Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Basel III capital reforms'
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Kutová, Nikola. "Řízení rizik s ohledem na Basel II a Basel III." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-136262.
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The aim of my thesis is to evaluate the risk management system of Czech banks according to the Basel II rules. In my thesis I also deal with the ability of the Czech banking system to accept new Basel III rules. The first part of my thesis focuses on definition of risks and methods of risk management according to Basel rules. They discuss diferent risks that they fall within activity to the rules on the capital adequacy of the bank. The second part of thesis focuses on characteristics of Basel II and III and how the rules are implemented to the law of the EU and then to the law of Czech Republic. Part of the second part is also shortages of Basel II. On this shortage, Basel Committee on banking supervision responded to introduce new accord Basel III. In the final part, both of part is connected on the samples of three banks. After analysis, the thesis rates readiness Czech banks on the new capital accord and new risk management. The thesis summarizes readiness of the Czech banking system on the Basel III rules.
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Karaca, Deniz, and Mohsen Ghaderi. "Regelverket Basel : Övergången från Basel II till Basel III utifrån bankernas perspektiv." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-26748.
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Research issue: The transition from Basel II to Basel III becomes consuming for banks, financially. But Basel III should be profitably for financial market economy. Risks in the financial world is very complex. Is Basel III is sufficient to manage risk and future crises Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the application of Basel II and the transition to Basel III in Sweden with the banking system in focus. Method: The study has a qualitative research methodology for the collection of empirical data. The study is based on interviews with four large banks of Sweden (Swedbank, SEB, Nordea, Handelsbanken) and with Finansinspektionen. We also used previous studies, books and rapports. Conclusions: Basel has no direct connection to the profitability of the banks. The translation to Basel III was an obvious step for a more stable financial market. With Basel III it became more expensive for the banks; the more cost the less returns and hence led dividends for shareholders. But the banks will not bear the costs themselves, the costumers will get affected. Banks have begun to adapt to Basel III. There are requirements to save equity immediately not only in crisis. Which leads to the return is not likely to be lowered at bad times.
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Johansson, Emilia. "Basel III : A study of Basel III and whether it may protect against new banking failures." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18506.
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The financial crisis of 2007 until today affected the banking industry to a large extent. Many banks failed or got bailed out by governments. To protect against banking failures and new financial crises the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) has reviewed, renewed and extended the banking regulations. The result is a framework for banking regulations called Basel III. This study examines the Basel III framework and its potential effect on protecting the banks. The study answers the question: if Basel III may protect against new banking failures. The study has used a qualitative approach. The theoretical framework has been built up by the use of the literature review. Literature has mainly been found by use of the university library’s online databases. For the empirical results interviews were made with banks and supervisors from Sweden and from Finland to see their view on the emerging framework. The views of supervisors and banks are that Basel III should have tougher requirements than it now has. The capital requirements are seen as too low and the risk-weights are criticized not to reflect the reality. Supervisors are still positive and believe that Basel III will give a better protection, but it will not fully protect against failures. Banks have a similar view, some are positive and believe that it will give a better protection while others do not think it will protect against failures any better.
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Turjaková, Anna. "Analýza nových princípov regulácie Basel III." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150059.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse the development of the regulatory framework and its current state according to the latest Basel III framework. The new rules were created as a response to the financial crisis that started in 2007. The framework represents significant increase in quality, amount and transparency of the capital base in comparison with the pre-crisis situation. Basel III has both micro and macroprudential focus. The diploma thesis describes the development and shortcomings of regulatory framework that necessitated revisions of the regulatory rules over time. These rules evolve with the changes in the financial system and the way how financial risks are managed. Although the roots of financial crisis are related to the mortgage-backed securities market, the banking sector played an important role in spreading the problems. Therefore the diploma thesis will also concentrate on fundamental flaws that contributed to the financial crisis. Then the immediate corrective action taken as a response to the financial crisis are described. After that, the Basel III rules are presented in detail. The newest monitoring of the rules carried out by the Basel Committe and cost analysis carried out by IMF including evaluation based on various analyses of Basel III are presented. Basel III has addressed most of the flaws revealed in Basel II. However, some issues still remain unsolved, which can lead to future problems with the financial system stability.
