Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bases de données atmosphérique'
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Wu, Yue. "Détermination spectroscopique automatique de paramètres atmosphériques stellaires." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10116.
Full textGalactic studies require large samples of stars with known mass, age, abundance, spatial velocity and distance etc. Spectroscopic observations allow ones to measure some of these parameters and to derive the others. The need for statistically representative samples motivated the construction of instruments and the realization of large surveys like SDSS, LAMOST and GAIA... These projects bring an enormous quantity of data that the traditional interactive spectral analysis methods cannot handle. This triggered efforts to design automatic methods. My work started in this context, and the goals were to develop and test an automatic method and to apply it to medium resolution stellar spectra. The thesis contains four sections: 1. The ULySS package, and in particular its application to the determination of the atmospheric parameters of stars is presented. 2. We used ULySS to determine the atmospheric parameters of the 1273 stars of the CFLIB library. 3. We applied the same method on LAMOST commissioning observations and we prepared stellar spectral templates for the future surveys. 4. We searched new metal-poor (hearafter MP) stellar candidates from LAMOST commissioning observations. The result of these MP star candidates is a prelude to the feasibility of LAMOST's capability on searching and enlarging the sample of MP stars in the Milky Way
Provençal, Simon, and Simon Provençal. "Évaluation et application de MERRAero, une réanalyse des aérosols atmosphériques développée par la NASA." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27860.
Full textLa Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application (MERRA) est une réanalyse développée par le Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) à la National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) aux États-Unis qui intègre des données observées et des données modélisées pour reproduire une base de données complète dans le temps et l'espace de plusieurs variables atmosphériques (température, vitesse et direction du vent, humidité, pressions, etc.) depuis 1979. Afin de reproduire une analyse intégrée du système terrestre, le GMAO effectue d'autres réanalyses en parallèle : une réanalyse des océans (MERRAOcean), une réanalyse de la surface solide de la Terre (MERRALand) et une réanalyse de la composition de l'atmosphère (MERRAero), cette dernière constituant le sujet central de cette thèse. La 1ère version de MERRAero intègre des données de la profondeur optique des aérosols (AOD) mesurée par MODIS-Terra et MODIS-Aqua, en orbite autour de la Terre depuis 2000 et 2002 respectivement, et les données d'un modèle de chimie atmosphérique qui simule la concentration de cinq espèces dominantes d'aérosols, soit les particules de sulfate, de carbone organique, de carbone noir, de poussière et de sel de mer. La réanalyse reproduit donc la concentration de ces cinq espèces d'aérosols partout sur la Terre, avec une résolution de 0,5º de latitude, 0,625º de longitude et 72 niveaux en altitude, à une fréquence horaire, en plus de leur contribution individuelle à l'AOD totale. Une reconstruction peut ensuite être appliquée pour obtenir la concentration totale des matières particulaires, un contaminant couramment pris en compte pour évaluer la qualité de l'air. MERRAero constitue une avancée importante dans l'étude de la composition atmosphérique à l'échelle globale. Elle met à la disposition de la communauté scientifique un outil novateur qui lui permet d'étudier une vaste gamme de problèmes liées à la pollution atmosphérique qu'aucun réseau de surveillance ne peut accomplir, particulièrement dans les régions dépourvues de toute surveillance fiable. MERRAero doit cependant traverser un processus d'évaluation rigoureux avant d'être jugée apte à accomplir ses fonctions. Certaines de ses capacités ont déjà été évaluées à certains endroits, notamment sa simulation de l'AOD au-dessus de certaines régions du monde et sa simulation de la concentration des oxydes de soufre aux États-Unis. L'objectif de cette thèse est de poursuivre les travaux d'évaluation avec une emphase sur la concentration des différentes espèces d'aérosols simulées à la surface par MERRAero dans plusieurs régions du monde. Une fois que l'évaluation ait été jugée favorable, MERRAero a ensuite été appliquée à une étude sur la pollution urbaine de l'air à l'échelle globale. La concentration de plusieurs espèces d'aérosols simulée par MERRAero à la surface depuis 2003 a été comparée à des données d'observations provenant de différents réseaux de surveillance autour du monde : le Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) aux États-Unis, le European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) en Europe, celui du Ministère de la protection environnementale en Israël et celui de l'Administration de la protection environnementale à Taïwan. Plusieurs indicateurs statistiques ont été calculés, et des analyses spatiales et temporelles ont été effectuées pour évaluer l'exactitude de MERRAero, identifier ses lacunes importantes et formuler des recommandations pour améliorer ses versions subséquentes. L'évaluation aux É.-U. et en Europe en milieu rural a démontré que MERRAero reproduit bien la concentration des particules de sulfate et de carbone d'origine anthropique. La concentration des particules de carbone d'origine naturelle, provenant notamment des feux de forêt, a cependant été largement surestimée, causant ainsi un biais important en été. MERRAero a surestimé aussi la concentration des particules de sable de sources lointaines, telles que le Sahara et les déserts en l'Asie de l'Est qui affectent légèrement la composition des aérosols aux É.-U. L'évaluation a reproduit des résultats favorables en milieu urbain malgré la résolution de MERRAero qui ne capture pas toutes les sources d'aérosols, causant ainsi des fluctuations saisonnières non conformes aux observations. L'évaluation a reproduit des résultats très favorables en Israël. Sa proximité au Sahara et aux déserts du Moyen-Orient suggère que MERRAero simule très bien la concentration des particules de sable d'origine locale. À Taïwan, MERRAero a reproduit la concentration des aérosols généralement bien à l'exception des mois d'hiver, lorsque Taïwan est le plus affecté par l'advection de pollution d'origine chinoise.
