Journal articles: 'Baseline Approaches'

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Dansirikul, Chantaratsamon, Hanna E. Silber, and Mats O. Karlsson. "Approaches to handling pharmacodynamic baseline responses." Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics 35, no. 3 (April 30, 2008): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10928-008-9088-2.

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Kallbekken, Steffen, Line S. Flottorp, and Nathan Rive. "CDM baseline approaches and carbon leakage." Energy Policy 35, no. 8 (August 2007): 4154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2007.02.013.

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Mantegazza, Renato, Andreas Meisel, Joern P. Sieb, Gwendal Le Masson, Claude Desnuelle, and Mirko Essing. "The European LEMS Registry: Baseline Demographics and Treatment Approaches." Neurology and Therapy 4, no. 2 (November 2, 2015): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40120-015-0034-0.

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Zhang, Xiao-Ling, Shun-Ji Huang, and Jian-Guo Wang. "Approaches to estimating terrain height and baseline for interferometric SAR." Electronics Letters 34, no. 25 (1998): 2428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19981475.

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Andrades, Ryan, Tamyris Pegado, Bruno S. Godoy, José Amorim Reis-Filho, Jorge L. S. Nunes, Ana Carolina Grillo, Renan C. Machado, et al. "Anthropogenic litter on Brazilian beaches: Baseline, trends and recommendations for future approaches." Marine Pollution Bulletin 151 (February 2020): 110842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110842.

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Méndez-Fernández, Leire, Maite Martinez-Madrid, Isabel Pardo, and Pilar Rodriguez. "Baseline tissue concentrations of metal in aquatic oligochaetes: Field and laboratory approaches." Environmental Pollution 223 (April 2017): 636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.070.

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Yelland, Jane, Stephanie Brown, and Ann Krastev. "Evaluating Innovations in Maternity Care: Methodological Approaches to a Baseline Postal Survey." Birth 30, no. 3 (September 2003): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-536x.2003.00240.x.

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Chen, Jin, Tony Ro, and Zhigang Zhu. "Emotion Recognition With Audio, Video, EEG, and EMG: A Dataset and Baseline Approaches." IEEE Access 10 (2022): 13229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3146729.

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Mishra, Utkarsh. "Seismic Study of Soil Structure Interaction Modelling Approaches." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38355.

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Abstract: In this paper we study certain modelling techniques by which the concept of soil structure interaction can be simulated in engineering problems and become fruitful for modern construction methods. For practical examination, a baseline model is prepared and put in comparison with an isolated base model which conforms to a rigid bathtub model with spring arrangement. Soil flexibility is taken into consideration during modeling. These modelling techniques are analysed using response spectrum analysis to get the maximum response of seismic parameters like storey forces and spectral acceleration. The study showed that the isolated base model had a superior seismic response and may be used in a variety of engineering applications, such as the design of new infrastructure, such as structures for storing water or other types of sediment, geotechnical modelling. Keywords: Baseline Model, Storey Forces, Spectral Acceleration, Soil Flexibility Rigid Bathtub Model

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Mishra, Utkarsh. "Seismic Study of Soil Structure Interaction Modelling Approaches." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38355.

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Abstract: In this paper we study certain modelling techniques by which the concept of soil structure interaction can be simulated in engineering problems and become fruitful for modern construction methods. For practical examination, a baseline model is prepared and put in comparison with an isolated base model which conforms to a rigid bathtub model with spring arrangement. Soil flexibility is taken into consideration during modeling. These modelling techniques are analysed using response spectrum analysis to get the maximum response of seismic parameters like storey forces and spectral acceleration. The study showed that the isolated base model had a superior seismic response and may be used in a variety of engineering applications, such as the design of new infrastructure, such as structures for storing water or other types of sediment, geotechnical modelling. Keywords: Baseline Model, Storey Forces, Spectral Acceleration, Soil Flexibility Rigid Bathtub Model

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Behrman, Alison. "Segmental and Prosodic Approaches to Accent Management." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 23, no. 4 (November 2014): 546–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_ajslp-13-0074.

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Purpose This study investigated the relative outcomes of segmental and prosodic training of nonnative speakers of American English. Method The study used a single-subject, alternating treatments, multiple baseline design with replication across participants and counterbalanced for order effect. Participants were 4 adult male native Hindi speakers proficient in English. Two participants received ABABCACA (A = baseline/withdrawal, B = segmental training, C = prosody training), and 2 participants received ACACBABA, with a minimum of 5 sessions per phase. Segmental accuracy and prosodic accuracy were probed at each session, as were perception of accentedness and ease of understanding. Results Visual assessment of data and effect size calculation demonstrated that segmental and prosody training resulted in increased accuracy of pronunciation and prosody patterns, respectively, and those improvements appeared to be maintained over the short term. Listeners perceived lesser accent and easier understanding as a result of the combination of segmental and prosody training. The findings are uncertain with respect to the relative contribution of segmental and prosody training, and they may be speaker dependent, but the data do suggest that both components are important. Conclusion Accent management, consisting of both segmental and prosody training, yielded positive outcomes. Further research with native language speakers of other languages is important to verify and expand on these findings.

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Kumar, Ratnesh, Edwin Weill, Farzin Aghdasi, and Parthasarathy Sriram. "A Strong and Efficient Baseline for Vehicle Re-Identification Using Deep Triplet Embedding." Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jaiscr-2020-0003.

