Relevant bibliographies by topics / Basque language – History – 20th century

Academic literature on the topic 'Basque language – History – 20th century'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Basque language – History – 20th century"

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Santazilia, Ekaitz. "Varia. Irigarai familiaren funtsa Nafarroako Errege Artxibo Nagusian: katalogoa." Fontes Linguae Vasconum, no. 133 (June 30, 2022): 229–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/flv133.9.

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Recently, the Royal and General Archive of Navarre has received Fermin Irigaray’s and Angel Irigaray’s collection of documents as a donation. The collection reflects the outstanding contribution these two men (father and son) made in the 20th century in favour of the Basque language. Among others, it includes old texts, manuscripts, articles, press, journals, books, drafts, and notebooks, starting from the 17th century and, mostly to the 19th and 20th centuries. Since it is an interesting material to study the history of the Basque language, Fontes Linguae Vasconum will publish the cathalogue of the documentation in two parts. This first part includes published documents.
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Urgell, Blanca. "On the reliability of Larramendi’s evidence." Anuario del Seminario de Filología Vasca "Julio de Urquijo" 50, no. 1/2 (September 13, 2021): 121–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/asju.22861.

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In this article, the analysis of the sources of Manuel de Larramendi’s (1690-1766) grammar and dictionary reveals the importance of his work and asserts that they are necessary tools to better understand the history of the Basque language. First, we will offer an overview of the reception of Larramendi’s works from the 18th century to the 20th (§ 1), in order to show that from the end of the 19th century onwards vascologists highlighted their apologetic aspect and downplayed their significance as the first printed Basque linguistic tools, just the opposite of what had happened previously. We will go on to evaluate the reliability and richness of his Diccionario Trilingüe (DT, 1745) with a sample (§ 2) to show the large number of words from the oral language collected by Larramendi, in what semantic fields they are concentrated and, ultimately, the relevance of his dictionary as a means of attesting words and variants, and dating them. As this paper presents the results of a first approach to the Basque sources of Larramendi’s grammar (1729), we will seek to establish that the Labourdin writers Etxeberri of Ziburu (1627, 1630) and Haranburu (1635) are some of them, and perhaps also Axular (1643), all of them known sources of his dictionary. Finally, regarding the Biscayan dialect, the data shows that, although some of the verb forms may have been taken from Capanaga's catechism (1656), others are coined by Larramendi analogically from the paradigms of the Guipuzcoan dialect.
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Artola, Koldo. "Oltzako aldaeraren inguruan (2 – Ihabarko azpialdaera)." Fontes Linguae Vasconum, no. 133 (June 30, 2022): 61–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/flv133.3.

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In a previous work we explained why the speech of Ihabar should be differentiated from the rest of Arakil, based on the opinions of Pedro de Yrizar in this respect. That is, always respecting the dialectal classification of Prince Bonaparte, Yrizar divided the Basque of Arakil into two parts, taking into account the characteristics of the intransitive bipersonal verb forms, which, in the case of Ihabar, departing from those of the rest of its valley, extend as far as Arbizu. In this work we offer several samples of the Basque language of Ihabar; specifically, we present the transcriptions of oral testimonies offered by informants born at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century.
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Krajewska, Dorota. "Resultatives in Basque: A Diachronic Study." Lingua Posnaniensis 54, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10122-012-0014-0.

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ABSTRACT Dorota Krajewska. Resultatives in Basque: A Diachronic Study. Lingua Posnaniensis, vol. LIV (2)/2012. The Poznań Society for the Advancement of the Arts and Sciences. PL ISSN 0079-4740, ISBN 978-83-7654-252-2, pp. 55-67. This paper deals with several aspects of the diachrony of Basque resultative constructions. In present day Basque, resultatives can be used with perfect-like meaning. The goal of this paper has been thus to study the development of the non-resultative uses of resultative constructions. To this end, the diathesis types of resultative and the meanings the construction may convey are studied in a corpus of 17th to 20th century texts. It has been found that in the time span covered by the study, new diathesis types are introduced and two new meanings develop: perfect and experiential.
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Martínez Areta, Mikel. "Towards a History of Basque Anthroponymy." Anuario del Seminario de Filología Vasca "Julio de Urquijo" 50, no. 1/2 (September 13, 2021): 301–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/asju.22867.