Malgré les lacunes identifiées, dans l'ensemble, l'évaluation a reproduit des résultats jugés suffisamment favorables pour que MERRAero soit appliquée dans une multitude de problématiques, notamment à l'étude de la pollution urbaine de l'air à l'échelle globale. Cette analyse a démontré l'impact que les politiques environnementales et la récession économique des dernières années ont eu sur la pollution atmosphérique des villes d'Amérique du Nord, d'Europe et d'Asie de l'Est. Même l'air des villes chinoises, lesquelles sont aux prises avec de sérieux problèmes de pollution depuis plusieurs années, s'est amélioré grâce à une initiative du gouvernement à réduire les émissions de contaminants atmosphériques. Les villes de l'Inde et du Bangladesh sont les seules à avoir vu leur situation se détériorer, due à une forte urbanisation et industrialisation. La qualité de l'air des villes d'Amérique du Sud et d'Afrique subsaharienne s'est aussi améliorée par un ralentissement des activités de déforestation au cours des dix dernières années, particulièrement dans la forêt amazonienne.
Malgré les lacunes identifiées, dans l'ensemble, l'évaluation a reproduit des résultats jugés suffisamment favorables pour que MERRAero soit appliquée dans une multitude de problématiques, notamment à l'étude de la pollution urbaine de l'air à l'échelle globale. Cette analyse a démontré l'impact que les politiques environnementales et la récession économique des dernières années ont eu sur la pollution atmosphérique des villes d'Amérique du Nord, d'Europe et d'Asie de l'Est. Même l'air des villes chinoises, lesquelles sont aux prises avec de sérieux problèmes de pollution depuis plusieurs années, s'est amélioré grâce à une initiative du gouvernement à réduire les émissions de contaminants atmosphériques. Les villes de l'Inde et du Bangladesh sont les seules à avoir vu leur situation se détériorer, due à une forte urbanisation et industrialisation. La qualité de l'air des villes d'Amérique du Sud et d'Afrique subsaharienne s'est aussi améliorée par un ralentissement des activités de déforestation au cours des dix dernières années, particulièrement dans la forêt amazonienne.
Oudot, Charlotte. "Spectroscopie de la vapeur d'eau par Transformation de Fourier. Application aux régions d'intérêt atmosphérique." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS035/document.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscript concern the knowledge of our atmosphere. In fact, the analysis of atmospheric spectra needs a good understanding of atmospheric molecular species. In particular the water vapor plays a special role as the first absorbent of earth's atmosphere. Spectra were recorded by Fourier transform spectrometer designed in the laboratory and lines parameters fitted with multi-spectra procedure named MultiFiT. The spectroscopic studies focus on lines intensity measurements for two different spectral ranges. The first presented is 10 µm, were two studies have been done. For the H216O isotopologue in the 1200 – 1400 cm-1 range, 300 transitions were measured and compared with literature data. The aim of this work was to determine the best spectroscopic database for IASI recording analysis. In 1000 to 2300 cm-1, H218O and HD18O isotopologue were measured with enriched 18O spectra. Over 2500 transitions were measured and assigned. Also this manuscript presents a huge work done in the 1.25µm region. This range appears in database with an important discrepancy for line intensities. 39 spectra were recorded with water vapor sample in natural abundance. Over 11000 transitions were measured and assigned, comparison to literature data are also presented. A part of this work were published in 2010 and used by L.Tallis, form University of Reading, for atmospheric application. At the end of this manuscript is presented the first comparisons with calculated data done for self broadening coefficients in the 1.25µm region
François, Stéphanie. "Etude du comportement atmosphérique des hydroperoxydes et des composés carbonylés : développement instrumental et études de terrain." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11015.