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AbstractIn this paper we tackle the problem of vehicle re-identification in a camera network utilizing triplet embeddings. Re-identification is the problem of matching appearances of objects across different cameras. With the proliferation of surveillance cameras enabling smart and safer cities, there is an ever-increasing need to re-identify vehicles across cameras. Typical challenges arising in smart city scenarios include variations of viewpoints, illumination and self occlusions. Most successful approaches for re-identification involve (deep) learning an embedding space such that the vehicles of same identities are projected closer to one another, compared to the vehicles representing different identities. Popular loss functions for learning an embedding (space) include contrastive or triplet loss. In this paper we provide an extensive evaluation of triplet loss applied to vehicle re-identification and demonstrate that using the recently proposed sampling approaches for mining informative data points outperform most of the existing state-of-the-art approaches for vehicle re-identification. Compared to most existing state-of-the-art approaches, our approach is simpler and more straightforward for training utilizing only identity-level annotations, along with one of the smallest published embedding dimensions for efficient inference. Furthermore in this work we introduce a formal evaluation of a triplet sampling variant (batch sample) into the re-identification literature. In addition to the conference version [24], this submission adds extensive experiments on new released datasets, cross domain evaluations and ablation studies.

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Schein, JR, D. Gause, DM Stier, DP Lubeck, MM Bates, and R. Fisk. "Onychomycosis. Baseline results of an observational study." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 87, no. 11 (November 1, 1997): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-87-11-512.

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The investigators present an analysis of baseline quality-of-life and patient-management approaches from an observational study of 150 patients being treated by podiatric physicians and dermatologists for onychomycosis. The majority (73%) made the initial office visit specifically because of their onychomycosis. Both men and women indicated that they had substantial physical discomfort as well as concerns related to appearance. Women reported significantly more problems than did men as a result of their onychomycosis. Physicians reported that 54% of patients suffered from toenail discomfort, 36% had pain while walking, 40% reported that their condition limited wearing of shoes, and 67% were embarrassed by the condition. The results of this study suggest that the treatment approach of podiatric physicians is more likely to address the palliative concerns of patients with onychomycosis, while the approach of dermatologists is more likely to attempt a definitive cure.

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Cottereau, Anne-Ségolène, Michel Meignan, Christophe Nioche, Jérôme Clerc, Loic Chartier, Laetitia Vercellino, Olivier Casasnovas, Catherine Thieblemont, and Irène Buvat. "New Approaches in Characterization of Lesions Dissemination in DLBCL Patients on Baseline PET/CT." Cancers 13, no. 16 (August 8, 2021): 3998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13163998.

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Dissemination, expressed recently by the largest Euclidian distance between lymphoma sites (SDmax), appeared a promising risk factor in DLBCL patients. We investigated alternative distance metrics to characterize the robustness of the dissemination information. In 290 patients from the REMARC trial (NCT01122472), the Euclidean (Euc), Manhattan (Man), and Tchebychev (Tch) distances between the furthest lesions, firstly based on the centroid of each lesion and then directly from the two most distant tumor voxels and the Travelling Salesman Problem distance (TSP) were calculated. For PFS, the areas under the ROC curves were between 0.63 and 0.64, and between 0.62 and 0.65 for OS. Patients with high SDmax whatever the method of calculation or high SD_TSP had a significantly poorer outcome than patients with low SDmax or SD_TSP (p < 0.001 for both PFS and OS), with significance maintained in Ann Arbor advanced-stage patients. In multivariate analysis with total metabolic tumor volume and ECOG, each distance feature had an independent prognostic value for PFS. For OS, only SDmax_Tch, SDmax_Euc _Vox, and SDmax_Man _Vox reached significance. The spread of DLBCL lesions measured by the largest distance between lymphoma sites is a strong independent prognostic factor and could be measured directly from tumor voxels, allowing its development in the area of the deep learning segmentation methods.

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Ferron, John M., Bethany A. Bell, Melinda R. Hess, Gianna Rendina-Gobioff, and Susan T. Hibbard. "Making treatment effect inferences from multiple-baseline data: The utility of multilevel modeling approaches." Behavior Research Methods 41, no. 2 (May 2009): 372–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/brm.41.2.372.

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Detre, Katherine M., Donald Baim, Maurice Buchbinder, Patrice Desvigne-Nickens, Nancy W. Fishman, Tomoaki Hinohara, Elizabeth D. Kennard, et al. "Baseline characteristics and therapeutic goals in the New Approaches to Coronary Intervention (NACI) registry." Coronary Artery Disease 4, no. 11 (November 1993): 1013–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019501-199311000-00010.

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APPEL, LAWRENCE J., WILLIAM M. VOLLMER, EVA OBARZANEK, KATHY M. AICHER, PAUL R. CONLIN, BETTY M. KENNEDY, JEANNE B. CHARLESTON, and PATRICE M. REAMS. "Recruitment and Baseline Characteristics of Participants in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Trial." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 99, no. 8 (August 1999): S69—S75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(99)00419-8.

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Whitsett, Stan F., John W. Robinson, and Kaplan Bonnie J. "A comparison of three approaches for the determination of baseline levels of physiological activity." International Journal of Psychophysiology 5, no. 1 (May 1987): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8760(87)90072-9.