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In this paper, a short history of Basque anthroponymy is made, starting from Antiquity and going through the Roman period, the Middle Ages, the Modern Age and the Contemporary Age. For each of these periods, the stock of the most frequent person names is presented, by synthesizing a variety of works by other authors, who in turn depend on the kind of sources that we have for each period. As in other parts of Europe, an autochthonous repertoire of anthroponyms dominates until the 11th century, either of Aquitanian/Basque etymology or borrowed (mainly from Romance), but deep-rooted in the Basque-speaking areas and particularly in the Kingdom of Pamplona. From the 11th century, the centralizing reforms undertaken by the Catholic Church brought about a gradual substitution of those ancient person names by some others taken from saints, evangelists, characters of the New Testament, a tendency brought to the extreme by the previsions fostered by the Council of Trent. However, as any other European language, Basque developed vernacular versions of these names, as well as an ample array of hypocoristic variants, in which the autochtonous processes of the language such as suffixation, palatalization, etc., are profusely employed. As against some previous accounts of Basque anthroponymy, which have focused exclusively on the analysis of separate anthroponymic units (basically idionyms and patronyms), this paper aims at a global description of the anthroponymic system, considering also social aspects like the development of naming structures as a whole (e.g. idionym + patronym + toponym), and the motivation for giving children particular names (according to relatives, ancestors, patron saints, calendars…).
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Ivanov, Vyacheslav V. "Semiotics of the 20th century." Sign Systems Studies 36, no. 1 (December 31, 2008): 185–244. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2008.36.1.10.

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Semiotic and linguistic studies of the 20th century have been important mostly in two senses — (1) they have opened a road for comparative research on the origin and development of language and other systems of signs adding a new dimension to the history of culture; (2) they have shown a possibility of uniting different fields of humanities around semiotics suggesting a way to trespass separation and atomisation of different trends in investigating culture. In the 21st century one may hope for closer integration of semiotics and exact and natural sciences. The points of intersection with the mathematical logic, computer science and information theory that already exist might lead to restructuring theoretical semiotics making it a coherent and methodologically rigid discipline. At the same time, the continuation of neurosemiotic studies promises a breakthrough in understanding those parts of the work of the brain that are most intimately connected to culture. From this point of view semiotics may play an outstanding role in the synthesis of biological science and humanities. In my mind that makes it a particularly important field of future research.
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Berezin, Fedor Mixajlovič. "Mikołaj Kruszewski and 20th-century linguistics." History of Linguistics in Poland 25, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1998): 61–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.25.1-2.06ber.

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Summary The article deals with important issues in general linguistic theory discussed by Mikołaj Habdank Kruszewski alias Nikolaj Vjačeslavovič Kruševskij (1851–1887), in the author’s view an unjustly forgotten linguist of genius of the late 19th century, who could be seen as standing at the roots of the 20th-century structuralism, long before the appearance of F. de Saussure’s lectures on general linguistics. In his major book O čerk nauki o jazyke (An outline of the science of language) of 1883, Kruszewski conceived of language as a system of signs, laying stress on the semiotic function of language. His understanding of sound alternation is in many ways close to modern principles of phonology and morphonology. His hypothesis of the universal character of the sound laws too anticipated the discovery of language universals. As a result, the author agrees with Radwańska-Williams’ (1993) characterization of Kruszewski’s theory as ‘a lost paradigm’ in the history of linguistics. Well-known linguists of the 20th century such as Roman Jakobson (1896–1982), Jerzy Kuryłowicz (1895–1978) , and others rightly argued that Kruszewski was one of the founders of modern linguistic theory.
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Cienki, Alan. "19th and 20th century theories of case." Historiographia Linguistica 22, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1995): 123–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.22.1-2.06cie.

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Summary This article considers the similarities and differences between two types of semantically-based approaches to the study of grammatical case. One approach, which views the basic meanings of cases as spatial, stems from the localist hypothesis, which claims that spatial expressions serve as structural templates for other expressions. This view was most strongly espoused by certain German linguists in the 19th century, but has found support in the 20th century as well. The range of localist theories of case and the extent of the claims made by different localists are considered. These are compared and contrasted with contemporary approaches subsumed under the banner of ‘cognitive linguistics’. Research in this vein has focussed on the role of spatial notions in the semantics of case, but within a broader framework of human conceptualization. According to this view, space is only one of several domains which are basic to cognitive representation.
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Pelc, Jerzy. "Logic of language and philosophy of language in 20th-century Poland." History of Linguistics in Poland 25, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1998): 163–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.25.1-2.13pel.

