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1
Raynova, Yvanka B. "Philosophische Übersetzung zwischen "sprachlicher Gewaltanwendung" und translativer Hermeneutik. Translatorische Überlegungen aus der Sicht der Übersetzung(en) von Jean-Paul Sartres 'L'être et le néant'." Labyrinth 21, no. 2 (March 3, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25180/lj.v21i2.190.
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Philosophical translation between "linguistic violence" and translative hermeneutics. Translational considerations from the perspective of the translation(s) of Jean-Paul Sartre's L'être et le néant The establishment of translatology as a scientific discipline is a late phenomenon to which not only linguistics but also the philosophy of language has contributed significantly. Although the considerations of Schleiermacher, Ricoeur, Derrida, Balibar, Cassin and other philosophers are very stimulating for the examination of the translation problematics, they do not offer a particular translation theory of philosophical texts. Most of their works are of little help in practice when it comes to translating a complicated philosophical text. That is why I will take in this paper the opposite path and start from my own experience as a translator of philosophical literature into Bulgarian and, more concretely, from my translation of Jean-Paul Sartre's L'être et le néant. On the base of this key work of contemporary philosophy and its translations into different languages, I will address the difficulties and the specifics of philosophical translation, discuss various translation methods, and argue several theses, which could serve as impulses for a further development of translation theory and translation practice in the field of philosophy.
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Basnight-Brown, Dana M., Stephanie A. Kazanas, and Jeanette Altarriba. "Translation ambiguity in Mandarin-English bilinguals." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 10, no. 4 (November 13, 2018): 559–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.17037.bas.
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Abstract Research focused on the cognitive processes surrounding bilingual language representation has revealed the important role that translation ambiguity plays in how languages are stored in memory (Tokowicz & Kroll, 2007). In addition, translation of emotionally related information has been shown to be challenging because a direct translation does not always exist (Basnight-Brown & Altarriba, 2014). The focus of the current study was to explore the processing of ambiguous words for translations that differ in orthography. In Experiment 1, Chinese-English bilinguals translated concrete and abstract words that differed in the number of translations across languages. In Experiment 2, emotion words were introduced into the context, in order to examine differences in emotion translation across languages. The results revealed that words with a single translation were produced faster and more accurately than words that had multiple translations. Finally, translation of emotional stimuli was faster when translating Chinese words as compared to English words.
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Xiu, Peng, and Liming Xeauyin. "Human translation vs machine translation: The practitioner phenomenology." Linguistics and Culture Review 2, no. 1 (May 9, 2018): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v2n1.8.
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The paper aimed at exploring the current phenomenon regarding human translation with machine translation. Human translation (HT), by definition, is when a human translator—rather than a machine—translate text. It's the oldest form of translation, relying on pure human intelligence to convert one way of saying things to another. The person who performs language translation. Learn more about using technology to reduce healthcare disparity. A person who performs language translation. The translation is necessary for the spread of information, knowledge, and ideas. It is absolutely necessary for effective and empathetic communication between different cultures. Translation, therefore, is critical for social harmony and peace. Only a human translation can tell the difference because the machine translator will just do the direct word to word translation. This is a hindrance to machines because they are not advanced to the level of rendering these nuances accurately, but they can only do word to word translations. There are different translation techniques, diverse theories about translation and eight different translation services types, including technical translation, judicial translation and certified translation. The translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. The genetic code describes the relationship between the sequence of base pairs in a gene and the corresponding amino acid sequence that it encodes.
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Porkhomovsky, Victor Ya, and Olga I. Romanova. "Names of God in Vulgate and the Italian translations of the Old Testament." RESEARCH RESULT Theoretical and Applied Linguistics 7, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18413/2313-8912-2021-7-3-0-4.
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The present publication expands the analysis of the Old Testament translations into different languages. This line of studies was initiated by the works of the late French scholar Philippe Cassuto and one of the authors of this publication. The purpose of the article is to look at the strategies applied in translating the Old Testament names of the Supreme Being into Latin (the Vulgate version) and modern Italian. This purpose is two-fold: by doing so, we also expand the data base of the Old Testament terms‘ renditions in different languages. The article provides the full nomenclature of the names of the Supreme God in the Old-Hebrew (Masoretic) text of the Old Testament, concentrates on their semantics and grammatical structure, and explains the contexts of their use. A canonical Russian-language translation is used as a reference base to illustrate the fate of the original names of the God in translation. The widely-accepted English-language translations of the Old Testament are included to provide a broader perspective on translation strategies applied to this particular aspect of the Old Testament texts. The analyzed Latin and six modern Italian-language translations demonstrate a considerable degree of uniformity in translating the names of God. The Latin and the Italian translations apply the philological strategy to translating the Holy Bible (as opposed to another option presented by the typology of the Bible translation – the ideological strategy). Notwithstanding the relative lexical uniformity of the translations, they demonstrate the differences between Catholic and Protestant versions. The analysis of the Italian translations of the Old Testament contributes to the typology of the Bible translation and ultimately makes an input to the general theory of translation.
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Porkhomovsky, Victor Ya, and Olga I. Romanova. "Names of God in Vulgate and the Italian translations of the Old Testament." RESEARCH RESULT Theoretical and Applied Linguistics 7, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18413/2313-8912-2021-7-3-0-4.
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The present publication expands the analysis of the Old Testament translations into different languages. This line of studies was initiated by the works of the late French scholar Philippe Cassuto and one of the authors of this publication. The purpose of the article is to look at the strategies applied in translating the Old Testament names of the Supreme Being into Latin (the Vulgate version) and modern Italian. This purpose is two-fold: by doing so, we also expand the data base of the Old Testament terms‘ renditions in different languages. The article provides the full nomenclature of the names of the Supreme God in the Old-Hebrew (Masoretic) text of the Old Testament, concentrates on their semantics and grammatical structure, and explains the contexts of their use. A canonical Russian-language translation is used as a reference base to illustrate the fate of the original names of the God in translation. The widely-accepted English-language translations of the Old Testament are included to provide a broader perspective on translation strategies applied to this particular aspect of the Old Testament texts. The analyzed Latin and six modern Italian-language translations demonstrate a considerable degree of uniformity in translating the names of God. The Latin and the Italian translations apply the philological strategy to translating the Holy Bible (as opposed to another option presented by the typology of the Bible translation – the ideological strategy). Notwithstanding the relative lexical uniformity of the translations, they demonstrate the differences between Catholic and Protestant versions. The analysis of the Italian translations of the Old Testament contributes to the typology of the Bible translation and ultimately makes an input to the general theory of translation.
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Jawad, Hisham A. "Repetition in Literary Arabic: Foregrounding, Backgrounding, and Translation Strategies." Meta 54, no. 4 (February 1, 2010): 753–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/038902ar.
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Abstract The paper investigates lexical repetition in Arabic original literary texts and English translations. The empirical base material consists of a three-part autobiography (al-Ayyām, by Tāhā Hussein) and its translation (The Days). The method involves a mapping of the target text (TT) onto the source text (ST) so as to see how instances of lexical repetition are rendered into the translations and what are the strategies and norms involved in determining certain translation choices. Three types of lexical repetition are studied: lexical-item repetition, lexical-doublet repetition and phrase repetition. Lexical repetition serves two major functions, namely textual and rhetorical. The textual function concerns the potential of repetition for organising the text and rendering it cohesive, while the rhetorical foregrounds a mental image or invokes emotions in emotive language. It is observed that the translation of the autobiography’s second part is characterised mainly by the absence of lexical repetition, contrary to the translations of the first and third parts. Thus, the target text misrepresents the original author as passing through three stages of textual, stylistic development. As to the translation strategies, the findings suggest that the translators vary the ST by using different patterns of reference. Rhetorical repetition is backgrounded by at least one translator who replaces it with pervasive variation. It is argued that the ambivalence of their approaches leads to a misrepresentation of the original text (and perhaps the author) as rather uneven.The strategies for translating lexical repetition highlight the translators’ individual attitudes towards the ST’s norms and their adherence to the linguistic and cultural norms prevalent in the TL environment. On the whole, there is a variation in the degree of bias towards the norms of either SL or TL. In terms of Toury’s norms model, it may be safe to claim that the general trend of translational norms seems to lean more towards the acceptability pole than the adequacy pole, i.e., a TL-oriented strategy is opted for.
