
This essay will analyse all these aspects, based on the study of sociolinguistic
data and the current law.
19
Pérez-Agote, Alfonso. "The Role of Religion in the Definition of a Symbolic Conflict. Religion and the Basque Problem." Social Compass 33, no. 4 (November 1986): 419–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003776868603300406.
Full textAbstract:
Le conflit symbolique et politique entre le Pays Basque et 1'Etat Espagnol est loin d'être résolu. Pendant la période fran quiste, un processus d'extension (dans différents secteurs géogra phiques et sociaux) et de radicalisation politique de la conscience nationaliste s'est produit. Ce que signifie une perte progressive de la légitimation politique de I'Etat à rintérieur du Pays Basque. Dans cet article, l'auteur analyse les différents aspects du rôle joué par la religion et l'Eglise catholiques dans ce processus.
20
Mirgos, Katarzyna. "Goazen mendira! (Let’s go to the mountains!). Hill walking and Basque identity." Review of Nationalities 9, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pn-2019-0006.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe aim of this article is to discuss the ideological function of mountain landscape in the Basque nationalism and the importance of sport, especially mountain sports and activities, in the process of creating, reproducing and transmitting Basque identity. It includes an outline of the history of the Basque presence in the mountains, as well as the political dimension of hiking in the mountains and conquering mountain peaks. The question of the relationship between language, identity and the lifestyle of the individual and the family is analyzed, too. The text concludes that a mountain was an important space for celebration of Basque identity and even sometimes is considered the symbol of the Basque culture. The article is based on the author’s field research in the Basque Autonomous Community (observations, interviews, analysis of documents). This study advances our understanding of the nature of Basque nationalism and identity.
21
Azkarate, Agustín. "Reflexiones sobre arqueología, lingüística e iglesias rupestres de época tardoantigua / Considerations on archaeology, linguistics and rock churches of Late Antiquity." Anuario del Seminario de Filología Vasca "Julio de Urquijo" 52, no. 1/2 (January 8, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/asju.20199.
Full textAbstract:
Late Antiquity is one of the most debated periods in the history of Wasconia. This text deals with some of these debates: the original or late-adopted condition of the Basque language in the current territories of the Basque Country, the historical interpretations of the custom of depositing grave goods, or the chronology of the rock churches of southern Álava. The idea of Basque territories as frontier spaces is highlighted, understood as an unstable and permeable area of human mobility; as a space for negotiation, alliance, exchange; as a liminal place between cultures and political powers; as «margins» whose signifying quality is their political, anthropological, cultural or linguistic creativity.
22
Korta, Kepa, and Larraitz Zubeldia. "The evidential and doxastic dimensions of the Basque particle bide." Evidentiality and the Semantics-Pragmatics Interface 29 (December 31, 2015): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.29.02kor.
Full textAbstract:
Two kinds of meanings are usually associated to the Basque particle bide.1 On the one hand, it has been taken to point to the indirect nature of the speaker’s evidence for the truth of the proposition put forward. According to this view, it would be a sort of inferential particle. On the other hand, bide has been associated to the expression of a certain degree of belief or certainty on the truth of the proposition. This double dimension of bide resembles various aspects of the meaning and use of another Basque particle – omen. The morpho-syntactic behaviour of these two particles is practically identical, and their semantics and pragmatics invite a close comparison. Thus, starting from our conclusions regarding omen, we explore the similarities and differences between both particles. We find two main differences. First, bide encodes a doxastic dimension that is absent from the semantic meaning of omen. And, second, bide can be taken to be an illocutionary force indicator that does not contribute to the proposition expressed, while omen does contribute to the truth-conditions of the utterance.
23
Criado, Henar, Francisco Herreros, Luis Miller, and Paloma Ubeda. "Ethnicity and Trust: A Multifactorial Experiment." Political Studies 63, no. 1_suppl (November 10, 2014): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.12168.