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Shrestha, Ram M., and Rabin Shrestha. "Economics of clean development mechanism power projects under alternative approaches for setting baseline emissions." Energy Policy 32, no. 12 (August 2004): 1363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4215(03)00101-0.

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Jordan, Lisa, Benjamin Watkins, Patrick Biegon, Margaret Mwangi, and Rob Rose. "Practical Approaches to Spatial Estimation of Disaster-Affected Populations." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 1, no. 3 (July 2010): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2010070103.

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When a disaster occurs, the response depends critically on an estimate of the affected population. However, retrieval of crucial statistics can be time consuming, often at the expense of the neediest populations. This article reviews spatial population estimation techniques and datasets that facilitate disaster response and management. The authors conclude that the LandScan population distribution estimates best suit the needs of Population Explorer, an Internet GIS that presents a way to quickly deliver answers to queries about local population and demographic composition to users who may not be formally trained in GIS or demography. By referencing LandScan population distributions, Population Explorer retrieves adjusted, official census population counts, for user-defined point buffers, line buffers, or polygons on a global map. Participants from a variety of agencies, i.e., government and non-government, local and international, can collaborate in updating baseline population estimates with local information that can then be queried with the baseline counts.

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Zhao, Guoliang, Safwat Hassan, Ying Zou, Derek Truong, and Toby Corbin. "Predicting Performance Anomalies in Software Systems at Run-time." ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 30, no. 3 (May 2021): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3440757.

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High performance is a critical factor to achieve and maintain the success of a software system. Performance anomalies represent the performance degradation issues (e.g., slowing down in system response times) of software systems at run-time. Performance anomalies can cause a dramatically negative impact on users’ satisfaction. Prior studies propose different approaches to detect anomalies by analyzing execution logs and resource utilization metrics after the anomalies have happened. However, the prior detection approaches cannot predict the anomalies ahead of time; such limitation causes an inevitable delay in taking corrective actions to prevent performance anomalies from happening. We propose an approach that can predict performance anomalies in software systems and raise anomaly warnings in advance. Our approach uses a Long-Short Term Memory neural network to capture the normal behaviors of a software system. Then, our approach predicts performance anomalies by identifying the early deviations from the captured normal system behaviors. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate our approach using two real-world software systems (i.e., Elasticsearch and Hadoop). We compare the performance of our approach with two baselines. The first baseline is one state-to-the-art baseline called Unsupervised Behavior Learning. The second baseline predicts performance anomalies by checking if the resource utilization exceeds pre-defined thresholds. Our results show that our approach can predict various performance anomalies with high precision (i.e., 97–100%) and recall (i.e., 80–100%), while the baselines achieve 25–97% precision and 93–100% recall. For a range of performance anomalies, our approach can achieve sufficient lead times that vary from 20 to 1,403 s (i.e., 23.4 min). We also demonstrate the ability of our approach to predict the performance anomalies that are caused by real-world performance bugs. For predicting performance anomalies that are caused by real-world performance bugs, our approach achieves 95–100% precision and 87–100% recall, while the baselines achieve 49–83% precision and 100% recall. The obtained results show that our approach outperforms the existing anomaly prediction approaches and is able to predict performance anomalies in real-world systems.

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AlSultan, Dalal, Alex J. Eustace, Stephen F. Madden, and John Crown. "Abstract 2717: Exploring immune contexture using computational approaches in HER2-positive breast cancer." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 2717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2717.

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Abstract Introduction: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have a significant effect on tumor progression and survival outcome, and serve as a potential biomarker for pathologic complete response (pCR) in neoadjuvant HER2-positive breast cancer therapy. The assessment of TIL abundance and organization prior to treatment initiation has been associated with improved survival and response in breast cancer. This study aims to assess immune contexture using in silico approaches in a meta-analysis of neoadjuvant trastuzumab therapy. Methods: A literature search was conducted on baseline and on-treatment mRNA data from neoadjuvant studies that enrolled patients who received HER2-targeted therapies. A total of 322 baseline samples from eight neoadjuvant datasets were retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository (0. Of these studies, two had available on-treatment samples (03-311; n=50, TRIO-US B07 (n=64). The raw data were pre-processed by normalization and background correction using ‘limma’ and ‘oligo’ packages in R. mRNA profiles of baseline and paired samples were analyzed using in silico approaches CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE. Response information was assigned to each sample to observe the proportion of immune cell contexture in pCR and non-responder (NR) groups in baseline analysis. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) analyses on baseline data from CIBERSORT was conducted using the ‘lme4’ package in R to investigate whether a systemic relationship of appropriate immune cell signatures occur across the pooled data. Statistical hypothesis on baseline data was applied to observe differences between pCR and NR groups. Testing on paired data was conducted to observe the differences in immune contexture between baseline and on-treatment. Results: Preliminary results of baseline analysis using CIBERSORT revealed a non-significant trend in reduced follicular helper T-cells and plasma cells in the pCR group amongst three neoadjuvant studies (Brodsky, CHER-LOB and TransNOAH). ESTIMATE analysis observed a trend in elevated immune infiltrate in pCR groups from two studies (Brodsky and CHER-LOB), but was not significant after multiple correction. Paired data analysis using CIBERSORT revealed that single-agent trastuzumab reduced activated natural killer cells (p<0.05) in the 03-311 study, whilst single-agent trastuzumab did not lead to changes in immune contexture in TRIO-US B07. Furthermore, trastuzumab in dual combination with lapatinib increased resting dendritic cells, memory B-cells and stromal cells, and reduced naive B-cells and activated dendritic cells (p<0.05) in TRIO-US. ESTIMATE analysis on paired data observed immune infiltration following trastuzumab alone in 03-311 (p=0.01) and stromal infiltration following dual combination in TRIO-US B07 (p=0.03). Neither immune subset was associated to pCR in all treatment arms of the on-treatment analysis. Citation Format: Dalal AlSultan, Alex J. Eustace, Stephen F. Madden, John Crown. Exploring immune contexture using computational approaches in HER2-positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2717.

