Relevant bibliographies by topics / Basement aquifer

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Academic literature on the topic 'Basement aquifer'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 13 April 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Basement aquifer"

1

Tsepav, Matthew Tersoo, Aliyu Yahaya Badeggi, Obaje Nuhu George, Usman Yusuf Tanko, and Ibrahim Samuel Ibbi. "On the Use of Electrical Resistivity Method in Mapping Potential Sources and Extent of Pollution of Groundwater Systems in Lapai Town, Niger State, Nigeria." Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications 5, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v5i1.51563.

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<p>Electrical resistivity method employing the Schlumberger array was used to occupy forty four (44) vertical electrical sounding points in Lapai town with the aim of determining the depth to aquifers, aquifer thicknesses and aquifer protective capacity. The G41 Geotron resistivity meter was used in obtaining the apparent resistivity data which was processed using Interpex 1XD resistivity interpretation software. The results revealed four lithologic sections which include top lateritic soil, sandy clay, fractured basement and fresh basement. Both confined and unconfined aquifers were identified within the area, with four classes of aquifer proactive capacities as high, moderate, weak and poor. While the aquifer at VES 20 was highly protected, twenty other aquifers were moderately protected, eight others had weak protection and fifteen aquifers were poorly protected. The aquifers were generally of good thicknesses and at varying reasonable depths, making them good reservoirs of water in appreciable quantity. The average aquifer thickness was estimated to be 48.36m while the average depth to aquifers was estimated to be 56.68m.</p>
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Akanbi, Olanrewaju Akinfemiwa, and Moshood ‘Niyi Tijani. "Sustainability and Conceptual Groundwater Hydraulic Models of Basement Aquifers." Materials and Geoenvironment 66, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rmzmag-2019-0016.

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AbstractGroundwater flow of the basement terrains of the Ibarapa region was studied by carrying out pumping test and measurement of borehole inventory. The view was to identify the associated aquifer systems from the time-drawdown curves, quantify the estimable hydraulic properties and develop hypothetical models for the understanding of the groundwater flow in the area underlain by diverse crystalline bedrocks. Three aquifer types were identified namely, dual, leaky and regolith. The yield of groundwater in dual and leaky aquifers that dominated terrains underlain by amphibolite and gneisses was sustainable, but the discharge of regolith aquifers mainly associated with migmatite and granite terrains declined at late pumping stage. The transmissivities of the dual and leaky aquifers were between 2.02 and 11.65 m2/day, while those of regolith aquifers were mostly less than 1.00 m2/day. The average aquifer transmissivities in m2/day by bedrocks were: 6.85, 2.57, 0.76 and 1.72, correspondingly. The inter-relationships between transmissivities and groundwater discharge showed diverse aquifer representations, from sustainable high-yielding to unsustainable low-yielding types. Conscientious effort is, therefore, required for well construction in the area.
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Bello, Rereloluwa, and Toluwaleke Ajayi. "Geoelectric evaluation of groundwater potential within sunshine garden estate, akure southwestern Nigeria." International Journal of Physical Research 7, no. 2 (July 22, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijpr.v7i2.29172.

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The Vertical Electrical Resistivity surveys in the Sunshine Garden Estate have contributed to a better understanding of the basement complex of Southwestern Nigeria. Nine (9) vertical electrical sounding (VES) using the Schlumberger electrode array were interpreted and the results shows three (3) subsurface geoelectric layers within the study area. These are the weathered layer, topsoil, fresh/fractured basement. Groundwater pockets such as fractured zones, valley fills/basement depressions, and weathered zones were delineated in the study area. Weathered/partially weathered layer and weathered basement/fractured basement were the two major aquifer mapped out and these aquifers are characterized by thick overburden, found within basement depressions. The groundwater potential of the study area was zoned into low, medium and high potentials. Zones where the overburden thickness (which constitutes the main aquifer unit) is greater than 13m and of low clay composition (average resistivity value between 200 - 400Ωm) are considered zones of high groundwater potential. Area where the thickness of the aquifer ranges from 11-13m with less clay composition are considered to have medium groundwater potential and the areas where the thickness of the aquifer is less than 11m are considered to have a low groundwater. The VES station underlained by high and medium groundwater potential zones are envisaged to be viable for groundwater development within the area.
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Subedi, B., T. Kitaoka, and J. Kiyono. "3D stratigraphic modelling of the Bangkok basin using Kriging on borehole data." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 851, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/851/1/012014.

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Abstract The Lower Central Plain of Thailand has a deep and highly irregular basement filled with complex layers of alluvial sandy soil and deltaic clay or silt. The Bangkok Metropolitan region with its high level of infrastructure development is located in this plain. With high population density, the problem of land subsidence is critical. This study uses borehole data and the Kriging method to interpolate the data. A detailed 3D stratigraphic model of the basin is presented and several cross sections along two directions. Seventeen layers and the points used for modelling each layer are presented. The model shows eight aquifers in the Bangkok basin, lying between eight layers of clay, and a bottom layer above the basement. The bottom of the lowest aquifer of the Bangkok aquifer system is 610 m deep. The basement extends down to a depth of more than 2000 m in some places. Our 3D model, which extends to the basement, is of interest for mining and site-specific seismic risk analysis. Moreover, our results can be very useful for groundwater and land subsidence studies.
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Shuaibu, A. M., M. L. Garba, and I. Y. Abubakar. "Aquifer characteristics and groundwater flow system in a typical basement complex and Gundumi formation northwest, Nigeria." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 15, no. 1 (December 9, 2022): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.4.