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Pleijel, Richard. "Translation teams as cognitive systems." Developments in Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies 8, no. 2 (November 22, 2021): 307–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00080.ple.
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Abstract This paper aims to bring research on different forms of group-level cognition into conversation with Cognitive Translation Studies (CTS), the focal point of the paper being cognitive processes in translation teams. It is argued that an analysis of cognition in translation teams, which exhibit the properties of a cognitive system, needs to be placed on group-level. A case study of a team, translating the Hebrew Bible Book of Psalms into Swedish in the 1980’s, is presented. The empirical base for the case study consists of archival material in the form of draft translations and paratexts. The methodological question is thus raised whether, and if so in what way, cognitive processes may be analyzed retrospectively, and not only from a real time perspective. By treating the archival material as cognitive artifacts which have constituted an integral part of the team’s cognitive process, the question is tentatively answered in a favourable way. This, it is finally argued, opens up interesting possibilities for joining CTS with translator archives research, Genetic Translation Studies (GTS), and cognitive archeology.
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Sarwono, Aris. "RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM MONITORING DENGAN VIDEO STREAMING DAN RECORDING SEBAGAI PEMANTAU RUANGAN KELAS MENGGUNAKAN WEBCAM BERBASIS OPENWRT." MEDIA ELEKTRIKA 12, no. 2 (January 3, 2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/me.12.2.2019.79-92.
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Network Monitoring Sistem is a collection of systems that have a function to observe or monitor systems that allow for errors in the system till it can be detected. Technological advances create a monitoring system using the Closed Circuit Television. Utilization of this device can make it easier to monitor the situation or condition of a room, so as to prevent the occurrence of a crime. This research use software system design that aims to facilitate the translation of system requirements that will be built or developed to estimate the system created is a quality system. Encoding on this system is the result of system design that will be implemented by using PHP, Html and bash script. And the last is a system reliability test before the system can actually be implemented through testing every function of the system that has been designed, and system feasibility testing. The results show that the design of monitoring system run well according to its function which is able to give info of the condition of a room in real time, can run according to the school's need for monitoring and supervision, as well as what options are given to monitor the space that is efficient and practical.
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Serpa, Talita, Celso Fernando Rocha, and Diva Cardoso De Camargo. "The Goodland & Colchie’s Stylistic Pattern in a Translational Process for Brazilianisms compared with Brazilian Literary Works present in Translational English Corpus (Tec)." Tradterm 33 (May 17, 2019): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-9511.v33i0p5-25.
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This article aims at analyzing possible stylistic patterns related to the translational process of brazilianisms present in a Darcy Ribeiro’s work, Maíra (1978), comparing it to other translations of Brazilian publications which integrate the Translational English Corpus (TEC). We base our research on canonical works of Corpus-Based Translation Studies (OLOHAN: 2001; BAKER: 1992 1993 1995; CAMARGO: 2005 2007), as well as of Terminology (FAULSTICH: 1995 2001 2002; BARBOSA: 2006), in order to investigate the sociocultural data by the use of WordSmith Tools - version 4.0 (SCOTT: 2004) and TEC Tools. We intend to promote a reflexive observation of brazilianisms, with regard to variation and loans, providing subsidies for the comprehension of translation as a social and linguistic behaviour.
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Al-Dherwi, Saleh Abdullah Ahmed, and Adel Abdulkhaliq Abdulkareem Dalol. "CONSISTENCY IN TRANSLATING THE DIVINE NAME AL-'ALĪM IN THE HOLY QURĀN." Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Humanity and Social Sciences 3, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47372/ejua-hs.2022.4.211.
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Translating the meaning of the Holy Qurān includes translating the meanings of the Divine Names, which are related to the Almighty Allah. This study focused on the consistency of three modern translations in translating the most recurred Divine Name in the Holy Qurān, Al-'Alīm, which recurred one hundred and fifty-three times as traced by researcher. Al-'Alīm, the All-Knower, which refers to El-'elim, 'knowledge. Al-'Alīm is the one whose knowledge encompasses everything. This study is comparative as it compared the ST with the TT. On the other hand, it is descriptive on the base that it investigated the consistency of specific translations. The researcher built a corpus then analysed the data quantitatively and qualitatively. The study proved that one translation only was absolutely consistent, but the other two showed less consistency.
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Loogus, Terje. "Culture-related decision conflicts in the translation process." Sign Systems Studies 40, no. 3/4 (December 1, 2012): 369–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2012.3-4.06.
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Translators as members of a certain culture, generally that of the target culture, base their translation-relevant decisions on their own culture, while the decisions are motivated by the (alien) source culture. In the translation process, cultural differences may lead to various decision-making conflicts and the translator has to find a compromise between the author of the source text, the target recipient and finally, of course, the translator him/herself. In this article, proceeding from functionalist approaches to translation, the discussion focuses on the decision conflicts related to translating culturespecific elements. Culture-related decision conflicts, as considered here, refer to the translator's inner indecision with reference to his/her goals, interests, values, beliefs, methodological approach, or any consequences thereof, attributable to the different cultural embeddings of the source text and the target text. In general, decision conflicts are perceived as subjective translation problems. The translator has to be able to constantly act between separate perspectives, continuously see things from different viewpoints. The conflicts arise when the translator attempts to bring together two incongruent cultures without prejudice to any of the parties involved in the process. Acting within the interface of two different cultures, bearing in mind the interests of several participants, is what makes translation-relevant decisions a highly complex matter.
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Silva, Carlos Eduardo, and Lincoln Fernandes. "Apresentando o copa-trad versão 2.0 um sistema com base em corpus paralelo para pesquisa, ensino e prática da tradução." Ilha do Desterro A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English and Cultural Studies 73, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 297–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2020v73n1p297.
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This paper describes COPA-TRAD Version 2.0, a parallel corpus-based system developed at the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) for translation research, teaching and practice. COPA-TRAD enables the user to investigate the practices of professional translators by identifying translational patterns related to a particular element or linguistic pattern. In addition, the system allows for the comparison between human translation and automatic translation provided by three well-known machine translation systems available on the Internet (Google Translate, Microsoft Translator and Yandex). Currently, COPA-TRAD incorporates five subcorpora (Children's Literature, Literary Texts, Meta-Discourse in Translation, Subtitles and Legal Texts) and provides the following tools: parallel concordancer, monolingual concordancer, wordlist and a DIY Tool that enables the user to create his own parallel disposable corpus. The system also provides a POS-tagging tool interface to analyze and classify the parts of speech of a text.
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Wang, Zheng. "Online Information Database - A Useful Tool in Terminology Translation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 1171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.1171.
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Translation or translating is a communicative activity or dynamic process in which the translator makes great effort to thoroughly comprehend a written message or text in the source language and works very hard to achieve an adequate or an almost identical reproduction in the target language version of the written source language message or text. The role of the knowledge base is essential in both comprehension and reformulation. The extent of knowledge acquisitions in each translation depends on the degree to which the translators knowledge base provides the information or knowledge required to deal with the source-language text. Terminology is where most practical problems lie in technical and scientific translation. Generally speaking, translators knowledge base in terminology is inadequate in comprehension and reformulation of terminology. So knowledge acquisition plays an important role in both the comprehension phase and the reformulation phase. This paper mainly explores significant role of information database as a knowledge acquisition tool in terminology translation, one of the most commonly encountered difficulties during technical translation and meanwhile offers useful suggestions of how to use information database and its search result to refine terminology translation
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Martínez Sirés, Paula. "Defamiliarizing translations of children’s literature in Meiji Japan: a study of Wakamatsu Shizuko’s Wasuregatami." MonTI. Monografías de Traducción e Interpretación, no. 14 (April 28, 2022): 323–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/monti.2022.14.11.