Full textAbstract:
This article reports the results of an online experiment conducted in two ethnically fragmented societies in Spain: the Basque Country and Catalonia. It tests the effect of co-ethnicity on trust and reciprocity. Ethnicity was manipulated in the experimental context using three ethnic attributes: ancestors' origin, language and name. Additionally, the article reports a comparison of general levels of trust in the two regions. No co-ethnicity effect on trust is found, but there is significantly more reciprocal behaviour between Catalan speakers in Catalonia. Higher levels of trust and reciprocity are found in the more homogeneous society of the Basque Country. The lack of co-ethnicity effect on trust is especially significant given that the Basque Country has experienced decades of terrorism along ethnic lines.
24
Martínez Areta, Mikel. "Towards a History of Basque Anthroponymy." Anuario del Seminario de Filología Vasca "Julio de Urquijo" 50, no. 1/2 (September 13, 2021): 301–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/asju.22867.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, a short history of Basque anthroponymy is made, starting from Antiquity and going through the Roman period, the Middle Ages, the Modern Age and the Contemporary Age. For each of these periods, the stock of the most frequent person names is presented, by synthesizing a variety of works by other authors, who in turn depend on the kind of sources that we have for each period. As in other parts of Europe, an autochthonous repertoire of anthroponyms dominates until the 11th century, either of Aquitanian/Basque etymology or borrowed (mainly from Romance), but deep-rooted in the Basque-speaking areas and particularly in the Kingdom of Pamplona. From the 11th century, the centralizing reforms undertaken by the Catholic Church brought about a gradual substitution of those ancient person names by some others taken from saints, evangelists, characters of the New Testament, a tendency brought to the extreme by the previsions fostered by the Council of Trent. However, as any other European language, Basque developed vernacular versions of these names, as well as an ample array of hypocoristic variants, in which the autochtonous processes of the language such as suffixation, palatalization, etc., are profusely employed. As against some previous accounts of Basque anthroponymy, which have focused exclusively on the analysis of separate anthroponymic units (basically idionyms and patronyms), this paper aims at a global description of the anthroponymic system, considering also social aspects like the development of naming structures as a whole (e.g. idionym + patronym + toponym), and the motivation for giving children particular names (according to relatives, ancestors, patron saints, calendars…).
25
Epshteyn, V. A., P. V. Menshikov, A. S. Vilchinskii, and V. S. Novikova. "On the issue of the administrative and legal methodology used by the Kingdom of Spain to counter the nationalist and separatist aspirations of the Basque country." Journal of Law and Administration 15, no. 4 (January 30, 2020): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2019-4-53-100-109.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The article is devoted to the instruments used by the Spanish Kingdom in administrative and legal spheres to counter nationalist and separatist aspirations of the Basque Country throughout different historic periods. Special attention is paid to the confrontation with the Basque terrorist organization ETA. In addition, the research analyzes what caused ETA to emerge, underscores the major stages of its evolution, and discusses cross-border aspects of bilateral cooperation between Spain and France under the aegis of the supra-national specialized organization of Europol. The administrative and legal instruments used by Spain are distinguished in context of the analysis of the prospects for the applying of modern political and legal toolkit in the regional policy that is often contrary to the interests of the modern centralized state. The research pays attention to the administrative measures that led to ETA crisis and its further collapse.Material and methods. The paper uses the methodology of a retrospective analysis and content-analysis to characterize the shifts in the principles of Spanish administrative and territorial tools and their influence on the nature of the Basque nationalism. The Constitution of 1977 and the Statute of autonomy of the Basque Country are considered.Results. The paper sums up all the major shifts in the Spanish practice in the usage of administrative and political measures to combat the Basque separatist aspirations, evaluates their efficiency and outlines current obstacles towards the way of the establishment of a new bilateral dialogue with Madrid.Conclusion. The first part of this article points out the growth of nationalist and separatist aspirations in the Basque Country and shows how political systems (absolute monarchy, republic, authoritarian governance, constitutional monarchy) lead to the application of new administrative and legal instruments that affect the Basque nationalist aspirations. The second part focuses on the current state of relations between the region and the central government.