Full textLemasson, Loïc. "Vents et tempêtes sur le littoral de l'ouest de la France : variabilité, variation et conséquences morphologiques." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20040.
Full text@Beyond an energetic interest wind must be studied as a climatologic factor. Even if it has a less impact as temperatures and rainfalls have on mankind, his speed and direction reflect the meteorological conditions. The variability and variation of this factor indicate the atmospheric circulation and her modification. The results of analyses for long series of data (1951-1996) on the West coasts of France show some evolution of the wind speed, of the main direction, of the storm frequency and of the storm direction. During the same time the synoptic situations over this country have an evolution : we detect more cyclonic situation and new characteristics of those situations. Those two results aren't different from results of others studies on the same subject. Those evolution have some impacts on the shoreline. Since forty years, the shoreline retreats and this retreat accelerates since the middle of the seventies. This period corresponds with the main change in the wind climatology for the last forty years. Even if the main actor of the coastal retreat are human actions, we demonstrate that the wind and the wave climate are still major elements of coastal erosion
Babou, Yacine. "Transferts radiatifs dans les plasmas de mélanges CO2-N2 : base de données spectroscopiques, étude expérimentale et application aux rentrées atmosphériques." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112145.
Full textThe prediction of radiative transfers is required in many applications such as the re-entry of space vehicles in the atmosphere. The present work is articulated around three large axes devoted to the study of the radiation emitted from CO2-N2 plasmas for Martian atmospheric entry applications. The first part is dedicated to the construction of spectroscopic databases useful for high resolution radiation prediction of CO2-N2 mixtures for temperatures ranging from 2000 K to 50000 K. The work was especially focused on the construction of exhaustive data related to bound-bound radiative transitions of CO2, CO, CO+ and CN molecules. The second part is dedicated to the presentation and the exploitation of an experimental bench including a microwave plasma torch working at atmospheric pressure. Optical diagnostic benches for emission spectroscopy in the UV, visible and near infrared are used. Measured spectra for CO2 and CO2(97%)-N2(3%) plasmas, were analysed in order to characterise the thermodynamic state. The plasma was found at the equilibrium and the temperature of the CO2 and CO2(97%)-N2(3%) plasmas was found to be at 5400 K and 6500 K respectively. In the third part, a radiative properties model is developed suitable for the prediction of radiative in the framework of multi-temperature description of the thermodynamic state of the atmospheric entry plasma. This approach is combined with the available spectroscopic databases in order to predict radiative transfer for Mars and Earth atmospheric entry
Decooninck, Anne-Sophie. "Modélisation par objets de systèmes complexes dans le cadre d'applications scientifiques spatiales : introduction de la notion de version dans un modèle objet multivue." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT091H.
Full textPreiss, Nicolas. "Etude du 210Pb d'origine atmosphérique dans l'air, la neige, les sols et les sédiments : mesures, inventaires et interprétation à l'échelle globale." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765239.
Full textPascaud, Aude. "Déterminants des évolutions spatio-temporelles des retombées atmosphériques acidifiantes et eutrophisantes en France et élaboration d’un modèle de projection." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10105/document.
Full textAtmospheric pollutants emitted by both natural and anthropogenic sources are precursors of secondary compounds such as acidic gases and aerosols, which can be transported over long distances. Atmospheric deposition is the ultimate sink for these pollutants and can lead to acidification and eutrophication issues. This research was conducted within the SESAME project as part of the PRIMEQUAL long distance pollution program. The objectives seek to identify determinants of atmospheric deposition changes and to evaluate policies of pollutant reductions. Statistical approaches were applied to measurement databases of three French networks: MERA, CATAENAT and BAPMoN. Several procedures were developed to consolidate and to compare the datasets for a descriptive analysis. Geographical and seasonal determinants were identified based on the chemistry of concentrations and deposition fluxes. The trends resulting from Sen Mann Kendall tests highlighted that the changes in chemical compositions of atmospheric deposition can be either linear or nonlinear with the identified determinants. The findings were used to develop a predictive model to forecast the deposition fluxes of sulfur and nitrogen species under different climate scenarios and over several decades. The exceedances of critical loads and their changes were evaluated from current and forecasted deposition fluxes. Finally, the density of measurement sites over the French area was strong enough to create maps of deposition fluxes, which were then compared to the EMEP model outputs
Tchana, betnga Wilfried. "Développement d'instrumentation pour une spectroscopie simultanée THz et IR : application à l'équilibre de HONO." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7134.