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Aquifer performance was tested in 280 locations of the study area to assess the hydraulic characteristics of the various aquifers, potential yield from the flowing boreholes of both hard rocks and sedimentary formation underlain Zamfara State Northwestern, Nigeria. Pumping test result were subjected to standard methods of Jacob’s and modified Theis equation for evaluation of aquifer parameters such as hydraulic conductivity (K), Transmissivity (T), Specific capacity and others. The results show that characteristic of areas underlain by crystalline rock units, especially migmatite, variably migmatized gneiss, schists and granites are characterized by thin/shallow overburden unit of usually less than 10m. In such settings the borehole depth varies from 38 to 78m while saturated thickness varies from 8 to 20m below ground level, with average yield of 44.1m3/day. Hydrogeological parameters obtained from pumping test analysis within the basement rock units revealed aquifer transmissivity (T) values which range from 0.14 to 141.23m2/day, with an average of 12.85m2/day. This implies aquifers of negligible to high potentials. The hydraulic conductivity (K) values vary from 5.0 x 10-2m/day and 8.8 x 10-1m/day with an average of 2.2 x 10-1m/day. The implication of these results is that the aquifers of the basement rock units cannot provide sufficient water for both domestic and agricultural needs of the area. However, Sixty-eight (68) analyzed borehole data set within Gundumi Formation, revealed the average discharge rate of 116.8m3/day. This formation shows the highest water discharge within the study area. The average penetration depth of 65m was achieved. The hydraulic conductivity of this aquifer revealed average value of 5.7 × 10-1m/day. This implies high permeability of aquifer system, which is typical of sedimentary formation of this nature. Transmissivity (T) revealed an average value of 38.89m2/day, which indicate high rate of water flow through the entire aquifer medium of this formation. The geospatial analysis of yield from the wells indicate excellent groundwater potential around the western part of the study area.
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Kafando, Moussa Bruno, Mahamadou Koïta, Mathieu Le Coz, Ousmane Roland Yonaba, Tazen Fowe, Cheick Oumar Zouré, Moussa Diagne Faye, and Babacar Leye. "Use of Multidisciplinary Approaches for Groundwater Recharge Mechanism Characterization in Basement Aquifers: Case of Sanon Experimental Catchment in Burkina Faso." Water 13, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 3216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13223216.

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In Burkina Faso, the basement aquifers represent a major asset in terms of quantity and quality, for both drinking and irrigation purposes for rural populations. They provide water resources that can guarantee the long-term needs of the populations, provided that a sustainable management policy for these resources is adopted. Yet, any groundwater resource management policy is necessarily linked to a better knowledge of aquifer recharge mechanisms, which is yet to be fully assessed in the Sahelian basement area. The objective of this study was to characterize the recharge mechanism within the experimental site of Sanon, located in the basement zone in Burkina Faso, using a coupling of hydrodynamic and chemical approaches. The hydrodynamic approach consisted of monitoring the spatial and temporal distribution of the piezometric levels of the aquifers along a north–south and east–west transect and determining soil infiltration capacity. The hydrochemical characterization of the aquifers was carried out through an analysis of groundwater samples from the concerned aquifers and daily tracing of the electrical conductivity of the aquifer water. The cross-analysis from the results of the implemented approaches shows a direct recharge mechanism through rainwater infiltration in the central valley, an indirect recharge mechanism in the lowlands, and a recharge mechanism by lateral transfers in the peripheral aquifers of the Sanon experimental catchment. The existence of a piezometric dome reveals in the central valley a zone of preferential recharge and water movement. The water of the central valley is the least mineralized with electrical conductivities below 100 µS/cm. This mineralization follows the direction of the water flow.
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Akpaneno, Aniefiok, and S. Abdulwahab. "GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION USING DC RESISTIVITY TECHNIQUE AT THE MALE HOSTEL OF ISA KAITA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION DUTSIN-MA, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 4, no. 4 (July 13, 2021): 547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0404-643.

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A geophysical investigation involving Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using the Schlumberger array was carried out at the Isa Kaita College of Education specifically at the Male Hostel. The aim of the investigation is to explore the groundwater contamination of the area with the objectives: to determine the depth to basement of the study area, to determine the aquifer thickness, to determine the depth to aquifer, to determine the conductivity of the aquifer and to determine the thickness of topsoil and its variation in resistivity. A total of four (4) vertical electrical soundings were carried out using Schlumberger configuration. Terrameter signal averaging system (SAS) model 300 was the instrument used. The survey area is dominated by mainly four layers, namely: Topsoil, Weathered basement, fractured basement. The value of VES 03 and VES 04 have high electrical conductivities which likely shows they are contaminated, The topsoil resistivity along the profile ranges from approximately 1 to 154, The depth to basement (basement topography) Varies from 4.94 m to 7.59 m, The thickness of aquifer range from 1 m to 6.8 m. Therefore VES 02 has high Potential for groundwater because it has retaining capacity and good aquifer thickness and is therefore recommended for borehole establishment. It is recommended that the management of Isa Kaita College of Education should provide a concrete dumping site to avoid leaching of waste in ground thereby contaminating the groundwater.
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Eissa, Mustafa A. "Application of Multi-Isotopes and Geochemical Modeling for Delineating Recharge and Salinization Sources in Dahab Basin Aquifers (South Sinai, Egypt)." Hydrology 5, no. 3 (August 4, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology5030041.