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Summary The logic of language and the philosophy of language in 20th-century Poland ran in two mainstreams, the so-called Lvov-Warsaw school and and that of phenomenological thought. The former was dominant, the latter was represented mainly by the work of Roman Ingarden (1903–1970). Among works of the Lvov-Warsaw school, the present paper considers the most important achievements of its founder, Kazimierz Twardowski (1866–1938), and the oldest generation of his disciples: Leśniewski (1886–1939), Kotarbiński (1886–1981), Ajdukiewicz (1890–1963), and Izydora Dąmbska (1904–1983), as well as Alfred Tarski (1902–1983) who, in philosophy, was a disciple of Jan Łukasiewicz (1878–1956), Leśniewski and Kotarbiński. The paper is limited to the discussion of the most important of their reflections on natural language, in particular to what is most characteristic of them: elaborated and deep analyses of semantic sections connected with epistemological ones, and pragmatic sections connected with psychological ones, all presented with great attention to clarity, precision and comprehensibility of formulations. Major semantic conceptions of Ingarden were also mentioned: the theory of meaning as a relation between an intending object and an intentional object, as well as semantic differences between a name, verb and sentence.
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López-Goñi, Irene. "Basque Schools in Navarre: The Early Stages, 1931-1936." History of Education Quarterly 45, no. 4 (2005): 565–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2005.tb00054.x.

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The Basque School, as well as a type of school, is an educational phenomenon that emerged and underwent most of its development during the twentieth century. Some initial confusion existed between the terms “Basque school,” “bilingual school” and “ikastola,” due to the undefined nature of the Basque model of schooling during this early period. These schools introduced a new model of education and pursued a common aim: to restore the Basque language and culture. Past research on ikastolas during the time of the Republic shows that the choice of term varied in Navarre according to the school's geographical location. Though there had been earlier initiatives, the Basque schools appeared in Navarra with the advent of Spain's Second Republic in 1931 and survived until the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936. During the Franco regime, Basques attempted to restart the educational project throughout the whole of Spanish Basque Country. Navarra's first ikastola of this new era was set up in 1963, giving rise to an educational movement that continues to maintain a strong impetus in the new millennium and has become a point of reference for both linguists and educationalists.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Basque language – History – 20th century"

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Bayar, Yesim. "Turkish nation-building process : an analysis of language, education, and citizenship policies during the early Republic (1920-1938)." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115601.

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This study seeks to analyze the Turkish nation-building process during the early Republican period (1920-1938). In doing this, the substantive focus will be on three main dimensions --language, education, and citizenship -- with particular emphasis on the rhetoric and actions of the political elite.
By looking at language, education, and citizenship policies, and their formulations, the present analysis will make three main propositions: First, and in contrast to the existing literature on nations and nation-building, it will be demonstrated that the process of Turkish nation-building was neither a smooth nor an automatic process. Moreover, during the period under analysis, there were competing definitions of nationhood which were taken up, and discussed by the political elite. The final conceptualization of nationhood --which took an assimilationist form with an ethnic understanding attached to it -- was formed over time. At times, the process was wrought with tensions as illustrated by the heated debates among the political elite.
Second, the present analysis will seek to bring together two different ways of looking at nation formation. More specifically, the analysis will attempt to bridge the gap between those works which only underline the role of ideas in the formation of nations, and those which emphasize the role of structural forces. By paying attention to the "voices" (and actions) of the political elite, this study will demonstrate that it is not only ideas, nor is it only structural forces that matter. Rather, the crystallization of the contents of Turkish nationhood illustrates the interplay of ideological as well as geopolitical and political forces.
Third, a detailed analysis of the trajectory of Turkish nation-building and the formulation of Turkish nationhood reveals the complexity of this process. The existing literature on Turkey tends to treat the Kemalist era as an undifferentiated whole. The present work will remain critical to such an outlook. Instead, and by looking at the shifting conceptualizations of nationhood, it will seek to demonstrate the complexity and contingent nature of the Turkish nation-building process.
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Dowthwaite, James. "Ezra Pound's theory of language." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b7fdc3da-8442-478f-8dbf-4a401cf29e27.