Full textMeasuring trace gases having a notable impact on human health, climate and the stability of the ozone layer constitutes an extremely important challenge. In the coming years, new, higher sensitivity satellite instruments will improve atmospheric sounding only if the necessary spectral parameters are available. For some species of atmospheric interest such as nitrous acid (HONO) and hypobromous acid (HOBr), spectroscopic data are incomplete or almost non-existent. The challenge in this thesis is to get quantitative spectroscopic parameters for these species. To achieve this objective, an innovative instrumental set-up involving the simultaneous use of two instruments, an IR/THz dual beam experiment, has been built: a thermostatically controlled cell (200-350K) made of inert materials, glass and Teflon, capable of accommodating a 0.1-1.1 THz spectrometer and coupled to a high resolution (HR) Fourier Transform spectrometer (FTS) in the IR range. The THz spectrometer allows to select rotational lines of the target molecule for partial pressure determination, and the FTS enables simultaneous measurement of the rovibrational spectrum in an IR atmospheric window for quantification of the species of interest. The adopted strategy relies on the fact that the intensities of the rotational spectra simply depend on the permanent dipole moment of the molecule of interest, determined with high accuracy from Stark effect measurements. In the case of HONO, which only exists in laboratory conditions in the form of an equilibrium mixture with other species like H2O, NO and NO2, the lack of knowledge of the partial pressure in the gas mixture leads to serious difficulties for quantitative measurements. In addition, HONO exists in two conformer forms, and the height of the conformer barrier between cis- and trans-HONO DeltaCis-Trans is still poorly known, which affects lines positions and especially lines intensities. To improve the determination of the energy difference between the ground vibrational state of the cis- and trans-HONO conformers of HONO, high resolution spectra were recorded in the 50-200 cm-1 spectral region at three different temperatures (240, 270 and 296 K), using the synchrotron radiation of the AILES beamline at SOLEIL. Precise modelling has been performed and were used to determine the height of the conformer barrier DeltaCis-Trans = 95.8 ± 9.2 cm-1. Our value is in good agreement with the previous determination by Sironneau et al (99 ± 25 cm-1), but we have improved the accuracy of this determination by a factor of 2.6. We used this new value of DeltaCis-Trans and the dipole moment parameters for a synthetic spectrum calculation. A precise line list in the far-IR region (0 - 200 cm-1), including positions and absolute lines intensities was generated and, proved to be more robust for an improved detection of HONO in astrophysical objects. To determine absolute intensities in the mid-IR region where HONO is currently detected, simultaneous IR/THz spectra were recorded at LISA using innovative instrumentation developed during this thesis. A first modelling of these spectra is presented in this thesis, and in fine will lead to a much more precise line list for HONO in the 730 - 920 cm-1 region, which will be provided to the scientific community via the HITRAN and GEISA databases and used in the analysis of satellite observations. Regarding HOBr, the aim will be to generate a spectroscopic database in the IR region around 8.6 um, to be used by IASI-NG and FORUM for detection and quantification in the Earth's atmosphere. HOBr plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry and, only exists in laboratory conditions in a mixture characterized by chemical equilibrium: H2O + Br2O = 2(HOBr). The methodology and experimental tools developed during this thesis will be an advantage for implementation of this project, which constitutes the outlook for this work
Gross-Amblard, David. "Tatouage des bases de données." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00590970.
Full textWaller, Emmanuel. "Méthodes et bases de données." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112481.
Full textCastelltort, Arnaud. "Historisation de données dans les bases de données NoSQLorientées graphes." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20076.
Full textThis thesis deals with data historization in the context of graphs. Graph data have been dealt with for many years but their exploitation in information systems, especially in NoSQL engines, is recent. The emerging Big Data and 3V contexts (Variety, Volume, Velocity) have revealed the limits of classical relational databases. Historization, on its side, has been considered for a long time as only linked with technical and backups issues, and more recently with decisional reasons (Business Intelligence). However, historization is now taking more and more importance in management applications.In this framework, graph databases that are often used have received little attention regarding historization. Our first contribution consists in studying the impact of historized data in management information systems. This analysis relies on the hypothesis that historization is taking more and more importance. Our second contribution aims at proposing an original model for managing historization in NoSQL graph databases.This proposition consists on the one hand in elaborating a unique and generic system for representing the history and on the other hand in proposing query features.We show that the system can support both simple and complex queries.Our contributions have been implemented and tested over synthetic and real databases
Benchkron, Said Soumia. "Bases de données et logiciels intégrés." Paris 9, 1985. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1985PA090025.
Full textMarie-Julie, Jean Michel. "Bases de données d'images- Calculateurs parallèles." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066593.
Full textChicheportiche, Alexandre. "Données de base des ions atomiques et moléculaires de l'hélium et de l'argon pour l'optimisation des jets de plasmas froids utilisés dans le domaine biomédical." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2437/.
