Journal articles: 'Basin restriction'

1

Meyer, Edward E., Blair N. Burgreen, Hilary Lackey, Joshua D. Landis, Andrew N. Quicksall, and Benjamin C. Bostick. "Evidence for basin restriction during syn-collisional basin formation in the Silurian Arisaig Group, Nova Scotia." Chemical Geology 256, no. 1-2 (October 2008): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.06.016.

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Smith, Benjamin P., Toti Larson, Rowan C. Martindale, and Charles Kerans. "Impacts of basin restriction on geochemistry and extinction patterns: A case from the Guadalupian Delaware Basin, USA." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 530 (January 2020): 115876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115876.

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Rouchy, J. M., C. Taberner, M. M. Blanc-Valleron, R. Sprovieri, M. Russell, C. Pierre, E. Di Stefano, et al. "Sedimentary and diagenetic markers of the restriction in a marine basin: the Lorca Basin (SE Spain) during the Messinian." Sedimentary Geology 121, no. 1-2 (October 1998): 23–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-0738(98)00071-2.

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4

Qiu, Lei, Shuang Zhao, and Hui Min Wang. "The Motivation and Restriction Mechanisms of Emission Trading in the Tai Lake Basin." Advanced Materials Research 831 (December 2013): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.831.299.

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This paper offers a Government-Enterprise-Public cooperation mode of emission trading in the Tai Lake Basin based on the governing theory of the common pool resources. Then, the motivation and restriction mechanisms have been designed, that is, a water environmental regulation contract with the effect of incentive and constraint penalty is signed between the water environmental management institute and the enterprises. Further, a principal-agent model is developed, by which a set of results of the water environment regulation optimal contract is obtained. The effects of public participation and local government protection probability on the contract are analyzed. The results show that the increase of public participation could decrease the optimal fine amount, which will weaken the contradictions between the local government and the enterprises, and the decrease of the local government protection probability would reduce the regulatory frequency, correspondingly the supervision cost will be low.

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Paula-Santos, Gustavo M., Sergio Caetano-Filho, Marly Babinski, Ricardo I. F. Trindade, and Cristian Guacaneme. "Tracking connection and restriction of West Gondwana São Francisco Basin through isotope chemostratigraphy." Gondwana Research 42 (February 2017): 280–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2016.10.012.

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6

Frizzone, José Antonio, Sílvio Carlos Ribeiro Vieira Lima, Claudivan Feitosa Lacerda, and Luciano Mateos. "Socio-Economic Indexes for Water Use in Irrigation in a Representative Basin of the Tropical Semiarid Region." Water 13, no. 19 (September 25, 2021): 2643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192643.

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Performance evaluation of irrigated agriculture is an important tool that assists in decision-making on water management in the river basin, particularly in tropical semiarid regions. This study was carried out using information from the Jaguaribe River basin, located in the Northeast region of Brazil, which has an important restriction in the availability of water resources and high competition for water use. From a set of indicators (production, water, economic, and social), the overall performance index of irrigated agriculture was estimated (ranging from zero to 1.0) for two scenarios: high water scarcity and low water scarcity. The performance index used was based on the mean value of these security criteria normalized with respect to the maximum value of the indicator for the crop obtained in the sub-basin. A low performance index of irrigated agriculture (less than 0.3) has always been associated with inadequacy of more than one security indicator. Crops with significant cultivated areas and, therefore, requiring a high volume of irrigation, such as rice, sugar cane, banana, and green coconut, require technical interventions related to the management of the soil–water–plant system aiming at improving yield with less water. Under conditions of water restrictions, crops with performance indexes higher than 0.3 should be prioritized. The study presented here for Jaguaribe River basin may support public policies related to irrigation and agronomic techniques necessary to improve the performance of agricultural under tropical dry lands.

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7

Guénette, S., R. Fortin, and E. Rassart. "Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) from the St. Lawrence River and James Bay Drainage Basins in Quebec, Canada." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-076.

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Restriction fragment length pattern analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was used to assess genetic differentiation in sympatric lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) from the St. Lawrence River drainage basin (St. Lawrence and Ottawa rivers and Lac des Deux Montagnes) and in sturgeon from the Waswanipi River (James Bay drainage basin). Using 14 restriction enzymes on mtDNA from 82 specimens, the genetic divergence was relatively low (d = 0.219–0.744%), as only three genotypes were found. Genotype 1 is present at all sites whereas genotype 2 is present only in Lac des Deux Montagnes and the Ottawa and Waswanipi rivers. The St. Lawrence River sturgeon form a homogeneous genotypic group that was not found significantly different from sturgeon from Lac des Deux Montagnes. The genetic heterogeneity seemed higher in the James Bay drainage population than in the St. Lawrence drainage populations that probably have been more significantly influenced by overfishing and man-made habitat changes.

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Mänd, Kaarel, Stefan V. Lalonde, Kärt Paiste, Marie Thoby, Kaarel Lumiste, Leslie J. Robbins, Timmu Kreitsmann, et al. "Iron Isotopes Reveal a Benthic Iron Shuttle in the Palaeoproterozoic Zaonega Formation: Basinal Restriction, Euxinia, and the Effect on Global Palaeoredox Proxies." Minerals 11, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11040368.

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The Zaonega Formation in northwest Russia (~2.0 billion years old) is amongst the most complete successions that record the middle of the Palaeoproterozoic era. As such, geochemical data from the formation have played a central role in framing the debate over redox dynamics in the aftermath of the Great Oxidation Event (GOE). However, uncertainty over local redox conditions and the degree of hydrographic restriction in the formation has led to contradictory interpretations regarding global oxygen (O2) fugacity. Here, we provide new iron (Fe) isotope data together with major and trace element concentrations to constrain the local physiochemical conditions. The Zaonega Formation sediments show authigenic Fe accumulation (Fe/Al ≫ 1 wt.%/wt.%) and δ56Fe ranging from −0.58‰ to +0.60‰. Many of the data fall on a negative Fe/Al versus δ56Fe trend, diagnostic of a benthic Fe shuttle, which implies that Zaonega Formation rocks formed in a redox-stratified and semi-restricted basin. However, basin restriction did not coincide with diminished trace metal enrichment, likely due to episodes of deep-water exchange with metal-rich oxygenated seawater, as evidenced by simultaneous authigenic Fe(III) precipitation. If so, the Onega Basin maintained a connection that allowed its sediments to record signals of global ocean chemistry despite significant basinal effects.

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9

Mulligan, Timothy J., Robert W. Chapman, and Bonnie L. Brown. "Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Walleye Pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, from the Eastern Bering Sea and Shelikof Strait, Gulf of Alaska." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-036.

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Increased fishing effort in the international waters of the Aleutian Basin has focused much interest on defining the stock structure of walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, in the Bering Sea. Variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was examined via restriction endonuclease digestions in 168 walleye pollock from three areas in the eastern Bering Sea and from Shelikof Strait, Gulf of Alaska. Nine endonucleases produced variant restriction patterns both within and among populations. A total of 50 restriction sites were revealed along the mtDNA molecule. Two dominant genotypes were found in 39 and 21 individuals, respectively. Fifty-one genotypes (78% of the total) were represented by a single specimen. Clustering of genetic distances suggests the existence of several walleye pollock stocks in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska. Genetic divergence among stocks may be related to the prevailing current patterns found in these areas.

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10

Crombez, Vincent, Sébastien Rohais, François Baudin, Benoit Chauveau, Tristan Euzen, and Didier Granjeon. "Controlling factors on source rock development: implications from 3D stratigraphic modeling of Triassic deposits in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin." Bulletin de la Société géologique de France 188, no. 5 (2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2017188.