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This paper will examine Wasuregatami (‘The Memento’, 1890), Wakamatsu Shizuko’s Japanese translation of Adelaide Anne Procter’s poem The Sailor Boy (1858). The poem is narrativized into the Japanese monogatari style and the culturemes are assimilated into the target-culture context of Japan in an apparently domesticating approach. Nevertheless, Wakamatsu Shizuko’s inclusion in the translation of original source-culture items and the implementation of the experimental colloquial genbun itchi (vernacular) literary style could also exemplify Venuti’s foreignizing and “defamiliarizing” translation since it goes “beyond literalism to advocate an experimentalism” by using “registers, and styles already available in the translating language to create a discursive heterogeneity” (Venuti 2000: 341). This paper will contend that the style used in Wasuregatami was the cornerstone on which Shizuko would base her later, more acclaimed translations of children’s literature into Japanese.
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Badr Hassan, Hassan, and Karim Menacere. "Demystifying Phraseology: Implications for Translating Quranic Phraseological Units." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.1p.28.
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This paper examines phraseology as a lexical feature from a Quranic perspective. It explores the importance of demystifying the phraseological theoretical base in order to facilitate the task of translators and second language learners and deal more efficiently with the challenging language aspects of phraseology. Despite prolific publications and the growing interest that research on phraseology generates, too many grey areas still prevail, and many questions remain unanswered. There is a degree of inconsistency and stalemate in the phraseology debate, often yielding fragmented literature and inconclusive evidence. Research on phraseology remains stuck at the level of description and prescription. Similarly, research on translation studies seldom moves beyond comparative analysis of language pairs, examining cross linguistic and cultural differences. The literature does not have a strong theoretical base and is largely anecdotal, lacking empirical data from which to draw clear-cut conclusions on the key issues of translating phraseology. This paper focuses on five selected English translations of the Quran to assess the degree of faithfulness and accuracy in rendering the Quranic phraseology into English. Findings suggested that the five selected translators of the Quran fell short of checking exegesis of the Quranic text. The findings revealed that translations of the Quranic phraseological units gave an echo at best. Results showed the literal translation method was frequently used for translating phraseology; however, this often led to inaccurate and stilted English. The findings suggest that the translation of the Quran in English is still a work in progress, and it needs to be periodically evaluated and updated to address the flaws identified by researchers from different perspectives. Findings are polarised between those who advocate as close a rendering of the Quranic text as possible and those who believe in a ‘natural style’ in the target text. This study is pertinent because it has several practical implications. Firstly, it will benefit translators of the Quran by providing fresh insights on how to deal with some of the challenges of translating Quranic phraseology. Secondly, it will provide a platform for further research on translating Quranic phraseological units and addressing the current shortcomings. This study has also expanded the extant literature on translating Quranic collocations to benefit future researchers.
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Blamires, David. "Grimms Fairy Tales in English: A Forgotten Edition." Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 89, no. 2 (March 2013): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/bjrl.89.2.1.
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This article discusses the English translations of twelve of Grimms’ fairy tales included in the hitherto forgotten edition published by Darton and Co. in 1851. The titles and tales are identified with their German originals, and the defects of the translation are examined. The German base text was one of the Grimm editions published between 1837 and 1850. Other items not by the Grimms in the edition are commented on. Identification of the tale entitled ‘Sycorine and Argilas’ is unknown. The anonymous translator was inexperienced, without access to a reliable dictionary, and was, probably, female.
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Malik, Muhammad Ibrahim, and Muhammad Bilal. "براہوئی ادب ٹی فارسی آن مٹ و بدل: عبد الخالق ابابکی نا کاریم." Al-Burz 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 156–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54781/abz.v9i1.93.
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There have been effects of Persian language on Brahui language and literature like the other languages of subcontinent. Due to being state language, all kinds of orders, religious decisions and documents were written in Persian. In orders to explain these things to Brahuis, there has been need of translation from the very first day. The thoughts of a language can be transferred into the other language through translation which causes the language develop. Therefore, we can find that the old and available books of Brahui to have been translated from Persian like Tofat-ul-ajaib etc. This series continued till establishment of Pakistan, later it grew quiet lesser. However, scholars, now-a-days, are also translating curriculum books of madressas into Brahui, one of these translators is also Maulvi Abdul Khalique Ababaki who has done poetic and prosed / versified Brahui translation of about a dozens of Persian books, out of which Bagh-e-Brahui, Panth Nama, Ramuzath-e-Ishq, Manajath-e-Allama Roomi and Aadenk are very famous. The above mentioned scholar had thorough mastery over all the rules and regulations of translating. Moreover, he himself was an experienced teacher, poet and translator of Brahui and Persian language. That's why his translation, among Persian translation, in Brahui literature, holds immense importance. Some of his translation is still unprinted which includes Waslet Nama, Wahdat Nama and Phul-e-Brahui.
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Bascom, Robert A. "Bases and Models Revisited: The Importance of Using Different Types of Reference Translations." Bible Translator 68, no. 1 (April 2017): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051677016687619.
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In a 1979 article in The Bible Translator, Harold Fehderau developed a basic theoretical outline for what subsequently became common practice in many Bible translation projects—consulting both a formal “base” translation and a functional “model” translation in the language(s) of wider communication in the region. The starting point for this approach is the fact that most translation projects worldwide did not (and still do not) work directly with the source languages, but rather work(ed) with the biblical text by way of a single intermediate translation in the language(s) of wider communication within the local context. The clear advantage of this practice is that translators will by definition be translating from the text they are best able to understand, which presumably gives them the best chance to represent the original text well. But there are pitfalls to this method, some of which Fehderau alluded to in his article. One such pitfall will now be examined, from a consultant visit to the Tojolabal translation project being carried out in southern Mexico.
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Meshcheryakova, Sofya Dmitrievna. "Comparative linguistic analysis of translations of Chinese fairy tales." Филология: научные исследования, no. 7 (July 2022): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2022.7.35329.
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The study conducted a comparative linguistic analysis of the originals of Chinese fairy tales and their translations into Russian (a prerequisite was the presence of at least two interpretations of each fairy tale selected for analysis). The translations were compared not only with the original texts, but also with each other, in order to establish the strategies of translation activities and the methods of translation transformations used. The source base of the study was a collection of Chinese fairy tales by the famous Russian sinologist Boris Lvovich Riftin and a similar collection of fairy tales "Fairy Tales of the Middle Kingdom", translated and prepared for publication by the Seventh Book editorial office in 2012. Two strategies have been identified: forenization and domestication, as well as methods of generalization, addition, omission, transcription, compensation, and sentence division. It is established that in a number of cases translators changed or missed Chinese cultural symbols, a possible explanation for this phenomenon is proposed: poetization, modernization of meanings, emotionally expressive allocation of any significant element (emphase). In practice, it has been established how the era in which the translator lives and the culture leave an imprint on the translations of ancient foreign-language texts. The linguistic analysis of Chinese phraseological units found in fairy tales and their Russian-language analogues or semantic substitutions is carried out. It is analyzed how and why morally indifferent Chinese fairy tales were interpreted in the logic of the victory of good over evil. The results obtained can be used in the course of teaching the disciplines "Written translation (Chinese)", "Poetic translation of Chinese texts", as well as in research activities.
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Yong-jun, Dai, and Piao Jing-feng. "The importance of political identification in translation publication." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 60, no. 1 (November 24, 2014): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.60.1.02dai.
