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1
Goodrich, David Charles. "Basin Scale and Runoff Model Complexity." Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614028.
Full textAbstract:
Distributed Rainfall-Runoff models are gaining widespread acceptance; yet, a
fundamental issue that must be addressed by all users of these models is definition
of an acceptable level of watershed discretization (geometric model complexity). The
level of geometric model complexity is a function of basin and climatic scales as well
as the availability of input and verification data. Equilibrium discharge storage is
employed to develop a quantitative methodology to define a level of geometric model
complexity commensurate with a specified level of model performance. Equilibrium
storage ratios are used to define the transition from overland to channel -dominated
flow response. The methodology is tested on four subcatchments in the USDA -ARS
Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in Southeastern Arizona. The catchments
cover a range of basins scales of over three orders of magnitude. This enabled a
unique assessment of watershed response behavior as a function of basin scale.
High quality, distributed, rainfall -runoff data was used to verify the model (KINEROSR). Excellent calibration and verification results provided confidence in
subsequent model interpretations regarding watershed response behavior. An
average elementary channel support area of roughly 15% of the total basin area is
shown to provide a watershed discretization level that maintains model performance
for basins ranging in size from 1.5 to 631 hectares. Detailed examination of
infiltration, including the role and impacts of incorporating small scale infiltration
variability in a distribution sense, into KINEROSR, over a range of soils and
climatic scales was also addressed. The impacts of infiltration and channel losses
on runoff response increase with increasing watershed scale as the relative influence
of storms is diminished in a semiarid environment such as Walnut Gulch. In this
semiarid environment, characterized by ephemeral streams, watershed runoff
response does not become more linear with increasing watershed scale but appears
to become more nonlinear.
2
Tian, Weijia. "Model and context in the Mediterranean basin." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/232295.
Full textAbstract:
The intention of this thesis is to bring a realistic rethinking and test on actual facts and specific conditions of architectural practices in modern period with the aim of discovering the fundamental but rarely mentioned qualities that create the complexities and contradictions in the relationship between architectural form and place. The idea of emphasizing two terms, Model and Context, is to propose two concepts that stand for two characteristics that respectively similar with the meaning of ideology and realism. The whole phrase, "model and context", demonstrates the interest particularly in the discussing the relationship between those two, which is represented in the way of architectural intervention. Generally speaking, architectural interventions follow the way of staying in between, or in mutual, of those theoretical extremes, and that initiates the intent of this thesis to analyze this ambiguous status of this in between, between ideal and realistic. However, to use the new object to illustrate the characteristic of model is not appropriate and precise, the term model in the thesis represents a synonym meaning of a mental image that comes out from the intelligent storage of an architectural brain. The architectural intervention is the process that to apply the metaphorical emergence of model into the context of the site by means of modification and compromising. lf the aim of architectural design is to create art into the scenes presented by circumstances, or to fit and tally model to the mise en scène granted by context, to accomplish this aim, involves not only the pairing of designer's proper ideas with his previous decisions, modus, standardized orders, individual's manners, etc. but also the adjustment and attunement of those ideas to the particularity of place. So there is tension lying in the contradiction and confliclion between ideology and reality, and it is not meant to be overcome in a perfect blending of one with the other; instead, the contradiction indicates the way architecture use its separate mean to reveal the tacit or consistency of the pregiven context. This way of intervention and revealing is not passive but productive, not conforming to what is given but augmenting it and this productive way of how Mediterranean architecture act to its context is what this thesis all about. And the scope of the thesis is bounded in the Mediterranean Basin which has an addition restriction on the area of the north coastal shore of the western Mediterranean Sea is because, metaphorically, the architect who practiced in this specific region had been used to walk in design freedom that was sustained by the mixture of principles, knowledge, reflections and so on; and physically, the geographical and topographical qualities of this certain area have the most characteristic features on topography, layers, infrastructures , and so on, with their great benefits and values in the public spaces. Those challenges from the complexity of the natural environment and urban distribution offered architects the opportunities to face with problematic pre-conditions and actual difficulties on site. The seven ideas proposed in the way of seven journeys - belvedere, interface, landform, platonic center, urban panopticon, urban sequence, landmark - that illustrate a comprehensive landscape of thinking with perspective: what I wish to achieve is not an encyclopedia of containing a survey of every possible assumption to describe all the features of Mediterranean tools would have had, neither using several points of view to generalize a standardized manual without exceptions comprised by common rules and principles for that all the buildings have to obey when building in the Mediterranean Basin, but only to provide perspective thinking and understanding which could introduce the Mediterranean tools in an operative and systematic way.La intención de la tesis es llevar un replanteamiento realista y prueba en hechos reales y las condiciones específicas de los estudios de arquitectura en la época moderna, con la finalidad de descubrir las cualidades fundamentales, pero rara vez mencionan que crean las complejidades y contradicciones en la relación entre la forma arquitectónica y lugar. La idea de hacer hincapié en dos términos, Modelo y Contexto, es proponer dos conceptos que representan dos características que, respectivamente, similares con el significado de la ideología y el realismo, también, demuestra el interés en particular en la discusión de la relación entre los dos, que se representa en la forma de intervención arquitectónica. En términos generales, las intervenciones arquitectónicas siguen la forma de mantenerse en el medio, o de mutuo, de esos extremos teóricos, y que inicia el intento de esta tesis para analizar este estatus ambiguo de esta en el medio, entre el ideal y realista. El término modelo en la tesis representa un sinónimo significado de una imagen mental que sale desde el almacenamiento inteligente de un cerebro arquitectónico. La intervención arquitectónica es el proceso que se aplica a la aparición metafórica del modelo en el contexto del sitio por medio de la modificación y comprometedora. Si el objetivo del diseño arquitectónico es crear arte en los escenarios presentados por las circunstancias, o para adaptarse y el modelo de recuento para la puesta en escena otorgado por el contexto, para lograr este objetivo, implica no sólo la vinculación de las ideas propias del diseño con sus decisiones anteriores, modus, órdenes estandarizadas, etc., sino también la adaptación y armonización de esas ideas a la particularidad del lugar. Así que hay una tensión acostado en la contradicción y conflictividad entre la ideología y la realidad, y no está destinado a ser superado en una mezcla perfecta de uno con el otro, en cambio, la contradicción indica la forma en la arquitectura usar su media separada para revelar el tácito o consistencia del contexto de pre-determinado. Esta forma de intervención y reveladora no es pasiva, sino productivo, que no se ajusten a lo que se da, sino aumentándola y de esta manera productiva de cómo la arquitectura mediterránea acto de su contexto es lo que esta tesis trata. Y el alcance de la tesis está delimitada en la cuenca del Mediterráneo, que tiene una restricción, además de la zona de la orilla de la costa norte del Mediterráneo occidental se debe a que, metafóricamente, el arquitecto que se practica en esta región específica había sido usada para caminar en el diseño la libertad que fue sostenido por la mezcla de principios, conocimientos, reflexiones y así sucesivamente, y físicamente, las cualidades geográficas y topográficas de esta zona determinada tienen los rasgos más característicos de la topografía, las capas, las infraestructuras, etc., con sus grandes beneficios y valores en los espacios públicos. Esos desafíos de la complejidad del entorno natural y la distribución urbana ofrecen arquitectos la oportunidad de enfrentar con pre-condiciones problemáticas y dificultades reales en el lugar. Los siete ideas propuestas en el camino de siete jornadas-belvedere, interfaz, forma de relieve, centro platónico, panóptico urbano, secuencia urbana, sitio destacado-que ilustran un panorama integral de pensar con perspectiva: lo que quiero lograr no es una enciclopedia de contener un estudio de todas las posibles hipótesis para describir todas las características de las herramientas del Mediterráneo habría tenido, ni el uso de varios puntos de vista de generalizar un manual estandarizado y sin excepciones comprendidas en las normas y principios comunes para que todos los edificios tienen que obedecer a la hora de construir en la cuenca mediterránea, pero sólo para proporcionar el pensamiento y la comprensión que podría introducir las herramientas del Mediterráneo de forma operativa y sistemática la perspectiva.
3
Tian, Weijian. "Model and context in the Mediterranean basin." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/232295.