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Casale, Courtney, Erika Yamazaki, Tess Brieva, Caroline Antler, and Namni Goel. "117 Comparison of Various Methods to Differentiate Resilience and Vulnerability to Sleep Loss Using Self-Rated Measures." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.116.

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Abstract Introduction There are robust, trait-like individual differences in subjective perceptions in response to sleep restriction (SR) and total sleep deprivation (TSD). How to best define neurobehavioral resilience and vulnerability to sleep loss remains an open question. We compared multiple approaches and cutoff thresholds for defining resilience and vulnerability using scores on the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and the Profile of Mood States Fatigue and Vigor (POMS-F and POMS-V) subscales. Methods Forty-one adults (33.9±8.9y;18 females) participated in a 13-night experiment (two baseline nights [10h-12h time in bed, TIB], 5 SR nights [4h TIB], 4 recovery nights [12h TIB], and 36h TSD). The KSS, POMS-F, and POMS-V were administered every 2h during wakefulness. Resilience and vulnerability were defined by the following: average score during SR1-5, average change from baseline to SR1-5, and variance during SR1-5. Resilient and vulnerable groups were defined by the following cutoffs: the top and bottom 12.5%, 20%, 25%, 33%, 50%, and +/-1 standard deviation. Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapped t-tests compared the scores of resilient and vulnerable groups during baseline and across SR1-5. Kendall’s tau correlations compared the ranking of individuals in each group (tau=0.4:moderate,0.7:strong). Results Resilient and vulnerable groups for POMS-F, as defined by all three approaches, significantly differed in their scores at all cutoffs during SR. However, only raw score and change from baseline approaches defined significantly different resilient and vulnerable groups during SR for KSS, and only raw score and variance approaches defined significantly different groups during SR for POMS-V. Notably, raw scores at baseline significantly differed between resilient and vulnerable groups for all measures. Correlations revealed moderate to strong associations between all three approaches at all cutoffs for POMS-F, between raw score and change from baseline approaches for KSS, and between raw score and variance approaches for POMS-V. Conclusion Defining resilience and vulnerability on self-rated measures by change from baseline was comparable to using raw score for KSS and POMS-F, whereas defining these groups by variance was comparable for POMS-F and POMS-V. Differences across methods may be due to the differential impact of SR on these various distinct subjective states. Support (if any) ONR Award No. N00014-11-1-0361;NIH UL1TR000003;NASA NNX14AN49G and 80NSSC20K0243;NIH R01DK117488

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Hua, Kaiyuan, Sheng Luo, Katherine Hall, Miriam Morey, and Harvey Cohen. "Novel Analytic Approaches to Investigate Minute-Level Actigraphy and Associations With Physical Function." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 194–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.630.

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Abstract Background. Functional decline in conjunction with low levels of physical activity has implications for health risks in older adults. Previous studies have examined the associations between accelerometry-derived activity and physical function, but most of these studies reduced these data into average means of total daily physical activity (e.g., daily step counts). A new method of analysis “functional data analysis” provides more in-depth capability using minute-level accelerometer data. Methods. A secondary analysis of community-dwelling adults ages 30 to 90+ residing in southwest region of North Carolina from the Physical Performance across the Lifespan (PALS) study. PALS assessments were completed in-person at baseline and one-week of accelerometry. Final analysis includes 669 observations at baseline with minute-level accelerometer data from 7:00 to 23:00, after removing non-wear time. A novel scalar-on-function regression analysis was used to explore the associations between baseline physical activity features (minute-by-minute vector magnitude generated from accelerometer) and baseline physical function (gait speed, single leg stance, chair stands, and 6-minute walk test) with control for baseline age, sex, race and body mass index. Results. The functional regressions were significant for specific times of day indicating increased physical activity associated with increased physical function around 8:00, 9:30 and 15:30-17:00 for rapid gait speed; 9:00-10:30 and 15:00-16:30 for normal gait speed; 9:00-10:30 for single leg stance; 9:30-11:30 and 15:00-18:00 for chair stands; 9:00-11:30 and 15:00-18:30 for 6-minute walk. Conclusion. This method of functional data analysis provides news insights into the relationship between minute-by-minute daily activity and health.

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Moser, Ulrich. "Vitamins - Wrong Approaches." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 82, no. 5 (October 1, 2012): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000127.