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The recent development of unconventional resources has triggered a regain of interest for source-rocks. The presence of hydrocarbons in these unconventional systems is generally associated with organic-rich sediments. This study aims at better understanding the factors controlling the accumulation of marine organic matter at basin scale, using a process-based approach. This work focuses on the Montney, Doig and Halfway Formations (Lower and Middle Triassic, Alberta and British Columbia, Canada). Recent studies show that the Triassic strata of the Western Canada sedimentary basin can be considered as a transitional period between the Paleozoic passive margin and the Jurassic foreland basin. Based on a 3D regional stratigraphic architecture and on a description of the organic rich interval distribution, a process-based numerical model (DionisosFlow and DORS) has been used to simulate the stratigraphic evolution of the Montney, Doig and Halfway Formations and reproduce the organic distribution in these formations. This modeling approach allowed us to test different scenarios of primary productivity and basin restriction and discuss the regional controls on organic matter accumulation such as dynamic of anoxia or dilution of organic matter by detrital sediments. The reconstruction of the stratigraphic architecture emphasizes a major drop of the water discharge in the basin. In the absence of any evidence supporting a link with a climate change, the drop in water discharge suggests a major modification of the drainage area of the basin, potentially associated with the early stage of the cordilleran orogeny and foreland basin evolution. The numerical simulation also shows that the primary productivity rates in the Montney and Doig Formations are characteristic of a coastal area and that a basin restriction is required to account for the level of anoxia observed in the studied Formations. Lastly, this study investigates the regional controls on organic matter accumulation and emphasizes the impact of regional paleogeographic and geodynamic evolution on the dynamic of anoxia and on the dilution.

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11

van Assen, E., K. F. Kuiper, N. Barhoun, W. Krijgsman, and F. J. Sierro. "Messinian astrochronology of the Melilla Basin: Stepwise restriction of the Mediterranean–Atlantic connection through Morocco." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 238, no. 1-4 (August 2006): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.014.

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12

Suqi, Ma. "Two-Dimensional Manifolds of Modified Chen System with Time Delay." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 31, no. 09 (July 2021): 2150174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127421501741.

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Two-dimensional unstable manifolds of the modified Chen system are constructed at equilibrium solution by “expanding up” along the unstable eigen-direction, hence it is tangent to the unstable eigenspace. In general, unstable manifold expands to the attraction basin of the corresponding limit cycle or attractor. With the introduction of time delay, the two-dimensional unstable manifold of an unstable focus is simulated via expanding solution orbits with restriction condition on the associated foliations. The simulated unstable manifold coincides with the attraction basin of the limit cycle of the delay differential equations.

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13

Topper, R. P. M., and P. Th Meijer. "Changes in Mediterranean circulation and water characteristics due to restriction of the Atlantic connection: a high-resolution ocean model." Climate of the Past 11, no. 2 (February 16, 2015): 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-233-2015.

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Abstract. A high-resolution parallel ocean model is set up to examine how the sill depth of the Atlantic connection affects circulation and water characteristics in the Mediterranean Basin. An analysis of the model performance, comparing model results with observations of the present-day Mediterranean, demonstrates its ability to reproduce observed water characteristics and circulation (including deep water formation). A series of experiments with different sill depths in the Atlantic–Mediterranean connection is used to assess the sensitivity of Mediterranean circulation and water characteristics to sill depth. Basin-averaged water salinity and, to a lesser degree, temperature rise when the sill depth is shallower and exchange with the Atlantic is lower. Lateral and interbasinal differences in the Mediterranean are, however, largely unchanged. The strength of the upper overturning cell in the western basin is proportional to the magnitude of the exchange with the Atlantic, and hence to sill depth. Overturning in the eastern basin and deep water formation in both basins, on the contrary, are little affected by the sill depth. The model results are used to interpret the sedimentary record of the Late Miocene preceding and during the Messinian Salinity Crisis. In the western basin, a correlation exists between sill depth and rate of refreshment of deep water. On the other hand, because sill depth has little effect on the overturning and deep water formation in the eastern basin, the model results do not support the notion that restriction of the Atlantic–Mediterranean connection may cause lower oxygenation of deep water in the eastern basin. However, this discrepancy may be due to simplifications in the surface forcing and the use of a bathymetry different from that in the Late Miocene. We also tentatively conclude that blocked outflow, as found in experiments with a sill depth &leq;10 m, is a plausible scenario for the second stage of the Messinian Salinity Crisis during which halite was rapidly accumulated in the Mediterranean. With the model setup and experiments, a basis has been established for future work on the sensitivity of Mediterranean circulation to changes in (palaeo-)bathymetry and external forcings.

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14

Winters, Andrew D., Terence L. Marsh, Travis O. Brenden, and Mohamed Faisal. "Analysis of bacterial communities associated with the benthic amphipodDiporeiain the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 61, no. 1 (January 2015): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2014-0434.

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Bacterial communities play important roles in the biological functioning of crustaceans, yet little is known about their diversity, structure, and dynamics. This study was conducted to investigate the bacterial communities associated with the benthic amphipod Diporeia, an important component in the Great Lakes foodweb that has been declining over the past 3 decades. In this study, the combination of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism revealed a total of 175 and 138 terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) in Diporeia samples following treatment with the endonucleases HhaI and MspI, respectively. Relatively abundant and prevalent T-RFs were affiliated with the genera Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas and the class Betaproteobacteria. T-RFs affiliated with the order Rickettsiales were also detected. A significant difference in T-RF presence and abundance (P = 0.035) was detected among profiles generated for Diporeia collected from 4 sites in Lake Michigan. Comparison of profiles generated for Diporeia samples collected in 2 years from lakes Superior and Michigan showed a significant change in diversity for Lake Superior Diporeia but not Lake Michigan Diporeia. Profiles from one Lake Michigan site contained multiple unique T-RFs compared with other Lake Michigan Diporeia profiles, most notably one that represents the genus Methylotenera. This study generated the most extensive list of bacteria associated with Diporeia and sheds useful insights on the microbiome of Great Lakes Diporeia that may help to reveal potential causes of the decline of Diporeia populations.

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15

Xu, Jian, Haiying Wang, and Zhi Li. "Evaluation of the Provincial Carbon Neutrality Capacity of the Middle and Lower Yellow River Basin based on the Entropy Weight Matter-Element Model." Energies 15, no. 20 (October 14, 2022): 7600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207600.

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In the process of promoting economic development, carbon peaks and carbon neutrality have gradually received more attention. The question of how to steadily and rapidly improve the carbon neutrality capacity of each province and excavate the key factors hindering the carbon neutrality capacity has become particularly important. In this study, the DPSIR (driving, pressure, state, influence, response) framework was used to construct an index system of the provincial carbon neutrality capacity of the middle and lower Yellow River Basin, which included 37 indices. Based on the entropy weight matter-element model, the time evolution, regional differences, and restriction indicators of the carbon neutrality capacity of four provinces in the middle and lower Yellow River Basin from 2008 to 2021 were analyzed. The results showed that the carbon neutrality capacity of the four provinces in the middle and lower Yellow River Basin has significantly improved over time and has gradually reached a grade of “good”. Differences in carbon neutrality capacity among the provinces still exist but are gradually shrinking. the per capita car ownership, urban population density, and other factors have hindered the improvement of the carbon neutrality capacity in each province, but with the reduction in restriction indicators and increase in positive indicators such as urbanization rate, forest grass coverage, and others, the overall development direction tended to be promising.