26
Tsymbalova, Anna. "Overview of Modern Foreign Publications on the Evacuation of Basque Children to the Great Britain in 1937 During the Civil War in Spain." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 4 (September 2022): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.4.22.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The historic episode of the evacuation of 4,000 Basque children to Great Britain after the bombing of Guernica was a striking and dramatic event in the Spanish Civil War. Despite a forty-year period of oblivion, since the 1980s after Spain’s transition to democracy, there has been a surge in interest in this topic, which has not subsided in foreign studies until this moment. Methods and materials. This article uses a problematic approach to select the most interesting and relevant research on such a specific topic as the evacuation of Basque children to Great Britain in May 1937. Moreover, such general scientific theoretical methods as: analysis, comparison, generalization and forecasting are used. Analysis. In the course of the analysis, the article investigates both the main directions of modern research on this topic and the approaches on which these publications are based. The most interesting author’s conclusions and ideas are considered, a comparative analysis of publications is carried out, and promising topics for future research are proposed. Results. One of the characteristic features of modern publications on the evacuation of Basque children to the UK is their emphasis on the psychological component and cognitive aspects, but each publication does this differently. The authors pay great attention to the issue of identity and find many interesting explanations why, in the end, the self-designation of oneself as “Basque children” played a key role in the formation and maintenance of collective identity. All publications to one degree or another touch upon such an aspect as the formation of a sacrificial image of Basque children in the media, which pursued certain political goals.
27
SAFRAN, WILLIAM. "INTRODUCTION: THE POLITICAL ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE." Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 10, no. 1 (January 2004): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537110490450746.
Full text
28
Goirigolzarri Garaizar, Jone, and Xabier Landabidea Urresti. "Conflicting discourses on language rights in the Basque Autonomous Community." Language Policy 19, no. 4 (November 19, 2019): 505–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10993-019-09534-z.
Full text
29
Ruiz-Vieytez, Eduardo J. "Regional Citizenship and the Evolution of Basque Immigration and Integration Policies." European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online 13, no. 1 (May 22, 2016): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117_01301005.
Full textAbstract:
Immigration policies are of great significance for minority nations, like the Basque Country. Basque nationalism is inclusive and civic; through regional institutions, it has created an informal citizenship with a strong social foundation. This regional citizenship, despite some limitations on regional powers, embraces immigrants by offering social rights to all in order to promote integration in a Basque nation in which identities are not clearly defined. From a technical and legal perspective, there is no specific or separate regional citizenship that could be created by regional institutions in the Basque Country. From a political perspective, however, the principle of inclusive citizenship incorporated by regional policies has played a significant role in the integration process. This trend is similar to the situation in Scotland although it differs slightly from the cases of Catalonia and Quebec, nations in which language is a strong marker of identity.
30
Tolosa, Egoitz, Montes Aitor, Bidane Petralanda, and Ekaitz Agirregoitia. "Empowering minorities. Pathways for basque language integration in a bilingual setting." International Journal of Integrated Care 17, no. 5 (October 17, 2017): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.3689.
Full text
31
Berdote Alonso, Esther, Pauli Davila Balsera, and Luis Maria Naya Garmendia. "La renovación pedagógica y el Concilio Vaticano II: el caso de La Salle y las Vedrunas en el País Vasco." Social and Education History 4, no. 3 (October 22, 2015): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/hse.2015.1748.
Full textAbstract:
The Second Vatican Council influenced on the apostolate of most of the religious orders and congregations devoted to education. The need to adequate themselves to the new educational statements that were promoted through the Council Documents will bring about significant changes in their pedagogical premises. The aim of this article is to show how this process was managed by two well-known religious congregations in the Basque Country: De La Salle Brothers and the Vedruna Sisters. To analyse this case, we have used primary sources from the archives of both congregations where the process of accommodation to Vatican II is brought to light. In conclusion, it can be highlighted that an internal renovation happened according to the religious premises, and some pedagogical renewal aspects took place concerning the importance of the Basque language and culture, teacher training, and the option for the poor.
32
Lasagabaster, David. "Attitudes Towards English in the Basque Autonomous Community." World Englishes 22, no. 4 (November 2003): 585–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2003.00325.x.
Full text
33
Zabaltza, Xabier. "Pizkunde: los «renacimientos» de la lengua vasca." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 11, no. 11 (June 11, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.11.12586.