Full textAbstract:
The intention of this thesis is to bring a realistic rethinking and test on actual facts and specific conditions of architectural practices in modern period with the aim of discovering the fundamental but rarely mentioned qualities that create the complexities and contradictions in the relationship between architectural form and place. The idea of emphasizing two terms, Model and Context, is to propose two concepts that stand for two characteristics that respectively similar with the meaning of ideology and realism. The whole phrase, "model and context", demonstrates the interest particularly in the discussing the relationship between those two, which is represented in the way of architectural intervention. Generally speaking, architectural interventions follow the way of staying in between, or in mutual, of those theoretical extremes, and that initiates the intent of this thesis to analyze this ambiguous status of this in between, between ideal and realistic. However, to use the new object to illustrate the characteristic of model is not appropriate and precise, the term model in the thesis represents a synonym meaning of a mental image that comes out from the intelligent storage of an architectural brain. The architectural intervention is the process that to apply the metaphorical emergence of model into the context of the site by means of modification and compromising. lf the aim of architectural design is to create art into the scenes presented by circumstances, or to fit and tally model to the mise en scène granted by context, to accomplish this aim, involves not only the pairing of designer's proper ideas with his previous decisions, modus, standardized orders, individual's manners, etc. but also the adjustment and attunement of those ideas to the particularity of place. So there is tension lying in the contradiction and confliclion between ideology and reality, and it is not meant to be overcome in a perfect blending of one with the other; instead, the contradiction indicates the way architecture use its separate mean to reveal the tacit or consistency of the pregiven context. This way of intervention and revealing is not passive but productive, not conforming to what is given but augmenting it and this productive way of how Mediterranean architecture act to its context is what this thesis all about. And the scope of the thesis is bounded in the Mediterranean Basin which has an addition restriction on the area of the north coastal shore of the western Mediterranean Sea is because, metaphorically, the architect who practiced in this specific region had been used to walk in design freedom that was sustained by the mixture of principles, knowledge, reflections and so on; and physically, the geographical and topographical qualities of this certain area have the most characteristic features on topography, layers, infrastructures , and so on, with their great benefits and values in the public spaces. Those challenges from the complexity of the natural environment and urban distribution offered architects the opportunities to face with problematic pre-conditions and actual difficulties on site. The seven ideas proposed in the way of seven journeys - belvedere, interface, landform, platonic center, urban panopticon, urban sequence, landmark - that illustrate a comprehensive landscape of thinking with perspective: what I wish to achieve is not an encyclopedia of containing a survey of every possible assumption to describe all the features of Mediterranean tools would have had, neither using several points of view to generalize a standardized manual without exceptions comprised by common rules and principles for that all the buildings have to obey when building in the Mediterranean Basin, but only to provide perspective thinking and understanding which could introduce the Mediterranean tools in an operative and systematic way.La intención de la tesis es llevar un replanteamiento realista y prueba en hechos reales y las condiciones específicas de los estudios de arquitectura en la época moderna, con la finalidad de descubrir las cualidades fundamentales, pero rara vez mencionan que crean las complejidades y contradicciones en la relación entre la forma arquitectónica y lugar. La idea de hacer hincapié en dos términos, Modelo y Contexto, es proponer dos conceptos que representan dos características que, respectivamente, similares con el significado de la ideología y el realismo, también, demuestra el interés en particular en la discusión de la relación entre los dos, que se representa en la forma de intervención arquitectónica. En términos generales, las intervenciones arquitectónicas siguen la forma de mantenerse en el medio, o de mutuo, de esos extremos teóricos, y que inicia el intento de esta tesis para analizar este estatus ambiguo de esta en el medio, entre el ideal y realista. El término modelo en la tesis representa un sinónimo significado de una imagen mental que sale desde el almacenamiento inteligente de un cerebro arquitectónico. La intervención arquitectónica es el proceso que se aplica a la aparición metafórica del modelo en el contexto del sitio por medio de la modificación y comprometedora. Si el objetivo del diseño arquitectónico es crear arte en los escenarios presentados por las circunstancias, o para adaptarse y el modelo de recuento para la puesta en escena otorgado por el contexto, para lograr este objetivo, implica no sólo la vinculación de las ideas propias del diseño con sus decisiones anteriores, modus, órdenes estandarizadas, etc., sino también la adaptación y armonización de esas ideas a la particularidad del lugar. Así que hay una tensión acostado en la contradicción y conflictividad entre la ideología y la realidad, y no está destinado a ser superado en una mezcla perfecta de uno con el otro, en cambio, la contradicción indica la forma en la arquitectura usar su media separada para revelar el tácito o consistencia del contexto de pre-determinado. Esta forma de intervención y reveladora no es pasiva, sino productivo, que no se ajusten a lo que se da, sino aumentándola y de esta manera productiva de cómo la arquitectura mediterránea acto de su contexto es lo que esta tesis trata. Y el alcance de la tesis está delimitada en la cuenca del Mediterráneo, que tiene una restricción, además de la zona de la orilla de la costa norte del Mediterráneo occidental se debe a que, metafóricamente, el arquitecto que se practica en esta región específica había sido usada para caminar en el diseño la libertad que fue sostenido por la mezcla de principios, conocimientos, reflexiones y así sucesivamente, y físicamente, las cualidades geográficas y topográficas de esta zona determinada tienen los rasgos más característicos de la topografía, las capas, las infraestructuras, etc., con sus grandes beneficios y valores en los espacios públicos. Esos desafíos de la complejidad del entorno natural y la distribución urbana ofrecen arquitectos la oportunidad de enfrentar con pre-condiciones problemáticas y dificultades reales en el lugar. Los siete ideas propuestas en el camino de siete jornadas-belvedere, interfaz, forma de relieve, centro platónico, panóptico urbano, secuencia urbana, sitio destacado-que ilustran un panorama integral de pensar con perspectiva: lo que quiero lograr no es una enciclopedia de contener un estudio de todas las posibles hipótesis para describir todas las características de las herramientas del Mediterráneo habría tenido, ni el uso de varios puntos de vista de generalizar un manual estandarizado y sin excepciones comprendidas en las normas y principios comunes para que todos los edificios tienen que obedecer a la hora de construir en la cuenca mediterránea, pero sólo para proporcionar el pensamiento y la comprensión que podría introducir las herramientas del Mediterráneo de forma operativa y sistemática la perspectiva.
4
Tetsoane, S. T., Y. E. Woyessa, and W. A. Welderufael. "Evaluation of the SWAT model in simulating catchment hydrology : case study of the Modder River Basin." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 13, Issue 3: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/313.
Full textAbstract:
Published ArticleThis paper presents the set-up and the performance of the SWAT model in the Modder River Basin. Two techniques widely used, namely quantitative statistics and graphical techniques, in evaluating hydrological models were used to evaluate the performance of SWAT model. Three quantitative statistics used were, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), present bias (PBIAS), and ratio of the mean square error to the standard deviation of measured data (RSR). The performance of the model was compared with the recommended statistical performance ratings for monthly time step data. The model performed well when compared against monthly model performance ratings during calibration and validation stage.
5
Venema, Henry David. "A management planning model for the Senegal River Basin." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6879.
Full textAbstract:
The Senegal River Basin (SRB), located in the Sahel region of West Africa is undergoing fundamental environmental, hydrologic and socio-economic transitions simultaneously. The tri-nation (Senegal, Mauritania and Mali) river basin development authority, the Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur du Fleuve Senegal (OMVS) is attempting to execute a shift to irrigated rice production in the river basin for domestic consumption, to ease the severe foreign exchange shortfalls these riparian nations face. Compounding the severe effects of the drought on the river basin ecology is the negative impact of the state imposed agricultural policy of rice production. Rice production in the arid river valley has been a financial and social failure. This study postulates an alternative utilization of the scarce water resources in the basin. The water demand pattern for an alternative natural resources management focused agricultural development policy is based on the irrigation water requirements of well-researched village-scale irrigation projects in the SRB, and intensive irrigated agro-forestry projects. The agro-forestry production system analyzed has the joint objectives of using irrigation to re-establish a protective, diverse and productive bio-mass cover in the desertifying river valley, and to reverse the tide of drought induced migration from rural to urban areas. A comparative river system simulation study was conducted to analyze the effects of both the rice production development policy (policy RP) and the natural resources management policy (policy NRM), on the full agricultural development potential of the SRB. Alternative hydrologic scenarios were generated for the simulation study according to the Senegal River time series analysis, for the historical level, 1970s level drought and 1980s level drought. For all hydrologic scenarios the lower over-all demand pattern exerted by policy NRM allowed a higher full development potential than for policy RP. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
6
Whittier, Jonathan Douglas, and Thomas III Maddock. "A lower San Pedro river basin groundwater flow model." Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/615794.
Full textAbstract:
Water issues in the Lower San Pedro River basin in southeastern Arizona are
becoming increasingly contentious as urban development, agriculture, and mining needs
compete with the needs of the riparian habitat. To better understand the water demands
in this basin, a new groundwater flow model has been created.
First, the conceptual model was produced using various Geographic Information
System (GIS) applications. A new method allocating digital precipitation data to the
smaller drainages within the watershed was used to estimate mountain front recharge.
Well data was gathered from both the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and
Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR). Depth to bedrock was interpolated
from an earlier gravity survey of the area. The current extent of riparian vegetation was
determined by recent United States Forest Service aerial photography. GIS shapefiles
were created depicting the data necessary for MODFLOW.
Second, the numerical MODFLOW model was formed using GMS (Groundwater
Modeling System), a graphical user interface for MODFLOW. GMS was used to create
the grid, allocate the information from the shapefiles into MODFLOW input files, create
the MODFLOW numerical model, and calibrate the model. The model results project
potential impacts to the overall sustainability of groundwater within the basin. In the
future, the model will be used as an administrative tool to assess alternative land
management scenarios and their abilities to sustain or improve the riparian habitat along
the San Pedro River.
7
Norreys, Richard. "Water quality river impact model (RIM) for river basin management." Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305863.