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Deficiencies of essential nutrients have been responsible for many epidemic outbreaks of deficiency diseases in the past. Large observational studies point at possible links between nutrition and chronic diseases. Low intake of antioxidant vitamins e. g. have been correlated to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases or cancer. The main results of these studies are indications that an intake below the recommendation could be one of the risk factors for chronic diseases. There was hardly any evidence that amounts above the RDA could be of additional benefit. Since observational studies cannot prove causality, the scientific community has been asking for placebo-controlled, randomized intervention trials (RCTs). Thus, the consequences of the epidemiological studies would have been to select volunteers whose baseline vitamin levels were below the recommended values. The hypothesis of the trial should be that correcting this risk factor up to RDA levels lowers the risk of a disease like CVD by 20 - 30 %. However, none of the RCTs of western countries was designed to correct a chronic marginal deficiency, but they rather tested whether an additional supplement on top of the recommended values would be beneficial in reducing a disease risk or its prognosis. It was, therefore, not surprising that the results were disappointing. As a matter of fact, the results confirmed the findings of the observational studies: chronic diseases are the product of several risk factors, among them most probably a chronic vitamin deficiency. Vitamin supplements could only correct the part of the overall risk that is due to the insufficient vitamin intake.

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Cahill, Eli, Brad Hutchings, and Jeffrey Goeders. "Approaches for FPGA Design Assurance." ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems 15, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3491233.

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Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are widely used for custom hardware implementations, including in many security-sensitive industries, such as defense, communications, transportation, medical, and more. Compiling source hardware descriptions to FPGA bitstreams requires the use of complex computer-aided design (CAD) tools. These tools are typically proprietary and closed-source, and it is not possible to easily determine that the produced bitstream is equivalent to the source design. In this work, we present various FPGA design flows that leverage pre-synthesizing or pre-implementing parts of the design, combined with open-source synthesis tools, bitstream-to-netlist tools, and commercial equivalence-checking tools, to verify that a produced hardware design is equivalent to the designer’s source design. We evaluate these different design flows on several benchmark circuits and demonstrate that they are effective at detecting malicious modifications made to the design during compilation. We compare our proposed design flows with baseline commercial design flows and measure the overheads to area and runtime.

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Neziroglu, Fugen, and Jeffrey Neuman. "Three Treatment Approaches for Obsessions." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 4, no. 4 (January 1990): 377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.4.4.377.

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Obsessions are considered more difficult to treat than compulsions because of their intangible and subjective nature and the special problems which they pose for gaining stimulus control. This study applied a single subject design with repeated measures for each of six patients. Exposure to imagery, thought stopping, and rational-emotive therapy (RET) were the independent variables. Three separate treatment phases were employed, which consisted of baseline, intervention, and follow-up. The dependent variables were self-reports of the frequency, intensity and duration of obsessions. For three patients RET appeared to be an effective strategy. For one of the three exposure was effective but further gains were made during RET. Three patients did not respond to any of the treatments. It appears that RET may be effective with obsessional patients who have historically been quite resistant to behavioral treatment. It seems that thought stopping is an ineffective approach and that exposure needs to be investigated further.

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Anas Fouad Ahmed and Mohammed K Al-Obaidi. "A review of ECG signal filtering approaches." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 11, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 093–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2022.11.3.0099.

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An electrocardiogram (ECG) quantifies the electrical activity of the heart to screen for different heart diseases, although it can be impacted by noise. ECG signal filtering is a crucial pre-processing step that reduces noise and emphasizes the characteristic waves in ECG data. In real-world applications, the ECG signal is contaminated by different types of noise. Separating the desired signal from noises produced by artifacts such as muscle noise, power line interference (PLI), baseline wandering (BW), and motion artifacts (MA) is a complicated task. In this paper, a quick review of various ECG signal denoising methods is introduced.

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Dávila de León, Alan, Eduardo Lalla-Ruiz, and Belén Melián-Batista. "Disruption Management Approaches for Berth Scheduling in Bulk Terminals." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (August 31, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8069796.

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Maritime terminals are complex transportation systems sensitive to several sources of uncertainty. An alteration in the baseline planning, as a consequence of one or more disruptive events, can lead terminals to a lower quality of the service provided. Therefore, in a context where a terminal strives to maintain or increase competitiveness, it is necessary to consider the uncertainty in the planning and define actions capable of efficiently and effectively mitigating disruptive events. This paper addresses berthing operations at bulk terminals, considering the arrival and handling times as stochastic variables. Hybrid approaches (i.e., proactive-reactive) are proposed in order to provide the port terminal with robust planning capable of reducing the impact of disruptive events by defining uncertainty-tolerant schedules and reactive actions capable of restoring the performance of the terminal when disruptive events arise. Finally, the solution approaches are evaluated together with and without the incorporation of buffer-time management. The computational results corroborate the effectiveness of integrating proactive and reactive approaches in order to maximize the performance of the terminal and reduce the penalty costs derived from alterations in the baseline schedule, with the consequent increase in the terminal competitiveness.

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Xia, Qingrong, Zhenghua Li, Min Zhang, Meishan Zhang, Guohong Fu, Rui Wang, and Luo Si. "Syntax-Aware Neural Semantic Role Labeling." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 7305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33017305.