Full textAbstract:
Resumen: En este trabajo se cuestionan el concepto y la cronología tradicional del Pizkunde, el «renacimiento» de la identidad vasca en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. En realidad, antes de la aparición del nacionalismo, en los países vascos existieron dos «renacimientos» distintos, que solo tuvieron relación puntual entre ellos. El primero, de signo culturalista y en vascuence, fundamentalmente al norte de los Pirineos. El segundo, más político y fundamentalmente en castellano, al sur. El nacionalismo vasco procede mucho más de este que de aquel. Además, en la Vasconia meridional las reivindicaciones culturales son, en gran parte, consecuencia y no causa de las reivindicaciones políticas.
Palabras clave: lengua vasca, «renacimiento» literario, fuerismo, culturalismo, nacionalismo
Abstract: In this paper the concept and the traditional chronology of the Pizkunde, the «revival» of Basque identity in the second half of the 19th century, are questioned. In fact, before the emergence of nationalism, in the Basque countries there were two different «revivals», which only occasionally crossed paths. The first, which was culturalist and expressed in Basque, mostly to the north of the Pyrenees; the second, more political and mostly in Spanish, to the south. Basque nationalism has derived much more from the latter than from the former. In addition to this, in Southern Basqueland, cultural claims are largely a consequence and not a cause of political demands.
Keywords: Basque language, literary «revival», «fuerism», culturalism, nationalism.
34
Pomares, Egoitz. "Regional Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: The case of the Basque Country." European Public & Social Innovation Review 7, no. 1 (July 29, 2022): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31637/epsir.22-1.3.
Full textAbstract:
By using the concept of regional entrepreneurial ecosystems, the article analyses the case of the Basque Country (Spain). Specifically, the paper focuses on the analysis of two ecosystems: machine tool and smart mobility. While the former serves as a reference of a consolidated ecosystem, the latter represents an incipient and emerging activity in the region. Based on qualitative methodologies and stakeholder’s participation it presents a description of each of the ecosystems described focusing on socio-economic aspects in a context of digital transformation. In addition, the article includes some policy implications and conclusions that can contribute to ecosystem development. In particular, the ability to extract knowledge that can be transferred from one ecosystem to another.
35
Cullen, Niall. "“No Time for Love”: Radical Basque Nationalist-Irish Republican Relations and the Emergence of a Shared Political Culture (1981–98)." Araucaria, no. 50 (2022): 229–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/araucaria.2022.i50.10.
Full textAbstract:
Following the deaths of ten Irish republican hunger strikers in 1981, radical Basque nationalists and Irish republicans of the Basque izquierda abertzale (‘patriotic left’) and Irish republican movement respectively, began to develop ever closer ties of transnational “solidarity”. In addition to the relationship between Herri Batasuna and Sinn Féin, more ad hoc organisational links in areas such as youth, prisoner, and language advocacy, fostered a shared political culture at the intersection of both movements, which was periodically reflected through the prism of cultural expression (e.g., music, political art [murals], literature, audiovisual media). Utilising a wide array of primary sources, this article explores and analyses the emergence and development of this transnational nexus, from the hunger strikes of 1981 to the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998.
36
Lasagabaster, David. "Erratum: Attitudes Towards English in the Basque Autonomous Community." World Englishes 23, no. 1 (February 2004): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2004.00346.x.
Full text
37
Thouverez, Ludivine. "Mémoire graphique et conflit: La violence de l’ETA dans le neuvième art." Todas as Artes Revista Luso-Brasileira de Artes e Cultura 3, no. 3 (2020): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21843805/tav3n3a2.
Full textAbstract:
After 40 years of violence and a thousand deaths, Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) accepted a political and democratic solution to the Basque conflict in 2011. Nine years on, the main questions that remain to be solved are first, the status of ETA prisoners and second, the question of the memory of the conflict. This last question has not only invaded the political and media space, but also that of literary, cinematographic and artistic creation, such as comics. Thanks to the theories developed by McCloud (1994) and Groensteen (2011) about comics’ language and Catalá Carrasco, Drinot & Scorer (2019) or Delorme (2019) about comics and memory, this article analyses the representation of the violence in the Basque Country in four comics and shows that the armed conflict has morphed into a memory conflict.