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Turrini, Claudio. "3D structural model of the Po Valley basin, Northern Italy." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066464.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse présente le modèle 3D du bassin de la Plaine du Pô en Italie du nord. Les six parties de la thèse conduisent le lecteur à partir du cadre géologique de base aux géométries et à la cinématique de la déformation à travers la région, ainsi qu’aux possibles applications en milieu académique ou industriel. Le modèle a intégré des données éparses et de qualité inégale, tirées exclusivement de la littérature publique. L'ensemble de données utilisées pour la création du modèle se base strictement sur des données en profondeur (i.e. dans leur dimension de profondeur). Les données sismiques disponibles ont été intentionnellement écartées pour les raisons suivantes: a) elles sont mal distribuées à travers le secteur d'étude, b) elles se rapportent à des images de basse qualité, d) leur intégration dans le modèle aurait impliqué un long et difficile travail d’évaluation du meilleur modèle de vitesse de propagation des ondes sismiques dans les sédiments, le mieux à même d’être employé pour une conversion finale temps-profondeur, la variation latérale et verticale des vitesses sismiques à l’échelle régionale étant douteuse ou, au mieux, incertaine. La méthodologie appliquée, la création de modèles et l'analyse des améliorations du modèle 3D fournissent un certain nombre de conclusions sur la géométrie, le style structural et la cinématique de la Plaine du Pô et leur contribution en terme de sismicité du bassin et de son potentiel pétrolier, avec une confirmation mutuelle des, mais aussi par, les résultats locaux et épars obtenus par d’autres auteurs. Le résultat principal du projet est d'avoir prouvé la capacité du modèle à visualiser et analyser la complexité du bassin de la Plaine du Pô dans les 3 dimensions à différentes échelles d'observation, de l’échelle crustal jusqu'au niveau des prospectsThis thesis deals with the 3D model building of the Po Valley foreland basin in northern Italy. The six parts of the thesis lead from the basic geological framework to the deformation geometries and kinematics across the region, to some of the possible model applications, for both academia and industry. The model has integrated sparse and variable quality data, exclusively taken from the public literature. The complete dataset used for the performed model building, strictly relies on depth-data (i.e. in their depth dimension). As such, the few available seismic data have been intentionally left apart because: a) they are poorly distributed across the study-area, b) they definitely refer to low quality images, d) their integration into the model would have implied a long and difficult work about the definition of the most-likely sediment velocities to be used for an ultimate time-depth conversion, uncertain and, at best, questionable. The applied methodology, the related model building and the progressing analysis of 3D model results suggest and discuss a number of conclusions about the Po Valley structural geometries-style-kinematics. From such results can be derived implications on basin seismicity and hydrocarbon potential, while confirming (thus being supported by) the local and sparse results of previous authors. The major result from the project is to have proven the model capability in rendering and analyzing the entire Po Valley basin structural complexity in 3D dimensions, from crustal to field scale. Thanks to this, the model is unique in the literature of the region
9
Dougher, Frank L. "A Macroterrain Landtype Association Classification Model For The Great Basin." DigitalCommons@USU, 2002. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6593.
Full textAbstract:
Three Macroterrain Landtype Association classification models were developed to stratify and categorize Utah's West Desert. These models approached terrain segmentation using an energy-flow paradigm from erosional to transitional to depositional landscape. One model was developed as a slope-backed deterministic model that used slope-threshold limits to discriminate between Landtype Associations. A second model was developed as a stochastic, training-data driven supervised classification, using comparative t-values to classify the landscape to the most similar landtype class. The third model was a probabilistic algorithm, which classified the landscape to the most probable class based on multiple iterations of the stochastic model. These models were assessed for performance against Macroterrain Landtype Association classifications from three independent geographical datasets. The performance assessment involved calculating model-to-reference agreement, a piecewise assessment of errors for each Macroterrain Landtype Association class, and a measure of the modeI-to-reference performance relative to that performance expected from random chance.
10
Booler, Jonathan Paul. "Carbonate facies, sequences and associated diagenesis, Upper Cretaceous, Tremp Basin, Spanish Pyrenees." Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5527/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis details the results of an integrated study of carbonate platform sedimentology, geometry, evolution and diagenesis within a sequence stratigraphic framework. This study has been based on the Upper Cretaceous carbonates within the Tremp basin of the Spanish Pyrenees, which, through the effects of minor tectonic deformation during the later parts of the Pyrenean orogeny, are exceptionally well exposed and can be studied in the form of a platform to basin cross-section upon a scale that is comparable to that of a seismic section. This study concentrates on the mid-Turonian to Coniacian-aged Congest platform and its associated basinal succession, whose sedimentology and geometrical features, in particular cyclic progradational cycles, and evidence of repeated flooding and exposure of the platform-top are interpreted in terms of . fluctuations in relative sea-level and associated variations in available accommodation space. These interpretations, together with evidence of subaerial exposure in the form of karst features, intensive dissolution and the presence of speleo-cements, are used to propose a dynamic 'forced regression' model for the evolution of the Congost platform, which involves two phases of platform development, separated by a period of forced regression. The primary and secondary porosity afforded by the abundant bi-mineralic rudists within the platform-top sediments allows for a detailed and comprehensive diagenetic study of these carbonates, in the form of a case study for a number of interesting diagenetic features. In addition to standard petrography, cathodoluminescence and stable isotope studies have been employed and have allowed the identification of such features as botryoidal calcitic marine cements, neomorphism which occurred in lagoonal waters and speleo-cements. This study also provides a detailed investigation of the diagenesis associated with subaerial exposure and the development of sequence boundaries. Differences in the early diagenesis of these carbonates from different parts of the Congost platform suggest that two separate phases of platform development experienced: 1) differing pore-fluid regimes; 2) differing frequencies and duration of subaerial exposure events; and 3) different magnitudes of relative sea-level fall. These features are considered in terms of variations in accommodation space during platform development and are used to develop the dynamic 'forced regression' model for the evolution of the Congost platform. A succession of Cenomanian to Santonian-aged basinal and slope sediments which can be correlated with the contemporaneous Santa Fe, Congost and Sant Comeli platforms and contain a large amount of allochthonous debris, much of which is derived from underiying units, are described and interpreted in terms of local tectonic activity and relative sea-level change. The final part of this thesis presents a new sequence stratigraphic model for the mid-Turonian to Coniacian-aged Congost platform which is compatible with the observations and conclusions of this study. This new sequence stratigraphic model suggests that the Congost platform developed within two separate depositional sequences, albeit with one being on a much larger scale than the other. Sequence boundaries are characterised by subaerial exposure on the platform top which can be correlated with hardgrounds and/or glauconite accumulations within the more basinal locations, overlain by deeper-water facies. The presence of submarine onlap surfaces and down-slope slide deposits immediately above the sequence boundaries suggests that the major transgressive events which followed sequence boundary development were brought about by local extensional tectonic activity, while the stratigraphic cyclicity within the sequences and major falls in sea-level which produced the sequence boundaries are interpreted to have resulted largely from eustatic processes.
11
Hebebrand, Kristen Marie. "Potential Spread of Hydrilla verticillata in the Great Lakes Basin." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1546710742578768.
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Keskin, Fatih. "Hydrological Model Study In Yuvacik Dam Basin By Using Gis Analysis." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608191/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, semi-distributed hydrological model studies were carried out with the
Mike11 model in Yuvacik dam Basin. The basin with a drainage area of 257.8 km2 is
located in 12 km South East of Izmit city in Türkiye. The basin is divided into three sub-basins named as Kirazdere, Kazandere and Serindere where each sub-basin is represented by its own characteristics. The largest peaks of inflow were observed when the storm events occur due to both snowmelt and rain. Therefore, observed flows for the period of 2001-2006 were grouped as daily and hourly storm events according to the event types such as rainfall, snowmelt or mixed events. Rainfall- Runoff Model (NAM) module of the model was used for the simulation of daily snowmelt and rain on snow events and Unit Hydrograph Method (UHM) module was used for the simulation of hourly rainfall events. A new methodology is suggested for the determination of Curve Number (CN) of the sub-basins by using the fractional area and topographic index values combined with hourly model simulations. The resulting CN values were used in the UHM module v and the suggested CN approach has been validated with the classical SCS-CN approach with GIS analysis. As a result of the study, the parameters of each sub-basin are calibrated with hourly and daily model simulations. The resulting flows are compared with the observed flows where model efficiency is tested with visual and statistical evaluations. The modeling studies give promising results for the computation of runoff during different seasons of a year.
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Moglen, Glenn E. "Simulation of observed topography using a physically-based basin evolution model." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11747.
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Millspaugh, John Henry. "Screening model optimization for Panay River Basin planning in the Philippines." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60770.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-44).
The state of the water resources of the Panay River Basin have motivated studies and initial basin planning to mitigate flood damages, to produce hydroelectricity, and to increase irrigated rice areas. The goal of this study was to provide the optimal design parameters for facilities potentially to be placed in the basin and the water management variables associated with operating these facilities. This study considered four reservoirs, four hydropower facilities, and an irrigation facility. Screening model optimization produced results to provide insight for future water resources management in the basin. The modeling was completed in GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System).
by John Henry Millspaugh.
M.Eng.
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Abdullah, Twana. "Groundwater Vulnerability Using DRASTIC model Applied to Halabja Saidsadiq Basin, IRAQ." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-61783.
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Yilmaz, Deniz. "Estimation Of Specific Flow Duration Curves Using Basin Characteristics Of Rivers In Eastern Blacksea Basin." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613279/index.pdf.