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The Dahab watershed comprises three aquifers; the alluvial Quaternary, the Early Cambrian sandstone, and the fractured Pre-Cambrian basement aquifers. The Dahab watershed is located in the southeastern part of the arid Sinai Peninsula, where low precipitation and groundwater over-exploitation deteriorate the groundwater quality in the alluvial coastal plain aquifer located downstream. Multi-isotopes including δ18O and δ2H, 87Sr/86Sr, δ81Br and δ11B coupled with groundwater geochemistry were utilized to assess the recharge source(s), water-rock interaction, and seawater mixing to aid sustainable groundwater management strategies. Br and Cl concentrations, used to measure groundwater salinity, were low in the upstream groundwater, while higher concentrations were observed in the deep drilled wells located downstream, in the main well field. The δ18O and δ2H isotopes were depleted in the upstream aquifers, but enriched in the shallow coastal aquifer, indicating slight evaporation and seawater intrusion. Higher mean values of 87Sr/86Sr and δ81Br were observed in the fresh groundwater from high in the watershed (87Sr/86Sr = 0.707716 and δ81Br = +2.05‰), while lower mean values were observed in the saline groundwater located downstream in the main well field (87Sr/86Sr = 0.706631 and δ81Br = +0.11‰). The cumulative mass balance mixing curves and the geochemical NETPATH model confirm the change of groundwater quality from the upper to lower watershed caused by the leaching and evaporation processes, as well as mixing with seawater. The corrected 14C age dating and stable isotopes show that the Quaternary and Pre-Cambrian basement aquifers contain modern groundwater, while the Early Cambrian aquifer holds paleo-groundwater, which has received considerable recharge from recent precipitation. The mixing ratiosin the Quaternary coastal aquifer range between 5% and 13% seawater to 95% and 87% fresh groundwater, respectively. These results indicate that future groundwater withdrawal must be well managed in order to limit further salinization. Groundwater withdrawal from the Quaternary coastal aquifer must be below the natural average recharge in order to be sustainable.
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Ademola, Iroye Kayode. "Effect of Down-Hole Lithological Variation on Water Bearing Capacity of Some Boreholes in Ilorin, Nigeria." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Geographia 66, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbgeogr.2021.2.01.

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"Effect of Down-Hole Lithological Variation on Water Bearing Capacity of Some Boreholes in Ilorin, Nigeria. The paper attempts to explain the effect of downhole lithological variation on water bearing capacity of some boreholes in Ilorin Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the lithological characteristics of the boreholes, assessed the variability in weathered overburden and analyzed the inter-relationships between lithology, hydrology and topography of the boreholes. Data used were extracted from twenty (20) borehole logs collected from the archive of Lower Niger Basin Development Authority in Ilorin. Information extracted from the borehole logs are: the number of lithological units intersected by each of the borehole and their depths, the nature of geological materials making up the lithological units and their moisture conditions. Information on coordinates and topographic heights of the boreholes are not given on the logs and those were collected from the field personally by the researcher using handheld GPS (Garmin GPS Channel 76 Model). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results reveal nine downhole lithological units with loamy and lateritic soil making up the first layer of lithology in 95% of the boreholes. Thickness of the top soil and the saprolite overlying the bedrock, has mean values of 4.2m and 11.3m respectively. Depth to water in the borehole ranged between 24.7 and 140m and with a mean value of 55.9m. Three (3) of the boreholes have two lenses of aquifer while the remaining seventeen (17) have one aquifer lens each. The three (3) boreholes with two aquifer lenses have their minor aquifers located within the saprolite. The main aquifer in most (65%) of the boreholes is located within the fractured basement while the remaining (35%) boreholes have their main aquifer located in the weathered basement. Correlation analysis revealed topographic elevation as one of the drivers of hydrology in the study area. Keywords: lithology, groundwater, saprolite, basement, topography. "
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Jonker, B., and T. Abiye. "Groundwater potential of the eastern Kalahari region of South Africa." South African Journal of Geology 120, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 385–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/gssajg.120.3.385.