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Topper, R. P. M., and P. Th Meijer. "Changes in Mediterranean circulation and water characteristics due to restriction of the Atlantic connection: a high-resolution parallel ocean model." Climate of the Past Discussions 10, no. 4 (July 25, 2014): 2979–3026. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-10-2979-2014.

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Abstract. A high-resolution parallel ocean model is set up to examine how the sill depth of the Atlantic connection affects circulation and water characteristics in the Mediterranean Basin. An analysis of the model performance, comparing model results with observations on the present-day Mediterranean, demonstrates its ability to reproduce observed water characteristics and circulation (including deep water formation). A series of experiments with different sill depths in the Atlantic–Mediterranean connection is used to assess the sensitivity of Mediterranean circulation and water characteristics to sill depth. Basin-averaged water salinity and, to a lesser degree, temperature rise when the sill depth is less and exchange with the Atlantic is lower. Lateral and interbasinal differences in the Mediterranean are, however, largely unchanged. The strength of the upper overturning cell in the western basin is proportional to the magnitude of the exchange with the Atlantic, and hence to sill depth. Overturning in the eastern basin and deep water formation in both basins, on the contrary, are little affected by the sill depth. The model results are used to interpret the sedimentary record of the Late Miocene preceding and during the Messinian Salinity Crisis. In the western basin a correlation exists between sill depth and rate of refreshment of deep water. On the other hand, because sill depth has little effect on the overturning and deep water formation in the eastern basin, the model results do not support the notion that restriction of the Atlantic–Mediterranean connection may cause lower oxygenation of deep water in the eastern basin. However, this discrepancy may be due to simplifications in the surface forcing and the use of a bathymetry different from that in the Late Miocene. We also tentatively conclude that blocked outflow, as found in experiments with a sill depth &leq;10 m, is a plausible scenario for the second stage of the Messinian Salinity Crisis during which halite was rapidly accumulated in the Mediterranean. With the model setup and experiments, a basis has been established for future work on the sensitivity of Mediterranean circulation to changes in (palaeo-)bathymetry and external forcings.

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17

Zhao, Jinhui, Lin Tian, Yunlong Bai, Jiawei He, and Puxi Li. "Research on the Coupling of Energy Consumption and High-quality Development in the Yellow River Basin." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 01061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126101061.

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Understanding the energy development ideas of the Yellow River Basin has a very important impact on the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Aiming at the restriction and promotion of energy consumption in the Yellow River Basin to its high-quality development, this article takes the nine provinces of the Yellow River as the research object, builds an evaluation model based on the data of the river basin from 2004 to 2017, and uses the entropy method and elastic coefficient method to study the coupling characteristics of watershed energy consumption for its high-quality development in time and space. The results show that the high-quality development level of the river basin is generally increasing, the consumption level is generally decreasing, and the coupling of energy consumption and high-quality development is optimized year by year. Finally, according to the coupling of energy consumption level and high-quality development level, a development strategy suitable for improvement is proposed.

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18

BUCHNER, E. "An approach towards the projectile trajectory during the oblique Steinheim meteorite impact by the interpretation of structural crater features and the distribution of shatter cones." Geological Magazine 155, no. 1 (September 7, 2017): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756817000711.

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AbstractThe distinct alignment of the Steinheim Basin and the Nördlinger Ries impact structures in SW Germany and the Central European tektite strewn field suggest ENE-directed trajectories of the Ries and Steinheim impacting bodies. From impact experiments, the asymmetry of the Steinheim crater and the arrangement of structural features therein are in good agreement with features produced during an oblique impact at 30° from the horizontal. The restriction of shatter cones to the eastern segment of the Steinheim Basin crater also suggests a west–east-directed trend of the impact direction, and supports previous models that favoured such impactor trajectory.

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Ivanyutin, N. M., N. E. Volkova, and S. V. Podovalova. "Integrated Hydroecological Monitoring of Watercourses in Zuya River Basin." Ecology and Industry of Russia 25, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2021-9-73-79.

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The results of a comprehensive agroecological assessment of the main watercourses of the Zuya river basin are presented. Studies were conducted in 2017–2020 and included: conducting a visual survey, measuring water consumption, assessing the qualitative characteristics of runoff, including phytotesting and determining its suitability for irrigation purposes. It was determined that the main pollutants of the watercourses were sulphates, phosphates, heavy metals. The assessment of salt composition of water resources has shown that they are mostly suitable for irrigation without restriction. However, according to the results of phytotesting, an inhibitory effect was recorded, which indicates a possible decrease in the yield of crops sensitive to water-contained pollutants. The water balance calculations showed the presence of a shortage of water resources in the Zuya river basin. The environmental situation on the surveyed water bodies was identified as unfavorable. The set of priority environmental measures includes: the creation of a permanent monitoring network, the arrangement of settlements with water disposal systems, the inventory of small water storage facilities and the implementation of the required repair and operational work on them, and the optimization of the number of water users.

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20

Onea and Rusu. "Long-Term Analysis of the Black Sea Weather Windows." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 9 (September 3, 2019): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7090303.

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A particular aspect of the maritime operations involves available weather intervals, especially in the context of the emerging renewable energy projects. The Black Sea basin is considered for assessment in this work, by analyzing a total of 30-years (1987–2016) of high-resolution wind and wave data. Furthermore, using as reference, the operations thresholds of some installation vessels, some relevant case studies have been identified. The evaluation was made over the entire sea basin, but also for some specific sites located close to the major harbors. In general, the significant wave heights with values above 2.5 m present a maximum restriction of 6%, while for the western sector, a percentage value of 40% is associated to a significant wave height of 1 m. There are situations in which the persistence of a restriction reaches a maximum time interval of 96-h; this being the case of the sites Constanta, Sulina, Istanbul or Burgas. From a long-term perspective, it seems that there is a tendency of the waves to increase close to the Romanian, Bulgarian, and Turkish coastal environments—while an opposite trend is expected for the sites located on the eastern side.

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21

Peng, Junwen, Qilong Fu, Toti E. Larson, and Xavier Janson. "Trace-elemental and petrographic constraints on the severity of hydrographic restriction in the silled Midland Basin during the late Paleozoic ice age." GSA Bulletin 133, no. 1-2 (April 22, 2020): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35336.1.

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Abstract Enrichment of redox-sensitive trace elements in ancient marine shales is conventionally believed to be controlled by marine benthic redox conditions, whereas the influence of hydrographic conditions on trace element enrichment pattern has been rarely considered. Here, we present newly obtained data sets from the Upper Pennsylvanian organic-rich Cline Shale in the Midland Basin, Texas, to illustrate the influence of hydrographic circulation on the trace-element enrichment pattern and the stratigraphic record of mudrocks. Various lithofacies, including siliceous mudrocks, argillaceous mudrocks, skeletal-bearing argillaceous mudrocks, calcareous mudrocks, and wackestone, are identified in the Cline Shale. Significant changes in the trace-element enrichment pattern, mineral composition, texture of framboidal pyrite, and other bulk geochemical parameters in different lithofacies are interpreted to have been caused by high-amplitude and high-frequency glacio-eustatic sea-level oscillations in the silled Midland Basin during the late Paleozoic ice age. Specifically, glacio-eustatic sea-level falls generally resulted in the severe isolation of the Midland Basin from the Panthalassic Ocean, highly restricted hydrographic circulation, long deep-water renewal time, euxinic bottom-water conditions, depleted seawater Mo (molybdenum) in the silled basin, and low sediment Mo/TOC (total organic carbon), coupled with significant extrabasinal detrital quartz input, forming siliceous mudrocks. Enhanced phosphorus cycling and excellent preservation conditions are considered to be responsible for the high TOC observed in siliceous mudrocks. In contrast, glacio-eustatic sea-level rises substantially enhanced water exchange between the basin and the Panthalassic Ocean, created overall suboxic to anoxic bottom-water conditions, resupplied seawater Mo, elevated sediment Mo/TOC, and increased platform carbonate production in the basin, forming calcareous mudrocks and wackestone.

