Academic literature on the topic 'Bashkir imprints'

The article is devoted to the materials of the Sorvikha hillfort which was discovered by N.A.Mazhitov in 1959. He attributed the hillfort to the Pyanobor and Bakhmutin cultures according to the ceramics. The large-scale excavations were conducted at the Sorvikha settlement by the archaeological expedition of the Udmurt Republic’s Museum of Local History (now Kuzebay Gerd National Museum of the Udmurt Republic). The expedition was led by T.I. Ostanina in 1990. The archaeological research resulted in the following conclusions. The ancient settlement was a well-fortified (up to 42 m high, three ramparts, ditches along the ramparts and slopes, a scarp at the edge of the cape built later). Unlike other settlements of the Belaya River basin, the Sorvikha settlement has a large area (132 thousand square meters) which allowed a significant number of people to live there. The Sorvikha ancient settlement occupies a central place, but together with the nearby settlements of Bogorodskoye (Sergeevskoye), Novo-Petrovskoye, located 4.7 and 20 km away from Sorvikha respectively, it constitutes the defensive line of open settlements in the upper reaches of the Bir, Big Izyak and Small Izyak rivers. There are few dating finds (a faience bead of the 3rd–4th centuries, a knife with a groove of the Kharinо time). They make it possible to attribute the monument of the 3rd–4th centuries corresponding to the chronology of the Mazuninо/Bakhmutinо culture. The population was engaged in small-scale animal husbandry producing meat and dairy. Hunting and fishing played a secondary role. There was also non-ferrous casting, although there is still not enough evidence to confirm this idea (a piece of non-ferrous metal slag was found). The excavations discovered a significant number of fragments of hand-made ware. Their general characteristics are as follows: pot-shaped medium-sized vessels made of clay dough composed with sand or sand with small pebbles, very rarely it was composed with crushed seashell. In most cases, the upper part (neck, shoulders, body – less often) of the vessels are ornamented. The patterns are represented by horizontal rows of dimple impressions (imprintы) of different shapes. The neck and the shoulders have a herringbone pattern. The settlement belongs to the Bashkir variant of the Mazunino culture.

Purpose of the study. The relevance of the article is due to the digital transformation of the educational process and the increasing requirements for digital education. The purpose of this study is to develop a cognitive model of the learning path based on the digital footprint and analyze the results of its testing.Materials and methods. The study includes a review and analysis of bibliographic sources on the problems of using the digital footprint in the education system, as well as the construction of a model of the e-learning path management system taking into account the digital footprint of students with its implementation in the e-learning system based on LMS Moodle.Results. In this paper, the concept of the digital footprint of trainees is given, the structure of its components is considered. In this case, the digital footprint is understood as the electronic form ofpresenting data based on the results of the educational, professional and social activities of a person, characterizing the level of their professional competence in terms of the trajectory of personal and professional development. At the same time, components of digital footprint are distinguished as technical, technological, personality-psychological, behavioral, active, competent, communicative, and reflective. The concept of the cognitive model structure of a learner is also given, which includes personal experience and competence, cognitive abilities, socially-determined and biopsychic characteristics, the ability to reflect, and technical equipment. At the same time, we can conclude that the digital footprint of the student is to a certain extent a digital imprint of the current cognitive model, fixed at a certain point in time and showing the place of a particular person in social and professional environment.Based on the results of modeling the e-learning trajectory, the concept of an electronic training course has been designed to form and evaluate the professional competencies of students taking into account their digital footprint. The model was tested in the LMS e-learning system of the Bashkir State Agrarian University for both full-time students and students of a distance group of continuing education courses as part of further professional education. The proposed electronic course allows, in particular, to realize the cognitive model of the educational process by varying the learning tasks and their learning paths.Conclusion. The considered methodology for formation of an educational trajectory based on a digital footprint is intended to improve the educational process, increase its efficiency by strengthening control over the current level of formation of students’ competencies. The proposed concept of e-learning, taking into account the cognitive model of the learner, allows you to build a flexible learning path that takes into account the existing level of professional competence of the student and individual characteristics and needs. At the same time, it is concluded that the formation and assessment ofprofessional competencies of students is a complex task, the effective solution of which requires the integration of the efforts of all participants in the educational process, including lecturers and students.

Abstract Local state officials impact authoritarian systems through the mediation they perform. Desrosiers and Mahé argue that these local functionaries fulfill a number of mediating functions, including translating and representing authoritarian systems at the local level. By enacting these two roles, however, local officials do not straightforwardly reproduce the system. Instead, their interpretations and choices fundamentally influence the imprint authoritarianism has on society, from how the regime is experienced at the local level to its groundings and resilience. They demonstrate this argument by looking at pre-genocide Rwanda and Sudan under President Omar al-Bashir.