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This thesis examines Ezra Pound's linguistic theory in relation to literary, philosophical and academic treatments of language in the modernist period. Pound is a central figure in the history of twentieth century literature, and his poetic career marks a sustained engagement with questions of how language can register thought, how it can transmit and communicate images, and, ultimately, how language is able to mediate between artists (or, indeed, language speakers as a whole) and the world. I read Pound's statements on language against the disciplinary history of linguistics, assessing the extent to which his positions are representative of his period, or, conversely, the ways in which they form part of an idiosyncratic worldview. My approach is broadly historical. I begin with Pound's educational background, and move chronologically through his career to the concluding passages of his Cantos. I investigate the extent to which Pound's critical writing engages with new departures taking place in linguistics in the late nineteenth century and the early part of the twentieth century. The scope of my investigation ranges from the legacy of nineteenth century philology to the approaches taken by William Dwight Whitney, Michel Bréal, and Ferdinand de Saussure, to name but a few, in focusing linguistic scholarship on synchronic study of language as function in the early twentieth century, to Franz Boas's and Edward Sapir's studies in the relationship between language and culture between 1910 and 1939. In situating Pound in relation to the history of linguistics as a discipline, I argue that his work asks some of the period's most apposite questions about language and culture, even if his conclusions differ from the dominant academic positions of the time.
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Totaro, Genevois Mariella. "Foreign policies for the diffusion of language and culture : the Italian experience in Australia." Monash University, Centre for European Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8828.

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Slaughter, Carolyn Overton. "Language as disclosure in five modernist American works." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184311.

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"Language as Disclosure in Five Modernist American Works" comprises a series of Heideggerian readings of James's The Turn of the Screw, Williams's In the American Grain, Faulkner's As I Lay Dying, Hemingway's Death in the Afternoon, and Barth's Lost in the Funhouse. Each text is taken as a single and separate performance of poetic language. The readings do not interpret or explain the texts but attempt to follow them in a thinking, to map what shows up and in what relations. The attempt is to get past the roadblock of "ambiguity" that characterizes modernist texts, not by deciding the undecidable but by exploring it. The dissertation explores the nature or function of language. In James literality works to indicate, to evoke, to found and maintain as well as to violate or subvert a human order. Language borders and opposes the abyss in the story, and it is at this border and in this conflict that reality originates. Williams too revises the notion of origin as he proposes a new "method" of "composition" whereby a poet in the act of asserting and proving himself sets forth not only his own potency but that of his ground, his locality, his period and his time. In the Faulkner story representative language has become disconnected from life, is irrelevant, ineffectual, dysfunctional. However, in spite of its explicit indictment of words, the work discloses a new ontology, a new standard of value, and an originary function for words. In the Hemingway story language or the work of art (the bullfight, here) is the site, the occasion, and the agency in and by which "facts," things that actually happen, rise into appearance upon the horizon of death. In these modernist works we find the function of language to be, in some sense, disclosure. With the Barth story we pass into a milder postmodern atmosphere, but we find the same antagonists, language and not-language. Ostensibly language is impotent; thematically the rational paradigm is overwhelmed by objectivity. I claim, however, that language diminished and exposed is still working by modernist standards to provoke into view the potentiality that representative language cannot express.
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Leow, Rachel. "Language, nation, and the state in the decolonisation of Malaya, c.1920-1965." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252253.

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Wong, Chi-keung Frederick, and 黃志強. "Postmodernism, drama, language: Waiting for Godot and Inadmissible evidence revisited." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951053.

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Longwell, Ann E. "France, man and language in French Resistance poetry." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13376.

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The Second World War witnessed what was recognised at the time as a poetic revival in France. The phenomenon of Resistance poetry in particular commanded literary attention throughout the war. Immediately afterwards, however, this large corpus of poetry was widely dismissed as an unfortunate aberration. Viewed as ephemeral poetry of circumstance with only a documentary value, as tendentious poésie engagée, as propaganda or as conservative patriotic verse, it was thought unworthy of consideration as poetry. Marked by the reputation it gained just after the war, Resistance poetry has been given short shrift in critical studies, and has only rarely been the focus of academic attention. This study reexpounds in detail and with a wide range of reference the debate concerning Resistance poetry, and draws attention to a number of poets who are not widely known, or who are not known as Resistance poets. It demonstrates through a thematic and formal analysis of a selection of Resistance poetry that it is in fact no different from poetry as implicitly understood by critics who have dismissed it. A description of commitment in Resistance poetry is followed by a thematic study of its three related objects, namely France, man and language. Detailed examinations of these three major concerns in the poetry challenge the received view that Resistance poetry is conservative in its patriotism, dogmatic or essentialist in its commitment, and reactionary in its use of language. This thematic study is complemented by illustrative analyses of individual poems or parts of poems, and by a concluding commentary.
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Friman, Eva. "No limits : the 20th century discourse of economic growth." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Historiska studier, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-61315.