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Jin, Chengsheng, Chao Li, Thomas J. Algeo, Guochang Wang, Wei Shi, Meng Cheng, Zihu Zhang, Haiyang Wang, Na Li, and Wei Wang. "Spatial heterogeneity of redox-sensitive trace metal enrichments in upper Ediacaran anoxic black shales." Journal of the Geological Society 178, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): jgs2020–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2020-234.

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The Ediacaran radiation of metazoans is widely thought to have been triggered by an increase in atmospheric and oceanic oxygen levels. Although supported by other proxies, rising oxygen levels were deduced to a significant degree from sedimentary enrichments of redox-sensitive trace elements (RSTEs). However, some organic-rich shales of this period show only minor enrichments in RSTEs, leaving the significance of RSTE data for palaeo-oxygenation interpretations in doubt. We measured and compiled proxies for marine redox conditions (Fe species, RSTEs), total organic carbon (TOC) and water mass restriction (Mo/TOC and Co × Mn v. Cd/Mo) in the intra-shelf Jiulongwan and basinal Sandu sections of the Nanhua Basin in South China. Compared with the same proxies from coeval sections in the Nanhua Basin and globally, our results document a strong spatial heterogeneity of RSTE enrichments in anoxic black shales during the late Ediacaran. We infer that RSTE enrichments were strongly influenced by local factors, such as basinal restriction, seawater RSTE concentrations, and differential elemental responses to redox conditions and other influences. The broader significance of our findings is that they highlight the difficulty of investigating global redox conditions based on an analysis of local RSTE proxies within a single depositional basin or a limited number of study sections.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Advances in the Cambrian Explosion collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/advances-cambrian-explosionSupplementary material: Tables S1–S3 are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5325047

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Collischonn, B., A. V. Lopes, and A. R. Pante. "Dealing with variability in water availability: the case of the Verde Grande River basin, Brazil." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 364 (September 16, 2014): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-364-176-2014.

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Abstract. This paper presents a water resources management strategy developed by the Brazilian National Water Agency (ANA) to cope with the conflicts between water users in the Verde Grande River basin, located at the southern border of the Brazilian semi-arid region. The basin is dominated by water-demanding fruit irrigation agriculture, which has grown significantly and without adequate water use control, over the last 30 years. The current water demand for irrigation exceeds water availability (understood as a 95 % percentile of the flow duration curve) in a ratio of three to one, meaning that downstream water users are experiencing more frequent water shortages than upstream ones. The management strategy implemented in 2008 has the objective of equalizing risk for all water users and consists of a set of rules designed to restrict water withdrawals according to current river water level (indicative of water availability) and water demand. Under that rule, larger farmers have proportionally larger reductions in water use, preserving small subsistence irrigators. Moreover, dry season streamflow is forecasted at strategic points by the end of every rainy season, providing evaluation of shortage risk. Thus, water users are informed about the forecasts and corresponding restrictions well in advance, allowing for anticipated planning of irrigated areas and practices. In order to enforce restriction rules, water meters were installed in all larger water users and inefficient farmers were obligated to improve their irrigation systems’ performance. Finally, increases in irrigated area are only allowed in the case of annual crops and during months of higher water availability (November to June). The strategy differs from convectional approached based only on water use priority and has been successful in dealing with natural variability of water availability, allowing more water to be used in wet years and managing risk in an isonomic manner during dry years.

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Chies, Jocelei M., Ana C. de O. Dias, Helio M. M. Maia, and Spartaco Astolfi-Filho. "BanAI a new isoschizomer of the type II restriction endonucleaseHaeIII discovered in aBacillus anthracisisolate from Amazon Basin." FEMS Microbiology Letters 215, no. 1 (September 2002): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11376.x.

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Ramos, Diovany D., Silvio B. Pereira, Fabiane K. Arai, Felipe A. dos Santos, and Thiago de O. Carnevali. "Water seasonality in granting permits and impact of irrigation in the Dourados River basin, MS, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 21, no. 7 (July 2017): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n7p499-504.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate water seasonality in the process of granting permits and the impact of irrigation in the Dourados River basin. For that, the hydrological behavior of the basin was analyzed. The minimal streamflows (Q7,10 and Q95), irrigation withdrawal flow (Qr) and the percent variation of the grant flows relative to monthly seasonal period in relation to the monthly withdrawal flow were obtained. The results allowed to verify that using criteria based on the monthly streamflow allows for better management of water use, because it allows for greater utilization of this resource in times with high water availability and imposes a realistic restriction during critical periods. The average annual water withdrawal for irrigation in the basin during the studied period was on the order of 2.99 m3 s-1, and the withdrawal flow in the month of highest demand (August) was 5.95 m3 s-1.

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Onyebuchi Victoria, Asiegbu, Ezekwe Ifeanyichukwu Clinton, and Raimi Morufu Olalekan. "Assessing pesticides residue in water and fish and its health implications in the Ivo river basin of South-eastern Nigeria." MOJ Public Health 11, no. 2 (August 17, 2022): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojph.2022.11.00390.

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This study assessed the concentration of pesticides residue in an agriculturally endemic basin in southeastern Nigeria, where pesticide is freely used without any form of regulations. Analysis of water and fish from the streams and tributaries in the basin reveal a very high level of pollution from organochloride pesticides and atrazine which occur above international drinking water standards and at health hazard levels where ecosystem and human health can be compromised. Some of these chemicals have been outrightly banned or their use restricted by international conventions, yet they are freely used in the study area. There is therefore a need for Nigeria to adhere to the provisions of the Stockholm Convention and the earlier Rotterdam Convention which list more chemicals for various forms of restriction to protect man and the environment.

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Demicco, Robert V., and Tim K. Lowenstein. "When “evaporites” are not formed by evaporation: The role of temperature and pCO2 on saline deposits of the Eocene Green River Formation, Colorado, USA." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 7-8 (November 4, 2019): 1365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35303.1.

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Abstract Halite precipitates in the Dead Sea during winter but re-dissolves above the thermocline upon summer warming, “focusing” halite deposition below the thermocline (Sirota et al., 2016, 2017, 2018). Here we develop an “evaporite focusing” model for evaporites (nahcolite + halite) preserved in a restricted area of the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Creek Basin of Colorado, USA. Nahcolite solubility is dependent on partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) as well as temperature (T), so these models covary with both T and pCO2. In the lake that filled the Piceance Creek Basin, halite, nahcolite or mixtures of both could have precipitated during winter cooling, depending on the CO2 content in different parts of the lake. Preservation of these minerals occurs below the thermocline (>∼25 m) in deeper portions of the basin. Our modeling addresses both: (1) the restriction of evaporites in the Piceance Creek Basin to the center of the basin without recourse to later dissolution and (2) the variable mineralogy of the evaporites without recourse to changes in lake water chemistry. T from 20 to 30 °C and pCO2 between 1800 and 2800 ppm are reasonable estimates for the conditions in the Piceance Creek Basin paleolake. Other evaporites occur in the center of basins but do not extend out to the edges of the basin. Evaporite focusing caused by summer-winter T changes in the solubility of the minerals should be considered for such deposits and variable pCO2 within the evaporating brines also needs to be considered if pCO2 sensitive minerals are found.