Full textThe use of cold plasma jets at atmospheric pressure (AP) for biomedical applications is a hot research topic. Such devices produce many active species (photons, radicals, charged particles, electric field, etc. ) very useful for biomedical applications. The challenge for the plasma physics community is to tune such plasma devices to abundantly or selectively produce actives species beforehand identified for their biological effects. To reach this goal, physicochemical models have been developed but require, in input data, the transport coefficients (not always available in the literature) of ions affecting the kinetics of the plasma jet. In this thesis work we are interested in helium or argon plasma jets. Thus, transport coefficients of He+ and He2+ ions as Ar+ and Ar2+ ions have been calculated in their parent gas. The originality of the work concerns the molecular ions (He2+ and Ar2+) which play the main role in the plasma jet dynamics since they are overwhelmingly present at the AP. The transport coefficients are closely related to the collision cross sections and then to the ion-neutral interaction potential curves. For the He+/He interaction system, a 1D quantum method without approximation has been used for the collision cross section calculation and an optimized Monte Carlo code allowed us to obtained the transport coefficients in the experimental error bars. On the other side, for the molecular ions He2+, two calculation methods have been considered: a 1D quantum method and a hybrid method mixing classical and quantum formulations. A compromise between these two methods finally allowed us to obtain reduced mobilities with a mean relative deviation from experiments of 5% and to expand the latter to higher electric fields. Diffusion coefficients and reaction rates, not available in the literature, have been also calculated. For the argon plasma jet, the transport coefficients for atomic ions in the ground 2P3/2 state and metastable 2P1/2 state have been obtained, using quantum collision cross sections, up to 1500 Td (1 Td = 10-17 V. Cm²) with a mean relative deviation from measurements below 0. 2%. Finally, for Ar2+ ions, the hybrid method allowed us to obtain reduced mobilities with a mean relative deviation of 2% from experiments and to calculate the diffusion coefficients and reaction rates not available in the literature
Voisard, Agnès. "Bases de données géographiques : du modèle de données à l'interface utilisateur." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112354.
Full textNguyen, Gia Toan. "Quelques fonctionnalités de bases de données avancées." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Grenoble 1, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00321615.
Full textQian, Shunchu. "Restructuration de bases de données entité-association." Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOS064.
Full textGross-Amblard, David. "Approximation dans les bases de données contraintes." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112304.
Full textCollobert, Ronan. "Algorithmes d'Apprentissage pour grandes bases de données." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066063.
Full textBossy, Robert. "Édition coopérative de bases de données scientifiques." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066047.
Full textValceschini-Deza, Nathalie. "Accès sémantique aux bases de données textuelles." Nancy 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN21021.
Full textSouihli, Asma. "Interrogation des bases de données XML probabilistes." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0046/document.
Full textProbabilistic XML is a probabilistic model for uncertain tree-structured data, with applications to data integration, information extraction, or uncertain version control. We explore in this dissertation efficient algorithms for evaluating tree-pattern queries with joins over probabilistic XML or, more specifically, for approximating the probability of each item of a query result. The approach relies on, first, extracting the query lineage over the probabilistic XML document, and, second, looking for an optimal strategy to approximate the probability of the propositional lineage formula. ProApproX is the probabilistic query manager for probabilistic XML presented in this thesis. The system allows users to query uncertain tree-structured data in the form of probabilistic XML documents. It integrates a query engine that searches for an optimal strategy to evaluate the probability of the query lineage. ProApproX relies on a query-optimizer--like approach: exploring different evaluation plans for different parts of the formula and predicting the cost of each plan, using a cost model for the various evaluation algorithms. We demonstrate the efficiency of this approach on datasets used in a number of most popular previous probabilistic XML querying works, as well as on synthetic data. An early version of the system was demonstrated at the ACM SIGMOD 2011 conference. First steps towards the new query solution were discussed in an EDBT/ICDT PhD Workshop paper (2011). A fully redesigned version that implements the techniques and studies shared in the present thesis, is published as a demonstration at CIKM 2012. Our contributions are also part of an IEEE ICDE
Souihli, Asma. "Interrogation des bases de données XML probabilistes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0046.
