Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Basic structure'

This article takes stock of the basic notions of Information Structure (IS). It first provides a general characterization of IS — following Chafe (1976) — within a communicative model of Common Ground(CG), which distinguishes between CG content and CG management. IS is concerned with those features of language that concern the local CG. Second, this paper defines and discusses the notions of Focus (as indicating alternatives) and its various uses, Givenness (as indicating that a denotation is already present in the CG), and Topic (as specifying what a statement is about). It also proposes a new notion, Delimitation, which comprises contrastive topics and frame setters, and indicates that the current conversational move does not entirely satisfy the local communicative needs. It also points out that rhetorical structuring partly belongs to IS.

The purpose of this paper is to study the basic theoretic structure of intelligent data base by means of logic. There are three parts of this paper. The first part introduces the concept and relational algebra in relational data base. The second part focuses on the relationship between logic and the structure of intelligent data base and compares the intelligent database application. The last part, a SQL (Structure Query Language) queries simulation program using logic programming language Prolog, demonstrates how logic applies to query languages.
Department of Computer Science

In my dissertation, I defend John Rawls's claim that the question of the design of the basic structure of society is the central question of distributive justice. The basic structure, on my understanding, and following Samuel Freeman, is the system of basic background institutions within which we pursue our everyday lives. It includes the institutions of our political and legal system, our system of property, our economic system, and the legal structure of the family.

Rawls argues that any conception of distributive justice appropriate for a liberal democratic society must be a political conception, which means three things. First, a political conception of justice must be freestanding from what Rawls calls comprehensive moral, religious, and philosophical views. This means that it shouldn't depend essentially on any one or any subgroup of reasonable comprehensive doctrines. Second, a political account is expressed in terms of fundamental ideas implicit in liberal democratic culture. Third and finally, a political account of justice, says Rawls, takes as its object of evaluation the basic structure of society.

I argue that such a system of institutions, consisting of a set of coercively enforceable rules, is a requirement for equal freedom among interacting, embodied persons. In showing that this claim is well founded, I also argue that liberal political philosophy is not merely a form of applied moral philosophy, but instead must be an autonomous area of inquiry within moral philosophy more generally. Moreover, the liberal political conception of justice together with a particular basic structure that conforms to the requirements of justice set constraints on permissible answers to other moral questions that fall outside of the sphere of political philosophy, and so in this way political justice has a form of priority within moral philosophy broadly understood.

This thesis suggests a metatheoretical frame of reference for the dying process, a perspective that differs considerably from the stage theories postulated by other authors. These stage theories and other approaches are highlighted and their shortcomings and limitations reviewed and discussed. This thesis proposes that the concept of temporality can overcome the identified shortcomings and provide a more comprehensive framework for clinical intervention. Temporality refers to an integration of past, present and future in a person's existence. The dynamic interchange among these modes of time has profound implications in a person's experiencing of life and death. This thesis takes the traditional notions of denial and acceptance and redefines them using the concept of temporality. Using this basic structure to understand the dying process enables an understanding of how meaning is created. Implications for the management of the temporal structure of experience are discussed along with clinical examples. Future directions for incorporating this framework are proposed.

The concept of values has long been suggested as an important concept across social sciences (e.g. Inglehart, 1977; Kluckhohn, 1951; Williams, 1968). Despite the lack of agreement on the content of values and also diversity of perspectives on the roles of values (Kluckhohn, 1951; Van Deth and Scarbrough, 1995) there is a general agreement about the vital role of values in human beings' lives (Dewey, 1939; Hechter, 1992; Joas, 1996; Kluckhohn, 1951; Mandler, 1993; Rokeach, 1973; Schwartz, 1992). To help to get a better idea about content and role of values, this thesis discusses important contemporary theories of values and then presents evidence testing one of these theories, which suggests a dynamic circumplex structure of values based on motivational conflicts and compatibilities among them (Schwartz, 1992). Six experiments provided strong support for this model of values. Experiments 1 to 3 provided support for the circumplex structure by revealing the first evidence of inter-value relations in memory. That is, they revealed that people judge the conceptual relations between pairs of motivationally congruent values and motivationally opposing values quicker than pairs of motivationally unrelated values. Moreover, the results explained how motivational conflicts and compatibilities affected response times over and above semantic relations. Experiment 4 supported the circumplex structure of values by providing evidence that prioritizing specific values not only increases the importance of the prioritized values and similar values, but also decreases the importance of opposed values. Experiment 5 revealed that priming a specific value increases likelihood of the value-relevant behaviours, while decreasing value-opposed behaviours. Finally, Experiment 6 found support for influence of value conflicts on feelings of ambivalence. Overall, the results offered further support for the circumplex structure of values and extended prior research using new methods (e.g. measuring value associations in memory), designs (e.g. effects of value change on behaviours relevant to different values), and measures (e.g. feelings of ambivalence).

Most Rawlsian approaches to global justice fall into one of two main types—cosmopolitanisms that expand the scope of Rawls's domestic theory to the entire world, and those that, following Rawls's The Law of Peoples, develop a liberal foreign policy rooted in the toleration of "decent" but nonliberal peoples. Global Justice as Fairness offers an alternative to these by incorporating some aspects of each, as well as some unique features, into a coherent whole that avoids their more significant drawbacks. Employing a distinctive understanding of the global original position and a republican view of freedom, the theory generates two principles that aim to ensure the agency and non-domination of peoples. These principles provide the broad outlines of a just global basic structure for states that is both realistic and utopian.

The most basic parameters of Rawlsian theories of global justice are the subject of and parties to the original position(s). Global Justice as Fairness is unique among such theories by identifying the global basic structure as subject (as cosmopolitans do) while also taking peoples, not persons, as the parties (following Rawls's law of peoples). It is also alone in severing the tie between domestic and global justice and recognizing the fact of reasonable global pluralism, according to which it is unreasonable to expect all peoples to hold liberal conceptions of domestic justice. Global Justice as Fairness excludes the parties' knowledge of their domestic conceptions behind the veil of ignorance, forcing them to rely on their generic interests as peoples. This picture of peoples' rationality is developed with an account of global primary goods rooted in their agency and a global analog of citizenship.

Thus situated, the parties are led to select two principles of justice for a global basic structure formulated in terms of the republican vision of freedom. The first principle specifies a human rights regime that ensures the minimal conditions needed for peoples to maintain their distinctly political form of group agency. The second provides guidelines for minimizing the domination of peoples through a just global political and economic order within which they can freely exercise that agency.

In constructing and evaluating a theory of justice, it is crucial to determine the scope of justice---that is, the range of cases to which considerations of justice are appropriately applied. One important strand of contemporary political thought, best exemplified by John Rawls, argues that the primary subject of justice is the basic structure of society, i.e., its major political and social institutions. Rawls' position has not, however, been without its share of critics. An alternative to institutional egalitarianism begins by emphasizing that the structure of institutions alone is of uncertain benefit when it comes to meeting the demands of justice. If we are truly concerned with social justice, we should be sensitive to the fact that individual choices can go a long way towards upsetting the balance of equality that justice requires. This thesis defends Rawls' focus on the basic structure against this challenge.

Thesis (Ph.D.); Submitted to Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (US); 12 Dec 2003.
Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. "IS-T 2028" Haibo Cao. 12/12/2003. Report is also available in paper and microfiche from NTIS.