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Scheiber, Laura L., and Judson Byrd Finley. "Obsidian Source Use in the Greater Yellowstone Area, Wyoming Basin, and Central Rocky Mountains." American Antiquity 76, no. 2 (April 2011): 372–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.76.2.372.

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Using x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis from nearly 2,300 sourced obsidian artifacts in western Wyoming, southwestern Montana, and eastern Idaho, we demonstrate regional diachronic changes in access to and preference for particular obsidian sources throughout the West. We focus on both (I) long-term patterns of obsidian use that may inform us about the timing of precontact migrations of Numic (Shoshone) speakers into the Rocky Mountains and (2) the extent to which later contact among Native inhabitants and European immigrants was a mechanism for reducing elements of precontact mobility and exchange in the postcontact era. We view indigenous responses to contact in the study area as an active, strategic process with measurable material consequences. Despite a well-documented increase in mobility among local Native groups as a result of the introduction of the horse, our study demonstrates a restriction and reduction in Historic period source use in western Wyoming. We propose that changes in obsidian source use are a reflection of ethnogenesis and development of ethnographic bands as a response to culture contact among indigenous inhabitants and with Europeans.

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Kosilova, O. "RESTRICTIONS OF THE POLITICAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS: REGULATORY GROUNDS, MECHANISM OF IMPLEMENTATION." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Legal Studies, no. 114 (2020): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2195/2020/3.114-5.

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The article examines the problem of restriction of political rights and freedoms. It is emphasized that the protection against unlawful restrictions on political rights and freedoms is particularly important for the functioning of direct and mediatory democracy. The meaning of the concept of «restriction of rights and freedoms» is analyzed. The article addresses the basic principles which should not be violated when the restriction of rights and freedoms is applied. To achieve this goal, the author analyzes the rules of domestic law, the practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, the rules of international law governing these issues. The author differentiates political rights and freedoms into those that may be restricted in accordance with the provisions of the Basic Law of Ukraine and those that are not subject to any restrictions; features of realization of political rights and freedoms in comparison with other groups of rights, such as social and economic, cultural are defined. Some of the political rights and freedoms that may be restricted are analyzed and ways to restrict them are identified, in particular: the right to join political parties, suffrage, the right to peaceful assembly, rallies, marches and demonstrations, the right to equal access to public service, freedom words, thoughts, views and beliefs. It is noted that from the standpoint of the ECHR it is important to check whether the possibility of restricting the exercise of the right was provided by law; whether the purpose of such a restriction is legitimate; whether such a restriction is necessary in a democratic society. The legitimate grounds for restricting human rights enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine have been identified: public health; social necessity; rights, freedoms and dignity of citizens; public order; economic well-being; national security; territorial integrity; morality of the population. It is emphasized that in accordance with the practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, the restriction of the content and scope of rights and freedoms should be considered as a restriction. It is important that all restrictions were established exclusively by the constitution; were not arbitrary and unjust; the law restricting human rights must be of a general nature; restrictions must be proportionate and justified; they must optimally achieve a legitimate goal with minimal interference in the exercise of rights or freedoms, not to violate the essential content of the relevant right. It is determined that special qualification requirements for holding public positions, as well as participation in the electoral process (implementation of active and passive suffrage) cannot be considered restrictions. It is emphasized that the state, represented by its organs, should refrain from unjustified interference with political rights (for example, from discriminatory restrictions on the suspension of political rights of prisoners, violation of electoral secrecy of the ballot); take measures against possible violations of political rights by third parties (individuals, companies, etc.). It is concluded that restrictions on the exercise of political rights of individuals can be introduced either in favor of guaranteeing the rights of other individuals, or in favor of ensuring the functioning of the state. The legitimate exercise of political rights can be restricted only if the general conditions for interfering with fundamental human rights are met.

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REID, STEWART B., DAVID A. BOGUSKI, DAMON H. GOODMAN, and MARGARET F. DOCKER. "Validity of Lampetra pacifica (Petromyzontiformes: Petromyzontidae), a brook lamprey described from the lower Columbia River Basin." Zootaxa 3091, no. 1 (November 4, 2011): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3091.1.3.

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The Pacific Brook Lamprey, Lampetra pacifica Vladykov, 1973 was described from the lower Columbia River Basin near Portland, Oregon. Subsequently, L. pacifica has generally been treated as a junior synonym of the Western Brook Lamprey, L. richardsoni Vladykov and Follett, 1965, a species described from the Fraser River Drainage east of Vancouver, British Columbia. We reexamine the available morphological data used by previous authors (trunk myomere counts), report on recent collections from the Columbia Basin, and reinterpret the trunk myomere data in the context of recent genetic sampling from the same populations. Populations of L. pacifica are distinguished from those of L. richardsoni by trunk myomere counts of 53–60 (means 59), respectively, and by genetic sequence divergence (cyt b) of 2.85 to 3.20%. We find no support for placing L. pacifica in the synonymy of L. richardsoni and recognize L. pacifica as a valid species. However, we recognize that there is considerable unresolved diversity in the western North American lampreys and recommend restriction of L. pacifica to the Columbia Basin, suggesting that unresolved populations of Lampetra brook (non-parasitic) lampreys outside the basin with mean trunk myomere counts below 59 be referred to as L. cf. pacifica, until further systematic information is available.

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Sung, Jang, and Seung Seo. "Estimation of River Management Flow Considering Stream Water Deficit Characteristics." Water 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111521.

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South Korea endured extreme drought through 2015 and 2016. This hydrological drought led to a socio-economic drought which is a restriction on stream water use. Previous studies have explored streamflow drought using a threshold level based on flow duration curves, but streamflow drought does not necessarily lead to stream water deficit, which is related to water demand. Therefore, this study introduced a threshold for stream water deficit in South Korea, which is termed as river management flow, and was applied to Geum River Basin where a severe drought recently occurred. The stream water coordination council has restricted the use of stream water to cope with the stream water deficit. The deficit characteristics for the upstream and downstream river management flow should be similar in order to ensure the feasibility of stream water restrictions. Thus, upstream and downstream river management flows, which reproduced similar deficit characteristics to those of the reference site, were estimated. The deficit characteristics of Bugang and Gyuam were estimated from their river management flows for the 2015 drought and were comparable to those of Gongju. We expect this study to minimize the conflict between upstream and downstream water users in future.

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Khatri, Kumar, Bibhuti Ranjan Jha, Udhab Raj Khadka, and Smriti Gurung. "Evaluation of multiple water quality indices for irrigation purposes for the Bheri and Babai River systems, Nepal." Nepal Journal of Environmental Science 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njes.v10i2.47867.

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The main purpose of this study was to assess the irrigation water quality of the Bheri and Babai Rivers and their tributaries prior to the proposed inter-basin water transfer (IBWT) in western Nepal. A total of 40 water samples from five sites in each river system were collected from January (winter), March-April (spring), June (summer) and October (autumn) in 2018; and some important irrigation water quality parameters were assessed. All the assessed parameters viz. pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), permeability index (PI), percent sodium (%Na), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium hazard (MAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelly’s index (KI) from all sites were observed suitable for irrigation. USSL diagram showed that water from both the rivers belongs to the S1-C2 category indicating good for irrigation purposes. The Wilcox diagram revealed that all samples fall into the excellent to a good class. Based on Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI), 3 sampling sites fall in the high restriction category and 7 sampling sites fall in the moderate restriction category, indicating anthropogenic impacts on irrigation water quality at some sites.