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Abstract An integrated approach involving geological, borehole data, hydrogeochemical and environmental isotope analyses was used to determine the groundwater potential of the eastern Kalahari region of South Africa, an area to the west of Mahikeng that stretches northward from the Orange River into Botswana. The total groundwater resource potential for the eastern Kalahari region of South Africa is estimated at 10127 Mm3/a, with the Kalahari Group aquifer showing the greatest potential, comprising 51% of the total resource. The storage capacity of the Kalahari Group aquifer (7130 Mm3) is also impressive, estimated to be more than twice that of the dolomite aquifer (2728 Mm3). Despite having such great potential, the aquifer is not actively recharged and is often associated with very saline water that is not suitable for human and livestock consumption. The limestone and dolomite aquifers of the Campbell Rand Subgroup, as well as the weathered granitic rocks of the Archaean basement, are considered as the most prospective water bearing formations, with a groundwater resource potential estimate of 1981 Mm3/a and 1845 Mm3/a, respectively. Aquifers with the least potential in the project area comprise the fractured basement rocks of the Kraaipan - Amalia greenstone belt, with a groundwater resource potential of 26 Mm3/a, and the fractured sedimentary rocks of the Asbestos Hills Subgroup, with a groundwater resource potential of 108 Mm3/a. The calculated groundwater storage and resource potential in the eastern Kalahari region of South Africa satisfies a large proportion of the water demand in the region.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Basement aquifer"

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Mkali, Andrew Talinda. "Developing a hydrogeological conceptual model for subterranean groundwater control areas using remote sensing techniques, Hout catchment, Limpopo, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8028.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Crystalline basement aquifers are an important source of water supply in sub-Saharan Africa for various purposes. These aquifers are characterized by fractured rock networks which form pathways for groundwater recharge, flow, and discharge in subterranean groundwater areas. The fractured rock networks in these areas form fractured rock aquifers which in some cases are protected or reserved. In South Africa, various aquifers with these characteristics have been declared as subterranean groundwater control areas. The physical characteristics of these hydrogeological settings remains crucial in sustaining ecosystems and supporting socio-economic practices such as irrigation, among others. However, the role of fracture connectivity in crystalline basement aquifers remains poorly understood despite the well-established knowledge about the hydrogeological characteristics of such areas.
2022
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Dippenaar, Matthys Alois. "Characterisation of some fractured-rock aquifers in Limpopo province, South Africa : review and case study." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28689.

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This dissertation collates all available data from the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry’s (DWAF’s) National Groundwater Database (NGDB), DWAF’s Groundwater Resource Information Project (GRIP) and tests conducted during the progress of this project in order to evaluate Basement aquifers. The project was commenced at the request of the Water Research Commission (WRC), situated in Pretoria, South Africa. The study area (Limpopo and Luvuvhu-Letaba Water Management Areas, WMA1 and WMA2 respectively) is underlain by fractured, crystalline Basement terrain. The influences of structures (i.e. joints, faults and shear zones) and the neotectonic stress conditions were also studied to address the influence on groundwater flow and occurrence. The aim of the project was to address the determination of the aquifer parameters (essentially transmissivity and sustainable yield) in Basement terrane. Pumping test data was used and analysed via the Flow Characteristic Programme (Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of Free State). The methods of Logan (1964), Theis (1935), Cooper-Jacob (1946) and Birsoy-Summers (1980) were applied for comparative purposes. Statistically, all four methods supplied results within the same order of magnitude, with Theis and Cooper-Jacob correlating extremely well. Results from the Logan and Birsoy-Summers methods correlated very well too, but the T-values calculated via Logan’s method were almost double those obtained from the step-drawdown data analysed via the Birsoy-Summers method. The combined results adhered to a developed model-setting-scenario approach where each borehole can be evaluated based on three parameters. Firstly, the model refers to the potential water-bearing and/or water-barring features. In the study area, it was found that water predominates in the Hout River Shear Zone, and that the neotectonic stress fields have little influence on determining the orientation of favourable water-bearing structures. Geological contacts often resulted in higher yielding boreholes than geological structures. Secondly, the setting refers to the climatic and tectonic setting of the site. This determines the recharge and the orientation of structures. Based on this, supposedly closed structures (due to prevailing neotectonic stress fields) often supplied higher yielding boreholes than the supposedly open structures. Rainfall and climate however had little influence on the results. Finally, the scenario ranks a borehole in terms of high, intermediate or low transmissivity and subsequently potential yield. High T-values typically exceeded 100 m2/d whereas low T-values were generally below 5 m2/d. Significantly low yielding boreholes therefore formed part of the Low T Scenario, and high yielding boreholes of the High T Scenario. Copyright
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Geology
unrestricted
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Nouradine, Haroun. "Évaluation des ressources en eau dans les aquifères de socle dans la région du Guéra (Tchad) : combinaison d'approches géologiques, hydrogéologiques, géophysiques, géochimiques et d'apprentissage automatique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS665.pdf.