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KLEFVENBERG, LOUISE, and MADELEINE MANNEHED. "Basel III - Evidence from Sweden Possible implications of Basel III on capital structure of companies in the Industrial Goodssector." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-224868.
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Kubíček, Antonín. "Basel II vs. Basel III a vliv nové regulace na české bankovnictví." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-116267.
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The aims of this thesis are twofold. Firstly, it aims to analyse the new regulatory rules BASEL III, published in December 2010. These were created as a lesson from the previous crisis and following the developments occurring problem areas included in the regulatory rules Basel II. And secondly, it evaluates their impact on the Czech Banking Sector. Regulatory rules BASEL III contain large number of rules aimed at enhancing the quality, quantity and flexibility of regulatory equity capital, reducing the cyclicality of capital requirements, stricter capital requirements for certain risky assets, intensifying surveillance in terms of significantly important financial institutions and international standards of liquidity. Apart from adjustment of the rules that appear in the Basel II, the regulatory rules Basel III also include rules used for the first time. The analysis of the impact on the Czech banking sector is based on the assumption that the Czech banking sector is well equipped with capital and the impact of BASEL III will therefore not have any significant impact on the functioning of Czech banks. This thesis shows that the impacts depend on the size of the banking institutions. A selected sample of six Czech banks (two from each group of large, medium and small banks) is used, inter alia, to demonstrate this.
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Hercíková, Alena. "Basel III a jeho dopady na bankovní sektor." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150093.
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The following pages of my master thesis aim to acquaint the reader with the major changes brought about by Basel III banking regulation. This new regulatory framework was created in response to the financial crisis (beginning in 2007), which revealed some weaknesses in the original Basel II regulation, and its purpose is to prevent future similar situations in the financial market by increasing the stability and resilience of the banking sector. Impacts of Basel III are reflected primarily in increased demand for quality capital used by banks and maintaining sufficient liquidity. As shown by the results of the analysis, these factors have further effect on interest spread of banks and the real economy.
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Růžička, Jan. "Analýza současného stavu mezinárodní bankovní regulace a její výhled do budoucna - od Basel I po Basel III." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81902.
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The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyze the evolution of banking regulation from the turn of the 19th and 20th century with regard to the introduction of global standards of regulation and supervision. Great emphasis was placed on the status and functionality of the current regulation and also on its future shape as Basel III rules. In the theoretical part Basel I and Basel II projects are presented. The first of these is the concept from 1987 (Basel I) with the emphasis on greater stability and reliability of the international banking system. Basel I, however, represented a very simple and straightforward form of regulation, where the only monitored standard is bank's credit exposure. The amendment to Basel I and primarily Basel II, introduced a pillar regulation structure, which is still valid and provides national regulator a sufficient power to carry out its activities. The second, practical part of the thesis is devoted to current development and problems of banking regulation. This part introducing Basel III represents not only the key point of the gradual increase in the amount of regulatory capital until 2019, but also the introduction of uniform standards for measuring liquidity and strengthening the supervisory powers.
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Havlíček, Radek. "Vliv Basel III na řízení rizik v bankách." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264647.
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The diploma thesis focuses on the regulatory framework of the BASEL III in coherence with risk management and measurement of market and credit risks. The accent is focused upon methodology of calculation and determination of the capital requirements of above mentioned risks. In the introductory part of the thesis are mentioned basic procedures regarding risk management as well as theoretical methodology and development of calculation of the capital requirements in coherence with current standard BASEL III. In the practical part of the thesis are presented capital management policies with regards to BASEL III in Deutsche Bank AG, globally presented institution and Komerční banka, a.s., operating on the Czech market. Accented are mainly the expositions of the institutions and the size of the capital required by the regulatory framework.