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Political identification has been generally ignored in Translation Studies, though the correlation of politics and translation has been an interest to many scholars since the late half of last century. An examination of the influence of political identification on translation of the Soviet laws in China in three periods (1917–1927, 1927–1949, and 1950s), offers a model of incorporating political identification in Translation Studies in general and in Pym's ethics of interculturality in particular. During the period of National Democratic Revolution (1917–1927), Sun Yat-sen's determination of learning from the Soviet Union brings the chance to start over and makes a beginning of translating the Soviet laws in China; the period of Revolutionary Base Areas (1927–1949) sees a large number of the Soviet laws translated and introduced in China due to the influence of the Soviet Union to the CPC and the latter's aspiration to apply the spirit of the Soviet systems in their practice; the years after the founding of PRC in 1950s witnesses a large-scale translation of the Soviet laws in China because of the new China's foreign policy of "leaning to one side" advanced by Chairman Mao Tse-tung. The analysis of the relationship between China's political identification with the old Soviet bloc and the number of published translations of the Soviet laws in China suggests a possible structural correlation: high political identification will generally result in an increase in the number of published translations in other cultures. This point of view is ignored by so many translation scholars, thus, a blind area, a lacuna, in Translation Studies. Hopefully this paper will serve as an initial step in focusing attention on this important issue, or, make more people interested in it. Of course, the link between these factors needs to be confirmed by studies of other countries.
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Moore, Susan, and Olivier Polge. "Interpreting the un-expected: Oral realization and translation." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 60, no. 2 (July 2015): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100026074.
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AbstractThe study explores the expression of the unexpected by English adjectives and participles prefixed in un- in The Picture of Dorian Gray. The study compares their oral realizations and translations in connection with the various modes of construction of otherness, which can either be a dual opposition between the expected and effective values, with participles and some adjectives, or a gradient between the two values with adjectives. In the case of dual opposition, ungradable adjectives tend to be translated using positive adjectives and there is clear acoustic prominence on the prefix, as in the case of special focus. “Constructed negation” in translation is illustrated by sans + (aucun) NOUN or the suffix -able, and corresponds to greater duration of the prefix. In other cases, the base is acoustically prominent, but translation techniques vary, although four techniques account for 80% of the entries, even if translator styles differ considerably.
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Canfora, Carmen, and Angelika Ottmann. "Of ostriches, pyramids, and Swiss cheese." Translation Spaces 7, no. 2 (November 28, 2018): 167–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.18002.can.
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Abstract Risk management for translations is a relatively new topic in translation science. Damages caused by translation errors can have grave consequences for all agents involved in the translation process, especially in safety-critical sectors. In these sectors, effective models and instruments for risk mitigation have long been established, with near-misses management being one of the most effective instruments. In this paper, we examine the structure of damages caused by translation errors and compare them to the structure of damages in safety-critical sectors in general. We find that damages caused by translation errors in safety-critical sectors are comparable to damages in safety-critical sectors in general and conclude that near-misses management methods can also be applied to translations. Further examination of damages caused by translation errors is necessary to broaden the empirical base.
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Fakhrutdinova, Liliya I., and Venera R. Amineva. "Translation as a Form of Cross-Literary Dialogue (On the Material of the Translation of A. Yeniki’s Novel “Unvoiced Will” by S. Khozina)." Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 17, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2020-17-1-45-58.
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The Russian reader, who doesn’t know tatar language, can get to know A. Yeniki’s works only through their translated versions, that is why we need to analyze structural features of and the content of the translated texts in the aspect of cross-literary communication and dialogue. Jenre-stylistic transformations of the authentic work in the translated texts are revealed on the base of their comparative analysis. The base is his view on the translation as a form of the dialogue of cultures, reflecting interaction not only various national languages, but artistic models of the world as well. It is stated that, S. Khozinaresorts to the nazira genre in her translation of the “Unspoken will”. The main directions in which the cooperation of the translator and the author of the work is carried out are revealed: depiction of the inner world of the character is changed; the lyrical orientation of the narrative is enhanced; philosophical subtext of the told story is actualized, incriminating tendency deepens. The results obtained can be used in the solution of current problems of intercultural communication and the dialogue, in the preparation of the comments to translations of A. Yeniki’s works for the Russian reader.
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Reimondez, Maria. "Handmaidens to Translators versus Feminist Solidarity – Opposing Politics of Translation in the Galician Literary System." TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 7, no. 1 (June 15, 2015): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/t9v04j.
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Lori Chamberlain’s eye-opening article “Gender and the Metaphorics of Translation”, originally published in 1988, first described translators in general as “handmaidens to authors”. This fruitful analysis helped open up interesting avenues for feminist translation. On the one hand, it highlighted the need for a reformulation of the actual theoretical concepts underlying traditional translation theory; while on the other, it opened up questions regarding the status of women translators in practice. However, further studies have questioned this idea of the translator as female and inferior. For example, postcolonial approaches have shown that Western translators have usually exercised their power to interpret the Other in ways that were complicit with colonial endeavours. It is in this framework that this article explores the power implications of translation for the Galician literary system. The Galician literary system may be interesting as it can be seen as a non-hegemonic system (inside Europe) or a hegemonic one (outside Europe). The analysis of two translations, that of Jean Rhys’ Wide Sargasso Sea by Manuel Forcadela, and that of Sandra Cisneros’ Loose Woman by Marilar Aleixandre shall explore two opposing trends. The first one is a trend in which the discourse of the non-hegemonic position of Galician actually allows for patriarchal and colonial interventions in translation, while the other one takes feminist solidarity as a base for a relationship with the female postcolonial Other.
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Widiastuti, Ni Made Ayu, and Ketut Santi Indriani. "The The Lexical Equivalence in the Translation of the English Noun ‘Love’ into Indonesian." Humanis 27, no. 1 (February 24, 2023): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jh.2023.v27.i01.p02.
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This study aims at finding out the translation variations as the lexical equivalences of the English noun ‘love’ into Indonesian, and analyzing the translation shifts. The data were taken from the parallel corpus containing the English expressions with the noun ‘love’ and their translations. The data were collected through the documentation method and analyzed qualitatively. The results show that the translations of the English noun ‘love’ are varied with 21 lexicons. The translations are categorized into three types, those that are translated into the base words, the affixed words, and the phrases. Besides that, there are also zero translation and borrowing terms used. The TL noun ‘cinta’ is found at 72.2% and it is indeed equivalent with the SL noun ‘love’. The other variations are the synonyms and related lexicons used based on the certain contexts. Two kinds of shifts namely class and unit shifts are found in the translations.
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Bi, Shengqin. "Intelligent system for English translation using automated knowledge base." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, no. 4 (October 21, 2020): 5057–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-179991.
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In the process of globalization, machine translation has undergone a long period of evolution and development. Although the development level of machine translation has been greatly improved, the quality of machine translation is still not very high, and it is difficult to meet the needs of users. Artificial intelligence is the science that studies the laws of human intelligent activity. The application of artificial intelligence technology in the English depression and depression, combined with the Internet and intelligent knowledge base, can develop English translation systems to solve the problem of English translation to a certain extent. Based on the above background, the research content of this article is a neural network-based artificial intelligence technology English translation system based on the intelligent knowledge base. This article is mainly based on the existing English-Chinese machine translation to find a more favorable method for English long sentence translation. By improving part-of-speech tagging and rules, the rules can match more sentence patterns to improve the quality of existing machine translations. This paper proposes an improved hybrid recommendation algorithm, and through experimental simulation, the results show that the accuracy of the algorithm is not very high. The highest is 35.64%. The possible reason may be that the k value is selected during k-means text clustering, or the N value recommended by TopN is not selected properly, but the hybrid recommendation is still better than ordinary collaborative filtering.
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Siregar, Masitowarni, T. Silvana Sinar, Amrin Saragih, and Syahron Lubis. "Need Analysis for Developing Translation’s Textbook base on TEFL Pedagogical Purpose in Indonesia: English Teachers’ Perspectives." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.3p.81.
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The purpose of this study was to find out the Prospective English teachers’ perspective on the development of translation’s textbook base on Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) Pedagogical purpose. Therefore, the quantitative research was applied to gather the data. By using the questionnaire with Likert Scale, the quantitative data were collected from 100 prospective English teachers in Indonesia. As a result, from nine aspects questioned to the prospective English teachers, most of them (92%) said that the translation’s textbook base on TEFL Pedagogical purpose was significantly needed. Therefore, the English Education Study Program (EESP) in Indonesia should use translation for teaching English purpose not for professional career in translation. Therefore, Translation as a TEFL purpose model is the most suitable model to be applied in EESP in Indonesia.