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Les aquifères de socle cristallin posent un défi majeur pour les hydrogéologues d'aujourd'hui en raison de leur hétérogénéité et de leur discontinuité. Ils sont la principale source d'eau potable dans plusieurs régions du monde, notamment en Afrique subsaharienne et au Tchad. Cependant, les aquifères de socle du Tchad ont été peu étudiés, ce qui rend difficile leur exploitation pour répondre aux besoins en eau de la population. Notre étude porte sur la région du Guéra, située dans le bassin du lac Tchad, qui est caractérisée par un socle cristallin composé à 90% de granitoïdes et de roches métamorphiques, et soumise à un climat sahélo-soudanien. Cette région a été choisie pour cette étude en raison de la disponibilité de données existantes. En effet, malgré les efforts déployés pour améliorer l'accès à la ressource en utilisant des techniques hydrogéologiques et géophysiques basées sur des méthodes électriques 1D et 2D combinées aux linéaments, le taux d'échec des forages d'eau reste élevé.Afin de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement des aquifères de socle et d'améliorer l'accès à l'eau potable dans cette région, nous proposons dans cette thèse une approche multidimensionnelle, combinant la géologie, l'hydrogéologie, la géophysique, la géochimie et l'apprentissage automatique. L'approche hydrogéophysique, basée sur l'exploitation approfondie des nombreuses données existantes (données techniques de 798 forages, 700 profils EM34 et 592 panneaux électriques), a permis d'identifier les principales formations sur lesquelles repose le modèle hydrogéologique conceptuel local, ainsi que leur gamme de résistivité électrique, et de déterminer les facteurs qui contrôlent la productivité des aquifères. L'installation d'un réseau préliminaire de suivi piézométrique automatisé depuis 2021 a permis d'aborder la dynamique des fluctuations de la nappe. Les méthodes géochimiques et isotopiques, appliquées à 211 échantillons, ont permis d'identifier et de comprendre les processus de minéralisation des eaux souterraines, de différencier les différentes formations aquifères, de valider le modèle conceptuel, d'évaluer la vulnérabilité et de comprendre les mécanismes de recharge et l'âge des eaux souterraines. Enfin, une méthode d'apprentissage automatique a été testée à partir des données produites dans cette thèse pour évaluer le potentiel de ce type d'approche à identifier les critères de productivité, et cartographier à grande échelle les zones dont le potentiel en eau souterraine est favorable à l'implantation de forages
The crystalline basement aquifers present a major challenge for today's hydrogeologists due to their heterogeneity and discontinuity. They are the main source of drinking water in several regions of the world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Chad. However, the crystalline basement aquifers in Chad have been poorly studied, making it difficult to exploit them to meet the water needs of the population. Our study focuses on the Guéra region, located in the Lake Chad Basin, which is characterized by a crystalline basement composed of 90% granitoids and metamorphic rocks, and subjected to a Sahelian-Sudanian climate. This region was chosen for this study due to the availability of existing data. Despite efforts to improve access to the resource using hydrogeological and geophysical techniques based on 1D and 2D electrical methods combined with lineaments, the failure rate of water wells remains high.In order to better understand the functioning of the crystalline basement aquifers and improve access to drinking water in this region, we propose in this thesis a multidimensional approach, combining geology, hydrogeology, geophysics, geochemistry, and machine learning. The hydrogeophysical approach, based on the in-depth exploitation of numerous existing data (technical data from 798 wells, 700 EM34 profiles, and 592 electrical panels), has allowed us to identify the main formations on which the local hydrogeological conceptual model is based, as well as their range of electrical resistivity, and to determine the factors that control the productivity of the aquifers. The installation of a preliminary automated piezometric monitoring network since 2021 has addressed the dynamics of groundwater fluctuations. Geochemical and isotopic methods, applied to 211 samples, have allowed us to identify and understand the processes of groundwater mineralization, differentiate between different aquifer formations, validate the conceptual model, assess vulnerability, and understand recharge mechanisms and groundwater age. Finally, a machine learning method has been tested using the data produced in this thesis to evaluate the potential of this approach to identify productivity criteria and map on a large scale the areas where the potential for groundwater is favorable for well installation.Keywords: Crystalline basement aquifer, geophysics, hydrogeology, conceptual model, geochemistry, machine learning, Guéra (Chad)
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Rutherford, Jasmine Lee. "The role of geology, geomorphology, climate and vegetation, in controlling spatial and temporal changes in groundwater discharge from weathered crystalline basement aquifers in southwestern Australia /." Connect to this title, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0006.

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Rutherford, Jasmine Lee. "The role of geology, geomorphology, climate and vegetation, in controlling spatial and temporal changes in groundwater discharge from weathered crystalline basement aquifers in southwestern Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0006.

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[Truncated abstract] The Collie River drainage basin is an important water resource catchment in southwestern Australia. Salinisation of a major water supply within the catchment, the Wellington Reservoir, has arisen due to changes in the water and salt balance in response to land clearing over saprolite aquifers. Paired catchment studies, the Collie Experimental Catchments (CECs), established in the early 1970’s in high and low rainfall areas increased our understanding of water and salt (predominantly chloride) movement in these aquifers through the collection and analysis of high resolution spatio-temporal data. However, the conceptual models developed from this work take little account of landscape heterogeneity, and this has caused problems in subsequent modelling studies, where success in calibrating stream flow has been countered by difficulties in predicting salt loads. The challenge remains to better describe variability in the Collie landscape and understand the influence of climate, vegetation, geology and geomorphology on observed water and salt fluxes. The release of salt from the lower saprolite aquifer and the role of the surficial aquifer in buffering groundwater discharge were investigated. The acquisition, analysis and interpretation of new regolith and geophysical data in 2001-2003 from the CECs, together with data from a high resolution digital elevation model, and existing drilling information, were used to construct a geologicalgeomorphological compartment framework, to observe changes in aquifer behaviour ... Significant differences in the salt flux from compartments have been noted at a range of scales, with implications for both water resource and land management. The approach developed to identify compartments and assess their efficiency could be simplified, using catchment critical parameters determined from geological and geomorphological characteristics. As a consequence, the implementation of a compartment framework in catchments with saprolite aquifers should allow for more informed decisions to be made in the selection of sites for revegetation strategies or the development of engineering works. This is particularly important in the Collie Catchment where reclamation scenarios are currently being discussed. Consideration of the catchment as a compartmentalised system would help manage salt loads in the Collie River and return the Wellington Reservoir to a functional water resource.
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Bethencourt, Lorine. "Etude des bactéries oxydantes du fer dans les aquifères hétérogènes : rôle dans le fonctionnement biogéochimique des zones d'interface." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B025.