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Vávrová, Jitka. "Dopady implementace Basel III na poskytování úvěrů v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124857.
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This thesis shows the changes the new Basel III banking regulation from the original Basel II regulation in Czech and European legislation. The next section brings the results of foreign studies concerning the effect of changes in spreads on lending rates, gross domestic product and unemployment. These studies are based on various input data and assumptions. The practical part analyzes three selected Czech banks through scenarios and identifies possible impact of the new regulation in lending rates in 2012 - 2019th.
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Muller, Grant Envar. "Optimal asset allocation and capital adequacy management strategies for Basel III compliant banks." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4755.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDIn this thesis we study a range of related commercial banking problems in discrete and continuous time settings. The first problem is about a capital allocation strategy that optimizes the expected future value of a commercial bank’s total non-risk-weighted assets (TNRWAs) in terms of terminal time utility maximization. This entails finding optimal amounts of Total capital for investment in different bank assets. Based on the optimal capital allocation strategy derived for the first problem, we derive stochastic models for respectively the bank’s capital adequacy and liquidity ratios in the second and third problems. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) introduced these ratios in an attempt to improve the regulation of the international banking industry in terms of capital adequacy and liquidity management. As a fourth problem we derive a multi-period deposit insurance pricing model which incorporates the optimal capital allocation strategy, the BCBS’ latest capital standard, capital forbearance and moral hazard. In the fifth and final problem we show how the values of LIBOR-in-arrears and vanilla interest rate swaps, typically used by commercial banks and other financial institutions to reduce risk, can be derived under a specialized version of the affine interest rate model originally considered by the bank in question. More specifically, in the first problem we assume that the bank invests its Total capital in a stochastic interest rate financial market consisting of three assets, viz., a treasury security, a marketable security and a loan. We assume that the interest rate in the market is described by an affine model, and that the value of the loan follows a jump-diffusion process. We wish to find the optimal capital allocation strategy that maximizes an expected logarithmic utility of the bank’s TNRWAs at a future date. Generally, analytical solutions to stochastic optimal control problems in the jump setting are very difficult to obtain. We propose an approximation method that exploits a similarity between the forms of the control problems of the jump-diffusion model and the diffusion model obtained by removing the jump. With the jump assumed sufficiently small, the analytical solution of the diffusion model then serves as a proxy to the solution of the control problem with the jump. In the second problem we construct models for the bank’s capital adequacy ratios in terms of the proxy. We present numerical simulations to characterize the behaviour of the capital adequacy ratios. Furthermore, in this chapter, we consider the approximate optimal capital allocation strategy subject to a constant Leverage Ratio, which is a specific non-risk-based capital adequacy ratio, at the minimum prescribed level. We derive a formula for the bank’s TNRWAs at constant (minimum) Leverage Ratio value and present numerical simulations based on the modified TNRWAs formula. In the third problem we model the bank’s liquidity ratios and we monitor the levels of the liquidity ratios under the proxy numerically. In the fourth problem we derive a multi-period deposit insurance pricing model, the latest capital standard a la Basel III, capital forbearance and moral hazard behaviour. The deposit insurance pricing method utilizes an asset value reset rule comparable to the typical practice of insolvency resolution by insuring agencies. We perform numerical computations with our model to study its implications. In the final problem, we specialize the affine interest rate model considered previously to the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) interest rate dynamic. We consider fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps under the CIR model. We show how analytical expressions for the values of both a LIBOR-in-arrears swap and a vanilla swap can be derived using a Green’s function approach. We employ Monte Carlo simulation methods to compute the values of the swaps for different scenarios. We wish to make explicit the contributions of this project to the literature. A research article titled “An Optimal Portfolio and Capital Management Strategy for Basel III Compliant Commercial Banks” by Grant E. Muller and Peter J. Witbooi [1] has been published in an accredited scientific journal. In the aforementioned paper we solve an optimal capital allocation problem for diffusion banking models. We propose using the solution of the Brownian motions control problem of [1] as the proxy in problems two to four of this thesis. Furthermore, we wish to note that the methodology employed on the final problem of this study is actually from the paper [2] of Mallier and Alobaidi. In the paper [2] the authors did not present simulation studies to characterize their pricing models. We contribute a simulation study in which the values of the swaps are computed via Monte Carlo simulation methods.