Myelin simultaneously increases the speed of action potential conduction while decreasing the energy consumed. It also contributes to axon stability and myelin perturbations underlie several debilitating diseases. One myelin component shared by central and peripheral myelin is Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) and in the central nervous system, MBP is necessary for the formation of the compact myelin sheath.
To characterize the mechanisms controlling myelin elaboration, maintenance and repair, several recent investigations focused on the regulation of genes encoding the prominent myelin proteins. Multiple hormones, neurosteroids and transcription factors have been shown to play an important role in myelin gene regulation, but at this date none have been shown to directly activate myelin genes in a cell specific and developmentally regulated manner. On the other hand, multiple cell specific enhancers have been described for myelin genes such as mbp, plp and CNP.
The mbp locus appears to be regulated at the level of transcription by four evolutionarily conserved modules. Module 1 and 2 constitute the proximal promoter and drive expression in the oligodendrocytes of juvenile transgenic mice bearing reporter constructs. Module 3 is both sufficient and necessary for expression in mature and remyelinating oligodendrocytes, but also drives expression in juvenile mice where myelin is being elaborated. Finally, module 4 confers expression in Schwann cells.
In this investigation I used a multifaceted approach to characterize the structure and functional organization of module 3, an oligodendrocyte enhancer. Bioinformatics and both in vivo and in vitro assays were applied. In one focus of my investigations I used a controlled strategy of transgenesis in which constructs are docked, in single copy, at a predetermined site; a circumstance supporting high-resolution qualitative and quantitative the structure/function analysis. I also evaluated the activity of various reporter constructs during remyelination and showed that expression during remyelination requires module 3 activity while modules 1 and 2 are sufficient during primary myelination. Finally, using a variety of in vitro preparations, I demonstrated that much of the mechanism controlling mbp expression is shared by oligodendrocytes matured in vitro and in vivo.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Marquette University, 2009.
Access available to Marquette University only. Available for download on August 02, 2010. Philip J. Rossi, S.J., Bruce L. McCormack, Ralph Del Colle, Markus Wriedt, Julian Hills, Advisors.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Quando n?s falamos sobre entidades coletivas, a??o ? o tipo de atribui??o mais comum. N?s rotineiramente falamos coisas tais como: ?China suspende todas as importa??es de carv?o da Coreia do Norte?; ?Uber est? investigando acusa??es de ass?dio feitas por ex-funcion?rio?; ?A Suprema Corte estuda o caso de um tiro disparado nos E.U.A. que matou um adolescente no M?xico?; ?Mal?sia retira embaixador na Coreia do Norte?; ?SpaceX lan?a foguete a partir da hist?rica ?plataforma da lua? da NASA.?. S?o essas atribui??es verdadeiras? Com certeza todas elas poderiam ser meramente metaf?ricas. N?s poder?amos tomar entidades coletivas como agentes somente como uma maneira de falar. Neste trabalho, eu argumento em favor de uma posi??o realista a respeito de entidades coletivas e seu status de agente; tornando algumas dessas senten?as verdadeiras. Ultimamente, muitos fil?sofos t?m abordado esse t?pico, mas a discuss?o tende a ser guiada pelo problema da intencionalidade coletiva, o problema de como entidades coletivas podem possuir estados mentais. Meu trabalho tenta trazer mais elementos da filosofia da a??o para a investiga??o de a??es coletivas. Eu tomo como guia o problema da individua??o da a??o, porque esse t?pico aborda quest?es de central import?ncia para a??es coletivas. Especialmente a quest?o das a??es agregadas: a??es que s?o compostas de outras a??es, que parecem ser os casos paradigm?ticos de a??es coletivas, na medida em que a??es coletivas s?o, presumivelmente, compostas de a??es individuais. O problema da individua??o da a??o nos leva a dois conceitos centrais da natureza da a??o: a??o b?sica e inten??o. Neste trabalho, eu mostrarei como uma investiga??o sobre a??o b?sica pode nos ajudar a localizar o lugar das contribui??es individuais em a??es coletivas e como uma investiga??o sobre inten??o pode localizar um elemento fundamental da a??o que ? irredut?vel e distintivamente coletivo nos casos de a??es coletivas. Depois de explorar esses dois conceitos centrais, eu ofere?o uma defini??o de a??o que leva a s?rio o lugar da inten??o como guia para identificar quando um evento constitui uma a??o.
When we talk about collective entities, action is the most common kind of ascription. We regularly say things such as ?China suspends all coal imports from North Korea?; ?Uber is investigating harassment claims by ex-employee?; ?Supreme Court considers case of a shot fired in U.S. that killed a teenager in Mexico?; ?Malaysia recalls ambassador to North Korea?; ?SpaceX launches rocket from NASA?s historic moon pad.? Are those ascriptions true? For sure, they could all be metaphoric. We could take collective entities as agents just as a way of speaking. In this work, I argue in favor of a realist position regarding collective entities and their status of agent; rendering some of these sentences true. Recently, many philosophers are addressing this topic, but the discussion tends to be guided by the problem of collective intentionality, the problem of how collective entities can have mental states. My work tries to bring more elements of philosophy of action to the investigation of collective action. I take as a guide the problem of action individuation, because this topic addresses questions of central importance for collective action. Especially the question of aggregate actions, actions that are composed of other actions, which seems to be the paradigmatic case of collective action, insofar as they are presumably composed of individuals? actions. The problem of action individuation leads us to two central concepts on the nature of action: basic action and intention. In this work, I will show how an investigation on basic action can help us locate the place of individuals? contributions in collective action and how an investigation on intention can locate a fundamental element of action that is irreducible and distinctively collective in collective action cases. After exploring these two core concepts, I provide a definition of action that take seriously the place of intention as a guide to identify when an event constitutes an action.