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Les bactéries de la famille des Gallionellaceae (β-proteobacteria) oxydent le fer dissous à pH neutre pour alimenter leur métabolisme énergétique. Ces bactéries sont endémiques des habitats microaérobies, où elles peuvent rivaliser avec l'oxydation abiotique rapide du fer par l'oxygène. Elles sont ainsi retrouvées généralement dans les zones d’interfaces entre l’atmosphère et un compartiment anoxique riche en fer, tel qu’une résurgence d’eau souterraine. Pourtant ces cinq dernières années, de plus en plus d’études attestent de la présence des Gallionellaceae en profondeur dans certains milieux souterrains, à des profondeurs où ils sont généralement considérés comme anoxiques. Dans plusieurs de ces milieux, comme par exemple certains aquifères du massif armoricain (Bretagne, France), les Gallionellaceae semblent même dominer les communautés microbiennes présentes. Cela suggère que non seulement il existe des zones d’interface en profondeur dans ces aquifères entre un compartiment contenant de l’oxygène et un compartiment anoxique riche en fer, mais aussi que ces zones d’interfaces peuvent avoir un rôle prépondérant dans le maintien des populations microbiennes en profondeur. L’objectif de cette thèse était ainsi d’explorer la diversité et l’écologie des Gallionellaceae au sein des milieux souterrains, afin de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement biogéochimique global de ces milieux. Une approche pluridisciplinaire, faisant intervenir des analyses métagénomiques et hydrogéochimiques, a été privilégiée pour répondre à cet objectif
Bacteria of the Gallionellaceae family (β-proteobacteria) oxidise dissolved iron at circumneutral pH to fuel their energy metabolism. These bacteria are endemic of microaerobic habitats, where they can outcompete the rapid abiotic oxidation of iron with oxygen. They are thus generally found in the interface areas between the atmosphere and an anoxic iron-rich compartment, such as a resurgence of groundwater. However, in the last five years, several studies have shown the presence of Gallionellaceae at depth in some subsurface environments, at depths where they are generally anoxic. In several of these environments, such as some aquifers in the Armorican basement (Brittany, France), Gallionellaceae even seem to dominate the microbial communities. This suggests (i) that there are deep interface zones in these aquifers between an oxygen-containing compartment and an anoxic iron-rich compartment, and (II) that these interface zones can have a major role in maintaining microbial populations at depth. The objective of this thesis was to explore the diversity and the ecology of Gallionellaceae bacteria in these subsurface environments, for uncover their overall biogeochemical functioning. A multidisciplinary approach, involving metagenomic and hydrogeochemical analyses, was used to achieve this objective
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7

Holland, Martin. "Hydrogeological characterisation of crystalline basement aquifers within the Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25713.

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Geologically complex crystalline aquifers are distributed extensively in Africa and also underlie large parts of the semi-arid Limpopo Province where some of the greatest groundwater needs in South Africa occur. The importance of these basement aquifers makes it vital to identify high yielding hydrogeological zones that can be targeted for water supply, to sustain areas of high population density with few or no alternative water sources. The biggest challenge is to understand the factors that determine the secondary permeability of these weathered-fractured rock aquifers. The focus of this study was therefore to systematically analyse regional factors that may influence borehole yields and aquifer transmissivities. The study covered four distinct geological and morpho-structural domains within the Limpopo Province, covering about 23 500 km2. The borehole dataset compiled for the study consisted of over 8 000 boreholes contained in the Groundwater Resources Information Project (GRIP) Limpopo database of the South African Department of Water Affairs. Approximately 3 000 of these boreholes have been hydraulically tested and the lithology has been recorded in 1 200 cases. A commonly encountered problem of pumping tests analysis in crystalline aquifers is in choosing an appropriate model that best fits the observed drawdown response. In this thesis modern methods are proposed for the analysis of pumping test data in weathered-fractured rock aquifers and highlight the importance of diagnostic plots, especially derivatives, for the detection of flow regimes and the choice of the correct ‘theoretical’ model. Based on the classification no single analytical method can be universally applied to crystalline basement aquifers when considering the analysis of pumping test data. The GRIP borehole dataset was analysed in conjunction with spatial information to identify the relationship of regional factors such as - geology, hydrology, weathering thickness, topography, geomorphology, neo-tectonic stresses, and structural lineaments - on groundwater occurrence. Geology has a clear influence, with boreholes exploiting alluvial aquifers composed of highly permeable material, and certain rock types such as pegmatite, showing generally higher borehole productivities. Favourable borehole locations from a topographical point of view are predictably along rivers and valleys. Other identified favourable groundwater targets are the metamorphic aureoles of younger granite intrusions. Despite the local importance of the regolith as a recharge and storage mechanism for the underlying fractured bedrock, no correlation between borehole yields and depth of weathering was found. The pattern of lineament and dyke orientations in the different morpho-structural domains led to a more complex conceptual model of groundwater occurrence. This model is inconsistent with the predicted regime based on regional stress field data and suggests that local variations have a strong influence on groundwater occurrence. Due to the complex geological history of the area, it is difficult to link open discontinuities to a distinct recent or past tectonic event. It can be concluded that regional stress field data, as in this case, may not account for local, possibly highly significant, stress field variations. The hydrogeological importance of several factors on groundwater occurrence presented in this study can be used as a working reference for future groundwater development programmes.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Geology
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Books on the topic "Basement aquifer"