38
Moser, Maiia. "Functional Aspects of Language Games in Political Discourse." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 44 (December 15, 2021): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2021.44.173-179.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyzes various aspects of communication in political discourse. One of its major arguments says that politicians who disrespect major rules of communication violate the basic principles of interaction, namely in that they introduce their own new patterns of language games. Adequate principles of interaction are an indispensable requirement for political discourse as such in that they guarantee efficient communication and help avoid conflicts. Such principles are based on general rules of communication. The article underlines the importance of a structual logical chain of political communiction along the following lines: intention – strategy – tactic – means of realization. In general, human beings acquire languages according to basic linguistic forms and models. Тhe Austrian philosopher L. Wittgenstein introduced the term “language game”. In a similar vein, the Swiss linguist F. de Saussure established a link between language and the sphere of games in that he compared the systems of natural languages to the rules of chess. The language games of political discourse are represented by imperative intentions, emotive senses and various means of the manipulative use of linguistic units; they usually focus on factors of impact. The article discusses the intentions of language games as a point of activization of cognitive and communicative activities for the achievement of goals related to strategies and tactics of politicians. The nature of these intentions exerts impact on the realization of the linguo-pragmatic potential of the functions of perlocutionary linguistic acts (requests, orders, etc.). The perlocutionary functions of language are the basis of political manipulation which manifests itself as a systematic combination of traditional political instruments with contemporary communicative approaches to various aspects of the manipulative impact on political consciousness and behavior. Average citizens who react to political discourse automatically take part in broader intellectual and communivative activities; they also demonstrate their own participation in political processes. Therefore political discourse has an impact on the formation and development of civic society and its relations to the state. As a rule, politicians develop their communicative strategies along programs and platforms that are designed for central subjects of the political process (the government, political parties and leaders). This limited circle of addressees causes a certain lack of efficiency that should be corrected inasmuch as the ultimate goal of any communicative strategy should be a certain change of the addressee’s worldviews. Political tactic is an important component of political communicative technologies. Political communicative activities include various aspects of tactical measures and methods that start on a local level and go viral according to strategically devised lines. In this setting, specific political texts with their particular pragmatic implications appear to be units of political discourse with their own semiotic structure. Politicians create messages based on their world views and ideologies. The role of the addressee should be understood as a priority in political communicative acts that are usually characterized by polemics, a high degree of axiology and persuasiveness. The article focusses on linguistic tools that politicians use in order to manipulate the electorate. To influence the electorate, politicians use manipulative linguistic items on the lexical, idiomatic and metaphorical level. In political discourse, such linguistic items often turn into stereotypical linguistic tools of particular politicians that leave their mark on the electorate’s ideas of their values and beliefs. The article emphasizes the importance of the use of “strong” linguistic items that help create, in the best case, an image of the politician that includes humoristic associations with his or her individual professional language.
39
Heidemann, Kai. "the View from Below: Exploring the Interface of Europeanization and Basque Language Activism in France." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 17, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 195–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.17.2.1443224g539v6377.
Full textAbstract:
This article explores how Basque language activists in France have evaluated and engaged with European-level minority language policies in relative terms of "opportunity." Focusing upon the social construction of political opportunity from below, I consider how actors affiliated with a community-based schooling initiative cultivated a strategic stance toward the Council of Europe's Charter for Regional or Minority Languages between 1997 and 2007. Drawing upon qualitative case study data, I show how activist stances toward the European Charter were both motivated and minimized by their institutional containment within the French national state and the educational sector more specifically. The article contributes to scholarship by shedding microsociological light on the ways in which grassroots actors experience the intersection between national and supranational political processes in Europe. The article also contributes to the study of ethnic mobilization in Europe by shedding light on the underexamined field of linguistic-rights activism in education.
40
Baxter, Robert Neal. "Juzgar un libro por su cubierta: un enfoque paratraductológico de la traducción del Manifiesto Comunista a las lenguas minoritarias del Estado Español." TRANS. Revista de Traductología, no. 24 (December 22, 2020): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/trans.2020.v0i24.7559.