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Budianto, Pauw. "A Comparative Study of Source Language Texts Used in the Indonesian Translations of Tao Te Ching." Lingua Cultura 13, no. 1 (May 9, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v13i1.5361.
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This research aimed to show the Indonesian translation of Tao Te Ching that commonly did not state clearly the source text used as translation base, although some translations put Chinese source text in its translation book. This research tried to use a comparative method to analyze the differences of source texts used in two versions of Indonesian translations of Tao Te Ching, i.e., Lika and Wang, and its impact to translation products, then compared those source texts used with five original versions of Tao Te Ching as base texts references. The results show that (1) the differences between the two source texts occur mainly in four aspects: punctuation marks, pauses, characters, text redundant, and loss. (2) Source texts used by these two Indonesian versions are very close to the most widespread original versions; He Shanggong and WangBi commentary versions, with some changes in some places. Lika source text is quite close to HeShanggong version, Wang source text is quite close to the Wang Bi version. Some intentional changes in source text occur in Lika.
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Chatterjee, Chandrani. "The ‘Translated’ Cityscape: A Study of Select Satyajit Ray Films." Translation Today 17, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.46623/tt/2023.17.1.ar4.
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The present paper attempts to examine the ‘translated’ nature of the cityscapes in Satyajit Ray’s films. With a select reading of films like ‘Mahanagar’ (lit. The Big City, 1963) and ‘Pratidwandi’ (The Adversary also called Siddhartha and the City, 1970), I argue for the ways in which the city becomes a space of contestation, debate, negotiation and translation between clashing ideologies of the old and the new, the rural and the urban, the ancient and the modern. Ray’s films have been studied from several perspectives, in terms of thematic, stylistic and ideological development. However, it seems to me that the city and its ‘translational’ aspect have not received enough attention. The present paper proposes to understand the role the city plays in Ray’s cinema. As an avant garde film maker, Ray’s cinema is replete with moments of conflicting ideologies, transitions and crossovers. It seems to me that the city provides the base for several such negotiations and intersections in Ray. Using certain recent developments in Translation Studies, I propose to read episodes in select Ray films as indicative of a larger ideological and cultural shift necessitated and made possible by/in the new space of the city. As a translating and translated space, the city’s agency enables other changes and transformations which would not have been possible in the absence of this primary actor – the city. The present paper is an attempt to look at several such moments of intersections and translations that Ray’s films make available to us. 1 An earlier version of this article was presented at the17th International MELOW Conference on ‘Space, Place and Language in Literatures of the World’, Dharamshala, 9-11th, March, 2018. I am grateful to the questions and discussion from the audience and conference participants which helped me rethink some ideas presented here.
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Ren, Shuping. "Networked Artificial Intelligence English Translation System Based on an Intelligent Knowledge Base and Translation Method Thereof." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (September 16, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5777679.
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Language translation is often conducted in work and study. Traditional language translation is based on lexical structure analysis. However, natural language is not so standardized, which causes this translation method to have fundamental defects, no matter how much the algorithm is improved. The translation results and human translation will be very different. This paper mainly studies the networked artificial intelligence. The English translation system and translation methods are based on a smart knowledge base. Bringing an example of English-Chinese translation to suggest translations according to the intelligent knowledge base explains in detail the principle of intelligent knowledge-based translation and the advantage of this translation method compared with the traditional translation method based on lexical structure analysis. In the experiment of this paper, when the variance is 2/N, 30/N, 100/N, and 2N, it is the experimental data for an in-depth study. When the variance is 2/N, 30/N, and 100/N, the result is the same as that when the variance is 0.5; the result when the variance is 2N also conforms to the trend in the tables, which is close to the effect of the smoothing algorithm, which verifies the effectiveness of the system in this paper.
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Kim, Ryonhee. "Use of Extralinguistic Knowledge in Translation." Meta 51, no. 2 (August 14, 2006): 284–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/013257ar.
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Abstract A competent translator seems to make extensive use of inferential strategies in the process of understanding a source text in translation. It also appears that extralinguistic knowledge plays an important role in this inference. However, it has not been determined how important it is relative to other components of translator competence and in what way it is important. This study investigated the use of extralinguistic knowledge in comprehension processes by analyzing data from L2->L1 translation, a questionnaire and a think-aloud study. Professional translators, translation students (or semi-professionals), and language learners participated in the study. Major (albeit tentative) findings are the following: (i) The use of extralinguistic knowledge that is most relevant for a specific translation problem makes the inferential process more concise and efficient and it leads to a higher-quality translation; (ii) “Translation effort” can compensate for overall lack of linguistic and extralinguistic competence in translation. It is suggested that a translator needs to have a broad base of specialized knowledge as well as world knowledge. Also, s/he should bear in mind that the greater the effort or involvement with the translation, the better the output.
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Monferrer-Sala, Juan Pedro. "An Early Fragmentary Christian Palestinian Rendition of the Gospels into Arabic from Mār Sābā (MS Vat. Ar. 13, 9th c.)." Intellectual History of the Islamicate World 1, no. 1-2 (2013): 69–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2212943x-20130105.
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Our aim in the present paper is to show that the translator of the oldest portions of the Gospels preserved in MS Vat. Ar. 13 used at least two texts, Greek and Syriac. Our analysis is based exclusively in the fragment represented by Matthew 11:1–19. According to our analysis of the translation strategies adopted by the Melkite translator the Greek text was used as the base text for the translation into Arabic. At the same time, the Syriac text/s was/were consulted for revising the previous translation made from Greek, a task which may have taken place during the very translation process. As we shall attempt to show in the present paper the revision made through Syriac text/s, together with the exegesis added by the translator, influenced the final Arabic version in some concrete parts of the texts.
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Li, Defeng. "Language Teaching in Translator Training." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 47, no. 4 (December 31, 2001): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.47.4.05li.
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Abstract In recent years there has been an increasing interest among translation scholars and practitioners alike in promoting translation professionalism and hence winning recognition for translation studies as an independent discipline. Many have convincingly and justly argued for the existence of a hardcore subject-matter knowledge for translation studies and have stressed the importance of this knowledge in the development of the students’ translational competence. Unfortunately, in this attempt, the importance of language competence and thus language training is unduly played down. This article examines this issue by looking at translator training in Hong Kong. It argues that the assumption of students L1 and L2 competence being adequate to study translation immediately upon entering translation programs is unfounded and might be at least partially responsible for students’ slow improvement in their translational compe-tence throughout the program. Key issues for strengthening language training for transla-tion students are also highlighted in this paper. Résumé Au cours des dernières années, il y a eu un intérêt accru parmi les professeurs de traduction et les traducteurs tendant à promouvoir le professionnalisme de la traduction, et donc obtenir la reconnaissance des études de traduction comme discipline indépendante. Avec conviction et raisonnablement, beaucoup ont présenté l’argument d’une connaissance approfondie dún domaine de base pour les études de traduction et ont souligné l’importance de cette connaissance dans le développement de la compétence traductionnelle des étudiants. Malheureusement, lors de cette tentative, l’importance de la compétence linguistique, et donc de la formation linguistique est minimisée à mauvais escient. Cet article examine cette question en étudiant la formation des traducteurs à Hong Kong. Son argument est que supposer une compétence suffisante des étudiants L1 et L2 pour étudier la traduction, dès leur entrée dans des programmes de traduction, n’est pas fondé et serait, au moins, partiellement responsable de la lenteur de leur progrès dans leur compétence translationnelle pendant leur programme dtudes. Les questions essentielles destinées à renforcer la formation linguistique pour les étudiants en traduction sont aussi soulignées dans cet article.
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Melberg, Arne. "Översättning och världslitteratur." Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54797/tfl.v40i1.11980.
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Translation and World Literature
In this text I discuss the relation between translations and »world literature«. I base my argument on some experiences of my own as a teacher and researcher, on two Norwegian dissertations on the problematics of translation, and on a sketch of the development of »world literature« including some speculation on the situation of »world literature« today and, perhaps, tomorrow.