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He, Wentao. "Credit market under the risk-based capital requirement." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648831.
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Matejašák, Milan. "Basel III Impact on Czech Banks and Effectivity of Capital Ratios to Predict Bank Distress." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201124.
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The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of Basel III on Czech banks and to compare the effectiveness of capital ratios in predicting bank distress. After a short introduction, in the second chapter we estimate the impact of tightened Basel III capital regulation on lending spreads in the Czech banking sector. In this chapter we conclude that the tightened capital regulation will not lead to more expensive borrowing in the Czech Republic mainly because the banking sector has been well-capitalized. In the third chapter we identify the strategies that Czech banks adopted in order to significantly increase their capital ratios between 2009 and 2013. Our analysis shows that retained earnings have played a major role in increasing the average capital adequacy of Czech banks. In addition, the Czech banks have decreased their average asset risk to further strengthen the overall capital adequacy ratio. In the last chapter, using a dataset on bank distress in European banks during 2008-2012, we compare the performance of risk-weighted capital ratios and simple leverage capital ratios to predict bank distress. Our results suggest that simple leverage ratios can perform better than complex risk-weighted capital ratios when predicting bank distress. While such a finding is not conclusive, it suggests that more complex risk modeling does not always mean better risk modeling.
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Persson, Philip, and Emil Fredin. "Basel III : En studie om hur banker och dess kunder påverkas avdet nya regelverket." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-333993.
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I ett försök att förhindra framtida bankkriser och göra banker stabilare mot svängningar i ekonomin upprättade Baselkommittén 1993 ett regelverk som kom att benämnas Basel-1. Bankerna skulle bli stabilare genom att stärka kapitaltäckningsreglerna. Dessa regler lyckades inte uppnå sitt syfte och regelverket ansågs otillräckligt. Nya regler utformades och Baselkommittén arbetade fram ett åtstramat regelverk, Basel-2. Den finansiella krisen 2008 visade dock att även Basel-2 regelverket var otillräckligt. Med anledning av detta så har nu Baselkommittén arbetat fram, nya, mer åtstramade regler med högre kapitalkrav för banker som kommer att införas med start 2013 och som kallas Basel-3. För att få en förståelse för hur Basel-3 kan komma att påverka bankerna och några av dess intressenter har två problemformuleringar tagits fram. Hur tror bankkontorschefer att banker kommer att påverkas av det nya regelverket Basel-3? Hur tror bankkontorschefer att deras kunder kommer att påverkas av det nya regelverket Basel-3? Studien har avgränsat sig till banker på Gotland och intervjuer är gjorda med kontorschefer på Handelsbanken, Nordea och Swedbank. Detta för att få svar på hur de tror att regelverket kan komma att påverka bankerna och deras kunder. Vi har använt oss av noggrant utvalda frågor och skapat ett frågeformulär som besvarats av respondenterna. I teoridelen presenteras intressentmodellen för att få en ökad förståelse för vilka intressenter som kan beröras av en organisations förändringar. Den intressent vi tittar närmare på är framförallt bankens kunder. Teori om Baselregelverken baseras i huvudsak på rapporter och artiklar från Sveriges Riksbank, Finansinspektionen och Basels respektive hemsidor. Undersökningen visar att regelverket Basel-3 kommer påverka bankerna och deras kunder på flera sätt. De högre kapitalkraven samt de nya likviditetsreglerna innebär att bankerna måste skaffa mer kvalitativt kapital för att kunna stå emot negativa förändringar i ekonomin. Detta kräver att bankerna måste förändra sina risksystem vilket leder till höga kostnader. Respondenterna tror att dessa kostnader framförallt kommer att läggas på kunderna genom högre räntor. De tror även att regelverket Basel- 3 kommer att påverka de mindre bra kunderna genom att det blir svårare för dessa att få lån.To prevent the emergence of bank crises and to help banks resist turbulent economy, the Basel Committee created a regulation framework. This framework was introduced in 1993 and was called Basel-1. During the years this framework has been changed to suite new situations. The latest change was done after the financial crises in 2008 and is going to be implemented in 2013. This, latest edition is called Basel-3 and includes among other things a