Full textAbstract:
This paper traces the history of the Asturian, Basque, Catalan and Galician translations of the Communist Manifesto, emphasising the role played by translation in its spread. The paper applies the concept of paratranslation to the wide array of translations in these languages to determine their underlying function. The results distinguish between several functions, ranging from political, commemorative and historical to academic and didactic editions. The paper concludes that, while all of the translations derive from the same original source text, they do not all perform the same function, rendering them not only autonomous of each other but also of the source text itself.
41
Belova, Gabriela, and Gergana Georgieva. "Legal, Political and Security aspects of the Pandemic Language." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 27, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2021-0056.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract From spring onwards 2020 has been irrevocably interwoven with words such as “pandemic”, “emergency”, “crisis”, “urgent measures”, etc. The usage of the pandemic language to describe the outbreak of COVID-19 derives from the etymologies of these words. However, it could also be rooted in political motives. There are instances of how specific terms could be mobilized to support policy aims. This is the main reason why more attention should be paid to the strength of the language used and more awareness of the usage of particular terms within a political and security context. It could be considered necessary to take extraordinary “urgent” measures to save lives as a result of a global “pandemic”, but at the same time, it is vital to be careful how exactly these terms are used to justify political principles, which were in operation even before the outbreak of COVID-19.
42
Martínez-Adrián, María, and Izaskun Arratibel-Irazusta. "The interface between task-modality and the use of previously known languages in young CLIL English learners." Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 473–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2020.10.3.4.
Full textAbstract:
This article contributes to the scarcity of research on the interface between task-modality and the use of previously known languages (PKL) in young learners. It examines the use of Basque/Spanish by CLIL learners (aged 10-11) during oral interaction while completing two collaborative tasks in English: a speaking task and a speaking + writing task. Findings indicate that these learners are extensive users of their PKL. Task-modality is particularly evident in the case of amount of PKL use, as a higher number of PKL turns are obtained in the speaking + writing task. However, task-modality has a limited effect on the functions of PKL, which contrasts with previous studies with adults. Despite the extensive use of their PKL, these young and low-proficient learners employ them as cognitive tools that facilitate the organization of the tasks, the co-construction of meaning and the attention to formal aspects of language such as mechanics.
43
Wilson, John. "Metalinguistic Negation and Textual Aspects of Political Discourse." Political Linguistics 11 (December 31, 1997): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.11.05wil.
Full text
44
MALYGINA, ELENA V., and ANNA M. IVANOVA. "SOCIOLINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF POLITICAL CORRECTNESS IN ENGLISH." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 3 (2021): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2021_7_3_140_148.
Full textAbstract:
The paper examines the issue of political correct (PC) language as deeply rooted in a set of values and beliefs of the Anglo-American democratic ideology. The review of foreign and Russian-language literature enables to specify key cultural prerequisites of the PC phenomenon and shed light on the current state of the problem. We aimed to use a number of examples from academic literature to describe the factors contributing to the popularity of politically correct vocabulary in all spheres of public communication with the focus on different approaches to the euphemistic nature of PC expressions. Empirical research methods were used including targeted selection of theoretical information on the studied issue and practical language material to study the controversial issue of interpretation and rereading of canonical texts through the lens of political correctness. The conclusion was made that classical and academic literature should not be subjected to the current PC rhetoric and ideology.
45
Del Mar Llera, Maria. "Pragmatic approaches to intercultural ethics: The basis for fostering communication among nationalist groups." Sign Systems Studies 31, no. 1 (December 31, 2003): 239–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2003.31.1.10.
Full textAbstract:
This research is part of a more extensive programme that deals with intercultural ethics from different perspectives. All of them share a common inspiration sprung from UNESCO’s Intercultural Ethics Project. The main goal of this paper consists in offering pragmatic/theoretical tools in order to analyse a cultural and political issue which is currently very important in Spain: the confrontation between those promoting Spanish national culture and those promoting the Basque one. I approach this confrontation in terms of discursive praxis, reaching the conclusion that only if both groups are capable of self-understanding will they be capable of reciprocal-understanding, and only then will it be possible to maintain peace in our country.