I base this part on an essay by Susan Sontag: »The World as India«. Sontag is inspired by Walter Benjamin when she imagines translation to be like a »ferry« between separate shores of language and literature. A similar metaphor, used by Hans Georg Gadamer, equates translation to a »bridge«.
My argument is that these metaphors are already slightly antiquated: the world wide web means new conditions for translation and linguistic identity.
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Sutikno, Eka Ugi, Praksi Kurniawan, Onny Bisma Dwi Nugroho, Nina Alfah, Erien Rida Winarti, Vinanda Audria, and Kamelia -. "SOURCE AND TARGET LANGUAGE ORIENTED ON THE BICYCLE RIDER BY TOM W. SHAPCOTT ON SAPARDI DJOKO DAMONO’S TRANSLATION (A CASE STUDY)." Globish: An English-Indonesian Journal for English, Education, and Culture 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/globish.v11i1.5556.
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The cultural differences between English and Indonesian languages impact the language used if vice versa, translations should suffice. The translation is a result of the distinctions outlined. This article aims to analyze the source and target Language oriented on The Bicycle Rider by Tom W. Shapcott on Sapardi Djoko Damono’s Translation. This approach is structured based on the topic matter and the study’s primary purpose. Data collection, analysis, and research design are part of this study’s methodology. To analyze The Bicycle Rider by Tom W. Shapcott on Sapardi Djoko Damono’s translation, we use Newmark’s theory as the base thinking. In this translation, we found six free translation methods, five semantic translation methods, five literal translation methods, and two adaptation translation methods. The conclusion is that this translation has dominated by source language-oriented translation; meanwhile, it has some target language-oriented translation.
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Haldane, Victoria, Betty Peiyi Li, Shiliang Ge, Jason Zekun Huang, Hongyu Huang, Losang Sadutshang, Zhitong Zhang, Pande Pasang, Jun Hu, and Xiaolin Wei. "Exploring the translation process for multilingual implementation research studies: a collaborative autoethnography." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 5 (May 2022): e008674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008674.
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IntroductionIn an increasingly globalised and interconnected world, evidence to evaluate complex interventions may be generated in multiple languages. However, despite its influence in shaping the evidence base, there is little literature explicitly connecting the translation process to the goals and processes of implementation research. This study aims to explore the processes and experience of an international implementation research team conducting a process evaluation of a complex intervention in Tibet Autonomous Region, China.MethodsThis study uses a collaborative autoethnographic approach to explore the translation process from Chinese or Tibetan to English of key stakeholder interview transcripts. In this approach, multiple researchers and translators contributed their reflections, and conducted joint analysis through dialogue, reflection and with consideration of multiple perspectives. Seven researchers involved with the translation process contributed their perspectives through in-depth interviews or written reflections and jointly analysed the resulting data.ResultsWe describe the translation process, synthesise key challenges including developing a ‘voice’ and tone as a translator, conveying the depth of idioms across languages, and distance from the study context. We further offer lessons learnt including the importance of word banks with unified translations of words and phrases created iteratively during the translation process, the need to collaborate between translators and the introspective work necessary for translators to explore their positionality and reflexivity during the work. We then offer a summary of these learnings for other implementation research teams.ConclusionOur findings emphasise that in order to ensure rigour in their work, implementation research teams using qualitative data should make concerted effort to consider both the translation process as well as its outcomes. Given the numerous multinational or multilingual implementation research studies using qualitative methods, there is a need for further consideration and reflection on the translation process.
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Villar, Eduardo Guedes, Karina De Deá Róglio, and Natália Rese. "(Trans)Formative Trajectories of Decisions: An Analysis from The Translation Perspective." BASE - Revista de Administração e Contabilidade da Unisinos 17, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 361–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/base.2020.173.01.
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Motivated by an agenda for empirical research on decisions, we seek to understand how an issue or idea is labelled as a "decision". Based on the relational ontology, we used the Actor-Network Theory as a theoretical frame, and particularly the translation perspective. In order to understand the "process of formation and stabilization of decisions" focused on what makes actors act, we conducted an ethnographic study in a social enterprise for 30 months. Through narrative analysis, we propose the (trans)formative trajectories of decisions in which we describe the trajectory of these hybrid entities achieving the status of relative fixity labelled as "the decision". We understand the trajectory as an ongoing translation journey; thus, we tracked decisions in their trajectories of translation, packaging and legitimation. The elements of the organizational decision-making are re-signified as performative texts, which enter the network of relations. Therefore, decisions are (trans)formed on a journey of mediation among multiple actants. When objectified as crystallized texts, the decisions become performative, because they start to organize and participate in the constitution of the ongoing reality. This theoretical framework allowed us to extend the processual understanding of decision-making aligned with the relational ontology and the time-process perspective.
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Mulero, J. J., and T. D. Fox. "PET111 acts in the 5'-leader of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial COX2 mRNA to promote its translation." Genetics 133, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/133.3.509.
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Abstract PET111 is a yeast nuclear gene specifically required for the expression of the mitochondrial gene COX2, encoding cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (coxII). Previous studies have shown that PET111 activates translation of the COX2 mRNA. To map the site of PET111 action we have constructed, in vitro, genes coding for chimeric mRNAs, introduced them into mitochondria by transformation and studied their expression. Translation of a chimeric mRNA with the 612-base 5'-untranslated leader of the COX3 mRNA fused precisely to the structural gene for the coxII-precursor protein is independent of PET111, but does require a COX3 mRNA-specific translational activator known to work on the COX3 5'-leader. This result demonstrates that PET111 is not required for any post-translational step. Translation of a chimeric mRNA with the 54-base 5'-leader of the COX2 mRNA fused precisely to the structural gene for cytochrome c oxidase subunit III was dependent on PET111 activity. These results demonstrate that PET111 acts specifically at a site in the short COX2 5'-leader to activate translation of downstream coding sequences.
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Drößiger, H. "Dornröschen: Шиповничек или Спящая Красавица? Исследование перевода заглавий Часть 1 Теоретическое обоснование и лингвистические предпосылки для переводческого анализа (на английском языке)." Иностранные языки в высшей школе, no. 3(54) (December 18, 2020): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2020.54.3.004.
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Titles of texts within the framework of humanities including linguistics and translation studies are observed and described by looking at their obvious features: namely, their syntactic structure, morphological forms and vocabulary. This article seeks to discuss theoretical foundations of a paratextual element called title and preconditions of its analysis within translation studies. For this reason, a most important precondition for a translational analysis of titles is the linguistic description of titles because without a clear comprehension how titles are linguistically constructed, what intralinguistic and extralinguistic functions they might fulfil, all endeavors to understand techniques of title translation will fail. Groundbreaking papers by Gérard Genette and Kathryn Batchelor on paratexts, Christiane Nord, Harald Weinrich and Regina Bouchehri on title description and translation, will allow to set a reliable theoretical foundation to research into titles. As the headline of this article claims, linguistic and translational title description will be conducted in the form of an in-depth research into titles of the Grimms’ Fairy Tales (GFT) and their translation from German into English by considering all the 201 canonized titles of the GFT, which in a pre-step of the intended investigation are compiled in a bilingual data base and systematically prepared for being described by linguistic and translational categories. paratext, title, functions of titles, linguistics of titles, Grimms’ Fairy Tales (GFT) В статье рассматриваются проблемы перевода заглавий художественных текстов исходя из их синтаксической структуры, морфологических особенностей и лексической семантики. В статье исследуются теоретические обоснования заглавия как паратекстуального элемента текста и предпосылки к анализу заглавий в рамках теории перевода. В этом плане важнейшей предпосылкой переводческого анализа заголовков является их лингвистическое описание, ибо, чтобы принять решение о переводе заглавий, необходимо четко уяснить их лингвистическую структуру, понять, какие внутриязыковые и экстралингвистические функции они призваны осуществлять. Новаторские исследования паратекста Жерара Женетта и Кэтрин Бэчелор, а также работы Кристиан Норд, Харальда Вайнриха и Регины Бушери по описанию и переводу названий художественных произведений позволяют предложить надежное теоретическое обоснование для переводческого исследования. Нет необходимости упоминать об опоре на терминологию из области грамматики, семантики, синтаксиса, лексикологии и фонологии. Лингвистическое и переводческое описание заглавий проводится на материале всестороннего исследования заглавий сказок из книги «Сказки братьев Гримм (сокращение “GFT” означает “Grimms’ Fairy Tales”) в оригинале и переводе названий сказок с немецкого на английский язык. Рассматриваются все канонизированные названия (всего 201), которые на предварительном этапе исследования собраны в двуязычной базе данных для последующей систематизации по лингвистическим и переводческим критериям.