strong capital requirement. Before the implementation of Basel-3 many questions has come to light. To answer some of these, two problem formulations have been created in this thesis. How do the bank office managers think that they will be affected by the new regulations of Basel-3? How do the bank office managers think that their customers will be affected by the new regulations of Basel-3? To seek the answers to these questions, three bank directors have answered quite many questions in interviews and by e-mail. These answers have been formed and put together to get an idea of what they think will happen when the new regulations of Basel-3 will be implemented. When analyzing these answers the authors have found out that both the banks and their customers probably and already have been affected by these new regulations in quite many ways.
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Černý, Tomáš. "Basel III proticyklická opatření a jejich potencionální dopad na české banky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192337.
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This diploma thesis deals with countercyclical measures of Basel III which will come into force in future. Thesis outlines the issue of cyclical effects which appeared in connection with application of Basel II and provides basic information about new treatment of this issue in Basel III. Further the thesis discusses preparedness of the czech banking sector for the introduction of countercyclical buffers and possibility of Tier I capital formation which should be the main part of the new bank capital adequacy including the capital buffers in future. Subsequently this thesis informs about conditions of using the countercyclical buffers and examines possible appropriate timing for their application. In the other parts of the thesis three selected foreign banking sectors and czech banking sector are examinated with the main focus on their weak spots and their possible development in the case of application of Basel III before the beginning of the world economic crisis in 2007 . In the end the stability of the czech banking sector is examined in detail by using the crisis scenarios and also the impact of application of Basel III before 2007 is discussed.
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Edvardsson, Lars, and Calle Nordlander. "Increased regulation and higher capital requirements : The profitability of US banks during implementation of Basel III." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-166182.
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Since the financial crisis in -08 there has been a need in regulating banks and their behavior. After a while, the Basel committee took action and started to work on the third version of the Basel framework, forcing banks to maintain higher equity and to be prepared for fast drops in liquidity on the market. The banking industry quickly responded that this could create costs over the global economic market. The argument came from the idea that debt is generally cheaper to hold compared to equity. They also expected the lending growth to decrease since the economy declined, which in turn would lead to a lower net interest margin and loss of profit. There has been theory that supports their claim, but it is still lack of empirical evidence. Therefore, a need for statistical proof of what will happen to banks when regulation is increased. Based on the background, the study is aiming to answer the research question: “What effects has the increased requirements (capital ratios, restructuring of capital) ofthe ongoing implementation ofBasel III had on US Banks’ cost of capital, lending growth and net interest margin?” Through several regression models tested, a quantitative study was performed which found that the increased requirements of capital and capital restructuring does not affect US banks’ lending growth. Although, the capital restrains did affect banks’ cost of capital negatively as it decreased and their net interest margin as it also decreased. The cost of capital analysis showed that there must be two counteracting forces that affects the variable, where the largest one decides which way it goes. The first one is that it should increase due to more expensive financing, and the other that banks become less risky for investors to invest in. This leading to the banks’ profitability not being as threatened as one might believe. Contributions that the study brought are showing regulators that it is a necessity to be careful when implementing new regulation, as banks might lose some of their profit from the action which could be damaging for them. It also made sure that one must not discount for the effect of reduced systematic risk, and the gain that comes from it. In the end, developing of new regulation comes down to one thing; to make our economic society safer.