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Semantic role labeling (SRL), also known as shallow semantic parsing, is an important yet challenging task in NLP. Motivated by the close correlation between syntactic and semantic structures, traditional discrete-feature-based SRL approaches make heavy use of syntactic features. In contrast, deep-neural-network-based approaches usually encode the input sentence as a word sequence without considering the syntactic structures. In this work, we investigate several previous approaches for encoding syntactic trees, and make a thorough study on whether extra syntax-aware representations are beneficial for neural SRL models. Experiments on the benchmark CoNLL-2005 dataset show that syntax-aware SRL approaches can effectively improve performance over a strong baseline with external word representations from ELMo. With the extra syntax-aware representations, our approaches achieve new state-of-the-art 85.6 F1 (single model) and 86.6 F1 (ensemble) on the test data, outperforming the corresponding strong baselines with ELMo by 0.8 and 1.0, respectively. Detailed error analysis are conducted to gain more insights on the investigated approaches.

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Bellavia, F., L. Morelli, F. Menna, and F. Remondino. "IMAGE ORIENTATION WITH A HYBRID PIPELINE ROBUST TO ROTATIONS AND WIDE-BASELINES." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-2/W1-2022 (February 25, 2022): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-2-w1-2022-73-2022.

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Abstract. The extraction of reliable and repeatable interest points among images is a fundamental step for automatic image orientation (Structure-From-Motion). Despite recent progresses, open issues in challenging conditions - such as wide baselines and strong light variations - are still present. Over the years, traditional hand-crafted methods have been paired by learning-based approaches, progressively updating the state-of-the-art according to recent benchmarks. Notwithstanding these advancements, learning-based methods are often not suitable for real photogrammetric surveys due to their lack of rotation invariance, a fundamental requirement for these specific applications. This paper proposes a novel hybrid image matching pipeline which employs both hand-crafted and deep-based components, to extract reliable rotational invariant keypoints optimized for wide-baseline scenarios. The proposed hybrid pipeline was compared with other hand-crafted and learning-based state-of-the-art approaches on some photogrammetric datasets using metric ground-truth data. Results show that the proposed hybrid matching pipeline has high accuracy and appeared to be the only method among the evaluated ones able to register images in the most challenging wide-baseline scenarios.

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Delzeit, Ruth, Roberto Beach, Ruben Bibas, Wolfgang Britz, Jean Chateau, Florian Freund, Julien Lefevre, et al. "Linking global CGE models with sectoral models to generate baseline scenarios: Approaches, opportunities and pitfalls." Journal of Global Economic Analysis 5, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 162–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/jgea.050105af.

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Rabib, Mohammad, Soikot Sarkar, and Moqsadur Rahman. "Different Machine Learning based Approaches of Baseline and Deep Learning Models for Bengali News Categorization." International Journal of Computer Applications 176, no. 18 (April 15, 2020): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2020920107.

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Mueller, K., J. Atman, and G. F. Trommer. "Combination of Wide Baseline Image Matching and Tracking for Autonomous UAV Approaches to a Window." Giroskopiya i Navigatsiya 27, no. 4 (2019): 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17285/0869-7035.0012.

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Afroz, Zakia, H. Burak Gunay, William O'Brien, Guy Newsham, and Ian Wilton. "An inquiry into the capabilities of baseline building energy modelling approaches to estimate energy savings." Energy and Buildings 244 (August 2021): 111054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111054.

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Mueller, K., J. Atman, and G. F. Trommer. "Combination of Wide Baseline Image Matching and Tracking for Autonomous UAV Approaches to a Window." Gyroscopy and Navigation 10, no. 4 (October 2019): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2075108719040138.

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Visser, T. A. M., M. Ovenden, and N. Wongwai. "Developing approaches for establishing a fisheries baseline: case-study for Xe Bangfai basin (Lao PDR)." Hydroécologie Appliquée 19 (October 30, 2014): 357–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/hydro/2014007.

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Homer, Matt, Jim Ryder, and Jim Donnelly. "The use of national data sets to baseline science education reform: exploring value-added approaches." International Journal of Research & Method in Education 34, no. 3 (November 2011): 309–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1743727x.2011.609544.

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Wu, Wei Liang, Wen Zhong Qu, and Li Xiao. "Closed Crack Detection with Nonlinear Instantaneous Baseline." Key Engineering Materials 577-578 (September 2013): 633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.577-578.633.

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Closed cracks, which stay in contact unless the excitation exceeds a certain threshold, exist as great menace to structures. Since nonlinear response is more sensitive to micro damage than conventional linear approaches, analyzing the nonlinear part of the collected response of structures to an input ultrasonic excitation is more promising in damage detection. In this paper, in order to image the location of a closed crack, an instantaneous baseline measurement is adopted and the nonlinear response is extracted by using scaling subtraction method. A three-dimensional finite element model of a plate with a closed crack is developed and the behavior of the closed crack is simulated with nonlinear springs at the crack interfaces. A network of actuators and sensors which constitutes of two arrays of surface-bonded piezoelectric transducers is built. The instantaneous baselines of each path are collected when the model is excited with low amplitude excitation. To diagnose the closed crack, a higher amplitude excitation over the threshold is applied to the model and the response signals of each path are recorded. The result shows that the differences caused by the crack can be observed from the scaling subtraction of these two recorded responses and the location of closed crack can be accurately imaged.

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Zhang, Xiaohong, Mingkui Wu, and Wanke Liu. "Receiver Time Misalignment Correction for GPS-based Attitude Determination." Journal of Navigation 68, no. 4 (February 5, 2015): 646–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463315000053.