1

P, Wright E., Burgess W. G, and Geological Society of London, eds. The Hydrogeology of crystalline basement aquifers in Africa. London: The Geological Society, 1992.

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P, Wright E., Burgess W. G, and Geological Society of London, eds. The Hydrology of crystalline basement aquifers in Africa. London: The Geological Society, 1992.

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Zimbabwe. Ministry of Lands, Agriculture, and Water Development., Great Britain. Overseas Development Administration., British Geological Survey, and Institute of Hydrology (Great Britain), eds. Community gardens using limited groundwater resources: Development of crystalline basement aquifers in semi-arid areas. Harare: Ministry of Lands Agriculture and Water Development, 1992.

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Nyagwambo, Nyasha Lawrence. Groundwater Recharge Processes and Groundwater Management in a Tropical Crystalline Basement Aquifer : PhD: UNESCO-IHE Institute, Delft. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Wright, Eugene Patrick. The Hydrogeology of Crystalline Basement Aquifers in Africa. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1992.

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Nyagwambo, Nyasha Lawrence. Groundwater Recharge Processes and Groundwater Management in Tropical Crystalline Basement Aquifers. Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Basement aquifer"

1

Sommen, J. J., and W. Geirnaert. "On the Continuity of Aquifer Systems on the Crystalline Basement of Burkina Faso." In Estimation of Natural Groundwater Recharge, 29–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7780-9_3.

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Ismail, Yehia L., Esam El Sayed, and Mohammed A. A. Gomaa. "Preliminary Hydrogeologic Investigations of Nubia Sandstone and fractured Basement Aquifers in the Area between El Shalateen and Halayeb, Eastern Desert, Egypt." In Uranium in the Environment, 619–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28367-6_63.

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Davies, J., J. L. Farr, and N. S. Robins. "Is the Precambrian basement aquifer in Malawi up to the job?" In Assessing and Managing Groundwater in Different Environments, 241–50. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15937-17.

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Adelana, S. "Water pollution by nitrate in a weathered/fractured basement rock aquifer." In Research Basins and Hydrological Planning, 93–98. Taylor & Francis, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439833858.ch12.

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"A low tech approach to evaluating vulnerability to pollution of basement aquifers in sub-Saharan aquifer." In Sustainable Groundwater Resources in Africa, 154–61. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203859452-14.

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Robins, N. "A low tech approach to evaluating vulnerability to pollution of basement aquifers in sub- Saharan aquifer." In Sustainable Groundwater Resources in Africa, 133–40. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203859452-c9.

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Abdulhamid, Adnan, and Aliyu Barau. "Water Crises in Urban-Rural Gradients of African Drylands." In Population Growth and Rapid Urbanization in the Developing World, 23–41. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0187-9.ch002.

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This chapter takes a critical look at the multiple dimensions of water crises in drylands of Sub-Saharan Africa. It argues that urban water crises cannot be explained in isolation of rural areas many of which have competing water needs and are the locations for dams and other critical urban water infrastructure. It uses an example of Kano region – a hydrogeological and geopolitical region of over ten million inhabitants whose lives and livelihoods are vulnerable to climate change. The study draws upon a suite of methods comprising literature review, field-based measurements and observations of wells, as well as information retrieval from people managing wells and those directly affected by water scarcity. Results reveal that basement complex aquifer found mostly in Kano State is the most overexploited compared to Jigawa State's predominantly Chad formation system. It is evident that majority people in basement complex areas travel to a distance of 300-1000m in order to fetch water for their daily use. The current situation of current and future water crises in the region brings to the fore the role of technology, governance, and the need for active private sector participation in planning and management of water resources and services in dry land areas.
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Davies, Jeffrey, Nick Robins, and Colin Cheney. "Similarities in groundwater occurrence in weathered and fractured crystalline basement aquifers in the Channel Islands and in Zimbabwe." In IAH - Selected Papers on Hydrogeology, 47–60. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17016-4.