In vorliegender Arbeit wurden Synthese, Kristallstruktur und thermisches Verhalten von sauren und basischen Monofluorophosphate untersucht. Es wurden Salze mit Alkalimetall- und N-haltigen Kationen dargestellt und kristallographisch charakterisiert. Die Strukturen dieser Verbindungen wurden dann mit denen der isoelektronischen Hydrogensulfate verglichen. Mit Hilfe des Kationenaustausches und der Gefriertrocknung konnte ein erfolgreicher Syntheseweg fuer diese Verbindungen entwickelt werden. Die Gefriertrocknung hinderte die Abspaltung von HF und Kondensation des Phosphats und ermöglichte die Isolierung der Rohprodukte. Auf diesem Weg gelang die Darstellung der reinen Verbindungen in höherer Ausbeute, so daß es möglich wurde, die Substanzen mit unterschiedlichen Methoden zu untersuchen. Hergestellt und kristallographisch untersucht wurden folgende Verbindungen: - Hydrogenmonofluorophosphate mit × Alkalimetallkationen: Na, K, Rb, Cs × N-haltigen Kationen: NH4, NMe4, NH2Et2, NHEt3, [C(NH2)3], {HOC[NH(CH3)]2}, [H2N(CH2CH2)NH2], - basische Monofluorophosphate: Na2PO3F·10H2O und [C(NH2)3]2PO3F - gemischte Salze: Cs3(NH4)2(HPO3F)3(PO3F)2 und Na5[NMe4](PO3F)3·18H2O. Die Kristallstrukturen zeigen eine Vielzahl an Strukturtypen, definiert durch die Verknüpfung der verzerrten HPO3F Tetraeder über kurze O-H···O Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen zu Ketten, Dimere oder Tetramere. Diese sind ihrerseits über längere N-H···O und Ow-H···O Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen verknüpft. Kompliziertere Strukturmotive sind in den Strukturen der basischen Monofluorophosphate und der gemischten Salze zu finden. Allgemein werden nur Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen des Typs N-H...O und O-H...O gefunden, dagegen werden keine N-H···F Bindungen in den Strukturen beobachtet. Auch ist mehrheitlich keine Isotypie zwischen sauren und basischen Monofluorophosphaten einerseits und den entsprechenden Sulfaten andererseits zu finden. Isotyp sind nur die Strukturen [NMe4]HPO3F·H2O mit [NMe4]HSO4·H2O und Na2PO3F·10H2O mit Na2SO4·10H2O. Interessanterweise wurden genau in einer dieser isotypen Strukturen, nämlich der des Na2PO3F×10H2O, als Ausnahme zwei O-H···F Bindungen gefunden. Die O···F Abstände liegen im Bereich der Abstände der Ow···O Bindungen in der Struktur. Eine Erklärung für das seltene Auftreten von H-Brücken mit Fluor als Akzeptor ist eine fast vollständige Valenz des Fluors durch seine Bindung zum Phosphor. Mehrere Strukturen widerspiegeln diese Tatsache mit der Orientierung der P-F Bindung. Die Bindung wird nach inerten Stellen, wo kein Metall- oder Wasserstoffatom in der Struktur vorhanden ist, ausgerichtet, um ein weiteres Binden des Fluors (Metallkoordination, Wasserstoffbrückenbindung) zu vermeiden. Weiterhin wurde das thermische Verhalten der Verbindungen NaHPO3F, NaHPO3F·2.5H2O, CsHPO3F und [NHEt3]HPO3F untersucht. Dies erfolgte mit dem Ziel, Information über mögliche Phasenübergänge und die unterschiedlichen Zersetzungstypen zu bekommen. Sowohl der Kation wie auch die Anwesenheit von Kristallwasser haben Einfluß auf den thermischen Abbau. Die Na-Verbindungen zeigen eine Zersetzung über mehrere Schritte, die zu unterschiedlichen Endprodukten führt (Na3P3O9 für NaHPO3F und (NaPO3)n für das Hydrat). Im Vergleich dazu zersetzt sich CsHPO3F nach dem Schmelzen direkt zum Endprodukt, ohne stabile Zwischenprodukte zu bilden. Ähnlich verläuft der thermische Abbau der [NHEt3] Verbindung, die sich allerdings mit einem Masseverlust von 92,27%, also ohne Bildung eines signifikanten Endproduktes, vollständig zersetzt. Während des thermischen Abbaus wurde die Freisetzung von HF und H2O bei allen Verbindungen beobachtet, die sich aber bezüglich der Zersetzungstemperatur und -menge zwischen den Substanzen unterscheiden. Es wurden keine Phasenübergänge erster Ordnung beobachtet. Dies war insbesondere für CsHPO3F überraschend, da das isoelektronische Hydrogensulfat mehrere Phasenübergänge aufweist [2]. Das Ausbleiben von Phasenübergängen allgemein und auch für CsHPO3F wird folgendermassen erklärt. Während das Sulfat Bindungsmöglichkeiten an allen vier Ecken des SO4-Tetraeders hat, besitzt der (H)PO3F-Tetraeder nur eine begrenzte Flexibilität wegen der Anwesenheit von Fluor an einer Ecke. Fluor bevorzugt eine "isolierte" Position am Phosphor. Anhand der vorliegenden Ergebnisse kann die Schlußfolgerung gezogen werden, daß Fluor auf Grund seiner niedrigeren Valenz im Vergleich zu Sauerstoff andere strukturelle und funktionelle Charakteristika aufweist. Die Valenzunterschiede zwischen Sauerstoff und Fluor haben einen starken Einfluß auf das Wasserstoffbrückenbindungssystem in den Kristallstrukturen der Hydrogenmonofluorophosphate und folglich auf die "Nicht-Isotypie" zu den Hydrogensulfaten.
In this thesis, the crystal structures and thermal behavior of hydrogen monofluorophosphates and basic monofluorophosphates with alkali metal and N-containing cations were studied. A comparison to the analogous hydrogen sulfates showed interesting structural variations and differences in thermal behavior. Synthesis of the studied monofluorophosphates involved cation exchange and freeze drying. Freeze drying enabled the isolation of raw products by avoiding the escape of HF and consequent phosphate condensation. This method of preparation led to the synthesis of the hydrogen monofluorophosphates with the following cations: - the alkali metals: Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+, - N-containing cations: NH4+, [NMe4]+, [NH2Et2]+, [NHEt3]+, [C(NH2)3]+, {HOC[NH(CH3)]2}+, and [H2N(CH2CH2)NH2]2+, and the basic monofluorophoshates, Na2PO3F·10H2O and [C(NH2)3]2PO3F. The following mixed salts were also obtained with partial cation exchange: - Cs3(NH4)2(HPO3F)3(PO3F)2 - Na5[NMe4](PO3F)3·18H2O. In the crystal structures, the HPO3F tetrahedra were hydrogen-bonded to chains, dimers, and tetramers in the structures of the hydrogen monofluorophosphates. Extensive hydrogen bonding in the basic monofluorophosphates due to high amounts of crystal water led to more complicated structural motifs. Limitations on the bonding of fluorine were observed in each of the structures, whether it be metal coordination or hydrogen bonding. The valency of fluorine is filled by its bond to phosphorus and thus, generally, the fluorine atom does not participate in additional bonds. This explains why, for the most part, the hydrogen monofluorophosphates are not isostructural with the hydrogen sulfates. Only three atoms of the tetrahedron instead of four atoms are available for hydrogen bonding, which influences the crystal structure. This was further confirmed by the comparison of the decahydrates, Na2PO3F×10H2O and Na2SO4×10H2O, which are consequently isostructural based on two O-H×××F bonds formed in Na2PO3F·10H2O. These were the only hydrogen bonds found that involved fluorine as an hydrogen acceptor or donor. The investigations on the thermal behavior of NaHPO3F, NaHPO3F·2.5H2O, CsHPO3F, and [NHEt3]HPO3F found no first-order phase transitions. Stepwise decompositions were observed for the sodium salts, which was attributed to the formation of stable intermediates identified with simulated experiments. The Cs and [NHEt3] compounds demonstrated a direct decomposition postmelting. In general, the release of H2O from the melt occured at lower temperatures, while HF escaped at higher temperatures. The temperatures, at which this initially occured, and the first maximum observed were dependent on the cation and the presence of crystal water. The immediate decomposition of CsHPO3F after melting differs from that of the hydrogen sulfate, CsHSO4, which undergoes several phase transitions before decompositon. This suggests that the sulfate has more structural flexibility on the basis of the four oxygen corners of the tetrahedra. In comparison, the monofluorophosphate is limited in its bonding mobility due to the presence of fluorine on one of the tetrahedral vertices. Therefore, phase transitions are not observed prior to decomposition. It was concluded that fluorine functions differently in the crystal structures on the basis of its lower valency. Thus, the difference in valency between fluorine and oxygen affects the hydrogen bonding of the hydrogen monofluorophosphates and thus pervents the expected isotypy of the isoelectronic hydrogen monofluorophosphates and hydrogen sulfates.

At present no scholar has provided an in-depth study into the dissemination of the Pater Noster outside the clerical sphere. This thesis provides a detailed consideration of the ways in which the Pater Noster was taught to the laity in medieval England. It explores the central position of the prayer in the lay curriculum, the constitutions which played a fundamental role in its teaching, and the methods by which it was disseminated. Clerical expositions of the prayer and its tabular and diagrammatic representations are examined to consider the material available to assist the clergy in their pedagogical role. The ways in which material associated with the Pater Noster was modified and delivered to a lay audience provides an important component in the holistic approach of this thesis. The thesis itself proposes that the prayer was widely known and recited, drawing on a variety of mediums in which it was presented to the laity. These include sermon material, which would have been delivered in the vernacular; the recitation of Paternosters, an earlier version of the conventional rosary; the performance of the Pater Noster plays in the northern locations of York, Beverley and Lincoln; and representations of the prayer in wall paintings.

The Ministry of Education of Turkey changed the national education programs in accordance with recent approaches in education as part of the educational reform that covers basic and secondary levels of schooling in 2005-2006 academic year. This educational reform that was proposed to change the formerly traditional, behaviorist, and teacher-centered programs into constructivist and student-centered programs will obviously have effects on millions of students, educators and families. Its long-term influence is expected to be seen on the whole society in coming years. The purpose of this study is to describe how school culture, values on professionalism, perceptions on the new programs, and organizational structure and leadership of schools will ease or impede with the implementation of the new national educational programs. A pure qualitative research design was used to study this problem. Multiple case study was carried out with semi-structured, face-to-face interviews as the method of data collection. The data sources for the interviews were teachers and administrators from four schools of different socio economic regions in Istanbul, one of which was a private school. Some of the official documents of the Ministry of Education were also used as supportive evidence to the data collected through the interviews.