Full textProbabilistic XML is a probabilistic model for uncertain tree-structured data, with applications to data integration, information extraction, or uncertain version control. We explore in this dissertation efficient algorithms for evaluating tree-pattern queries with joins over probabilistic XML or, more specifically, for approximating the probability of each item of a query result. The approach relies on, first, extracting the query lineage over the probabilistic XML document, and, second, looking for an optimal strategy to approximate the probability of the propositional lineage formula. ProApproX is the probabilistic query manager for probabilistic XML presented in this thesis. The system allows users to query uncertain tree-structured data in the form of probabilistic XML documents. It integrates a query engine that searches for an optimal strategy to evaluate the probability of the query lineage. ProApproX relies on a query-optimizer--like approach: exploring different evaluation plans for different parts of the formula and predicting the cost of each plan, using a cost model for the various evaluation algorithms. We demonstrate the efficiency of this approach on datasets used in a number of most popular previous probabilistic XML querying works, as well as on synthetic data. An early version of the system was demonstrated at the ACM SIGMOD 2011 conference. First steps towards the new query solution were discussed in an EDBT/ICDT PhD Workshop paper (2011). A fully redesigned version that implements the techniques and studies shared in the present thesis, is published as a demonstration at CIKM 2012. Our contributions are also part of an IEEE ICDE
Ripoche, Hugues. "Une construction interactive d'interprétations de données : application aux bases de données de séquences génétiques." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20248.
Full textBenzine, Mehdi. "Combinaison sécurisée des données publiques et sensibles dans les bases de données." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0024.
Full textProtection of sensitive data is a major issue in the databases field. Many software and hardware solutions have been designed to protect data when stored and during query processing. Moreover, it is also necessary to provide a secure manner to combine sensitive data with public data. To achieve this goal, we designed a new storage and processing architecture. Our solution combines a main server that stores public data and a secure server dedicated to the storage and processing of sensitive data. The secure server is a hardware token which is basically a combination of (i) a secured microcontroller and (ii) a large external NAND Flash memory. The queries which combine public and sensitive data are split in two sub queries, the first one deals with the public data, the second one deals with the sensitive data. Each sub query is processed on the server storing the corresponding data. Finally, the data obtained by the computation of the sub query on public data is sent to the secure server to be mixed with the result of the computation on sensitive data. For security reasons, the final result is built on the secure server. This architecture resolves the security problems, because all the computations dealing with sensitive data are done by the secure server, but brings performance problems (few RAM, asymmetric cost of read/write operations. . . ). These problems will be solved by different strategies of query optimization
Léonard, Michel. "Conception d'une structure de données dans les environnements de bases de données." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00327370.
Full textSmine, Hatem. "Outils d'aide à la conception : des bases de données relationnelles aux bases d'objets complexes." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4213.
Full textSahri, Soror. "Conception et implantation d'un système de bases de données distribuée & scalable : SD-SQL Server." Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090013.
Full textOur thesis elaborates on the design of a scalable distributed database system (SD-DBS). A novel feature of an SD-DBS is the concept of a scalable distributed relational table, a scalable table in short. Such a table accommodates dynamic splits of its segments at SD-DBS storage nodes. A split occurs when an insert makes a segment to overflow, like in, e. G. , B-tree file. Current DBMSs provide the static partitioning only, requiring a cumbersome global reorganization from time to time. The transparency of the distribution of a scalable table is in this light an important step beyond the current technology. Our thesis explores the design issues of an SD-DBS, by constructing a prototype termed SD-SQL Server. As its name indicates, it uses the services of SQL-Server. SD-SQL Server repartitions a table when an insert overflows existing segments. With the comfort of a single node SQL Server user, the SD-SQL Server user has larger tables or a faster response time through the dynamic parallelism. We present the architecture of our system, its implementation and the performance analysis
Bost, Raphaël. "Algorithmes de recherche sur bases de données chiffrées." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S001/document.
Full textSearchable encryption aims at making efficient a seemingly easy task: outsourcing the storage of a database to an untrusted server, while keeping search features. With the development of Cloud storage services, for both private individuals and businesses, efficiency of searchable encryption became crucial: inefficient constructions would not be deployed on a large scale because they would not be usable. The key problem with searchable encryption is that any construction achieving ''perfect security'' induces a computational or a communicational overhead that is unacceptable for the providers or for the users --- at least with current techniques and by today's standards. This thesis proposes and studies new security notions and new constructions of searchable encryption, aiming at making it more efficient and more secure. In particular, we start by considering the forward and backward privacy of searchable encryption schemes, what it implies in terms of security and efficiency, and how we can realize them. Then, we show how to protect an encrypted database user against active attacks by the Cloud provider, and that such protections have an inherent efficiency cost. Finally, we take a look at existing attacks against searchable encryption, and explain how we might thwart them
Nunez, Del Prado Cortez Miguel. "Attaques d'inférence sur des bases de données géolocalisées." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00926957.
Full textNajjar, Ahmed. "Forage de données de bases administratives en santé." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28162.