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New and renewable energy resources are important in view of reduction of greenhouse gasses causing climate change and in eliminating of dependence on foreign sources in energy respects. Within this context, hydraulic energy is evaluated as one of the prior energy resources that should be utilized. Turkey has 26 basins and Eastern Black Sea Basin is one of the most feasible basins with a lot of small hydroelectric power plants. In the other hand, there is not enough number of discharge gauging stations in the basin. For that reason, up to now generally area ratio method has been used to estimate the project discharges of small hydroelectric power plants. Objective of this study is to estimate &ldquothe project discharge&rdquo
which is corresponding to 5 flow percentiles (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) depending on topographical, meteorological, hydrologic and soil-land cover parameters through developing a multilinear statistical model for Iyidere Basin as a part of Eastern Black Sea Basin. Perimeter of the basin, the ratio of the basin perimeter to the main stream length of the same basin, the drainage frequency, the mean slope of basin, v the mean annual precipitation and the curve number are the parameters that have been analysed for the multilinear statistical model. Principal Component Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis and Stepwise Regression Analysis have been run for the data sets. For the computed discharges validation has been done. As a result of validation, it has been seen that the stepwise regression gives much closer discharge values to the observed values than the multiple regression results.
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Karaaslan, Huseyin Nail. "Estimation Of Specific Flow Duration Curves Using Basin Characteristics Of Rivers In Solakli And Karadere Basins." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612873/index.pdf.
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Demand for energy is constantly growing both in the world and in Turkey. Sustainable development being an important concept, development of small hydro power projects has been popular in recent years. Eastern Black Sea Basin in Turkey has a lot of small hydro power potential because of high amount of precipitation and existence of steep slopes. Since the amount of river runoff is the only parameter that is variable in order to determine the power potential, it is vital to estimate the project discharge in ungauged basins accurately that have hydro power potential. Projects discharges of hydro-power plants in ungauged basins have been calculated using conventional methods up to now. This study aims to introduce a statistical model in linear and multi-variate form using the topographical and morphological parameters derived from GIS and hydro-meteorological variables to estimate the specific flow duration curves of potential small hydro-power locations for the selected study areas in Eastern Black Sea Region namely Solakli and Karadere basins. As well as developing an annual regression model using the annual values of hydro-meteorological parametersseasonal regression model (spring season) has also been developed by including the mean seasonal (spring) air temperature variable instead of snow covered area (SCA) in addition to basin parameters. By studying the spring model, effect of different variables from the annual model were tested and discussed with some recommendations for the future studies.
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James-Smith, Julianne Marie. "Development of a water management model for the evaluation of streamflow for aquifer storage and recovery." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENS/09ensj291.pdf.
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Addendum on back page. Includes bibliography. Groundwater levels within the Willunga Basin, South Australia, are declining due to excessive extraction of water for irrigation purposes. An alternative source of water is needed to supplement the declining levels to ensure the sustainability of the groundwater system. A model was developed to evaluate the potential for using aquifer storage and recovery in conjunction with the surface storage of streamflow as a possible alternative water source. The application of this model to the largest catchment in the Willinga basin shows that sufficient streamflow is available to reverse the current overexploitation of the groundwater system.
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Veitch, Jennifer Anne. "Numerical model investigation of near-surface circulation features of the Angola Basin." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6449.
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Includes bibliographical references.The primary objective of this thesis is to identify and investigate the most prominent circulation features of the Angola Basin from the output parameters of the OPAITOTEM Ocean Parallelisel Trois Oceans Tropicaux) tropical circulation model, focusing particularly on the so-called Angola Gyre and the Angola Dome. Analyses of the effect of windstress, windstress curl and Ekman pumping, all computed from ERS satellite-derived wind speeds, were conducted. The OPAITOTEM model does not resolve the 'Angola Gyre', but it does resolve a large-scale (1000-2000km) dome-like feature, which has been defined as the 'Model Dome' within this study. The most conspicuous feature of the Angola Basin discerned in the thermohaline output of the OPAITOTEM model is a ridge-like structure of the thermocline (the Model Dome), which results in a cool feature that 'outcrops' most distinctly at a depth of 45m. At greater depths, a permanent upward doming of the isotherms beneath the Angola Benguela Frontal Zone (ABFZ) is observed. In January, February, September, October and November the 'outcropping' of the thermocline-ridge is deepest and appears as a distinctly isolated cool feature at 4Sm. No clear cydonic circulation is associated with the Model Dome. However, the northern limb is unequivocally coincident with the South Equatorial Undercurrent (SEUC) at 2-5"S and the South Equatorial Countercurrent (SECC) at 10·S. Upon reaching the African coast, the SEUC and SECC bend poleward to form the southward Angola Current, which constitutes the eastern limb of the Model Dome. The southern and eastern limbs of the dome are not as dearly defined and are associated with a weak westward flow regime. The shallow portion of the Model Dome has a distinct semi-annual signal whereby it migrates southward between September-November and again between January-April. This signal is in accordance with the magnitude and southward displacement of the core of the SEUC. The SEUC is most intense in January, February, September and October reaching velocities of about O.14m.s·1 and is weakest in June and July (O.02-O.06m.s-) The deep portion of the Model Dome shows little seasonal variability, other than a slight northward tilt of its vertical axis when the thermocline-ridge is furthest south. Similarly, the SECC, which constitutes the northern limb of the deeper cool feature, is fairly consistent throughout the year, in both position and magnitude (-0.01 m.s-)
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Bottiglieri, Michael John. "Uncertainty assessment for free-running model cases at the IIHR wave basin." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2049.
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Uncertainty analysis is performed to analyze the motions and results of maneuvering characteristics of a 1/49 scale surface combatant model during free-running maneuverability testing. The model is designed with a twin rudder and twin propeller rotating inwards. Calm water and wave testing is completed with an initial ship speed corresponding to a Froude number of 0.20 while the wave cases have wavelength to ship length ratio of 1.0 and wave height to wavelength ratio of 0.02. These conditions were tested for course keeping, turning circle, and zig zag maneuvers. The turning circles were completed to both port and starboard side. Tracking of the model is completed with an overhead carriage design with a mounted camera to record the motions of the ship and convert these motion to six degree of freedom motions. The combination of the tracking systems are analyzed to find the systematic standard uncertainty of the system.
Uncertainty was performed in accordance with the performance test codes written by ASME during 2013 to find the systematic standard and random uncertainty of measurements. The random uncertainty is found based on the standard deviation of repeated measurements, while the systematic standard uncertainty is found based on the bias of the measurement system and the sensitivity coefficients found from the data reduction equations. The data reduction equations are used to non-dimensionalize the measured values to compare to CFD results as well as results from other model scales. From the data reduction equations partial derivatives are taken to determine how the uncertainty propagates throughout the sensitivity coefficients. After the uncertainties are calculated the results were compared to other facilities to evaluate the method used and gauge the quality of the repeatability of the measurements. Few other facilities have analyzed the uncertainty during free running tests past looking at the random error based on repeated tests. The comparison with these facilities displayed that the uncertainty process and measurement repeatability used by IIHR at the wave basin produce consistent results with limited uncertainties when the end results of maneuvering characteristics are observed. Large uncertainties occur for some of the measured variables during the full scale of the testing time when the uncertainties are reported as a percentage of the harmonic amplitudes and the reported harmonic amplitude are near zero with a small uncertainty.
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Ahmed, Tarek Abdallah. "The development of a systematised decision process for optimising water allocation plans in Egypt." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361546.
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Jiang, Zhenjiao. "Analysis and modelling of the hydraulic conductivity in aquitards : application to the Galilee Basin and the Great Artesian Basin, Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/73181/1/Zhenjiao_Jiang_Thesis.pdf.
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In large sedimentary basins with layers of different rocks, the groundwater flow between aquifers depends on the hydraulic conductivity (K) of the separating low-permeable rocks, or aquitards. Three methods were developed to evaluate K in aquitards for areas with limited field data:
• Coherence and harmonic analysis: estimates the regional-scale K based on water-level fluctuations in adjacent aquifers.
• Cokriging and Bayes' rule: infers K from downhole geophysical logs.
• Fluvial process model: reproduces the lithology architecture of sediment formations which can be converted to K.
These proposed methods enable good estimates of K and better planning of further drillholes.
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Danner, Constance L. "Documentation and testing of the WEAP model for the Rio Grande/Bravo Basin." Thesis, (4 MB), 2006. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA471843.
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Thesis (M.S. in Engineering)--University of Texas at Austin, 2006."August 2006." Description based on title screen as viewed on June 1, 2010. DTIC Descriptor(s): Computer Programs, Ground Water, Basins (Geographic), Computerized Simulation, Volume, Water Flow, Reservoirs, Mexico, North America, Streams, Banks (Waterways), Models, Physical Properties, Theses. DTIC Identifier(s): Rio Grande/Bravo Basin, Water Evaluation and Planning System, WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planning System), Weap Model, IBWC (International Boundary and Water Commission). Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-41). Also available in print.
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Radell, Mary Jo. "Three-dimensional groundwater flow model use and application Bishop Basin, Owens Valley, California /." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1989_192_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Bauer, Friederike Ursula. "The Sabiñánigo Sandstone Succession, Jaca Basin, Southern Pyrenees, NE-Spain a depositional model /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-opus-79774.
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Premo, Lucas Steven. "A predictive model of Late Archaic Period site locations in the Tucson basin." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291462.