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A prerequisite for a Global Positioning System (GPS) attitude determination is to calculate baselines between antennae with accuracy at the millimetre level simultaneously. However, in order to have a low cost attitude determination system, a set of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) receivers with separate clocks are used. In this case, if the receiver clocks are not precisely synchronized, the baseline vector between antennae will be calculated from the GPS signals received at different times. This can be a significant error source for high-kinematic applications. In this paper, two equivalent and effective approaches are developed to compensate this significant bias for baseline estimation and attitude determination. Test results using real airborne GPS data demonstrate that the receiver time misalignment between the two receivers can result in a 5 cm baseline offset for an aircraft with a 50 m/s velocity; the corresponding attitude errors can reach about 0·50° in yaw and 0·10° in pitch respectively for the attitude determination system with a baseline length of 3·79 m. With the proposed methods, these errors can be effectively eliminated.

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Dearden, Kirk, Generose Mulokozi, Mary Linehan, Dennis Cherian, Scott Torres, Joshua West, Benjamin Crookston, and Cougar Hall. "The Impact of a Large-Scale Social and Behavior Change Communication Intervention in the Lake Zone Region of Tanzania on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Stunting Prevention." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021214.

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Background: Large-scale social and behavioral change communication (SBCC) approaches can be beneficial to achieve improvements in knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). Addressing Stunting in Tanzania Early (ASTUTE) included a significant SBCC component and targeted precursors to stunting including KAP related to maternal and child health, antenatal care, WASH, childhood development, and male involvement. METHODS: Baseline, midline, and endline surveys were conducted for a total of 14,996 female caregivers and 6726 male heads of household in the Lake Zone region of Tanzania. Regression analyses were used to estimate differences in KAP from baseline to midline and endline. Results: Women’s knowledge of handwashing and infant/child feeding practices, and attitudes related to male involvement, consistently improved from baseline to midline and baseline to endline. Women’s practices related to antenatal care, breastfeeding, and early child development improved from baseline to midline and baseline to endline. Improvements in KAP among male heads of household were varied across indicators with consistent improvement in practices related to child feeding practices from baseline to midline and baseline to endline. Conclusion: Many changes in KAP were observed from baseline to midline and baseline to endline and corresponded with SBCC programming in the region. These results provide support for the value of large SBCC interventions. Public health efforts in settings such as Tanzania may benefit from adopting these approaches.

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Gurvits, L. I., K. I. Kellermann, and S. Frey. "Measuring Cosmological Parameters with Very Long Baseline Interferometry." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 183 (1999): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900132127.

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Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) allows us to study a core of AGN with a sub-parsec resolution. We analyze the dependencies “apparent angular size – redshift” and “apparent motion – redshift” which contain an imprint of the source's properties and cosmology. We present data on the “angular size – redshift” relation obtained with VLBI at 5 GHz on a sample of 300 AGN distributed over the widest available range of redshifts 0.016 ≤ z ≤ 4.5. The sample exceeds those used in similar studies earlier by Kellermann (1993, 79 sources) and Wilkinson et al. (1997, 160 sources). Unlike extended source, the angular size-redshift for compact radio sources appears consistent with the predictions of standard Friedmann world models with qo ≃ 0.5 without taking into account evolutionary effects or selection effects due to a “linear size – luminosity” or “linear size – spectral index” dependences. We discuss different approaches allowing us to disentangle intrinsic evolutionary properties of sources and parameters of the cosmological model. Recent estimates of parameters of the cosmological model are given. We also discuss a perspective of conclusive cosmological tests using the VLBI technique.

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Jeong, Su Young, Wook Kim, Byung Hyun Byun, Chang-Bae Kong, Won Seok Song, Ilhan Lim, Sang Moo Lim, and Sang-Keun Woo. "Prediction of Chemotherapy Response of Osteosarcoma Using Baseline 18F-FDG Textural Features Machine Learning Approaches with PCA." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2019 (July 24, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3515080.

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Purpose. Patients with high-grade osteosarcoma undergo several chemotherapy cycles before surgical intervention. Response to chemotherapy, however, is affected by intratumor heterogeneity. In this study, we assessed the ability of a machine learning approach using baseline 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emitted tomography (PET) textural features to predict response to chemotherapy in osteosarcoma patients. Materials and Methods. This study included 70 osteosarcoma patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Quantitative characteristics of the tumors were evaluated by standard uptake value (SUV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and metabolic tumor volume (MTV). Tumor heterogeneity was evaluated using textural analysis of 18F-FDG PET scan images. Assessments were performed at baseline and after chemotherapy using 18F-FDG PET; 18F-FDG textural features were evaluated using the Chang-Gung Image Texture Analysis toolbox. To predict the chemotherapy response, several features were chosen using the principal component analysis (PCA) feature selection method. Machine learning was performed using linear support vector machine (SVM), random forest, and gradient boost methods. The ability to predict chemotherapy response was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results. AUCs of the baseline 18F-FDG features SUVmax, TLG, MTV, 1st entropy, and gray level co-occurrence matrix entropy were 0.553, 0538, 0.536, 0.538, and 0.543, respectively. However, AUCs of the machine learning features linear SVM, random forest, and gradient boost were 0.72, 0.78, and 0.82, respectively. Conclusion. We found that a machine learning approach based on 18F-FDG textural features could predict the chemotherapy response using baseline PET images. This early prediction of the chemotherapy response may aid in determining treatment plans for osteosarcoma patients.