This study aims to describe how the basic elements of music are synthesised and manipulated to create a composition in the musical style called Third stream music. This is done through a comprehensive description of the background of this musical style and a detailed analysis of a case study Third stream work, Invictus: Orchestral Prelude in 3 Movements, by the South African composer Noel Stockton and commissioned by the South African Music Rights rganisation. Copyright
Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Music
unrestricted

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.13.05 – комп'ютерні системи та компоненти (123 – комп’ютерна інженерія). – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Міністерство освіти і науки України, Харків, 2020. Дисертаційна робота присвячена вирішенню актуальної науково-прикладної проблеми підвищення оперативності процесу передачі інформації в комп'ютерних системах (КС) на інтегрованих програмних платформах (ІПП) на основі розробки математичного апарату синтезу інформаційних структур. Проведено аналіз стану проблеми, показано, що одночасно із збільшенням обсягів інформації, яка передається в КС, та підвищенням вимог до оперативності передачі інформації все більше застосовуються інтегровані програмні платформи, внаслідок чого якісно і кількісно змінюються структура і характер інформаційних потоків, що суттєво впливає на інформаційні структури комп’ютерних систем та призводить до зниження показників оперативності. Проведено аналіз існуючих вимог до сучасних програмних платформ комп'ютерних систем та переваг та недоліків централізованих, розподілених та комбінованих програмних платформ. На основі аналізу сформульовані загальні вимоги до необхідного складу програмних продуктів платформи та підтримуючих їх апаратних засобів базової мережі комп'ютерної системи;проведений аналіз показав доцільність використання інтегрованих програмних платформ для відомчих комп’ютерних систем; доведена необхідність збільшення оперативності обробки транзакцій у базових мережах комп’ютерних систем, котрі використовують інтегровані програмні платформи, що можна зробити за рахунок використання специфічних властивостей таких платформ, синтезуючи інформаційну структуру комп'ютерної системи. Розроблено комплекс взаємопов’язаних моделей інформаційної структури комп’ютерної системи та технічної структури базової мережі, який враховує особливості інтегрованої програмної платформи і базується на стратифікованому представленні основних складових моделей, що дозволяє враховувати інформаційні взаємозв’язки між складовими комп'ютерної системи та підвищити ступінь адекватності моделей. Розроблено комплекс методів оперативного перерозподілу інформаційних потоків в базовій мережі комп'ютерної системи на інтегрованій програмній платформі, який враховує динаміку розвитку комп'ютерної системи і характерні особливості базової мережі, та базується на оперативній реконфігурації системи віртуальних каналів зв'язку, що дозволяє зменшити середню затримку пакетів. Розроблено комплекс методів синхронізації інформаційної структури комп'ютерної системи з обчислювальними ресурсами вузлів базової мережі, який враховує як інформаційні зв'язки між завданнями комп'ютерної системи, так і використання композитних застосунків, та базується на адаптивному підході до знаходження раціонального розподілу завдань між вузлами мережі, що дозволяє оперативно провести синхронізацію, орієнтовану на зменшення витрат обчислювального ресурсу та підвищення оперативності передачі інформації. Удосконалено метод статичного розподілу інформаційних потоків за маршрутами у базовій мережі комп'ютерної системи на інтегрованій програмній платформі, який відрізняється від відомих використанням процедури ітеративного балансування навантаження вузлів мережі, що дозволяє зменшити витрати обчислювального ресурсу. Удосконалено метод формування інформаційної структури підвищеної надійності у комп'ютерній системі на інтегрованій програмній платформі, який відрізняється від відомих одночасним розподілом інформаційних потоків по всіх основних і альтернативних маршрутах базової мережі, що дає змогу у разі виникнення відмови будь-якого вузла мережі продовжити обробку транзакцій комп'ютерної системи без суттєвого зменшення показників якості обслуговування (QoS) та без зміни інформаційної структури. Дістав подальшого розвитку метод оптимізації інформаційної структури комп'ютерної системи на інтегрованій програмній платформі за рахунок використання на етапі розподілу навантаження інформаційних вузлів математичного апарату генетичних алгоритмів, що дозволяє зменшити часові витрати на синтез інформаційної структури та сформувати збалансоване навантаження на вузли базової мережі. Дістав подальшого розвитку метод вибору оптимального плану виконання транзакцій комп'ютерної системи на інтегрованій програмній платформі за рахунок введення динамічної функції штрафу за перевищення часових показників, орієнтованої на специфіку інтегрованої програмної платформи, та шкалування часового періоду, що дозволяє зменшити часові витрати при проведенні оперативних змін плану виконання транзакцій. Дістав подальшого розвитку комплекс методів обробки запитів до сховища даних комп'ютерної системи на інтегрованій програмній платформі за рахунок створення єдиного дискового пулу та врахування особливостей доступу до хмарних компонент сховища даних, що дозволяє включати до сховища розподілені гетерогенні компоненти та зменшити час виконання застосунків, які виконують запити транзакцій комп’ютерної системи на обмін інформацією із сховищем даних. Розроблені на основі запропоованих моделей та методів інженерні методи та алгоритми дають змогу: – виконати моделювання інформаційної структури комп'ютерної системи на інтегрованій програмній платформі та її базової комп'ютерної мережі; – оптимізувати інформаційну структуру комп'ютерної системи на інтегрованій програмній платформі та розподіл інформаційних потоків за маршрутами у базовій мережі; – підвищити показники оперативності завдань комп'ютерної системи на інтегрованій програмній платформі до 10%; – зменшити витрати обчислювального ресурсу базової мережі комп'ютерної системи на інтегрованій програмній платформі до 5%; – зменшити витрати на експлуатацію комп’ютерної системи на інтегрованій програмній платформі на до 10%; – розширити корисну ємність сховища даних за рахунок включення гетерогенних складових та хмарних компонент. Проведена порівняльна оцінки розроблених та існуючих моделей та методів синтезу інформаційних структур комп'ютерних систем на інтегрованих програмних платформах, за результатами якої доведено ефективність запропонованих методів. Зокрема, проведена оцінка ефективності підсистеми забезпечення дистанційного навчання комп'ютерної системи технічного вишу. Також наведені результати комплексного застосування запропонованих методів при формуванні проекту комп'ютерної системи управління виробничими структурами аеропорту, де за рахунок підвищення оперативності передачі інформації були досягнуті вимоги замовника щодо граничного рівня значення ймовірності виконання часових меж для оперативних транзакцій КС при зростанні завантаження базової мережі.
Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences in the specialty of 05.13.05 – ComputerSystems and Components (123 – Computerengineering). – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 2020. The thesis is devoted to solving actual scientific and technical problem of increasing the efficiency of the information transfer process in computer systems on integrated software platforms. It is based on the development of a mathematical apparatus (mathematical models and methods) for the synthesis of information structures. The analysis of the problem state was carried out. It was revealed that, simultaneously with the increase in the volume of transmitted information in the computer system and the increased requirements for the speed of information transmission, integrated software platforms are increasingly used. As a result, the structure and nature of information flows change qualitatively and quantitatively. This significantly affects the information structures of computer systems and leads to a decrease in efficiency indicators. An analysis of the existing requirements for modern software platforms of computer systems has been carried out. Advantages and disadvantages of centralized, distributed and combined software platforms are highlighted. Based on the analysis, general requirements for the necessary composition of platform software products are formulated. The requirements for the hardware of the core network of the computer system supporting them are also formulated. The analysis showed the feasibility of using integrated software platforms for departmental computer systems. The necessity of increasing the efficiency of transaction processing in the basic networks of computer systems has been proven. Those that use integrated software platforms can be done by using the specific properties of such platforms. This is due to the synthesis of the information structure of the computer system. A complex of interrelated models of the information structure of the computer system and the technical structure of the basic network has been developed. It takes into account the peculiarities of the integrated software platform. The complex is based on a stratified representation of the main constituents of the models. This allows you to take into account the informational relationships between the components of the computer system. It also allows increasing the degree of model adequacy. A set of methods foroperational redistribution of information flows in the basic network of a computer system on an integrated software platform has been developed. This complex takes into account the dynamics of the development of a computer system and the characteristic features of the underlying network. It is based on the operational reconfiguration of the virtual communication channel system. This helps to reduce the average packet delay. A set of methods for synchronizing the information structure of a computer system with the computing resources of the nodes of the basic network has been developed. The complex, which has been developed, takes into account information links between the tasks of a computer system and the possibility of using composite applications. This complex is based on an adaptive approach to finding a rational distribution of tasks between network nodes. The complex allows you to quickly synchronize. Synchronization is focused on reducing the cost of computing resources and increasing the efficiency of information transfer. The method of distribution of information flows along routes in the basic network of a computer system on an integrated software platform has been improved. The method differs from the known ones by using iterative load balancing of hosts. This is what makes it possible to reduce the cost of computing resources. The method of forming an information structure of increased reliability in a computer system on an integrated software platform has been improved. This method differs from the known ones by the simultaneous distribution of information flows along all the main and alternative routes of the core network. This allows, in the event of a failure of any network node, to continue processing transactions of the computer system. The computer system will operate without a significant decrease in service quality indicators and without changing the information structure. The method of optimizing the information structure of a computer system on an integrated software platform has been further developed. The method is based on the use of the mathematical apparatus of genetic algorithms. This device is used at the stage of load distribution of information nodes. This makes it possible to reduce the time spent on synthesizing the information structure and to form a balanced load on the nodes of the core network. The method of selecting an optimal plan for executing transactions of a computer system on an integrated software platform was further developed. A dynamic penalty function was introduced for exceeding time indicators. It is focused on the specifics of the integrated software platform and time scaling. This allows you to reduce the time spent on operational changes to the transaction execution plan. The complex of methods for processing requests to the data storage of a computer system on an integrated software platform has been further developed. A single disk pool was created. The peculiarities of access to the cloud components of the data warehouse were taken into account. This allows distributed heterogeneous components to be included in repositories. It also reduces the execution time of applications that access data warehouse components. The engineering methods and algorithms which has been developed on the basis of the offered models and methods allow: - simulate the information structure of the computer system on an integrated software platform and its basic computer network; - optimize the information structure of the computer system on an integrated software platform and the distribution of information flows along routes in the core network; - increase the operational efficiencyof computer system tasks on an integrated software platform by up to 10%; - reduce the costs of the computing resource of the basic network of a computer system on an integrated software platform up to 5%; - reduce the exploitational cost of a computer system on an integrated software platform by up to 10%; - expand the useful capacity of the data storage by including heterogeneous components and cloud components. Comparative assessment of developed and existing models and methods of synthesis information structures of computer systems on an integrated software platforms was carriedout. Based on the results that were obtained, the effectiveness of the proposed methods was proved. In particular, an assessment of the effectiveness of the subsystem for providing distance learning of the computer system in a technical university was carried out. The results of the integrated application of the proposed methods in the formation to the project of a computer system managing for the production structures of the airport are also presented. Where by increasing the transaction efficiency of information, the customer's requirements were achieved. They were executed relative to the limit of the probability of time bounds.This was done for operational transactions of the computer system with an increase in the load of the basic network.