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Due to characteristically poor archaeological visibility, Late Archaic Period (2000 B.C.-A.D. 500) assemblages, which hold clues about the behavior of people who lived in the Tucson Basin during a period marked by the important socio-economic transition from hunting and gathering to food production, suffer high risks of being effaced by Tucson's urban sprawl. This thesis presents a predictive archaeological model of Late Archaic Period site locations in the Tucson Basin using multiple logistic regression and GIS. The statistical results of the regression analysis indicate that three environmental variables--elevation, path distance to "reliable" water sources (streams), and path distance to arable landforms--influenced Late Archaic Period site placement. The spatial results highlight Tucson Basin land parcels that are likely to contain Late Archaic Period sites based on empirical relationships between known site locations and environmental variables in surveyed areas.
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Lagerblad, Lovisa. "Assessment of environmental flow requirements in Buzi River basin, Mozambique." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-150870.
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Rivers belong to the world’s most complex ecosystems but increasing demands for water are degrading rivers worldwide. The increase in human populations and activities has resulted in an intense and difficult conflict between the development of rivers as a natural resource and their function as living ecosystems. It is now widely recognized that a naturally variable flow regime is required to sustain freshwater ecosystems. Many countries that experience river degradation have started to implement environmental flows, i.e. the unallocated flow purposely preserved in a river. The objectives of this thesis are twofold. The first aim is to briefly describe the concept and science of environmental flows and the different methodologies for calculating environmental flows. This was done based on a literature review of the subject. The second aim is to present a case study calculating the environmental flow requirements. The case study was conducted through a field study in the Buzi River basin in Mozambique and the subsequent modeling of the environmental flow requirements. The literature study showed that not only the quantity of water is important; the timing and frequency of floods, droughts, low flows and high flows are very important as well. The literature study also showed that the advances in environmental flow science have been remarkable while the water policy and management has not been equally successful in implementing environmental flow standards. The calculation of environmental flow requirements was done with the Desktop Reserve Model developed in South Africa. The results indicated that to maintain the ecological status in the Buzi River at a largely natural condition (ecological category A) an average allocation of 57 % of mean annual runoff (MAR) is required. The present ecological status was determined in Revue River, which is one of the three major tributaries to Buzi River. To maintain the Revue River at its present ecological state requires an environmental flow between 23-37 % of MAR. The major environmental threats in Revue River are erosion and flow modification. The erosion is a consequence from artisanal gold mining, inadequate farming practices and deforestation. The flow alterations are caused by the large Chicamba Dam constructed for the generation of hydropower. One of the questions this thesis aimed to answer was if it was possible to set the present ecological state with a limited amount of data. This study showed that it could be possible but that the confidence level will be low. The relationships between ecological metrics and flow alterations must be investigated in detail for this region before environmental flow requirements can be successfully calculated and implemented.Floder hör till jordens mest komplexa och känsliga ekosystem, men ett ökat tryck på våra vattenresurser har försämrat situationen för många av världens floder. Befolkningsökningen och den globala utvecklingen har resulterat i en intensiv och komplicerad konflikt mellan utnyttjandet av floder som en naturresurs och bevarandet av deras funktion som unika ekosystem. Det är nu allmänt accepterat att den naturliga flödesvariabiliteten behövs för att bevara våra sötvattenekosystem. Flera länder där försämringen av floder är ett faktum har börjat införa miljöanpassade flöden, det vill säga vatten som medvetet tilldelas flodens ekosystem. Det finns två syften med det här examensarbetet. Det första är att genom en litteraturstudie beskriva miljöanpassade flöden och de modeller som används för att beräkna detta flöde. Det andra målet är att göra en fallstudie och beräkna det miljöanpassade flödet och bestämma den ekologiska statusen för Buzi floden i Moçambique. Litteraturstudien visade att det inte bara är kvantiteten av vatten som är viktigt; tidpunkt och återkomsten av översvämning, torka, lågflöden och högflöden är mycket viktiga om man vill efterlikna det naturliga flödet. Litteraturstudien visade även att framstegen i kunskapen om miljöanpassade flöden har varit stora medan vattenlagstiftningens anpassning och införandet av miljöanpassade flöden har varit svag i flera avseenden. Modellerandet gjordes med den sydafrikanska Desktop Reserve Model. Resultaten från modellen visade att för att bibehålla den ekologiska statusen för Buzi floden i ett nära naturligt stadium (ekologisk klass A) krävs en tilldelning på 57% av medelårsavrinningen. Den nuvarande ekologiska statusen bestämdes i Revue floden, som är en av tre huvudfloder i Buzi avrinningsområdet. För att behålla Revue floden i sitt nuvarande tillstånd skulle kräva ett miljöanpassat flöde på mellan 23-37% av medelårsavrinningen. De största ekologiska hoten i Revue floden visade studien var erosion och flödesförändringar. Erosionen är en konsekvens av guldutgrävning, jordbruk med fel teknik, och skogsavverkning. Flödesförändringarna härrör från den stora vattenkraftsstationen Chicamba Dam. En av frågorna den här studien syftade till att besvara var om det är möjligt att bestämma den nuvarande ekologiska statusen med en begränsad tillgång till data. Studien visade att det är möjligt men att osäkerhetsnivån i resultatet kommer att vara stort. Studien visade även att modellen Desktop Reserve Model kan användas för snabba beräkningar av det miljöanpassade flödet, men att mer utförliga studier som till exempel Building Block Methodology måste genomföras innan resultatet med säkerhet kan verifieras. Relationen mellan ekologiska förändringar och flödesvariationer måste utredas i detalj för studieområdet innan de miljöanpassade flödesbehoven kan bli implementerade med framgång.
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Neto, Francisco OtÃvio Landim. "Application DPSIR model in river basin howler monkeys, Ceara, Brazil: subsidies for local environmental management." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16006.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoO planejamento e gestÃo ambiental em uma bacia hidrogrÃfica sÃo necessÃrios para o estabelecimento da utilizaÃÃo adequada dos recursos naturais existentes. Daà se ressalta a importÃncia de estudos que reÃnem e discutam os aspectos naturais, econÃmicos e sociais que influenciam na dinÃmica daquela unidade ambiental. Com efeito, realizou-se o diagnÃstico ambiental da bacia hidrogrÃfica do rio Guaribas, litoral oeste do CearÃ, Nordeste do Brasil, com a aplicaÃÃo de indicadores do modelo DPSIR (Driving Forces, Pressures, State, Impact, Responses). Dentre os objetivos especÃficos, citam-se: (i) realizar a caracterizaÃÃo ambiental e socieconÃmica da bacia hidrogrÃfica do rio guaribas, (ii) analisar o conjunto de indicadores do modelo DPSIR como instrumento de apoio à tomada de decisÃo no Ãmbito de polÃticas pÃblicas, (iii) Forncer um conjuto de propostas que visam melhorar a qualidade de vida da populaÃÃo presete na Ãrea de estudo. O embasamento teÃrico-metodolÃgico foi alicerÃado no modelo conceitual DPSIR, desenvolvido pela OrganizaÃÃo para a CooperaÃÃo e Desenvolvimento EconÃmico em 2002. O modelo citado privilegia a anÃlise das relaÃÃes ecossistÃmicas e antropogÃnicas inseridas nos sistemas ambientais presentes na Ãrea de estudo. Desse modo, a pesquisa proporcionou uma anÃlise integrada dos problemas ambientais em relaÃÃo Ãs causas que os produzem, sendo ainda incluso as respostas entendidas como aÃÃes propositivas que podem ser fomentadas e desenvolvidas pelas administraÃÃes pÃblicas, pela sociedade civil e pelos setores econÃmicos. Entende-se que a apropriaÃÃo do espaÃo na Ãrea de estudo ocorre em funÃÃo do processo de urbanizaÃÃo, das instalaÃÃes do complexo portuÃrio e da utilizaÃÃo dos recursos naturais, atraÃdos pela polÃtica de desenvolvimento econÃmico estadual que, ao entrar em conflito com as comunidades tradicionais, evidencia uma distribuiÃÃo desigual dos usos do espaÃo litorÃneo. Assim, à possÃvel afirmar que a aplicabilidade do modelo DPSIR foi de grande relevÃncia, pois proporcionou uma anÃlise integrada dos problemas socioambientais, sendo ainda incluso as aÃÃes propositivas que podem ser fomentadas pelas administraÃÃes pÃblicas, sociedade civil e setores econÃmicos. Considera-se que hà necessidade urgente de disciplinamento na utilizaÃÃo dos ambientes litorÃneos presentes no setor oeste do Estado do CearÃ.