Full textCurrent health systems are increasingly equipped with data collection and storage systems. Therefore, a huge amount of data is stored in medical databases. Databases, designed for administrative or billing purposes, are fed with new data whenever the patient uses the healthcare system. This specificity makes these databases a rich source of information and extremely interesting. These databases can unveil the constraints of reality, capturing elements from a great variety of real medical care situations. So, they could allow the conception and modeling the medical treatment process. However, despite the obvious interest of these administrative databases, they are still underexploited by researchers. In this thesis, we propose a new approach of the mining for administrative data to detect patterns from patient care trajectories. Firstly, we have proposed an algorithm able to cluster complex objects that represent medical services. These objects are characterized by a mixture of numerical, categorical and multivalued categorical variables. We thus propose to extract one projection space for each multivalued variable and to modify the computation of the distance between the objects to consider these projections. Secondly, a two-step mixture model is proposed to cluster these objects. This model uses the Gaussian distribution for the numerical variables, multinomial for the categorical variables and the hidden Markov models (HMM) for the multivalued variables. Finally, we obtain two algorithms able to cluster complex objects characterized by a mixture of variables. Once this stage is reached, an approach for the discovery of patterns of care trajectories is set up. This approach involves the followed steps: 1. preprocessing that allows the building and generation of medical services sets. Thus, three sets of medical services are obtained: one for hospital stays, one for consultations and one for visits. 2. modeling of treatment processes as a succession of labels of medical services. These complex processes require a sophisticated method of clustering. Thus, we propose a clustering algorithm based on the HMM. 3. creating an approach of visualization and analysis of the trajectory patterns to mine the discovered models. All these steps produce the knowledge discovery process from medical administrative databases. We apply this approach to databases for elderly patients over 65 years old who live in the province of Quebec and are suffering from heart failure. The data are extracted from the three databases: the MSSS MED-ÉCHO database, the RAMQ bank and the database containing death certificate data. The obtained results clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach by detecting special patterns that can help healthcare administrators to better manage health treatments.
Thion-Goasdoue, Virginie. "Bases de données, contraintes d'intégrité et logiques modales." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112134.
Full textIn this thesis, we use tableaux system for modal logics in order to solve databases problems related to integrity constraints. In first part, we use a tableaux system for first order modal logics in the context of a method testing integrity constraints preservation in an object oriented database. We develop a proof search strategy and we prove that it is sound and complete in its unbounded version. This leads to the implementation of a theorem prover for first order modal logics k, k4, d, t and s4. The prover can also be used for other applications where the test of validity of first order modal logics is needed (software verification, multi-agents systems, etc. ). In second part, we study hybrid multi-modal logic (hmml) as a formalism to express schemas and integrity constraints for semi-structured data. On the one hand we prove that hmml captures the notion of semi-structured data and constraints on it. On the other hand we generalize the notion of schema, by proposing a definition of schema where references are "well typed" (contrary to what happens with dtds), and we prove that this new notion can be formalized by sentences of hmml exactly like a constraint is. When a tableaux system for the hmml is added to this approach, some classical database problems can be treated (constraints implication, schemas inclusion, constraints satisfiability, etc. )
Guo, Yanli. "Confidentialité et intégrité de bases de données embarquées." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0038.
Full textAs a decentralized way for managing personal data, the Personal Data Server approach (PDS) resorts to Secure Portable Token, combining the tamper resistance of a smart card microcontroller with the mass storage capacity of NAND Flash. The data is stored, accessed and its access rights controlled using such devices. To support powerful PDS application requirements, a full-fledged DBMS engine is embedded in the SPT. This thesis addresses two problems with the confidentiality and integrity of personal data: (i) the database stored on the NAND Flash remains outside the security perimeter of the microcontroller, thus potentially suffering from attacks; (ii) the PDS approach relies on supporting servers to provide durability, availability, and global processing functionalities. Appropriate protocols must ensure that these servers cannot breach the confidentiality of the manipulated data. The proposed solutions rely on cryptography techniques, without incurring large overhead
Lavergne-Boudier, Valérie. "Système dynamique d'interrogation des bases de données bibliographiques." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077243.
Full textRaïssi, Chedy. "Extraction de Séquences Fréquentes : Des Bases de Données Statiques aux Flots de Données." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351626.
Full textLaurent, Anne. "Bases de données multidimensionnelles floues et leur utilisation pour la fouille de données." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066426.
Full textRaissi, Chedy. "Extraction de séquences fréquentes : des bases de données statiques aux flots de données." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20063.