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Дзапарова, Е. Б. "AHMED TSALIKOV – TRANSLATOR OF POETRY K.L. KHETAGUROVA IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE (ACCORDING TO THE MATERIALS OF THE MAGAZINE "CAUCASIAN HIGHLANDER")." Kavkaz-forum, no. 7(14) (September 21, 2021): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46698/vnc.2021.14.7.010.
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В настоящем исследовании впервые рассмотрена статья известного осетинского публициста, писателя Ахмеда Тембулатовича Цаликова «Мотивы поэзии Коста», опубликованная в эмигрантском журнале «Кавказский горец». В публикации А. Цаликова, посвященной 18-летней годовщине со дня смерти К.Л. Хетагурова, представлен анализ магистральных стихотворений из сборника поэта «Ирон фæндыр»: «Додой», «Ракæс», «Ныфс», «Сидзæргæс» и др. Исследуя поэтическое творчество К.Л. Хетагурова, А. Цаликов обращается к русскоязычным переводам стихотворений, большинство из которых выполненных самим автором публикации. Буквальное переложение А. Цаликовым стихотворений К.Л. Хетагурова на русский язык не позволяло нам анализировать переводные тексты по канонам поэтического перевода. Стихотворения, лишенные формообразующих средств – ритма, рифмы, местами строфики, анализировались по уровню адекватной передачи общего смысла исходного текста, лексических средств с национально-культурным компонентом в основе, в их числе междометия, идиоматические выражения, по степени сохранения А. Цаликовым в единицах переводах прагматического потенциала. В ходе анализа данных произведений нами установлены основные переводческие принципы, доминирующие при передаче единиц с национально-культурной семантикой; выявлено, что А. Цаликов использует смысловую замену, дефразеологизацию, описательно-разъяснительный перевод, опущение (элиминацию). В некоторых русскоязычных переводах стихотворений К. Хетагурова переводчик старался сохранить синтаксический строй оригинала, есть попытка придать ритм, рифмовать окончания строк, для чего используется инверсия (стих.-е «Æнæ хай»). «Объяснение» смысла некоторых лексем вынуждало А. Цаликова прибегать к нарушению лаконичности единиц перевода. Переводы А. Цаликова, естественно, не являются образцами переводческого мастерства. Труд переводчика ценен своей попыткой познакомить иноязычного читателя с творчеством гения осетинской литературы. This study is the first to consider the article by the well-known Ossetian publicist, writer Akhmed Tembulatovich Tsalikov "Motives of Kosta's Poetry", published in the émigré magazine "Caucasian Highlander". In A. Tsalikov's publication dedicated to the 18th anniversary of the death of K.L. Khetagurov, an analysis of the main poems from the poetic collection "Iron fandyr" is presented: "Dodoy", "Rakæs", "Nyfs", "Sidzærgæs" and others. Analysing Khetagurov’s poetry A. Tsalikov refers to the Russian-language translations of the poems, most of which were made by the author of the publication himself. A. Tsalikov's literal arrangement of the poems by K.L. Khetagurova into Russian did not allow us to analyze translated texts according to the canons of poetic translation. Poems, devoid of formative means - rhythm, rhyme, sometimes stanza, were analyzed according to the level of adequate transmission of the general meaning of the original text, lexical means with a national-cultural component at the base, including interjections, idiomatic expressions, according to the degree of preservation by A. Tsalikov in translation units of the pragmatic potential. In the course of the analysis, we have established the basic translation principles that dominate in the transfer of units with national and cultural semantics; it was revealed that A. Tsalikov uses semantic substitution, defraseologization, descriptive and explanatory translation, omission (elimination). In some Russian-language translations of K. Khetagurov's poems, the translator tried to preserve the syntactic structure of the original, with the aim of giving rhythm, rhyme line endings, for which inversion is used. “Explaining” the meaning of some lexemes forced A. Tsalikov to resort to breaking the brevity of translation units. A. Tsalikov's translations, of course, are not examples of translation skills. The work of the translator is valuable for his attempt to acquaint a foreign language reader with the work of the genius of the Ossetian literature.
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Zhumabekova, Aigul. "Вербализация номадической культуры казахов в «Дневниках и письмах из путешествия по казахским степям» Адольфа Янушкевича: лингвопереводческие аспекты." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 13, no. 1 (June 27, 2022): 315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.7672.
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This research studies the forms of verbalization of Kazakh nomad’s culture (realias, toponyms and anthroponyms) in Polish language by Adolf Januszkiewicz, their translation into Russian and Kazakh, author's evaluation and commentary. The theoretical base of the research are the works on nomadology and linguistic translation. Translation model is described in relation to the texts that served as the material for the research. The causes of translation errors are revealed by comparing the original to the three translations using methods like continuous sampling, comparison, transformations, componential analysis, and reverse translation. It was found that, in Russian translation, errors are caused by the lack of knowledge of Kazakh linguistic culture and one-sidedness of the translation commentary, while in Kazakh translation, errors happened because of the intermediary translation due to language constraints, and the absence of scientific commentary.
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Yan, Li. "Real-Time Automatic Translation Algorithm for Chinese Subtitles in Media Playback Using Knowledge Base." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (June 18, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5245035.
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Currently, speech technology allows for simultaneous subtitling of live television programs using speech recognition and the respeaking approach. Although many previous studies on the quality of live subtitling utilizing voice recognition have been proposed, little attention has been paid to the quantitative elements of subtitles. Due to the high performance of neural machine translation (NMT), it has become the standard machine translation method. A data-driven translation approach requires high-quality, large-scale training data and powerful computing resources to achieve good performance. However, data-driven translation will face challenges when translating languages with limited resources. This paper’s research work focuses on how to integrate linguistic knowledge into the NMT model to improve the translation performance and quality of the NMT system. A method of integrating semantic concept information in the NMT system is proposed to address the problem of out-of-set words and low-frequency terms in the NMT system. This research also provides an NMT-centered read modeling and decoding approach integrating an external knowledge base. The experimental results show that the proposed strategy can effectively increase the MT system’s translation performance.
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AL-SADOON, Hadeel Salwan Sami. "THE STYLE OF THE SEPTUAGINT TRANSLATION OF THE OLD TESTAMENT AND THE NEW TESTAMENT ) LITERATURE, CRITICISM AND TRANSLATION AXIS)." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 03, no. 02 (February 1, 2021): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.2-3.12.
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The Hebrew Torah of the Old Testament, is the first text sacred Known by history. Is the Septuagint translation for the Hebrew text of the oldest and most important translation was adopted by the Bible and the Religious language that borrowed directly to the Christian religion rituals and services. Also it considered later the main base for important translations in the old era , and still even now occupies a role important in the field of monetary, interpretive and historical studies. The original Hebrew contain more than one book, the septuagenarian translation, separated between them and made each book stand on its own. Our research deals with the Historical introduction to the Septuagint translation , The language of the Septuagint translation , The Septuagint Style ,The most important manuscripts of the Septuagint translation.The content and status of the Septuagint to the Jews and Christ, Difference and similarity with the original Hebrew text of the Old Testament in terms of the order , number and names of the books and we Shedding light on the most important translations of the Bible from the beginning of the Septuagint to the present day.