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"Similarities in groundwater occurrence in weathered and fractured crystalline basement aquifers in the Channel Islands and in Zimbabwe." In Fractured Rock Hydrogeology, 69–82. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17016-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Basement aquifer"

1

Pires, Cássio, Oderson Filho, and Gustavo Athayde. "Qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of magnetic lineaments in the Crystalline Basement Aquifer, Paraná - Brazil." In International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society&Expogef. Brazilian Geophysical Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22564/16cisbgf2019.269.

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Lee, Taehun, Youngho Jang, Hyemin Park, Kun Sang Lee, and Wonmo Sung. "Investigation of Water BT phenomenon in the Fractured Basement Reservoir Contacted with Bottom Water Aquifer." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/146874-ms.

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Adeniran, Margaret, Phebe Olabode, Kennedy Doro, and Michael A. Oladunjoye. "PUMPING AND TRACER TESTS REVEAL LOCAL HYDRAULIC HETEROGENEITY IN A CRYSTALLINE BASEMENT AQUIFER IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-376988.

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Chambers, Cameron, Jamie Mitchell, and Ryan M. Pollyea. "MODELING FLUID PRESSURE PROPAGATION INTO DEEP BASEMENT ROCKS FROM MANAGED AQUIFER RECHARGE: A CASE STUDY OF THE VIRGINIA SWIFT PROJECT." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-358180.

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Petelet-Giraud, Emmanuelle, Nicole Baran, Virginie Vergnaud, Angélie Portal, Caroline Michel, Catherine Joulian, and Flora Lucassou. "Investigating Nitrate heterogeneity in a basement aquifer: A NO3 isotopes, CFCs-SF6, microbiological activity, geophysics and hydrogeology approaches in the critical zone." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.7495.

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Johnson, P. S., V. J. S. Grauch, P. W. Bauer, D. J. Koning, and S. W. Timmons. "INFLUENCE OF BASEMENT STRUCTURE ON SHALLOW AQUIFER GEOCHEMISTRY IN THE RIO GRANDE RIFT, NORTHERN NEW MEXICO &ndash; EXAMPLES FROM THE SANTA FE AND PE&Ntilde;ASCO EMBAYMENTS OF THE ESPA&Ntilde;OLA BASIN." In 2008 New Mexico Geological Society Annual Spring Meeting. Socorro, NM: New Mexico Geological Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/sm-2008.881.

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Sosio, Giovanni, Andreia Mandiuc, Annalisa Campana, Jeanne Vidal, Régis Hehn, and Clément Baujard. "ACQUISITION, ANALYSIS, AND INTEGRATION OF WELLBORE LOGS TO CHARACTERIZE A FRACTURED GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR: THE CASE OF RITTERSHOFFEN, FRANCE." In 2021 SPWLA 62nd Annual Logging Symposium Online. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2021-0054.

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The Exploitation de la Chaleur d’Origine Géothermique pour l’Industrie (ECOGI) site lies in a deep geothermal doublet in Rittershoffen (Alsace, Eastern France), producing heat for an industrial plant. The two wells, GRT-1 and GRT-2, targeted local natural fracture zones in the vicinity of a large normal fault across the Buntsandstein sediments and the granitic basement at a depth of 2,000 m below surface. An extensive measurement campaign was carried out in both wells by means of wireline logging. Pressure and temperature logs, nuclear logs (density and porosity), resistivity logs, dipole sonic logs, and wellbore image logs were acquired in the open hole over the target fractured aquifer and partially across the overburden. These logs were processed and interpreted to build an integrated model of the site, describing its geological properties, notably the fracture network, its dynamic behavior in terms of fluid and heat flow, and its geomechanical properties. Wellbore imaging results from acoustics imagers were interpreted to understand the geometry of the natural fracture network, which acts as the main fluid pathway in the Rittershoffen geothermal system. The results were integrated with temperature logging to understand which fractures were open and therefore cooling down when invaded by the drilling mud. Density and sonic logs were used to derive the mechanical properties of the near-wellbore rock and the stress magnitudes; the interpretation of drilling-induced features in the wellbore images allowed determining the orientation of the local stress acting on the wellbore. The geomechanical model obtained was used to predict the occurrence of mechanical or hydraulic instability along the well and compare the prediction with the events actually observed in the well, providing a validation of the geomechanical model. The results of well-centric fracture and geomechanical analysis were integrated in a 3D reservoir model and used to understand the performance and the risks associated with geothermal operations at the site.
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Ohenhen, Leonard, Micah Mayle, Folarin Kolawole, Ahmed Ismail, and Estella A. Atekwana. "INVESTIGATING GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL IN BASEMENT AQUIFERS USING RESISTIVITY THRESHOLD, CENTRAL MALAWI." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-352195.

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Doro, Kennedy, and Michael A. Oladunjoye. "IMPROVING CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF CRYSTALLINE BASEMENT AQUIFERS USING ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY AND SEISMIC REFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-358981.

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Ali, Hendratta, Manika Prasad, Ahmed Ismail, Njilah Isaac Konfor, Yene Atangana Joseph-Quentin, Oluseun Adetola Sanuade, Henry M. D. Agbogun, Mbida Yem, and Alice Magha. "Probing deeper: On delineating basement features to investigate fractured aquifers in a rural community." In Second International Meeting for Applied Geoscience & Energy. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/image2022-3740653.1.

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