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Bartůsek, Michal. "A STUDY ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF NEW REGULATORY PROPOSALS ON CYCLICALITY OF CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS: THE CASE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150306.
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This work focuses on new regulatory proposals, primarily Basel III accords and analyzes its ability to create a buffer for recurrent credit bubbles. This paper follows a research made by Lis, Pagés and Saurina [2000]. Their paper has illustrated the cyclicality of loan growth and GDP growth for Spain. This cyclicality is supported by cyclical Basel II regulation. In this paper is examined the ability of new regulatory proposals such as Basel III, statistical provisions and change in the approach to the probability of default, to cope with recurrent credit bubbles. According to my critical assessment, Basel III may not be able to create sufficient capital buffer for exceptional credit bubbles such as the current one. This buffer suggested by Basel III has several drawbacks which may decrease its functionality. Statistical provision is not an appropriate measure either, because it could weaken the fair and true view of financial statements principle. Change in approach to probability of default seems to be rational and effective. The only issue may relate to its recovery mechanisms. It doesn't support economic growth in time of economic recession. The author's proposal of new countercyclical buffer, which would be based on credit-to-GDP ratio and GDP growth to loan growth gap is introduced at the end of this work. Although this measure may have negative impact on GDP growth, it may create an appropriate buffer to systematic credit risk.
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Delaney, Brian R. "An Event Study Analysis of American Bank Holding Company Equity Returns upon Basel III Announcement." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1402.
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This study examines the trading activity of a large cross section of American bank holding companies upon various sub-events associated with the introduction of Basel III. An event study methodology was applied to various sub-composite portfolios, as determined by regulatory capitalization and leverage ratios. The results suggest that statically significant abnormal negative returns occurred on the announcement to negotiate due to heightened regulatory uncertainty, especially amongst the least capitalized and highest leveraged banks. However, this effect is complemented by statically significant positive returns upon the release of the initial guidelines. Reactions to subsequent events report to be less significant.
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Stattin, John. "Costs and benefits of increased regulation : Empirical evidence on effects of Basel III capital ratios on Scandinavian banks." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149463.
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Ever since the financial crisis, there have been calls for increased regulation of the banking industry. The Basel Accord took immediate action and introduced the third version of their Basel framework shortly after the crisis hit, increasing demands on bank capital and liquidity. The banking industry responded with a report claiming that the costs of the Basel III regulation would be high. This as banks would face increased cost of capital due to them being required to hold more expensive capital, as opposed to cheaper debt. This increase in the cost of capital would end up on the lenders bill as banks increase their lending spreads, eventually resulting in a reduction of economywide lending growth, a mechanism that later has been supported by several studies. While the theoretical impact of regulation has been widely discussed, little work has been done on an empirical level. There is thus a need for empirical evidence on what happens to banks following increased regulatory standards.Given this background, the study aims to answer the following question:“What effects have the increased capital ratios of Basel III had on Swedish, Danish and Finnish banks’ lending growth, cost of capital and default risk?”Through a quantitative study using paired T-tests as well as regression analysis, the study finds that increased capital ratios does indeed lead to lower lending growth. The extent to which is however smaller than anticipated by most other studies. Increased capital ratios were also shown to have a positive effect on banks in that it reduced their cost of capital. This shows that there are two counteracting forces on banks cost of capital following increases in capital ratios. One where cost of capital increases due to increased cost of financing, and one where cost of capital decreases as bank risk and investor expectations are lowered. The study also finds empirical evidence that the Basel risk-weighted capital ratios does not help reduce bank risk. Instead, banks reduce their risk by increasing their total capital to assets ratio. This implies that the Basel capital ratios only work through a secondary effect of banks increasing their capital to assets ratio following a regulatory tightening.The main contributions of the study are showing that regulators need to be mindful when implementing new regulation, as there are negative effects on economies lending growth. Additionally, the fact that lower bank risk results in lower cost of capital is a fact that has been mostly ignored by scholars in the field, something this study may be able to change. Lastly, the inability of the risk-based capital ratios to reduce bank risk is significant in that it puts into question whether the Basel Accord are able to produce a reliable framework for minimizing risk in the banking industry.