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.13.05 – комп'ютерні системи та компоненти. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Міністерство освіти і науки України, Харків, 2020. Дисертаційна робота присвячена вирішенню актуальної науково-прикладної проблеми підвищення оперативності процесу передачі інформації в комп'ютерних системах (КС) на інтегрованих програмних платформах (ІПП) на основі розробки математичного апарату синтезу інформаційних структур. Проведено аналіз стану проблеми. Зі збільшенням обсягів інформації, яка передається в КС, та підвищенням вимог до оперативності її передачі, все більше застосовуються ІПП. Це суттєво впливає на інформаційні структури КС та призводить до зниження показників оперативності. Розроблено комплекс взаємопов’язаних моделей інформаційної структури КС та технічної структури базової мережі, який дозволяє враховувати інформаційні взаємозв’язки між складовими КС та підвищити ступінь адекватності моделей. Розроблено комплекс методів оперативного перерозподілу інформаційних потоків в базовій мережі КС на ІПП, який дозволяє зменшити середню затримку пакетів. Розроблено комплекс методів синхронізації інформаційної структури КС з обчислювальними ресурсами вузлів базової мережі, що дозволяє оперативно провести синхронізацію, орієнтовану на зменшення витрат обчислювального ресурсу та підвищення оперативності передачі інформації. Удосконалено метод статичного розподілу інформаційних потоків за маршрутами у базовій мережі КС на ІПП. Удосконалено метод формування інформаційної структури підвищеної надійності у КС на ІПП, що дає змогу у разі виникнення відмови будь-якого вузла мережі продовжити обробку транзакцій комп’ютерної системи без суттєвого зменшення показників якості обслуговування та без зміни інформаційної структури. Дістав подальшого розвитку метод оптимізації інформаційної структури КС на ІПП за рахунок використання на етапі розподілу навантаження інформаційних вузлів математичного апарату генетичних алгоритмів, що дозволяє зменшити часові витрати на синтез інформаційної структури та сформувати збалансоване навантаження на вузли базової мережі. Дістав подальшого розвитку метод вибору оптимального плану виконання транзакцій КС на ІПП за рахунок введення динамічної функції штрафу за перевищення часових показників. Дістав подальшого розвитку комплекс методів обробки запитів до сховища даних КС на ІПП за рахунок створення єдиного дискового пулу та врахування особливостей доступу до хмарних компонент сховища даних.
Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences in the specialty of 05.13.05 – Computer Systems and Components. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 2020. The thesis is devoted to solving actual scientific and technical problem of increasing the efficiency of the information transfer process in computer systems on integrated software platforms. It is based on the development of a mathematical apparatus (mathematical models and methods) for the synthesis of information structures. The analysis of the problem state was carried out. It was revealed that, simultaneously with the increase in the volume of transmitted information in the computer system and the increased requirements for the speed of information transmission, integrated software platforms are increasingly used. As a result, the structure and nature of information flows change qualitatively and quantitatively. This significantly affects the information structur es of computer systems and leads to a decrease in efficiency indicators. A complex of interrelated models of the information structure of the computer system and the technical structure of the basic network has been developed. It takes into account the peculiarities of the integrated software platform. The complex is based on a stratified representation of the main constituents of the models. This allows you to take into account the informational relationships between the components of the computer system. It also allows increasing the degree of model adequacy. A set of methods for operational redistribution of information flows in the basic network of a computer system on an integrated software platform has been developed. This complex takes into account the dynamics of the development of a computer system and the characteristic features of the underlying network. It is based on the operational reconfiguration of the virtual communication channel system. This helps to reduce the average packet delay. A set of methods for synchronizing the information structure of a computer system with the computing resources of the nodes of the basic network has been developed. The complex, which has been developed, takes into account information links between the tasks of a computer system and the possibility of using composite applications. This complex is based on an adaptive approach to finding a rational distribution of tasks between network nodes. The complex allows you to quickly synchronize. Synchronization is focused on reducing the cost of computing resources and increasing the efficiency of information transfer. The method of distribution of information flows along routes in the basic network of a computer system on an integrated software platform has been improved. The method differs from the known ones by using iterative load balancing of hosts. This is what makes it possible to reduce the cost of computing resources. The method of forming an information structure of increased reliability in a computer system on an integrated software platform has been improved. This method differs from the known ones by the simultaneous distribution of information flows along all the main and alternative routes of the core network. This allows, in the event of a failure of any network node, to continue processing transactions of the computer system. The computer system will operate without a significant decrease in service quality indicators and without changing the information structure. The method of optimizing the information structure of a computer system on an integrated software platform has been further developed. The method is based on the use of the mathematical apparatus of genetic algorithms. This device is used at the stage of load distribution of information nodes. This makes it possible to reduce the time spent on synthesizing the information structure and to form a balanced load on the nodes of the core network.The method of selecting an optimal plan for executing transactions of a computer system on an integrated software platform was further developed. A dynamic penalty function was introduced for exceeding time indicators. It is focused on the specifics of the integrated software platform and time scaling. This allows you to reduce the time spent on operational chang es to the transaction execution plan. The complex of methods for processing requests to the data storage of a computer system on an integrated software platform has been further developed. A single disk pool was created. The peculiarities of access to the cloud components of the data warehouse were taken into account. This allows distributed heterogeneous components to be included in repositories. It also reduces the execution time of applications that access data warehouse components.