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The breakthrough of the concept of economic growth in economics marks a paradigm shift in thinking about the economy and its place in 'reality.' This thesis analyzes the 20th century discourse of economic growth, focusing its unlimited connotations. The thesis consists of four case studies, two introductory parts and a concluding dis­cussion. Part II first gives an etymological outline of how the concept 'growth' transformed: from signifying natural processes, to become crucial within economics. The main focus is on the historiography around Adam Smith and the classical economists as 'fathers of growth.' It is argued that though Smith introduced new ideas on eco­nomic prosperity, it is anachronistic to view him as 'father of growth' in terms of modern economic discourse. The difference between conception of economic progress in classical economics - with a 'stationary state' - and the post-war concept of economic growth - without absolute limits - is interpreted by sketching four periods in economics regarding the issue of limits. Finally the label 'dismal,' often used for classical economics, is reinter­preted. The neoclassical 'Self and classical 'Other' is seen as a useful construction for legitimizing the growth discourse. Part III deals with economic thought at the turn of the century 1900. There were different ideas on what relative priority to address to individuals and communities as the basis of economy, as well as disagreements over how to organize economic policy to solve the 'social issue.' However, these differences did not result in different views on economic expansion per se. Neither to left- nor right-wing advocates was economic expansion an objective. Rather, economic expansion was a means to construct and manage a welfare state, and thus solve the social issue. If welfare could be distributed by expanding the total, there would be no sacrifices. The way economic growth was perceived in the early development discourse is studied in Part IV. The idea of unlimited growth is framed within a Western understanding of development and progress, and it is shown that hegemony on economic growth formed. Development economics made use of new and fashionable growth models, and thereby gained influence in policy. Development was reduced to economic development, which was reduced to economic growth. With a few modifications, this version of development and progress was to be implemented globally - 'no limits' became a master narrative. Part V analyzes the debate on economic growth in the 1960s and 70s. The environmental issue gave rise to thoughts on ecological limits, and thus had a key role in designating economic growth and growth ideology as a scapegoat within a longer tradition of civilization critique. As a response, professional economists put up a uni­ted defense for growth, and a polarized debate followed. Different basic assumptions underlying the polarized positions are analyzed, and the concept modernist economic ethos is introduced to explain the polarization at a fundamental level. In the dominant discourse, critics were called pessimists, and advocates were optimists. It is argued that these value-laden labels reveal the power of language and point at a trap of discourse. Economic growth and ecological sustainable development is analyzed in Part VI, and the focus is on crisis responsive economists. Two different conceptions of the economic system are found among these. The first is the economy as free-floating, which by technical inventions is minimally restricted by ecological boundaries. The second is the economy as a dependent subsystem restricted by fundamental ecological limits. Conception of the system is conclusive for understanding economic growth and its environmental effects. The free-floating approach allows the concept of 'sustainable growth,' while the subsystem approach makes it contradictory. Part VI includes a continued discussion on the power of language, and the dichotomy of pessimism and optimism. 'Optimism' is a eulogy, and works normatively. The pessimist label has functioned, at best, as a 'discourse trap;' at worst, as a means of exclusion. In Part VII results from the case studies are summarized, and general results with implications are presented. The post-war discourse on economic growth is connected to 'ecomodernism.' Three explanations for the intro­duction and strong appeal of the discourse of unlimited economic growth are introduced: the internal cause (economic theory), the external cause (context), and the professionalization cause (connecting the internal and external). The thesis ends in a discussion on growth, language and power in the context of modernism and progress.
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Behin, Bahram. "Aspects of the role of language in creating the literary effect : implications for the reading of Australian prose fiction /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb419.pdf.

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Sun, Christine Yunn-Yu. "The construction of "Chinese" cultural identity : English-language writing by Australian and other authors with Chinese ancestry." Monash University, School of Languages, Cultures and Linguistics, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5438.

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Books on the topic "Basque language – History – 20th century"

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Axelsson, Margareta Westergren. Contraction in British newspapers in the late 20th century. Uppsala: Ubsaliensis S. Academiae, 1998.

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Truth, language and history. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005.

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Crowther, Paul. The language of twentieth-century art: A conceptual history. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.

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Moral powers: Normative necessity in language and history. London: Routledge, 1988.

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Navarra, Gipuzkoa y el Euskera: Siglo XVIII. Pamplona-Iruña: Pamiela Argitaletexea, 1998.