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Ferron, John M., Jennie L. Farmer, and Corina M. Owens. "Estimating individual treatment effects from multiple-baseline data: A Monte Carlo study of multilevel-modeling approaches." Behavior Research Methods 42, no. 4 (November 2010): 930–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/brm.42.4.930.

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WEXLER, DEBORAH J., HEIDI KRAUSE-STEINRAUF, ALEXANDER KUHN, JILL P. CRANDALL, HERMES FLOREZ, CHANTAL UNDERKOFLER, SOPHIA H. HOX, MICHAEL C. BACKMAN, and VANITA ARODA. "Baseline Characteristics of Participants in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes—A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE)." Diabetes 67, Supplement 1 (May 2018): 1182—P. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db18-1182-p.

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HAGGERTY, PATRICIA A., MANWELA N. MANUNEBO, ANN ASHWORTH, KALENGAIE MULADI, and BETTY R. KIRKWOOD. "Methodological Approaches in a Baseline Study of Diarrhoeal Morbidity in Weaning-Age Children in Rural Zaire." International Journal of Epidemiology 23, no. 5 (1994): 1040–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/23.5.1040.

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Raye, Lee. "Robert Sibbald's Scotia Illustrata (1684): A faunal baseline for Britain." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 72, no. 3 (April 11, 2018): 383–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0042.

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This paper examines a pre-industrial Scottish natural history text by Robert Sibbald called Scotia Illustrata (Edinburgh, 1684), which is significant for two reasons: (i) it is based on data submitted by correspondents from across Scotland, and (ii) it only includes biological species attested to be present by witnesses or found in previous historical accounts of the country. These facts allow us to adopt a unique methodology: After its introduction, this paper approaches the text as a potential source of biodiversity information, and extracts data on the presence/absence of fauna in the seventeenth century. The extracted species are identified (as far as possible) to species level, and then the gathered information is used as a baseline to discuss later losses from the biodiversity of Scotland during the industrial period.

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Pilia, N. A., G. Lenis, A. Loewe, W. H. W. Schulze, and O. Dössel. "The impact of baseline wander removal techniques on the ST segment in simulated ischemic 12-lead ECGs." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2015-0025.

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AbstractBaseline wander removal is one important part of electrocardiogram (ECG) filtering. This can be achieved by many different approaches. This work investigates the influence of three different baseline wander removal techniques on ST changes. The chosen filters were phase-free Butterworth filtering, median filtering and baseline correction with cubic spline interpolation. 289 simulated ECGs containing ischemia were used to determine the influence of these filtering processes on the ST segment. Synthetic baseline wander and offsets were added to the simulated signals. All methods proved to be good approaches by removing most of the baseline wander in all signals. Correlation coefficients between the original signals and the filtered signals were greater than 0.93 for all ECGs. Cubic spline interpolation performed best regarding the preservation of the ST segment amplitude change when compared to the original signal. The approach modified the ST segment by 0.10 mV±0.06 mV at elevated K points. Median filtering introduced a variation of 0.33 mV±0.29 mV, Butterworth filtering reached 0.16 mV±0.14 mV at elevated K points. Thus, all methods manipulate the ST segment.

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D. Bushuyev, Sergey, and Reinhard Friedrich Wagner. "IPMA Delta and IPMA Organisational Competence Baseline (OCB)." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-10-2013-0049.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the concepts of two new approaches offered by IPMA through its internationally widespread member associations: IPMA Delta® for assessing and developing project management maturity and the IPMA Organisational Competence Baseline (OCB), acting as reference model for IPMA Delta. In addition to this description, a case study reveals insights in the usage of IPMA Delta and the benefits realized through such a holistic assessment of project management maturity. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the form of a conceptual paper and a case study. Findings – IPMA Delta is a holistic assessment of the organisational competence in managing projects. Three modules are used to assess the competence of selected individuals, the application of project management in selected projects and the organisation's approach of managing projects. Through the assessment, an organisation gets insights in regard to the current maturity and the Delta to a desired target state. Recommendations drive the continuous development of organisational competences in managing projects, which is shown in the case of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. This case study also reveals insights in the benefits realized through such a holistic maturity assessment. Originality/value – This conceptual paper builds on organisational competence in managing projects, a new concept in the world of maturity models offering a holistic view beyond processes.

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Luo, Hao, Wenxuan Xie, Xinggang Wang, and Wenjun Zeng. "Detect or Track: Towards Cost-Effective Video Object Detection/Tracking." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 8803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33018803.

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State-of-the-art object detectors and trackers are developing fast. Trackers are in general more efficient than detectors but bear the risk of drifting. A question is hence raised – how to improve the accuracy of video object detection/tracking by utilizing the existing detectors and trackers within a given time budget? A baseline is frame skipping – detecting every N-th frames and tracking for the frames in between. This baseline, however, is suboptimal since the detection frequency should depend on the tracking quality. To this end, we propose a scheduler network, which determines to detect or track at a certain frame, as a generalization of Siamese trackers. Although being light-weight and simple in structure, the scheduler network is more effective than the frame skipping baselines and flow-based approaches, as validated on ImageNet VID dataset in video object detection/tracking.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Baseline Approaches'

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