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AL-JARF, Reima. "Issues in translating English and Arabic plurals." Journal of Linguistic and Intercultural Education 13 (December 1, 2020): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2020.13.1.
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This study explores undergraduate students’ difficulties in translating English and Arabic plurals. The results of an English and Arabic plural translation test exhibited cases where Arabic plurals matching those in English were translated correctly. However, the students had difficulty translating the following: (i) Arabic plurals with a singular English equivalent, e.g., مجوهرات /mujawharaat/ jewellery; (ii) Arabic duals with two different singular stems, e.g., الرافدان the Tigris and Euphrates; (iii) multiple Arabic plurals, i.e. plurals of paucity and multiplicity, e.g., دجاج /dajaaj/ chicken, دجاجات /dajaajaat/ a number of hens; (iv) stems with two plurals and different usages, e.g., economics اقتصاديات /iqtiṣadiyyaat/, economies اقتصادات /iqtiṣadaat/; (v) compound plurals, e.g., image processors معالجات الصور /muʕaalijaat aṣṣuwar/; (vi) English nouns ending in -ies that have the same singular and plural form, e.g., series, species; (vii) singular and plural forms of the same base when the base could assume two parts of speech, e.g., rich and riches; wood and woods; (viii) foreign/Latin singular and plural forms, e.g. ,indices, larvae, tempi, oases; and (ix) names of tools and articles of dress consisting of two parts ending in -s, e.g., scissors مقص /miqaṣ/, مقصات /miqaṣaat/, scales ميزان /mīzaan/ and موازين /mawazīn/ and more. Error data analysis showed that the subjects made more errors in translating Arabic plurals into English than in translating English plurals into Arabic, made more interlanguage than interlanguage errors, had more morphological than semantic difficulties on the Arabic-English plural translation test, and had more semantic difficulties on the English-Arabic plural translation test. They tended to translate imitatively rather than discriminately, and literal translation was the most common strategy. When they could not access the meaning of a noun on the test, they provided an equivalent that was phonologically close, or offered a paraphrase, an explanation, or an extraneous equivalent. In translating English and Arabic plurals, transfers were bidirectional, i.e., students transferred a noun’s morphological features from the source to the target language, regardless of whether the source language was Arabic (L1) or English (L2). Recommendations for plural translation instruction are provided.
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Wei, Xiangpeng, Yue Hu, Luxi Xing, Yipeng Wang, and Li Gao. "Translating with Bilingual Topic Knowledge for Neural Machine Translation." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 7257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33017257.
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The dominant neural machine translation (NMT) models that based on the encoder-decoder architecture have recently achieved the state-of-the-art performance. Traditionally, the NMT models only depend on the representations learned during training for mapping a source sentence into the target domain. However, the learned representations often suffer from implicit and inadequately informed properties. In this paper, we propose a novel bilingual topic enhanced NMT (BLTNMT) model to improve translation performance by incorporating bilingual topic knowledge into NMT. Specifically, the bilingual topic knowledge is included into the hidden states of both encoder and decoder, as well as the attention mechanism. With this new setting, the proposed BLT-NMT has access to the background knowledge implied in bilingual topics which is beyond the sequential context, and enables the attention mechanism to attend to topic-level attentions for generating accurate target words during translation. Experimental results show that the proposed model consistently outperforms the traditional RNNsearch and the previous topic-informed NMT on Chinese-English and EnglishGerman translation tasks. We also introduce the bilingual topic knowledge into the newly emerged Transformer base model on English-German translation and achieve a notable improvement.
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Chen, Ziming, Wen-ao Cao, Huafeng Ding, and Zhen Huang. "Continuous motion of a novel 3-CRC symmetrical parallel mechanism." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 3 (September 16, 2015): 392–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215602282.
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Parallel mechanisms (PMs) with three degrees of freedom (DOFs) have been studied extensively, especially the PMs with two rotational and one translational DOFs (2R1T PMs). One major problem of the 2R1T PMs is the inherent parasitic motion. In this paper, a novel 2R1T symmetrical parallel mechanism with no parasitic motion is proposed and studied. The moving platform and the base of this mechanism are mirror symmetric with respect to a mid-plane. This moving platform can realize continuous rotation about any axis or any point on the mid-plane and can have continuous translation along the normal line of the mid-plane. The constraint and motion characteristics of this mechanism are analyzed. The kinematics solutions and the Jacobian matrix are derived. The singularities of this PM are discussed. In the end, several numerical examples are given to show the continuous rotations and continuous translations of this PM. This kind of PMs has outstanding advantages of easy path planning and controlling.
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Wu, Qing. "Interaction Between Language and the Mind Through Translation: A Perspective from Profile/Base Organization." Meta 47, no. 4 (August 30, 2004): 532–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/008035ar.
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Abstract Profile/base organization in cognitive linguistics emphasizes a hierarchy of salience imposed on construal by usage events of some concept. Shift in terms of profile/base alignment is highly likely to occur in a cross-linguistic/cultural context. Granted two definitive features of translation, i.e., accountability of a TT to the ST’s textually-grounded intention, unless the TT has an otherwise stated intention, and systematicity attained within the TT itself, whether the shift(s) in a translation are explainable and how fall within our concern. This paper has examined the profile/base organization in two Chinese translations of the opening paragraph of William Faulkner’s The Sound and The Fury, and attempted to locate the factors to account for the textual realization in the TTs as such.
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Fadhliati, Fadhliati. "Designing a Website Based Aceh Translation Application Using Rule-Based." International Journal Education and Computer Studies (IJECS) 1, no. 1 (May 3, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35870/ijecs.v1i1.330.
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Language is a means of communication between community members in the form of sound symbols produced by human speech tools, language is also a means of self-expression as well as a tool to show self-identity. With the very rapid development of technology, especially in the field of information technology, the problems previously described can be overcome by building a web-based text to Aceh language translator system. Research on the translation system uses three main approaches, namely a rule-based, statistical and example-based approach. The method used consists of 2 (two), namely the system development method with the waterfall method and the rule base method for parsing the dictionary data. Based on the results of the analysis and design of the Aceh language translator application, it can be seen that; The design of an Acehnese translator application can provide convenience in carrying out the process of translating Acehnese into Indonesia and vice versa, and the rule-based method is used to anticipate the limited number of words contained in the database, which are Indonesian words that have similarities in Acehnese made in a certain pattern of rules. The rule-based used in this application is the change rule in the front syllable, back syllable, middle syllable, and their combinations.
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Basalamah, Salah. "Translating (political) religious and secularist worldviews in a post-secular age." Translation in Society 1, no. 1 (December 16, 2021): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tris.21012.bas.
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Abstract Inspired by the works of François Burgat, Jürgen Habermas and Jean-Marc Ferry, this paper addresses the notions of the religious, the political, the radical/extreme, the conservative, the secular and the social as the objects of an extended conception of translation that defines translation as a mode of intercomprehension between competing or adversary groups within a single or among diverse societies. Shifting focus away from textual manipulations, it conceives of translation as a form of active engagement in social and discursive negotiations and explores translation as it brings about change in the dynamics of intergroup and intercultural relations.
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Thomas, Kenneth J. "Whom Do We Trust to Translate? An Early Eighteenth-Century Muslim Translation of the Gospels into Persian." Bible Translator 69, no. 2 (August 2018): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051677018783540.
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Seventeenth-century Muslim scholar Khatun Abadi, commissioned by his shah, was the first native speaker to translate the Gospels into Persian. The goal was an accurate rendition, accompanied by notes intended to address contradictions and false claims of Christians. The translation was completed in 1703 but first published in 1995, in Iran. Understanding translation to be an act of interpretation, this study asks if we can trust a translation made by someone who does not accept the interpretation of the community that calls the text scripture. Based on analysis of translator notes, translation deviations from its Arabic base text, and the choice of key terms, the study concludes that the translator maintained the text’s integrity with few exceptions but that his notes are problematic from the perspective of the Christian community. Lessons are suggested for Christian translators who work with persons of other faiths or prepare renditions to be used by them.