Le microenvironnement tumoral est un acteur majeur du contrôle immunitaire du développement tumoral. Ce contrôle commence à distance des cellules tumorales, dans le stroma tumoral, au sein de structures appelées structures lymphoïdes tertiaires (TLS), composées d'une zone de lymphocytes B (LB) où se trouvent principalement des lymphocytes B (LB) adjacents à une zone T. Nos précédents résultats ont mis en évidence que la zone B des TLS peut être un site de différenciation des LB en LB mémoires et plasmocytes (PC), sécrétant principalement des IgA et IgG chez les patients atteints de cancer du poumon non à petites cellules (NSCLC). Nous avons donc émis l'hypothèse que ces PC à IgA et IgG peuvent être impliqués dans la génération de réponses immunitaires anti-tumorales. Nous avons démontré que de fortes densités de PC à IgA et IgG sont associées à une meilleure survie chez les patients NSCLC. Une co-localisation entre les PC à IgA et IgG et les LT CD8+stromales a été observée dans le stroma tumoral, suggérant un dialogue entre ces deux types cellulaires pouvant influencer la survie des patients. En effet, nous montrons que la combinaison de fortes densités en PC et LT CD8+ stromales détermine un groupe de patients de meilleur pronostic. L’ensemble de ces résultats fournit de nouvelles connaissances quant au rôle des plasmocytes intra-tumoraux dans le microenvironnement tumoral des patients NSCLC
The tumor microenvironment plays a major role in the immune control of the tumor development. This control starts at a distance from the tumor cells, in the tumor stroma, within structures called tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), composed of a B-cell zone where B lymphocytes (LB) are mainly found, and a T-cell area that is adjacent to the B-cell zone. Our previous results in non-small cell lung cancer patients (NSCLC) showed that the TLS-associated B-cell zone could be a site of B cell differentiation into memory B cells and IgA and IgG secreting plasma cells (PC). We therefore hypothesized that these IgA and IgG PC could be involved in the generation of the anti-tumor immune response. We demonstrated that high densities of IgA and IgG PC are associated with increased survival of NSCLC patients. A co-localization between PC and stromal CD8+ T cells was observed in the tumor stroma, strongly suggesting the presence of a crosstalk between these immune cell types which positively influences patient survival. Furthermore, we reported that the combination of high density of PC and stromal CD8+ T cell determines the group of patients with the lowest risk of death. Altogether, this study gives new insights in the role of tumor-infiltrating plasma cells in the tumor microenvironment of NSCLC patients

Climate change and increasing anthropogenic activities are causing rapid changes to environmental and ecological processes in the Arctic Ocean. To better understand these changes, scientists have increased research efforts in these regions, but to date the number of studies on Arctic nearshore habitats are lacking. My dissertation responds to the paucity of information and investigates patterns in Arctic nearshore fish communities and food webs to gain insight to how these ecosystems may shift as these changes continue. I used multivariate statistical analysis to examine patterns in community structure and composition to determine that Arctic nearshore fish communities are largely driven by prey availability, salinity and temperature; and that species that are more abundant in warmer conditions are likely to increase in abundance as climatic conditions in the Arctic continue to warm. I improved the ability to apply stable isotope methods to Arctic food web studies by determining more appropriate model parameters using a laboratory-based isotope study on a common Arctic nearshore fish, and discuss its potential as a biological monitor species. These new parameters are used to confirm that a shift in prey resource dependence occurs across the seasonal shift from ice-covered winter to open-water summer conditions. Changes in basal resource dependence also occur later in the season across a latitudinal gradient where a shift to dependence on allochtonous inputs from nearby rivers increased trophic diversity. Using isotopic niche space theory, it was determined that the Arctic nearshore has a diverse prey base but that niche spaces of Arctic warm-water and cold-water species do overlap, and if numbers of warm-water fish continue to increase it will likely increase competition for resources for potentially less-adaptable, well-established, cold-water forage fish. On the other hand, if pelagic productivity is expected to increase and support larger fish biomasses, then there will be more than enough resources for warm-water and cold-water species to coexist, thus creating a more diverse prey base for piscivores in the Arctic.

An efficient numerical method for solving Schrö
dinger'
s and Poisson'
s equations using a basis set of cubic B-splines is investigated. The method is applied to find both the wave functions and the corresponding eigenenergies of low-dimensional semiconductor structures. The computational efficiency of the method is explicitly shown by the multiresolution analysis, non-uniform grid construction and imposed boundary conditions by applying it to well-known single electron potentials. The method compares well with the results of analytical solutions and of the finite difference method.

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The Ministry of Health (MS) recommends quality and humanized prenatal care based on convenient and educative behavior, in addition to the minimum of six visits for a proper follow-up of the pregnant woman. The education group is an interactive space that prepares the pregnant woman for the pregnancy and puerperal period. It enables the exchange of experience and knowledge among pregnant women and health professionals in order to promote health and humanization. The present study aimed to analyze the participation of pregnant women in pre-natal education groups in basic health care units of the Sanitary District Campinas-Centro of Goiânia-Goiás. This is a cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative approach which was carried out between 2014 and 2015, with pregnant women over 18 years of age. The pregnant women were enrolled in the prenatal program of four Basic Health Care Units in Goiânia -Goiás. The pregnant women were interviewed about their participation of the prenatal education group before voluntary acceptance through the Informed Consent Form. We performed a descriptive analysis of the data using absolute (n) and relative (%) frequency measurements. The results were categorized and presented in tables and figures. This study was conducted in a population of 90 pregnant women. The majority of the participants were aged between 18 and 28 years, more than nine years of schooling, living with his partner, income of up to two minimum wages and they did not own a property. They had normal pregnancy in the thi rd trimester with an average of five follow-up visits and had been pregnant previously. The subjects of greatest interest to the pregnant women were "Newborn Care" (77.8%) and "Breastfeeding" (55.6%). Regarding other topics, "Indications and types of childbi rth" was pointed out as the most relevant. The facilitating and hindering factors for the participation in the pregnant group were, respectively: meeting schedule (60% and 34.4%), place (78.9% e 14.4%); pe rsonal availability (53.3% e 46.7%), working schedule (27.8% and 34.4%), study schedule (33.3% and 6.7%), having someone to take care of thei r children (22.2%) and not having someone to take care of thei r children (7.8%), not having children (43.3%) and transportation (14.4%). We concluded that the participation of the pregnant women in the prenatal education groups was different among the healthy units and influenced by availability with "meeting schedule", " place" and "not having children". The results reinforce the role of nurses in the planning and management of the group as an important strategy for health promotion and education for pregnant women and their families.
O Ministério da Saúde (MS) preconiza a atenção pré-natal de qualidade e humanizada a partir da inclusão de condutas acolhedoras e educativas, com número mínimo de seis consultas para o acompanhamento adequado da gestante. O grupo educativo constitui um espaço interativo de preparo da gestante para o período gravídico-puerperal, permite o intercâmbio de experiências e conhecimentos entre as gestantes e profissionais da saúde para que favoreçam a promoção da saúde e humanização. Este estudo objetivou analisar a participação de gestantes em grupos educativos do pré-natal, em unidades de atenção básica de saúde, do Distrito Sanitário Campinas-Centro de Goiânia-Goiás. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo exploratório com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em 2014 e 2015, com 90 gestantes maiores de 18 anos, usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde, cadastradas no programa pré -natal de quatro Unidades de Atenção Básica de Saúde de Goiânia-Goiás. As gestantes foram ent revistadas acerca da sua participação do grupo educativo de pré-natal, após aceite voluntário por meio do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Realizou-se análise descritiva dos dados, com utilização da medida de frequência absoluta (n) e relativa (%). Os resultados foram categorizados e apresentados em forma de tabelas e figuras. A grande maioria das participantes apresentou idade entre 18 a 28 anos, mais de nove anos de estudo, união estável, atividade de trabalho remunerado com renda de até dois salários mínimos, sem imóvel próprio, gestação normal no terceiro trimestre com média de cinco consultas. Os temas de maior interesse das gestantes foram “Cuidados com o recém-nascido” (77,8%) e “Amamentação” (55,6%). Os fatores facilitadores e di ficultadores para a participação no grupo de gestantes foram, respectivamente: horário dos encontros (60% e 34,4%), local (78,9% e 14,4%); disponibilidade pessoal (53,3% e 46,7%), horário de trabalho (27,8% e 34,4%), horário de estudo (33,3% e 6,7%), ter quem cuida dos filhos (22,2%) e não ter (7,8%), não ter filhos (43,3%) e locomover até a unidade de saúde (14,4%). Concluiu -se que a participação das gestantes nos grupos educativos do pré-natal foi diferente entre as UBS e influenciada pela disponibilidade ao “horário do grupo”, “loc al dos encontros” e “Não ter filhos”. Isto reforça o papel do enfermeiro no planejamento e gestão do grupo como importante estratégia de promoção e educação em saúde da gestante e de sua família.