The planning and environmental management within a watershed are needed to establish the appropriate use of natural resources. From this, it is emphasized the importance of studies that gather and discuss the aspects of natural, economic and social dynamics that influence the environmental unit. In effect, it was done the environmental diagnosis of river basin of Guaribas, west coast of CearÃ, Northeast of Brazil, with the application of indicators of DPSIR model (Driving Forces, Pressures, State, Impact, Responses). Among the specific objectives are: (i) identify the main environmental problems affecting the population that inhabits the river basin of Guaribas, (ii) analyze the set of indicators of the DPSIR framework as a tool to support decision making in context of public policy, (iii) identify the actions needed to solve the environmental problems found in the study area. The theoretical and methodological framework was founded on DPSIR conceptual model, developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in 2002. The above model focuses on the analysis of the ecosystemic and anthropogenic relationships embedded in the environmental systems present in the study area. Thus, the research provided an integrated analysis of environmental problems in relation to the causes that produce them, and even included the answers understood as purposeful actions that can be fostered and developed by government, civil society and economic sectors. It is understood that the appropriation of space in the study area occurs as a result of the urbanization process, the facilities of the port complex and the use of natural resources, attracted by the policy of state economic development state that, when conflict with the traditional communities, shows an uneven distribution of uses of coastal space. Thus, it was possible to say that the applicability of the DPSIR model was of great importance because it provided an integrated analysis of environmental problems, which still included the purposeful actions that can be fostered by government, civil society and economic sectors. It is considered that there is urgent need for discipline in the use of coastal environments present in the western sector of the State of CearÃ.
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MacDonald, Matthew Kenneth. "Hydrometeorological response to chinook winds in the South Saskatchewan River Basin." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19561.
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The South Saskatchewan River Basin (SSRB) is amongst the largest watersheds in Canada. It is an ecologically diverse region, containing Montane Cordillera, Boreal Plains and Prairie ecozones. The SSRB is subject to chinooks, which bring strong winds, high temperatures and humidity deficits that alter the storage of water during winter. Approximately 40% of winter days experience chinooks. Ablation during chinooks has not been quantified; it is not known how much water evaporates, infiltrates or runs off. The aim of this thesis is to characterise the spatial variability of surface water fluxes as affected by chinooks over SSRB subbasins and ecozones. The objectives are addressed using detailed field observations and physically based land surface modelling. Eddy covariance was deployed at three prairie sites. During winter chinooks, energy for large evaporative fluxes were provided by downward sensible heat fluxes. There was no evidence of infiltration until March. The Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) coupled to the Prairie Blowing Snow Model (PBSM) was used as the modelling platform. A multi-physics version of CLASSPBSM was developed, consisting of two parameterisation options each for sixteen processes. Field observations were used to evaluate each of the configurations. Three parameterisations provide both best snow and best soil water simulations: iterative energy balance solution, air temperature and wind speed based fresh snow density and de Vries’ soil thermal conductivity. The model evaluation highlighted difficulties simulating evaporation and uncertainty in simulating infiltration into frozen soils at large scales. A single model configuration is selected for modelling the SSRB. Modelling showed that the SSRB generally experiences no net soil water storage change until March, confirming field observations. Chinooks generally reduce net terrestrial water storage, largely due to snowmelt and subsequent evaporation and runoff. The Prairie ecozone is that which is most strongly affected by chinooks. The Montane Cordillera ecozone is affected differently by chinooks; blowing snow transport increases during winter and runoff increases during spring. The Lower South Saskatchewan is the subbasin most affected by chinooks. The Red Deer is the subbasin least affected by chinooks.
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Ramiah, Kalidhasen. "2D Geomechanical Model for an Offshore Gas Field in the Bredasdorp Basin, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5863.
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Magister Scientiae - MSc (Earth Science)This thesis provides a 2D geomechanical model for the K-R field, Bredasdorp Basin and describes the workflow and process to do so. This study has a unique density correction software applied to density data, prior to the estimation of geopressure gradients. The aim of this research is to create a model that evaluates the geomechanical behaviour of the upper shallow marine reservoir (USM) and provide a safe drilling mud window for future in the area.
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Nawahda, Amin Ismael Amin. "Three-dimensional river basin simulation with distributed runoff model for water quantity and quality." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144868.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第11507号
工博第2453号
新制||工||1332(附属図書館)
23150
UT51-2005-D257
京都大学大学院工学研究科土木ｼｽﾃﾑ工学専攻
(主査)教授 小尻 利治, 教授 寶 馨, 教授 中北 英一
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Goodrich, David Charles. "Geometric simplification of a distributed rainfall-runoff model over a range of basin scales." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185051.
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Distributed rainfall-runoff models are gaining widespread acceptance; yet, a fundamental issue that must be addressed by all users of these models is definition of an acceptable level of watershed discretization (geometric model complexity). The level of geometric model complexity is a function of basin and climatic scales as well as the availability of input and verification data. Equilibrium discharge storage is employed to develop a quantitative methodology to define a level of geometric model complexity commensurate with a specified level of model performance. Equilibrium storage ratios are used to define the transition from overland to channel-dominated flow response. The methodology is tested on four subcatchments in the USDA-ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in southeastern Arizona. The catchments cover a range of basins scales of over three orders of magnitude. This enabled a unique assessment of watershed response behavior as a function of basin scale. High quality, distributed, rainfall-runoff data were used to verify the model (KINEROSR). Excellent calibration and verification results provided confidence in subsequent model interpretations regarding watershed response behavior. An average elementary channel support area of roughly 15% of the total basin area is shown to provide a watershed discretization level that maintains model performance for basins ranging in size from 1.5 to 631 hectares. Detailed examination of infiltration, including the role and impacts of incorporating small-scale infiltration variability in a distribution sense, into KINEROSR, over a range of soils and climatic scales was also addressed. The impacts of infiltration and channel losses on runoff response increase with increasing watershed scale as the relative influence of storms is diminished in a semi-arid environment such as Walnut Gulch. In this semi-arid environment, characterized by ephemeral streams, watershed runoff response does not become more linear with increasing watershed scale but appears to become more nonlinear.
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Gillespie, Jeremy Micheal. "A Conceptual Model OF Groundwater Flow in Spring Valley, NV, AND Snake Valley, NV-UT." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2271.pdf.
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Tromboni, Flavia. "Integrated hydrologic-economic model for sustainable water resources management in front of climate change. The Tunuyán River basin and the Piave River Basin case studies." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423337.
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Abstract
The research carried out investigated the structure of the complex system composed by hydrological, economic and climatic variables, with the aim of sustainable water management modelling.
Two case studies (the Tunuyán River Basin and Piave River Basin) were investigated, applying different methodologies for data analysis, due to the diverse management objectives and specific site characteristics.
In the Tunuyán River Basin case study a correlation analysis on time series data of annual grape yields, sugar rate, monthly temperatures and precipitations was carried on, in order to individuate possible relations between them. Strong correlations were found between annual grape yield and minimum temperature of June, minimum temperature of July, maximum temperature of January, maximum temperature of October and the PVC index of precipitations. Correlations were strong also between sugar rate in grape and minimum temperature of July, minimum temperature of November, Minimum temperature of December, Maximum temperature of February, Maximum temperature of November and the PVC index. A multi-linear regression analysis was then applied to data in order to quantify those relations.
A Mann Kendall analysis was applied on time series of meteorological data and the Tunuyán River up flow discharge, to detect significant trends. Significant positive trends were identified on the total annual river flow and on mostly monthly river flows except for July, August, September and December monthly flows, which trends were not significant.
The optimum area to be sustainable irrigated with a 12” pump, energy requirements and energy cost for water extraction were estimated using data available from pumping tests. Irrigation water demand as total crop water requirements was estimated using the FAO Penman-Monteith formula.
Energy cost variations were examined to evaluate the economic impact of climate warming. The cultivated area increase rate (as a consequence of economic development) was also considered.
Finally, all variables were integrated in a whole dynamic system model written in Vensim, to analyse the dynamic of the entire system through time. The objective formula of the integrated model is the maximisation of net benefit minimizing water use.
In the Piave River Basin case study a Mann-Kendall trend analysis was carried on to detect trends in time series of monthly precipitations. Significant trends were indentified identified only in September precipitations.
An optimization model written in GAMS was applied to estimate the cultivation pattern for optimum water allocation.Abstract La ricerca ha analizzato la sruttura del sistema complesso costitutio da variabili idrologiche, economiche e climatiche, con l’obbiettivo della modellazioneper la gestione sostenibile delle risorce idriche. Due casi studi sono stati approfonditi, il bacino del fiume Tunuyan (Mendoza, Argentina) e il bacino del fiume Piave (Italia). Diverse metodologie di analisi dei dati sono state applicate, a causa di diversi obbiettivi gestionali e seconda della caratteristiche specifiche di ciascuna zona. Nel caso studio del bacino del fiume Tunuyan è stata condotta un’analisi di correlazione tra serie storiche di dati di produzione di uva, tenore zuccherino nell’uva, temperature mensili di precipitazioni, con l’obbiettivo di identificare possibili relazioni tra le variabili. Forti correlazioni sono state identificate tra produzione annuale di uva e temperatura minima di Giugno, temperatura minima di Luglio, temperatura minima di Novembre, temperatura minima di dicembre, temperatura massima di febbraio, temperatura massima di Novembre e l’indice PVC di precipitazioni. Un’analisi di regressione lineare multipla è infine stata applicata ai dati per quantificare tali relazioni. L’analisi delle tendenze delle serie storiche di dati meteorologici e di portata del fiume Tunuyán è stata condotta attraverso il test non parametrico Mann Kendall, che ha permesso di valutare le tendenze significative. Tendenze positive sono state identificate nella portata a monte totale e in quasi tutte le serie storiche delle portate mensili, tranne per Luglio, Agosto, Settembre e Dicembre, le cui tendenze sono risultate non significative. L’area di irrigazione ottimale con una pompa di estrazione di 12” ,le necessità energetiche e i costi di estrazione dell’acqua sotterranea sono stati calcolati attraverso i dati disponibili da test di pompaggio condotti dall’INA (Istituto Nacional del Agua di Mendoza). La domanda irrigua, calcolata come necessità idriche delle colture è stata stimata usando la formula FAO Penman-Monteith. Le variazioni nei costi sono state esaminate per valutare i possibili impatti del riscaldamento globale. L’incremento di area coltivata come conseguenza dello sviluppo economico è stato preso in considerazione. Infine tutte le variabili sono state integrate in un modello olisitco scritto in Vensim, con l’obbiettivo di analizzare la dinamica dell’intero sistema nel tempo. La formula obbiettivo del modello integrato è la massimizzazione dei profitti minimizzando l’utilizzo di risorsa idrica. Nel caso studio del bacino del Piave un’analisi di tendenza Mann-Kendall è stata condotta per individuare le tendenza nelle serie storiche di dati di precipitazione. Tendenze positive sono state identificate solo nelle precipitazioni di Settembre. Un modello di ottimizzazione scritto in GAMS è stato infine applicato per stimare il pattern di coltivazione per l’allocazione ottimale della risorsa idrica.