46
Lorenzoni, Anna, Mikel Santesteban, Francesca Peressotti, Cristina Baus, and Eduardo Navarrete. "Dimensions of social categorization: Inside the role of language." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): e0254513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254513.
Full textAbstract:
The present pre-registration aims to investigate the role of language as a dimension of social categorization. Our critical aim is to investigate whether language can be used as a dimension of social categorization even when the languages coexist within the same sociolinguistic group, as is the case in bilingual communities where two languages are used in daily social interactions. We will use the memory confusion paradigm (also known as the Who said what? task). In the first part of the task, i.e. encoding, participants will be presented with a face (i.e. speaker) and will listen to an auditory sentence. Two languages will be used, with half of the faces always associated with one language and the other half with the other language. In the second phase, i.e. recognition, all the faces will be presented on the screen and participants will decide which face uttered which sentence in the encoding phase. Based on previous literature, we expect that participants will be more likely to confuse faces from within the same language category than from the other language category. Participants will be bilingual individuals of two bilingual communities, the Basque Country (Spain) and Veneto (Italy). The two languages of these communities will be used, Spanish and Basque (Study 1), and Italian and Venetian dialect (Study 2). Furthermore, we will explore whether the amount of daily exposure to the two languages modulates the effect of language as a social categorization cue. This research will allow us to test whether bilingual people use language to categorize individuals belonging to the same sociolinguistic community based on the language these individuals are speaking. Our findings may have relevant political and social implications for linguistic policies in bilingual communities.
47
Carlin, Patrick. "Doing As They Are Told? Subregional Language Policies in the Basque Country, Catalonia and Wales." Regional & Federal Studies 23, no. 1 (March 2013): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2012.754355.
Full text
48
Conversi, Daniele. "Language or race?: The choice of core values in the development of Catalan and Basque nationalisms." Ethnic and Racial Studies 13, no. 1 (January 1990): 50–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.1990.9993661.
Full text
49
Aranberri, Nora. "What Do Professional Translators Do when Post-editing for the First Time? First Insight into the Spanish-Basque Language Pair." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business, no. 56 (October 10, 2017): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v0i56.97207.
Full textAbstract:
Machine translation post-editing is becoming commonplace and professional translators are often faced with this unknown task with little training and support. Given the different translation processes involved during post-editing, research suggests that untrained translators do not necessarily make good post-editors. Besides, the post-editing activity will be largely influenced by numerous aspects related to the technology and texts used. Training material, therefore, will need to be tailored to the particular conditions under which post-editing is bound to happen. In this work, we provide a first attempt to uncover what activity professional translators carry out when working from Spanish into Basque. Our initial analysis reveals that when working with moderate machine translation output post-editing shifts from the task of identifying and fixing errors, to that of “patchwork” where post-editors identify the machine translated elements to reuse and connect them using their own contributions. Data also reveal that they primarily focus on correcting machine translation errors but often fail to restrain themselves from editing correct structures. Both findings have clear implications for training and are a step forward in tailoring sessions specifically for language combinations of moderate quality.
50
Zabaleta, Iñaki, Arantza Gutierrez, Carme Ferré-Pavia, Itxaso Fernandez, and Nikolas Xamardo. "Facts and transformations in European minority language media systems amid digitalization and economic crisis." International Communication Gazette 81, no. 3 (January 30, 2018): 235–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048518754749.
Full textAbstract:
This article investigates the reality and variations of the European minority language media systems between 2009 and 2016, a period of serious economic crisis and accelerated digitalization process. To that aim, several parameters were measured: structure of the media systems and changes during that period along the variables of media type, ownership and reach; presence and relevance of major media in each of the communities; number and variation of full-time journalists; and the density or relative weight of the media systems with regard to the speaking population. The 10 minority languages under analysis (Basque, Catalan, Galician, Corsican, Breton, Frisian, Irish, Welsh, Scottish-Gaelic and Sámi) represent a wide range of communities. The relevance of the study lies in its direct comparative nature and in the fact that it thoroughly updates previous scholarly literature, measuring the changes which occurred within the 10 media systems.