Les nanomoteurs des cellules Eucaryotes leur permettent d'accomplir de nombreuses tâches mécaniques complexes, nécessaires à la génération de tensions dans des emplacements cellulaires précis. Le transport ou la fixation de vésicules dans des voies d'endocytose et de sécrétion peuvent par exemple en résulter. Parmi ces moteurs, les myosines sont capables, à partir de l’hydrolyse de l’ATP, de générer de la force en association avec des filaments d'actine. Les myosines se divisent en plusieurs classes impliquées dans un large panel de fonctions et de pathologies. Leur dysfonctionnement peut entrainer de nombreuses maladies dont la spasticité, l’asthme, la cardiomyopathie, la surdité ou encore de nombreux cancers… (Coluccio, 2020).En ce sens, le projet de thèse est centré d’une part (I) sur l’étude de la régulation du moteur de myosine VI (Myo6) impliqué dans la surdité (Miyagawa et al., 2015) ainsi que de nombreux cancers (You et al., 2018 ; Yang et al., 2021 ; Yang, 2019 ; Li et al., 2015 ; Ma et al., 2015 ; Dunn et al., 2006). En effet, la Myo6 est unique parmi tous les membres de la superfamille des myosines car elle se déplace sur les filaments d'actine dans la direction opposée à toutes les autres myosines. Cette spécificité lui permet d’accomplir des rôles cellulaires uniques qui ne peuvent être effectués par aucune autre myosine. (II) D’autre part, le projet de thèse s’est concentré sur l’étude de la poche Blebbistatin (Straight et al., 2003), une poche d’inhibition au sein du domaine moteur (Roman et al., 2018) afin d’en explorer le potentiel pour le développement d’inhibiteurs spécifiques d’une isoforme de myosine.Cette thèse contribue donc :(I) à la compréhension des processus de régulation de l’activité de la Myo6 via une approche alliant biologie structurale, essais biophysiques et biologie cellulaire.Une telle régulation passe par l’existence d’un état auto-inhibé de la Myo6 (Spink et al., 2008 ; Fili et al., 2017 ; Fili et al., 2020), état dans lequel cette dernière consomme peu d’ATP et diffuse librement dans le cytosol afin que le moteur ne soit activé qu’au site requis pour son recrutement. L’étude biophysique de cet état a permis de mieux comprendre comment le stabiliser ou le déstabiliser in vitro et nous a permis d’obtenir un premier modèle de l’état auto-inhibé en utilisant la microscopie électronique. Cette étude nous a également permis de mieux comprendre le rôle différentiel des partenaires cellulaires de Myo6 pour son activation. Des mutants favorisant l’activation ou la formation de l’état auto-inhibé de la Myo6 ont été développés sur la base de cette étude. Leur capacité à être recrutés par différents partenaires de la Myo6 a ainsi pu être étudié dans des cellules de mélanome humain (MNT-1), ces essais confirment un recrutement différentiel par les partenaires et suggère recrutement non spécifique des mutant favorisant l’activation.(II) à la compréhension de la spécificité du MPH-220, un inhibiteur spécifique de la myosine-2 squelettique dérivé de l'inhibiteur de myosine bien connu, la Blebbistatin (Straight et al., 2003) à partir d'une approche cristallographique.Cette étude décrit que la spécificité de cet inhibiteur à fort potentiel pour le développement d'un nouveau traitement contre la spasticité repose sur un seul résidu non conservé dans la poche allostérique des autres myosines-2 (Gyimesi et al., 2020)
The eukaryotic cell nanomotors are able to perform many complex mechanical tasks, necessary for tension generation in precise cellular locations such as transport or attachment of vesicles in the endocytic and secretory pathways. Among these motors, myosins are able, from the hydrolysis of ATP, to generate force in association with actin filaments. Myosins are divided into many classes involved in a wide range of functions and pathologies. Their dysfunction can lead to many diseases including spasticity, asthma, cardiomyopathy, deafness or many cancers... (Coluccio, 2020).Thus, the thesis project is centered on the one hand (I) on the study of the regulation of myosin VI (Myo6) involved in deafness (Miyagawa et al., 2015) as well as many cancers (You et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2021; Yang, 2019; Li et al., 2015; Ma et al., 2015; Dunn et al., 2006). Myo6 is unique among all members of the myosin superfamily because it moves on actin filaments in the opposite direction to all other myosins. (II) On the other hand, the thesis project focused on the study of the Blebbistatin pocket (Straight et al., 2003), an inhibitor pocket within the myosin motor domain (Roman et al., 2018) in order to explore its potential for the development of specific inhibitors of a myosin isoform. This specificity allows it to perform unique cellular roles that cannot be performed by any other myosin. This thesis therefore contributes to:(I) Understanding the processes regulating the activity of Myo6 via an approach combining structural biology, biophysical tests and cell biology.Such regulation involves the existence of an auto-inhibited state of Myo6 (Spink et al., 2008; Fili et al., 2017; Fili et al., 2020), a state in which the latter consumes little ATP and diffuses freely into the cytosol so that the motor is activated only at the site required for its recruitment. The biophysical study of this state has made it possible to better understand how to stabilize or destabilize it in vitro and has enabled us to obtain a first model of the auto-inhibited state using negative staining electron microscopy. This study also allowed us to better understand the differential role of cellular partners of Myo6 for its activation. Mutants promoting the activation or formation of the auto-inhibited state of Myo6 have been developed based on this study. Their ability to be recruited by different partners of Myo6 could thus be studied in human melanoma cells (MNT-1), these tests confirm a differential recruitment by the partners and suggest non-specific recruitment of mutants promoting activation.(II) Understanding the specificity of the MPH-220, a specific inhibitor of skeletal Myosin-2 derived from the well-known myosin inhibitor, Blebbistatin (Straight et al., 2003) from a crystallographic approach.This study describes that the specificity of this inhibitor with high potential for the development of new treatment against spasticity is based on a single non-conserved residue in the Blebbistatin allosteric pocket of the other myosins-2 (Gyimesi et al., 2020)