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Jeffries, Lesley. The language of twentieth-century poetry. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993.

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Translation and interpreting in the 20th century: Focus on German. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins, 1999.

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Maw, Joan. Fire and lightning: Language, affect and society in 20th century Swahili poetry. Wien: Institute für Afrikanistik und Ägyptologie der Universität Wien, 1999.

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Schoenberg's transformation of musical language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

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Křístek, Michal. A comparison of 20th century theories of style: (in the context of Czech and British Scholarly discourses). Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Basque language – History – 20th century"

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Godart-Wendling, Béatrice, and Layla Raïd. "Presupposition and implicitness in the 20th century." In Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 257–68. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.126.20god.

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Berezin, Fedor Mixajlovič. "Chapter 7 Mikołaj Kruszewksi and 20th-Century Linguistics." In Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 209. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.102.11ber.

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Thomas, Margaret. "Words and concepts for child language learning in late 19th versus late 20th century America." In Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 344–55. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.112.27tho.

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"Language typology in the 20th century from Sapir to late 20th century approaches." In History of the Language Sciences / Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaften / Histoire des sciences du langage, Part 2, edited by Sylvain Auroux, E. F. K. Koerner, Hans-Josef Niederehe, and Kees Versteegh. Berlin • New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110167351.2.27.1453.

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"Language acquisition II: Second Language Acquisition in the 20th century." In History of the Language Sciences / Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaften / Histoire des sciences du langage, Part 3, edited by Sylvain Auroux, E. F. K. Koerner, Hans-Josef Niederehe, and Kees Versteegh. Berlin • New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110167368.3.39.2705.

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"Quantitative methods and lexicostatistics in the 20th Century." In History of the Language Sciences / Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaften / Histoire des sciences du langage, Part 2, edited by Sylvain Auroux, E. F. K. Koerner, Hans-Josef Niederehe, and Kees Versteegh. Berlin • New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110167351.2.32.1998.

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"The axiomatic method in 20th-century European linguistics." In History of the Language Sciences / Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaften / Histoire des sciences du langage, Part 3, edited by Sylvain Auroux, E. F. K. Koerner, Hans-Josef Niederehe, and Kees Versteegh. Berlin • New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110167368.3.33.2007.

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"Early formalization tendencies in 20th-century American linguistics." In History of the Language Sciences / Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaften / Histoire des sciences du langage, Part 3, edited by Sylvain Auroux, E. F. K. Koerner, Hans-Josef Niederehe, and Kees Versteegh. Berlin • New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110167368.3.33.2026.

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"Theories of universal grammar in the late 20th century." In History of the Language Sciences / Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaften / Histoire des sciences du langage, Part 2, edited by Sylvain Auroux, E. F. K. Koerner, Hans-Josef Niederehe, and Kees Versteegh. Berlin • New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110167351.2.27.1461.

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"Morphology as word-formation in 20th-century linguistics: A survey." In History of the Language Sciences / Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaften / Histoire des sciences du langage, Part 3, edited by Sylvain Auroux, E. F. K. Koerner, Hans-Josef Niederehe, and Kees Versteegh. Berlin • New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110167368.3.35.2324.

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Conference papers on the topic "Basque language – History – 20th century"

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Martin Fuentes, Javier. "Turning Point at the UNESCO Headquarters. Crossed Influences between Pier Luigi Nervi and Marcel Lajos Breuer." In 8º Congreso Internacional de Arquitectura Blanca - CIAB 8. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ciab8.2018.7424.

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Abstract:
The history of architecture is closely linked to the evolution and the use of materials. Concrete was the most important material of the 20th century, becoming the medium for a new architecture. Many different architects not only relied on the use of concrete as their main mode of expression but also got involved in the quest for a new architectural language for the so-called new material. Pier Luigi Nervi and Marcel Breuer are not only among the great architects of the last century, but above all, they are masters of concrete, both developing extensive bodies of work based on the use of the material. Nervi and Breuer worked together in a virtuosic piece of architecture, the building for the UNESCO Headquarters in Paris. Built mainly in concrete and inaugurated in 1958, it occupies a relevant place in the history of architecture. This paper wants to highlight how during that process, both architects underwent a radical change in their careers and in relation to the use of concrete, turning this project in a milestone for the history of architecture as a whole.
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Reports on the topic "Basque language – History – 20th century"

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Kempgen, Sebastian. Was Postkarten erzählen können… Otto-Friedrich-Universität, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irb-49498.

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