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Wijnen, Jeroen Johan Andreas. "A groundwater flow and particle tracking model of the Iraí-basin, Paraná, Brazil 13 Tabellen /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=966590368.
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Sharma, Vandana, and Vandana Sharma. "A Seasonal Groundwater Flow Model of the Upper San Pedro River Basin, Cochise County, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626829.
Full textAbstract:
The hydrologic system of the Upper San Pedro River Basin is threatened with the
depletion of surface water flow in the San Pedro River. The decrease in agricultural pumping
in the San Pedro National Conservation Area (SPRNCA) from the late 1980s to mid 1990s
did not increase baseflow in the San Pedro significantly. A four-season model with seasonal
variations in agricultural pumping, inflow from Government Draw, and ET was developed
for two purposes: 1) to better understand the hydrologic system and provide potential
explanations for observed baseflow trends and 2) to assist with future management of the
SPRNCA.
The steady oscillatory model reasonably simulated heads in baseflows observed in the
late 1930s to early 1940s. The conceptual model showed higher stream leakages during
season 3 than in season 2, but the model simulated greater leakage in season 2. The variations
in flows from season to season may be better reproduced with varying channel geometry for
each season.
The transient model covered the 1941 to 1995 period and was calibrated with respect
to ET from 1987 to 1995. Calculations ofET and groundwater discharge along the San Pedro
revealed some interesting results. Both ET and groundwater discharge near Palominas
decreased significantly from the late 1980s. Near Charleston, groundwater discharge shows
a decreasing trend but ET shows an increasing trend. Near Tombstone, baseflow shows a
slight decrease and relatively constant ET.
Though the model predicts head distributions relatively well, baseflows are
overpredicted during periods of low flows. The total modeled inflows into the basin are contributing to the inability of the model to simulate baseflows, and the model needs to be
calibrated with respect to baseflows between Palominas and Lewis Springs.
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Edossa, D. C., and M. S. Babel. "Development of streamflow forecasting model using artificial neural network in the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 10 , Issue 1: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/332.
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Published ArticleEarly indication of possible drought can help in developing suitable drought mitigation strategies and measures in advance. Therefore, drought forecasting plays an important role in the planning and management of water resource in such circumstances. In this study, a non-linear streamflow forecasting model was developed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling technique at the Melka Sedi stream gauging station, Ethiopia, with adequate lead times. The available data was divided into two independent sets using a split sampling tool of the neural network software. The first data set was used for training and the second data set, which is normally about one fourth of the total available data, was used for testing the model. A one year data was set aside for validating the ANN model. The streamflow predicted using the model on weekly time step compared favorably with the measured streamflow data (R2 = 75%) during the validation period. Application of the model in assessing appropriate agricultural water management strategies for a large-scale irrigation scheme in the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia, has already been considered for publication in a referred journal.
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Hamilton, Susan Lynne, and Thomas III Maddock. "APPLICATION OF A GROUND-WATER FLOW MODEL TO THE MESILLA BASIN, NEW MEXICO AND TEXAS." Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/620116.
Full textAbstract:
It has been said that watersheds and aquifers ignore political boundaries.
This phenomenon is often the reason for extensive regulation of surface -water
and ground -water resources which are shared by two or more political entities.
Regulation is often the result of years of litigation over who really owns the
water, how much is owned, and how much is available for future use. Groundwater
models are sometimes used as quantitative tools which aid in the decision
making process regarding appropriation and regulation of these scarce, shared,
water resources. The following few paragraphs detail the occurrences in the
Lower Rio Grande Basin which led to the current ground -water modeling effort.
New Mexico, Texas and Mexico have wrestled forever over the rights to
the Lower Rio Grande and the aquifers of the Rio Grande Basin (Figure 1). As
early as 1867, due to a flood event on the Rio Grande, Texas and Mexico were
disputing the new border created by the migrating Rio Grande. During the
1890's, the users upstream from the Mesilla and El Paso Valleys were diverting
and applying so much of the Rio Grande that the Mesilla and El Paso valley
farmers litigated in order to apportion and guarantee the supply. In the recent
past, disputes over who may use the ground -water resources of the region and the
effect of surface- water uses on aquifer water levels resulted in litigation between
El Paso, Texas, and New Mexico.
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Mendes, Wagner Josà da Silva. "Adaptation of streeter model - Phelps for water quality modeling in a large semi-arid basin." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13522.
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This paper presents an adaptation of the classical model of Streeter-Phelps modeling of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) in the basin of the Upper Jaguaribe (25,000 km2), State of Ceara, Brazil. The adaptation of the model consisted of the numerical solution of differential equations Streeter-Phelps, considering the effect of incremental flows and sewage releases over the sections, as well as the variability of the sections of rivers and tributaries. For model calibration, including the adjustment of reaeration coefficients (K2) and removal of BOD (Kd), we used the data of the Plan of Management of Waters of the Rio Jaguaribe Basin. Calibration results showed that this simplified model represented well the balance between DO and BOD in a large semi-arid basin, with a good fit for both parameters. For OD, the average deviation was 8.44% and 6.04% by the end and beginning of the rainy season, respectively. As for BOD, the deviations were 18.51% and 30.43% for the two seasons, respectively. In both periods, the OD remained within the standards for Class 2 of Resolution CONAMA 357/2005 throughout the stretch and the BOD breached this limit on a short stretch near the city of Taua. With the already calibrated model were simulated three scenarios: a large full, using as reference flow Q10 of a historical series of Jaguaribe; drought, using the Q50 of the series; and implementation of a WWTP with 80% removal of BOD in all seats. The simulations showed consistent results and that serve as a basis for management of water resources of the study area.Este trabalho apresenta uma adaptaÃÃo do modelo clÃssico de Streeter-Phelps para modelagem de OxigÃnio Dissolvido (OD) e Demanda BioquÃmica de OxigÃnio (DBO) na bacia do Alto Jaguaribe (Ãrea de 25.000 km2), Estado do CearÃ, Brasil. A adaptaÃÃo do modelo consistiu na resoluÃÃo numÃrica das equaÃÃes diferenciais de Streeter-Phelps, considerando o efeito de vazÃes incrementais e lanÃamentos de esgoto ao longo dos trechos, assim como a variabilidade das seÃÃes dos rios e tributÃrios. Para calibraÃÃo do modelo, incluindo o ajuste dos coeficientes de reaeraÃÃo (K2) e remoÃÃo de DBO (Kd), foram utilizados os dados do Plano de Gerenciamento das Ãguas da Bacia do Rio Jaguaribe. Os resultados da calibraÃÃo mostraram que esse modelo simplificado representou bem o balanÃo entre OD e DBO em uma grande bacia semiÃrida, apresentando um bom ajuste para os dois parÃmetros. Para OD, o desvio mÃdio foi de 8,44% e 6,04% para o fim e inÃcio da estaÃÃo chuvosa, respectivamente. Jà para DBO, os desvios foram de 18,51% e 30,43% para as duas estaÃÃes, respectivamente. Nos dois perÃodos, o OD manteve-se dentro dos padrÃes para Classe 2 da resoluÃÃo CONAMA 357/2005 em todo o trecho e a DBO infringiu este limite em um pequeno trecho prÃximo à cidade de TauÃ. Com o modelo jà calibrado, foram simulados trÃs cenÃrios: uma grande cheia, utilizando como vazÃo de referÃncia o Q10 de uma sÃrie histÃrica do Jaguaribe; estiagem, utilizando o Q50 da sÃrie histÃrica; e, implantaÃÃo de uma ETE com remoÃÃo de 80% de DBO em todas as sedes. As simulaÃÃes apresentaram resultados coerentes e que servem como base para o gerenciamento dos recursos hÃdricos da bacia estudada.
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Barczok, Maximilian R. "Water Cycle of Closed-basin Lakes in the Northern Great Plains: A Model-Based Approach." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1430745741.
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Mounir, Adil. "Development of a Reservoir System Operation Model for Water Sustainability in the Yaqui River Basin." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1513880139368117.
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Shosted, George Eric 1942. "Application of the mixing cell model to analyze water quality relationships in an irrigated basin." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191952.