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Болгар, Т. М. "Слияние государственного, банковского и промышленного капиталов как один из возможных подходов соответствия новым стандартам «Базель-3»." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/61956.
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Базельским комитетом согласован окончательный вариант новых
правил регулирования банковской деятельности, получивших название
“Базель 3”. В отличие от прежних соглашений “Базель 2”, в новом
варианте внесены существенные изменения,The Basel Committee agreed on the final version of the new rules for the regulation of banking activities, "Basel 3". In contrast to the previous agreements "Basel 2", in the new significant changes have been introduced,
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Walker, Nina A. "Will Dodd-Frank and Basel III Prevent Another Recession? Curbing Leverage and Promoting Effective Risk Management Beyond Capital Requirements." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/555.
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Dodd-Frank represents a federal intervention in corporate governance, which had previously been an issue for the states.The most prominent state in this respect is Delaware because of its favorable treatment of corporate interests.Although Delaware’s regulations are too lenient to encourage responsible risk management practices, the federal law is normally driven by populist outrage and anti-corporate sentiments that impair lawmakers’ abilities to write rational, efficient reforms.The climate of political pressure does not foster a thoughtful review of the best ways to affect risk management practices. This paper thus explores the role of leverage in the financial crisis, the shortcomings of Dodd-Frank’s capital requirements, the ways in which reform could have encouraged more responsible leverage positions, and the nature of federal corporate governance regulation.
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Back, Alexander, and William Keith. "Valuation of Contingent Convertible Bonds." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188984.
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Contingent convertible bonds are hybrid capital instruments, contingent on some form of indicator of financial distress of the issuing bank. Following the financial crisis, these instruments are proposed as a solution to the moral hazard issue of banks too big to fail. With the increased capital requirements of the Basel III directive, contingent capital enables banks to increase their capitalization without issuing expensive equity. Also, in times of historically low interest rates, these instruments might be interesting for investors in search of higher yields, as well as long term investors wanting to implement countercyclical investment strategies. However, due to the high complexity of these instruments, valuation has proven diffcult. The purpose of this thesis is to value instruments contingent on the bank's common equity tier 1 to risk-weighted assets ratio. We build our model upon the work of Glasserman & Nouri (2012), and extend it to include contingency on risk-weighted assets, instant non-continuous conversion to equity, and a combination of fixed imposed loss and fixed conversion price as terms of conversion. We use a capital structure model in continuous time to define asset dynamics, asset claims and the event of conversion and liquidation of the bank. Thereafter we use two important results from Glasserman & Nouri (2012) to value the discounted cash flows to holders of debt and contingent debt. From this, we arrive at closed form solutions for the coupon rates of these securities.Contingent convertible bonds (villkoradeobligationer) är hybrida kapitalinstrument som beror på någon form av indikator på finansiell instabilitet i den emitterande banken. Efter finanskrisen har dessa finansiella produkter föreslagits som en lösning på dilemmat som uppstår när banker är för stora för att låtas gå omkull. Villkorade obligationer är en väg för banker att ta in kapital och uppfylla de ökade kapitalkrav som ställs av direktiven i Basel III utan att emittera kostsamt aktiekapital. I dessa tider av historiskt låga räntesatser är den relativt höga avkastning, tillsammans med de kontracykliska effekter produkterna ger dessutom intressanta för många investerare. Att värdera dessa produkter har dock visat sig svårt då de är mycket komplexa. Syftet med denna uppsats är att värdera villkorade obligationer som beror på relationen mellan bankens kärnprimärkapital och riskviktade tillgångar. Vi använder omvandling till aktiekapital som förlustabsorberingsmekanism och använder en kombination av fixerade konverteringspris och fixerade ålagda förluster som villkor för konversion. Vi använder en kapitalstrukturell modell i kontinuerlig tid för att definiera tillgångarnas rörelser, fordringar på tillgångarna och händelsen av konversion av kontraktet eller likvideringen av banken. Därefter använder vi två viktiga resultat från Glasserman & Nouri (2012) för att värdera de diskonterade kassaflöden till ägaren av obligationer och villkorade obligationer. Från detta hittar vi analytiska lösningar för storleken av kupongräntorna på obligationerna, villkorade som normala.