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Huang, Pin-Chun, Kwan Lee, and Boris Gartsman. "Influence of Topographic Characteristics on the Adaptive Time Interval for Diffusion Wave Simulation." Water 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2019): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030431.

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Frequent flash floods in recent years have resulted in a major impact on the living environment, urban planning, economic system and flood control facilities of residents around the world; therefore, the establishment of disaster management and flood warning systems is an urgent task, required for government units to propose flood mitigation measures. To conserve the numerical accuracy and maintain stability for explicit scheme, the Courant–Friedrich–Lewy (CFL) condition is necessarily enforced, and it is conducted to regulate the relation between the numerical marching speed and wave celerity. On the other hand, to avoid the problem of flow reflux between adjacent grids in executing 2D floodplain simulation, another restriction on time intervals, known as the Hunter condition, was devised in an earlier study. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of these two time-interval restrictions during runoff simulations. Via a case study of the Komarovsky River Basin in Russia, the results show that at the beginning of a storm, the computational time interval is restricted by the CFL condition along the upstream steep hillsides, and the time interval is subject to the Hunter condition in the mainstream during the occurrence of the main storm. The reason of a reduction in computational efficiency, which is a common problem in conducting distributed routing, was clearly explained. To relax the time-interval restrictions for efficient flood forecasting, the research findings also indicate the importance of integrating modified hydrological models proposed in recent studies.

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Montiel, F., F. Bonnefoy, P. Ferrant, L. G. Bennetts, V. A. Squire, and P. Marsault. "Hydroelastic response of floating elastic discs to regular waves. Part 1. Wave basin experiments." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 723 (April 16, 2013): 604–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.123.

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AbstractA series of wave basin experiments is reported that investigates the flexural response of one or two floating thin elastic discs to monochromatic waves. The work is motivated by numerical model validation. Innovative techniques are used to ensure the experimental configuration is consistent with the model. This demands linear motions, time-harmonic conditions, homogeneity of the plate and the restriction of horizontal motions of the disc or discs. An optical remote sensing device is employed to record the deflection of the discs accurately. Tests involving a single disc and two discs are conducted for a range of disc thicknesses, incident wave steepnesses, frequencies and, in the case of two discs, geometrical arrangements. A data processing technique is used to decompose the raw data into its spectral harmonics and filter the higher-order components. Pointwise comparisons of the linear first-order component of the experimental deflection with numerical predictions are presented. Satisfying agreement is found, although the model consistently over predicts the deflection. Disc–disc interactions are observed in the two-disc tests. A brief discussion of the shortcomings of the pointwise analysis, with associated possible sources of discrepancy, provides a link to the study reported in Part 2 (Montiel et al. J. Fluid Mech., vol. 723, 2013, pp. 629–652).

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35

Sun, Xiaoduan, Bing Huang, Sherif Ishak, and Brian Wolshon. "Estimating the Safety Impact of Differential Speed Limit and Truck Lane Restriction on Interstate-10 through Atchafalaya Basin in Louisiana." Journal of Transportation Safety & Security 1, no. 3 (September 14, 2009): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19439960903149223.

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36

Dinarès-Turell, Jaume, Federico Ortı́, Elisabet Playà, and Laura Rosell. "Palaeomagnetic chronology of the evaporitic sedimentation in the Neogene Fortuna Basin (SE Spain): early restriction preceding the `Messinian Salinity Crisis'." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 154, no. 3 (November 1999): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(99)00109-1.

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37

Chies, J. "BanAI a new isoschizomer of the type II restriction endonuclease HaeIII discovered in a Bacillus anthracis isolate from Amazon Basin." FEMS Microbiology Letters 215, no. 1 (September 24, 2002): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1097(02)00917-5.

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38

Rowe, Harry D., Robert G. Loucks, Stephen C. Ruppel, and Susan M. Rimmer. "Mississippian Barnett Formation, Fort Worth Basin, Texas: Bulk geochemical inferences and Mo–TOC constraints on the severity of hydrographic restriction." Chemical Geology 257, no. 1-2 (November 2008): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.08.006.

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39

Kantek, Daniel Luis Zanella, Rafael Bueno Noleto, Alberto Sérgio Fenocchio, and Marta Margarete Cestari. "Cytotaxonomy, heterochromatic polymorphism and natural triploidy of a species of Astyanax (Pisces, Characidae) endemic to the Iguaçu river basin." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 50, no. 1 (January 2007): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132007000100008.

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Cytogenetic analysis with Astyanax sp. D revealed a karyotype of 2n=50 with 2M+26SM+6ST+16A, besides a triploid specimen showing 2n=75 chromosomes (3M+39SM+9ST+24A). C-banding strongly stained the terminal regions of several SM-ST-A chromossomes. Two pairs of acrocentric chromosomes presented interstitial heterochromatin, this state being polymorphic and occuring due to possible paracentric inversions. The results obtained with the AluI restriction enzyme and A3 chromomycin were similar to the C-banding. Relationships were proposed between Astyanax sp. D and A. scabripinnis, as well as considerations for a possible origin of the triploid specimen (2n=3x=75). When comparing the present results with cytogenetic features of other endemic Astyanax species in the Iguaçu river (A. sp. B and C), a clear differentiation was observed between them, indicating cytogenetics as an important cytotaxonomic tool.

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40

Pandey, Dhirendra Kumar, Franz T. Fürsich, Matthias Alberti, Ranajit Das, and Federico Olóriz Sáez. "First population-level study of the ammonite genus Hildoglochiceras Spath, and the Lower Tithonian record of the Hildoglochiceras Horizon in the Kachchh Basin, India." Zitteliana 96 (March 2, 2022): 1–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.73892.

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A Hildoglochiceras-rich horizon is reported from a thin carbonate intercalation within the siliciclastic Upper Jurassic Jhuran Formation of the Jara Dome, western Kachchh Mainland. The Hildoglochiceras specimens have been used for the first population-level study of the genus based on a multivariate analysis. High phenotype instability in the large sample confirms the occurrence of transient forms between morphospecies. Key morphological traits for interpreting Hildoglochiceras are stated, and the morphospecies Hildoglochiceras kobelli (Oppel) and H. kobelliforme (Bonarelli) are interpreted as a dimorphic pair. The ammonite-rich level is interpreted as a Hildoglochiceras Horizon, which is related to a transgressive pulse and maximum flooding zone interrupting largely restrictive conditions for ammonites. The endemic character of Hildoglochiceras is confirmed and related to its environmental restriction to shelf areas on the palaeomargins of the Trans-Erythraean Trough. A comprehensive review of biostratigraphic interpretations of Hildoglochiceras shows the influence of natural and experimental forcing factors. The uppermost Kimmeridgian to lowermost Upper Tithonian interval is the widest biostratigraphic range assumable for Hildoglochiceras based on existing reports, but most probably it was restricted to, or at least better represented in, Lower Tithonian horizons. The Hildoglochiceras Horizon described here is correlated with a lower part of the Albertinum/Darwini Zone in the Secondary Standard Scale for ammonite-based bio-chronostratigraphy in European and West-Tethyan areas. According to the current state of knowledge, a local rather than wide regional significance is favoured for Hildoglochiceras records before its significance for precise correlation across the Trans-Erythraean Trough.