Full textLaabi, Abderrazzak. "Étude et réalisation de la gestion des articles appartenant à des bases de données gérées par une machine bases de données." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112338.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis is part of a study and development project concerning the design of three layers of the DBMS on the DORSAL-32 Data Base Machine. The first layer ensures record management within the storage areas, record and page locking organization according to the access mode and transaction coherency degree. It ensures also the handling of micro-logs which permit to guarantee the atomicity of an action. The second layer ensures handling of transaction logging and warm restarts which guarantee the atomicity and durability of a transaction. The third layer ensures simultaneous access management and handling of lock tables. Performance measures of the methods used are also presented. The last chapter of this report contains a research work concerning the implementation of the virtual linear hashing method in our DBMS. The problem studied is the transfer of records from one page to another. Under these conditions, the record pointers which are classically used don't permit direct access. We propose a new pointer which enables direct access to the record, on no matter which page it is contained at a given instant
Boullé, Marc. "Recherche d'une représentation des données efficace pour la fouille des grandes bases de données." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003023.
Full textCuré, Olivier. "Relations entre bases de données et ontologies dans le cadre du web des données." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843284.
Full textCharmpi, Konstantina. "Méthodes statistiques pour la fouille de données dans les bases de données de génomique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENM017/document.
Full textOur focus is on statistical testing methods, that compare a given vector of numeric values, indexed by all genes in the human genome, to a given set of genes, known to be associated to a particular type of cancer for instance. Among existing methods, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis is the most widely used. However it has several drawbacks. Firstly, the calculation of p-values is very much time consuming, and insufficiently precise. Secondly, like most other methods, it outputs a large number of significant results, the majority of which are not biologically meaningful. The two issues are addressed here, by two new statistical procedures, the Weighted and Doubly Weighted Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. The two tests have been applied both to simulated and real data, and compared with other existing procedures. Our conclusion is that, beyond their mathematical and algorithmic advantages, the WKS and DWKS tests could be more informative in many cases, than the classical GSEA test and efficiently address the issues that have led to their construction
Kezouit, Omar Abdelaziz. "Bases de données relationnelles et analyse de données : conception et réalisation d'un système intégré." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112130.
Full textZelasco, José Francisco. "Gestion des données : contrôle de qualité des modèles numériques des bases de données géographiques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20232.
Full textA Digital Surface Model (DSM) is a numerical surface model which is formed by a set of points, arranged as a grid, to study some physical surface, Digital Elevation Models (DEM), or other possible applications, such as a face, or some anatomical organ, etc. The study of the precision of these models, which is of particular interest for DEMs, has been the object of several studies in the last decades. The measurement of the precision of a DSM model, in relation to another model of the same physical surface, consists in estimating the expectancy of the squares of differences between pairs of points, called homologous points, one in each model which corresponds to the same feature of the physical surface. But these pairs are not easily discernable, the grids may not be coincident, and the differences between the homologous points, corresponding to benchmarks in the physical surface, might be subject to special conditions such as more careful measurements than on ordinary points, which imply a different precision. The generally used procedure to avoid these inconveniences has been to use the squares of vertical distances between the models, which only address the vertical component of the error, thus giving a biased estimate when the surface is not horizontal. The Perpendicular Distance Evaluation Method (PDEM) which avoids this bias, provides estimates for vertical and horizontal components of errors, and is thus a useful tool for detection of discrepancies in Digital Surface Models (DSM) like DEMs. The solution includes a special reference to the simplification which arises when the error does not vary in all horizontal directions. The PDEM is also assessed with DEM's obtained by means of the Interferometry SAR Technique
Baptiste, Pierre. "Contribution à la conception d'un atelier flexible : définition de la base de données techniques, ordonnancement de taches à temps de réglage variables." Lyon, INSA, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ISAL0038.
Full textThis work is a contribution to the elaboration of an information system for a PMS. It deals with the construction of a technical data base and with a scheduling method that minimizes the number of set-up operations. Pour main parts can be distinguished. - In the first part, the PMS studied is described. - The second is a review of the different methods used to construct a production manufacturing system (the ones based on the physical system and the ones based on the information system ). The choice of MERISE method is justified - In a third part, some conceptual models are presented (describing routings, tools, fixtures, DNC programmes, etc. . . ). - At last a scheduling method that minimizes set-up times is proposed. This method uses mathematical tools, such as Galois lattice, interval graphs. A prototype of this method gives very good results in numerous examples: about 50 % of set-up operations can be avoided in all cases studied
Mahfoudi, Abdelwahab. "Contribution a l'algorithmique pour l'analyse des bases de données statistiques hétérogènes." Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOS009.
Full textYkhlef, Mourad. "Interrogation des données semistructurées." Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR1A640.
Full textYkhlef, Mourad. "Interrogation des données semistructurées." Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10670.
Full textJomier, Geneviève. "Bases de données relationnelles : le système PEPIN et ses extensions." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05S008.
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