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The Discrete-State Compartment (DSC) model was used to model water quality in a hypothetical valley in the southwestern United States. The objective was to predict water quality changes over a 100- year period due to changes in pumping scenarios over that time period. Total dissolved solids (TDS) were used as an indictator of the change in water quality. The system was modeled using 82 compartment (cells) based on the groundwater pattern as modeled by the McDonald-Harbaugh groundwater flow model (MODFLOW). Trends in the concentration of TDS were graphed for specific cells. These trends showed a diminishing of water quality in all scenarios.
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Hamilton, Susan Lynne 1964. "Application of a ground-water flow model to the Mesilla Basin, New Mexico and Texas." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278362.
Full textAbstract:
Resolution of litigation between El Paso, Texas, and New Mexico over the water resources of the Mesilla Basin prompted a ground-water modeling study to address the common concerns of both parties. Participants requested development of a model which eventually could be used to simulate the ground-water and surface-water system's response to lining a portion of the canal system and to changes in pumping stresses within the Mesilla Basin. An existing U.S. Geological Survey ground-water flow simulation (Frenzel and Kaehler, 1990; Frenzel, 1992) was updated and revised through modification and incorporation of a new Streamflow-Routing (Prudic, 1989) package for use with MODFLOW (a three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater flow model; McDonald and Harbaugh, 1988). The modified Streamflow-Routing package was used to simulate the complex Mesilla Valley river, canal, and drain system. Updating also included incorporation of information on pumping stresses; canal, river, and drain parameters; Mesilla Valley boundary fluxes; and stream/aquifer interactions.
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Waibel, Michael Scott. "Model Analysis of the Hydrologic Response to Climate Change in the Upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/45.
Full textAbstract:
Considerable interest lies in understanding the hydrologic response to climate change in the upper Deschutes Basin, particularly as it relates to groundwater fed streams. Much of the precipitation occurring in the recharge zone falls as snow. Consequently, the timing of runoff and recharge depend on accumulation and melting of the snowpack. Numerical modeling can provide insights into evolving hydrologic system response for resource management consideration. A daily mass and energy balance model known as the Deep Percolation Model (DPM) was developed for the basin in the 1990s. This model uses spatially distributed data and is driven with daily climate data to calculate both daily and monthly mass and energy balance for the major components of the hydrologic budget across the basin. Previously historical daily climate data from weather stations in the basin was used to drive the model. Now we use the University of Washington Climate Impact Group's 1/16th degree daily downscaled climate data to drive the DPM for forecasting until the end of the 21st century. The downscaled climate data is comprised from the mean of eight GCM simulations well suited to the Pacific Northwest. Furthermore, there are low emission and high emission scenarios associated with each ensemble member leading to two distinct means. For the entire basin progressing into the 21st century, output from the DPM using both emission scenarios as a forcing show changes in the timing of runoff and recharge as well as significant reductions in snowpack. Although the DPM calculated amounts of recharge and runoff varies between the emission scenario of the ensemble under consideration, all model output shows loss of the spring snowmelt runoff / recharge peak as time progresses. The response of the groundwater system to changing in the time and amount of recharge varies spatially. Short flow paths in the upper part of the basin are potentially more sensitive to the change in seasonality. However, geologic controls on the system cause this signal to attenuate as it propagates into the lower portions of the basin. This scale-dependent variation to the response of the groundwater system to changes in seasonality and magnitude of recharge is explored by applying DPM calculated recharge to an existing regional groundwater flow model.
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Picco, Robert C. "A comparative study of flow forecasting in the Humber River Basin using a deterministic hydrologic model and a dynamic regression statistical model." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ34219.pdf.
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Yu, Zhongbo. "Development of a physically-based distributed-parameter watershed model (basin-scale hydrologic model) and its application to Big Darby Creek watershed, Ohio /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487942739805592.
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Tsao, Chia-wei, and 曹家瑋. "A Study of Basin Storm-Flood Computational Model." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61806405896855729455.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系碩博士班
97
To reduce the property loss resulting from heavy rain,a variety of flood defense structures will be set in the basin.Considering the constant changes in the topography,to regulate the river channels we need to develop a model which can simulate inundation and unsteady flow in a basin to analyze all capabilities of flood defense structures,and assess different measures. In this study,the input and output data of a Physiographic Drainage-Inundation model,PHD-model and a Channel Network-Unsteady Flow Implicit simulation model are turned into a Basin Storm-Flood Computational model,BASF-model to simulate unsteady flow in river systems in storm flood periods. The simulations between storm flood periods are based on grid regions ,which were set according to land forms,topography,river system distributions and traffic systems.Then,gathering rainfall information from the rainfall stations,sea level data and flood discharge hydrograph from the reseviors the simulation can be performed Tamsui basin is the studying area,and two typhoons events which include Elly typhoon in 2003 and Talim typhoon in 2004 are simulated.It can indicated that BASF-model has great modeling capabilities and performs effective calculations by comparing modeling stage hydrographs with observation data.By analyzing the results,it can show that Er-Chung diversion spillway has the ability to decrease the flood stage.This model simulates a total of 96 hours of the Elly typhoon in 112 minutes and it can combine a rainfall forecasting model with a tide forecasting model to become a flood forecasting model with real time forecasting capabilities. Keyword:Basin Storm-Flood Computational model
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Lin, Yang-Chun, and 林揚鈞. "Seismic Record Simulation by AR Model to Taichung Basin." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05166673839927155794.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
土木與水資源工程學系研究所
97
This study adopted the experiential artificial seismic method. Using the auto-regressive model, collecting the existing Taichung basin earthquake data, extracting parameters from the auto-regressive model, and using earthquake data and artificial seismic data by auto-regressive model in various stations. Comparing the results of the artificial seismic data with earthquake data under different order situations by the AIC and FPE criterion, Fourier spectrum and response spectrum. The accuracy of Fourier spectrum and response spectrum by increasing the order number according to the data from three earthquake events in AR single station model, show that the results would not increase for all of stations. More than eight orders should be selected to reduce simulation of the response spectrum error in AR multi-station model. Increasing the number of stations could reduce the number of orders in AR multi-station model. The order selected by AR model can also lower in far field of the earthquake .
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Jian, Ming-Yi, and 簡名毅. "Flood and Inundation Model for Yen-Shui Creek Basin." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20503882141763049018.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
農業工程學研究所
87
A numerical model including river flood routing and surface inundation for river basin has been developed in this thesis. In the model the hydraulic interaction between the water stage in river and the outflow of subcatchment is taken into consideration. The model combines one- dimensional unsteady flood routing model in river system and two- dimensional overland inundation model in watershed. In the river system model, based on a one-dimensional dynamical wave and kinematic wave theory, the water stage and discharge in river system are solved by using the four-point implicit finite-difference scheme. In the watershed two- dimensional overland flow inundation model, based on the zero-inertial wave theory, is employed by the alternating direction explicit scheme. By using the two models, the inundation area, water depth, and the outflow discharge of the effluent in the river basin are computed. In order to ensure the quality of input data, which is very important in maintaining the accuracy of ground elevations in the simulation and the output of simulation results, the digital terrain model (DTM) and geo- graphic information system (GIS) are employed to treat the input and output data for the model. If the accurate rainfall forecast is installed, the simulated results can be used as a tool for inundation forecast in a study area. The study area is Yen-Shui Creek basin. The design storm pattern of frequency-based rainfall and geographic features are input for numerical simulations. The hydrologic data of Storm on 1st July 1997, and typhoon Herb are used to verify the model. The model is then applied to simulate the inundation in the Yen-Shui Creek basin under design rainfalls of 100-year return period. The results are accurate enough to be used to map out the inundation area for the design rainfall.
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Chen, Wen-Cheng, and 陳文正. "A Short-Term Rainfall Prediction Model on Jhuoshuei River Basin." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64454980995325562596.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
土木工程學系
93
In the past few years, debris flow had caused heavy losses of lives and properties. Therefore, it becomes important to predict rainfalls which may cause mudflows. In 2002, the Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs set up the “runoff prediction system for the Jhuoshuei river basin” to predict short-term rainfalls using an analogical precipitation prediction model and a Grey theory prediction model. The accuracy of rainfall predictions is very important because the predicted rainfall amount is one of the most important input and indices for the rainfall-runoff calculations and debris flow warning systems. This study only focuses on the Grey theory and analogical precipitation prediction models. The original GM(1,1) prediction model requires four items of data. In this study, we add the conjectured GM(1,1) three data model which combines the moving average and data accumulation techniques to make predictions. For the analogical precipitation prediction model, we use different periods of time, data contenting typhoons (if any), accumulative prediction results (if any), and different sizes of area to make predictions. The predicted results were compared with the real rainfall amount. Helpfully the rainfall related disasters can be reduced with these revised models. In this study, we found that the GM(1,1) three data model had better prediction results than the four data model. Predictions using the accumulative data also gave better results for the first hour. Here, we suggest the GM(1,1) three data model with the moving average and data accumulation techniques to replace the GM(1,1) four data model. As for the predictions after the second hour, the analogical precipitation prediction model gave better results than the GM(1,1) model. These two prediction methods were not based on the hydrological physics, so, we suggest not making any predictions for more than three hours. When using the prediction results, we also suggest using other strategic decisions to assist in making a final, accurate decision.