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Camerlenghi, Angelo, and Vanni Aloisi. "Uncovering the Mediterranean Salt Giant (MEDSALT) - Scientific Networking as Incubator of Cross-disciplinary Research in Earth Sciences." European Review 28, no. 1 (October 7, 2019): 40–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798719000255.

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About 6 million years ago, the Mediterranean basin was the location of one of the most extraordinary events in the recent geological history of the Earth: the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Restriction of the seawater exchange between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean led to excess evaporation and deposition on the bottom of the deep Mediterranean basins of a 1.5 km-thick salt layer. Research on this event initiated a long-term scientific controversy. COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) and Marie Skłodowska-Curie European Training Networks were identified as the most appropriate tools to address and solve the controversy using a highly cross-disciplinary approach.

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Shentsis, Isabella, Eliahu Rosenthal, Akiva Flexer, and Nimrod Inbar. "Assessing Water Withdrawals in Scarce-Data Transboundary Areas by Use of Dynamic Precipitation–Flow Relationships: The Case of the Hasbani River Basin." Water 13, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 1440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111440.

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The present study proposes a nonstandard solution to the problem of assessing water withdrawals (AWW) in the scarce-data transboundary basin. The applied AWW method operates with the open-source available data on precipitation and river flow and thereby overcomes the usual restriction due to lack of data on shared water use in the Middle East. Analysis of dynamic precipitation-flow relationships enable to separate the effect of water withdrawals from the total decline of river flow under the decreasing precipitation. This study is the first which provides complete information (1972–2020) on water withdrawals from total, surface, and base flow of the Hasbani River (Lebanon). The resulting values that exceed by far earlier published estimates were confirmed by (i) indirect indices (area of irrigated land and population), and (ii) validation of the AWW method based on independent data on water use (Israel Water Authority). The study results are useful for water balance estimations, as well as for management of water resources in the Jordan River headwaters basin and in the entire Lake Kinneret Basin. The AWW method can be applied to other transboundary basins and enables historical and real-time monitoring of water withdrawals as a necessary database for settlement of riparian water relations.

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Crombez, Vincent, Sebastien Rohais, Tristan Euzen, Laurent Riquier, François Baudin, and Eider Hernandez-Bilbao. "Trace metal elements as paleoenvironmental proxies: Why should we account for sedimentation rate variations?" Geology 48, no. 8 (May 29, 2020): 839–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47150.1.

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Abstract Trace metal elements (TMEs) are commonly used to reconstruct the environmental conditions present during the deposition of organic-rich sediments. For example, TME concentrations controlled by changes in primary productivity and redox conditions are widely used in paleoenvironmental studies. Recently, these proxies have undergone a resurgence of interest and are commonly used in large-scale (10–1000 km) studies. However, applying these geochemical proxies at basin scale while ignoring variations in sedimentation rates (SR) may lead to misinterpretation of paleoenvironmental conditions. Here, we show how SR can affect the geochemical records and may lead to incorrect interpretations of TME evolution. Accounting for SR, we computed the authigenic fraction accumulation rates of key TMEs in the Upper Montney Formation and Doig Phosphate (Triassic, western Canada), and we correct the concentration of these elements in the Vaca-Muerta Formation (Jurassic–Cretaceous, Argentina). Our SR-corrected TME proxies require a different interpretation of paleoenvironmental conditions (e.g., primary productivity, basin restriction) compared to conventional TME results and highlight that elementary enrichments commonly interpreted as indicative of anoxic depositional environments may reflect low SR and the formation of condensed intervals. This work also introduces a new workflow to account for SR in paleoenvironmental studies at basin scale and over long time periods.

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Baldwin, Geoffrey J., Elizabeth C. Turner, and Balz S. Kamber. "A new depositional model for glaciogenic Neoproterozoic iron formation: insights from the chemostratigraphy and basin configuration of the Rapitan iron formation1Northwest Territories Geoscience Office Contribution 0052." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 49, no. 2 (February 2012): 455–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e11-066.

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Neoproterozoic iron formations record an unusual and apparently final recurrence of this sediment type after a hiatus of more than one billion years. Despite the unusual environmental conditions that led to their formation, specifically their association with glaciogenic deposits, Neoproterozoic iron formations have strongly influenced models for the Precambrian Earth’s surficial evolution and iron formation in general. A suite of high-quality trace element data for 42 samples from the Rapitan iron formation in northwestern Canada were used to reconstruct the configuration and redox evolution of the Rapitan Basin. Complete rare-earth element and yttrium (REE+Y) patterns demonstrate that the Rapitan Basin was hydrologically connected to the open ocean, but that local catchments of an evolved, possibly granitic composition supplied dissolved REE+Y, suggesting partial basin restriction. Molybdenum and U systematics are consistent and indicate a partly restricted, or “silled” basin. In contrast to modern analogues for such basins, such as the Cariaco Basin, the stratigraphic association with glaciogenic clastic rocks requires ice cover to be considered in basin reconstruction. Accordingly, the Rapitan iron formation was deposited through a complex interplay of processes: during intervals of ice cover, glacially sourced iron oxyhydroxides were bacterially reduced to dissolved ferrous iron, which was subsequently oxidized to ferric iron following ice withdrawal. During this time, extreme primary productivity in the shallow water column drove eutrophication at middle water depths and the production of a three-tiered stratified water column with ferruginous deep water, a thin euxinic wedge at middle depths, and oxic surface water. Regardless of the basinal redox conditions and depositional constraints, the absence of a positive Eu anomaly in the Rapitan iron formation suggests that the global ocean was fully oxygenated by the Neoproterozoic.

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Dimopoulos, Nikolaos, Eleftherios Georgoulas, Savvas Peridis, George Iliopoulos, Nikolina Bourli, Panayiota Antoniou, and Avraam Zelilidis. "Re-assessment of depositional conditions of Cretaceous deposits around the Amfilochia and Arta areas." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 55, no. 1 (December 11, 2019): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.20769.

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Sedimentological studies of the Cretaceous limestones in the central Ionian basin (Amfilochia, Arta as well as Kerasonas areas) indicate that these deposits are composed of calciturbidites interbedded with breccia-microbreccia deposits. In the Amfilochia new cross-section, with a NNW-SSE direction, the lower Cretaceous Vigla limestones and Vigla shales were outcropped for the first time. This section is directed parallel to the paleo Ionian basin axis and the fact of the lateral discontinuity of Vigla limestones and Vigla shales indicate that during the sedimentation of these two Formations there was a restriction along the paleo basin axis, probably due to synsedimentary transfer fault activity. Forty-two (42) samples from Vigla shales were analyzed for their content in CaCO3 and TOC, showed that these sediments present poor to fair hydrocarbon potential. In the Arta new cross-section, with a NE-SW direction, the Upper Cretaceous Senonian deposits showed strong deformation that took place during the compressional regime that affected the Ionian basin after sedimentation. This deformation appears stronger in the western part being close to a major thrust, and thus it is possible that this deformation could be responsible for the high secondary porosity of Upper Cretaceous deposits. Microfacies analysis of these deposits showed in general that deep-sea depositional environments prevailed, nevertheless in a few cases indications for the presence of environments with a shallow character imply the existence of isolated carbonate platforms close to the studied sections. In the studied sections with an E-W direction, no lateral changes were observed in the depositional conditions within the same Formation introducing standard depositional conditions across the paleo basin.