In this thesis I investigate the relationship between the semantics of a verb and its selectional restrictions, which determine how many and what kind of arguments it must occur with in a clause. For most verbs, these restrictions are predictable from the semantics of the verb, but there are pairs of verbs with very similar semantics that differ in their argument restrictions. For example, both ask and wonder can take questions as their complements (John asked/wondered what time it was), but of the two, only ask can take a noun phrase complement with a question-like interpretation (John asked/*wondered the time). Similarly, while both eat and devour are verbs of consumption, the object can be omitted with eat but not devour (John ate/*devoured yesterday). Due to these and similar examples, many linguists have claimed that selectional restrictions are to some extent arbitrary and unpredictable from the semantics, and therefore must be learned as part of our knowledge of the relevant verbs. In this thesis I argue that these differences are not arbitrary; they recur across languages, and they can be predicted on the basis of lexical semantics, meaning they do not need to be learned on a word-by-word basis. In order for selectional features to be eliminated from the grammar, and replaced with semantic generalizations, two things must be shown. First, it must be demonstrated that the elements being selected for can be defined in terms of their semantics, rather than their syntactic properties. If not, the selectional properties could not be considered to be fully predictable based on the semantics of the selecting and selected items. Second, it must be shown that the selectional restrictions of a predicate are predictable from components of the selecting predicate’s meaning. In other words, the semantics of both the selected and the selecting elements must be accounted for. I focus mainly on the semantics of selected elements in Chapter 2, and on selecting elements in Chapters 3 and 4. Chapter 2 provides a brief review of the literature on selectional features, and argues that the elements being selected need not be defined in terms of their syntactic category and features. Instead, what are selected for are the semantic properties of the selected items. While the relationship between syntactic and semantic categories and properties is often systematic, it is not always, which can make it difficult in certain cases to determine the semantic basis for predicting what elements will be selected. Specifically, I argue that what appears to be selection for clausal categories (CPs or TPs) is in fact selection for propositional entities (including questions, assertions, facts, and so on); apparent selection for bare verb phrases (vPs) is selection for eventualities (events or states); and apparent selection for nominals (DPs) is selection for objects or things. Only properties of the nearest semantic entity (i.e., excluding elements embedded therein) can be selected for. In this way, I account for the selectional asymmetries between clausal and nominal complements noted by Bruening (2009) and Bruening et al. (2018): predicates selecting clausal complements can only select for (semantic) properties of the upper portion of the clause (in the CP domain), not for the lower portion (the vP domain), while predicates taking nominal complements can select for any properties of the nominal rather than being restricted to the upper portion. Since all syntactic properties of items are encoded as features, on a syntactic account it is expected that all features should be involved in selectional restrictions, contrary to fact; the semantic approach taken here allows for a principled explanation of what can and cannot be selected for. In Chapters 3 and 4 I turn to the lexical semantics of selecting elements, showing that these too are involved in determining selectional restrictions. I start in Chapter 3 by looking at c-selection (i.e., syntactic selection), specifically the case of eat versus devour. As mentioned above, their selectional properties of these two verbs differ in that the complement of eat is optional, while that of devour is obligatory, despite the two verbs having similar meanings. I show that this is due to the aspectual properties of these verbs: devour denotes an event where the complement necessarily undergoes a complete scalar change (i.e., it must be fully devoured by the end of the event), which means that the complement must be syntactically realized (Rappaport Hovav and Levin 2001; Rappaport Hovav 2008). Eat, on the other hand, does not entail a complete change of state in its complement, and so the complement is optional. I show that the correlation between scalar change entailments and obligatory argument realization holds for a wider group of verbs as well. Thus, the c-selectional properties of eat, devour, and similar verbs need not be stipulated in their lexical entries. In Chapter 4 I turn to the selection of complements headed by a particular lexical item, as with rely, which requires a PP complement headed by on, a phenomenon commonly referred to as l-selection. I show that the sets of verbs and prepositions involved in l-selection, and the observed verb-preposition combinations, are not fully random but can instead be (partially) predicted based on the thematic properties of the items in question. Furthermore, I show that there are different kinds of l-selecting predicates, and one kind is systematically present in satellite-framed languages (like English) and absent in verb-framed languages (like French), based on the Framing Typology of Talmy (1985, 1991, 2000). I account for this difference by analyzing l-selection as an instance of complex predicate formation, and showing that a certain kind of complex predicate (exemplified by rely on) is possible in satellite-framed languages but not in verb-framed languages. Thus, I show that the features that get selected for are semantic features, and that the problematic cases of eat versus devour and l-selection have semantic correlates, and need not be stipulated in the lexicon. While this leaves many instances of selectional features unaccounted for, it provides proposals for some components of lexical semantics that are relevant to selection, and demonstrates that a research program directed toward eliminating the remaining cases is plausibly viable.

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Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências do Cuidado em Saúde
Este estudo contribui para o Projeto de pesquisa do Ministério da Saúde: Observatório Nacional da Produção de Cuidado em diferentes modalidades à luz do processo de implantação das Redes Temáticas de Atenção à Saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde: Avalia quem pede, quem faz e quem usa (RAC). Possui como tema os grupos de educação em saúde nas unidades de Estratégia Saúde da Família. Objetivo geral: analisar os diversos processos de constituição de grupalidade nos grupos de educação em saúde em unidades básicas. Objetivos específicos: Identificar as ferramentas empregadas na constituição de grupos de educação em saúde e relatar o manejo das estratégias de grupalidade presentes nos grupos estudados. Foi utilizado Referencial conceitual fundamentado em autores da área da psicologia. Caminho metodológico: abordagem qualitativa, do tipo descritivo, que se deu por meio da Pesquisa – Interferência e outros referenciais, me valendo também do movimento cartográfico. Coleta de dados: observação participante, construção do Diário de Campo e narrativas de três grupos de educação em saúde numa unidade básica no bairro da Rocinha/RJ. Resultados e discussão: Usuários e profissionais identificam os grupos como instrumento fundamental de prática coletiva. Dentre alguns recolhimentos que deixaram impressão, destaco: o local para realização dos grupos; o grupo como local de criação da rede viva; grupo como local de experimentação de novas formas de viver; o uso de tecnologias; o modo como os diálogos são tecidos e como o pertencimento se faz. Considerações finais: Podemos afirmar que os elementos que compõem a grupalidade são combustível para se promover a vida, devido aos dispositivos empregados na construção de processos de pertencimento. O grupo como aposta do cuidado na Atenção Básica aparece como instrumento a ser mais bem entendido e explorado, pois se apresenta como um dispositivo disparador do cuidado na rede e para o cuidado de si
This study contributes to the Research Project of the Ministry of Health: National Observatory of Care Production in different approaches in the view of the implementation process of the Thematic Networks of Health Care in the Unified Federal Health System: “Evaluates who asks, who does and who uses” (RAC). It has as its theme the health education groups in the Family Health Strategy units. The general objective is to analyze the diverse processes of constitution of grouping in the health education groups in basic units. As specific objectives the Identification of the tools used in the constitution of health education groups and report the management of group strategies present in the groups studied. The methodology employed occurred in two ways: an exploratory - bringing evidence of studies on the proposed theme and a descriptive - using Research Interference and the cartographic movement. This second obtained as a scenario a basic health unit in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The data was collected through observation of participants, construction of a field diary and narratives of three groups of health education in a basic unit in the neighborhood of Rocinha, in Rio de Janeiro city. As results, it could be pointed that health care users and professionals identified groups as a fundamental instrument of collective practice. Among some collections that left impression – “what is in the skin”, the place where the groups are formed is emphasized by the author. the group as the place of creation of the living network and experiment with new ways of living; the use of light technologies and the rationality of praxis; the way the dialogues are woven and how becoming a part of the group is done. Such impressions are those that promote the grouping. We can affirm that the elements that make up the grouping are the fuel to promote life due to the devices employed in the construction of processes of belonging. The group as a resource of care in Primary Care appears as an instrument to be better understood and explored as it presents itself as a trigger device for care in the network and for care of itself

Chan, Ka Ming.
Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2014.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-148).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on 16, December, 2016).

博士
東海大學
社會學系
95
The Formation of the basic structure of modern state in ROC can’t be simply attributed to KNT state after 1949. Certain inspiration and limited achievement have been erected during the period of Mainland China. Such a way of thinking does not consider 1949 as something disrupting two different phases between mainland and Taiwan, but rather tries to link some continuities across 1949, mainly from Nankin government during 1930s to Taipei’s one during 1950s. In order to comprehend the whole range of history, this dissertation also tries to combine Japan since 1868, Taiwan since 1895 and KMT regime since 1945. International influence, learning and legacy leave those areas or historical periods under similar pressure of war, linking the common and separate feature of them. Borrowing Mann’s four categories of social powers, this dissertation uses for dimension of mobilization to detest the monopolization of modern state in Japan, Taiwan and especially Republic of China. To focus on certain features, this dissertation refers economic mobilization to the structure of state-owned enterprises and capital-bureaucracy relationships, refers military mobilization to the practice of conscription and youth organization, refers political mobilization to modern police and rural organizations, refers ideological mobilization to the formation of nationalism and the utilization of the concept of civilization. Under the guidance of war, this dissertation concludes that ROC, as many other non-western state, has undergone the war-led modernity and the orchestra of statism. The urgent sense of rescue of nation overweighs the rational enlightenment, which becomes the legacy that is alive, perhaps, till now.