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MORAES-DA-SILVA, ANTONIO, RENATA CECÍLIA AMARO, PEDRO M. SALES NUNES, MIGUEL TREFAUT RODRIGUES, and FELIPE FRANCO CURCIO. "Long known, brand new, and possibly threatened: a new species of watersnake of the genus Helicops Wagler, 1828 (Serpentes; Xenodontinae) from the Tocantins-Araguaia River Basin, Brazil." Zootaxa 4903, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 217–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4903.2.3.

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We describe a new species of watersnake of the genus Helicops from the Tocantins-Araguaia River Basin based on characters of coloration and hemipenial morphology, also corroborated by a molecular phylogenetic analysis including 18 terminals of 10 additional congeners. The new species superficially resembles the spotted-patterned He. leopardinus, but differs from it in exhibiting dorsal spots fused into irregular bands, and a unique hemipenial structure with two pairs of distinctly enlarged basal spines. In addition, despite the superficial resemblance of color pattern, our genetic evidence indicates that the new species does not belong to the He. leopardinus radiation, representing the sister group of a component including terminals of this species, He. modestus, and He. infrataeniatus. Finally, we discuss the apparent restriction of the new species to the Tocantins-Araguaia Basin with focus on vicariant processes that may have promoted its differentiation, as well as on the conservation challenges in an area severely affected by anthropic impacts associated with the rapid expansion of hydroelectric and agricultural sectors in the Brazilian Cerrado.

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Fan, Junjia, Yiwen Ju, Quanlin Hou, Yudong Wu, and Xiaoshi Li. "Characterization of Coal Reservoirs in Two Major Coal Fields in Northern China: Implications for Coalbed Methane Development." Journal of Geological Research 2012 (July 8, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/701306.

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Based on the macroscopic and microscopic observation of coal structure, the vitrinite reflectance analysis, and the mercury injection testing of coal samples collected from Huaibei coalfield and Qinshui basin, the characterization of coal reservoir and its restriction on the development of coalbed methane are studied. The results indicate that coal reservoir in study area can be classified as five types according to the coal metamorphism and deformation degrees, and they are respectively high grade metamorphic and medium deformational to strongly deformation coal (I), high grade metamorphic and comparatively weakly deformational coal (II), medium grade metamorphic and comparatively strongly deformational coal (III), medium grade metamorphic and comparatively weakly deformational coal (IV), and low grade metamorphic and strongly deformational coal (V). Furthermore, the type II and type IV coal reservoirs are favorable for the development of the coalbed methane because of the well absorptive capability and good permeability. Thus, southern part of Qinshui basin and south-central of Huaibei coal field are potential areas for coalbed methane exploration and development.

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48

Griffis, N., I. Montañez, R. Mundil, D. Le Heron, P. Dietrich, C. Kettler, B. Linol, et al. "High-latitude ice and climate control on sediment supply across SW Gondwana during the late Carboniferous and early Permian." GSA Bulletin 133, no. 9-10 (February 1, 2021): 2113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35852.1.

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Abstract The response of sediment routing to climatic changes across icehouse-to-greenhouse turnovers is not well documented in Earth's pre-Cenozoic sedimentary record. Southwest Gondwana hosts one of the thickest and most laterally extensive records of Earth's penultimate icehouse, the late Paleozoic ice age. We present the first high-resolution U-Pb zircon chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) analysis of late Paleozoic ice age deposits in the Kalahari Basin of southern Africa, which, coupled with existing CA-ID-TIMS zircon records from the Paraná and Karoo Basins, we used to refine the late Paleozoic ice age glacial history of SW Gondwana. Key findings from this work suggest that subglacial evidence in the Kalahari region is restricted to the Carboniferous (older than 300 Ma), with glacially influenced deposits culminating in this region by the earliest Permian (296 Ma). The U-Pb detrital zircon geochronologic records from the Paraná Basin of South America, which was located downstream of the Kalahari Basin in the latest Carboniferous and Permian, indicate that large-scale changes in sediment supplied to the Paraná were contemporaneous with shifts in the SW Gondwana ice record. Gondwanan deglaciation events were associated with the delivery of far-field, African-sourced sediments into the Paraná Basin. In contrast, Gondwanan glacial periods were associated with the restriction of African-sourced sediments into the basin. We interpret the influx of far-field sediments into the Paraná Basin as an expansion of the catchment area for the Paraná Basin during the deglaciation events, which occurred in the latest Carboniferous (300–299 Ma), early Permian (296 Ma), and late early Permian (<284 Ma). The coupled ice and detrital zircon records for this region of Gondwana present opportunities to investigate climate feedbacks associated with changes in freshwater and nutrient delivery to late Paleozoic ocean basins across the turnover from icehouse to greenhouse conditions.

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49

Aspler, Lawrence B., and J. A. Donaldson. "Penecontemporaneous sandstone dykes, Nonacho Basin (early Proterozoic, Northwest Territories): horizontal injection in vertical, tabular fissures." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 827–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e86-084.

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Sandstone dykes in Proterozoic sedimentary rocks of Nonacho Basin cut only the fine-grained portions of cyclic fluvial, pond, and lacustrine deposits but occur repetitively through hundreds of metres of section. Such restriction to specific beds, in conjunction with erosional truncations of the dykes and association with sand volcanoes, indicates that the dykes are penecontemporaneous. Minimal compaction-related deformation, sharp dyke walls, and mud chips within dykes suggest that the fine-grained host rocks were cohesive before dyke emplacement. In sections parallel to bedding, the dykes are polygonal; normal to bedding, dyke configurations range from tabular to branching to fully developed reticulate networks. The dykes are generally massive, but grain size locally increases towards dyke centers. In contrast to most dykes described in the literature, internal stratification is generally at high angles to dyke walls and at low angles to sill walls.Of the hypotheses considered for dyke emplacement (sedimentary infill, hydroplastic squeezing, fluid injection, and foundering of the flanks of sand volcanoes), fluid injection is favoured as the most likely mechanism. Concurrent mudstone Assuring, sand liquefaction, and injection are attributed to earthquake shocks. Vertical fissures were filled with sand that was injected horizontally, a phenomenon not commonly reported. Widespread stratigraphic distribution of the dykes and an abundance of other soft-sediment deformation structures attest to numerous tectonic disturbances during sedimentation in Nonacho Basin.

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50

Fontes Júnior, Hélio Martins, Theodore Castro-Santos, Sergio Makrakis, Luiz Carlos Gomes, and João Dirço Latini. "A barrier to upstream migration in the fish passage of Itaipu Dam (Canal da Piracema), Paraná River basin." Neotropical Ichthyology 10, no. 4 (October 2012): 697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252012000400002.

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The majority of the fish passages built in the Neotropical region are characterised by low efficiency and high selectivity; in many cases, the benefits to fish populations are uncertain. Studies conducted in the Canal da Piracema at Itaipu dam on the Parana River indicate that the system component designated as the Discharge channel in the Bela Vista River (herein named Canal de deságue no rio Bela Vista or CABV), a 200 m long technical section, was the main barrier to the upstream migration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of restriction imposed by the CABV on upstream movements of Prochilodus lineatus and Leporinus elongatus, Characiformes. Fish were tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) and released both downstream and upstream of this critical section. Individuals of both species released downstream of the CABV took much more time to reach the upper end of the system (43.6 days vs. 15.9 days), and passed in much lower proportions (18% vs. 60.8%) than those tagged upstream of this component. Although more work is needed to differentiate between fishway effects and natural variation in migratory motivation, the results clearly demonstrate passage problems at the CABV.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Basin restriction'

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