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Кузніченко, Я. М. "Нові наглядові ініціативи Базеля ІІІ та перспективи їх запровадження в Україні." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63426.
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З огляду на існуючі в світовій економіці тенденції подальшої інтеграції та
глобалізації, економічна стабільність країн на національному та
міжнародному рівнях значною мірою залежить від ефективного регулювання
ринку банківських послуг. Наслідки фінансової кризи продемонстрували всю
небезпечність дестабілізації банківського сектору за відсутності дієвих
механізмів прогнозування та регулювання кризових явищ. В цих умовах
проблеми ефективної оцінки, управління та мінімізації впливу ризиків на
фінансову стійкість банків набули особливої актуальності.
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Krondiak, Ladislav. "Analýza vývoja kapitálovej primeranosti bánk v Českej republike." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206352.
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The main focus of this thesis is the analysis of channels used by Czech banks to increase their capital ratios. We identify the increase in capital as the main channel used. Further, within these channels we find retained earnings to be the main tool used. In addition, growth in the loans volume was the dominant tool within the channel of asset volume. Furthermore, we observe an increase in the use of more advanced capital requirements quantification methods, especially in larger banks. We also identify several factors, other than capital regulation, that might have contributed to the observed developments.
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Toscano, Vanessa Miguel. "Determinants of bank capital ratios in European Union banks." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19516.
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Mestrado em FinançasNeste trabalho, analisamos os determinantes do rácio Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) dos bancos da União Europeia após a Crise das Dívidas Soberanas. Utilizámos informação da base de dados do Bankscope. Exportámos informação de 137 bancos dos 27 paises da UE no período de 2011 a 2018. Baseámos o nosso estudo numa análise de regressão, sendo que analisámos vários modelos de forma a analisar od determinantes e qual o seu impacto no rácio CET1. Para atestar a robustez dos resultados, replicámos a análise aplicando um processo winsor à variável dependente e à variável que representa o Return on Equity. Verificámos que o tamanho, a exposição ao risco, a alavancagem e a liquidez são fatores que afetam o rácio CET1 e consequentemente a solvabilidade do banco. Adicionalmente, observámos que o programa de compra de ativos por parte do Banco Central Europeu (BCE) aparenta aumentar a capacidade dos bancos para absorver as suas potencias perdas, pelo o que se justifica este tipo de ações por parte do regulador.
We analysed European Union banks' Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio determinants after Sovereign Debt Crisis. We resorted to information from the Bankscope database. We exported information of 137 banks from the 27 countries belonging to the EU, from 2011 to 2018. We performed a regression analysis, running several models to identify the significant variables and their impact on the CET1 ratio. To attest the results' robustness, we replicate the analysis winsorizing the dependent variable and the variable that represents Return on Equity. We verified that size, risk exposure, leverage and liquidity are factors that affect CET1 ratio and banks solvency. Additionally, we observed that the European Central Banks' (ECB) asset purchase program seems to increase banks' capacity to absorb potential losses, which justifies this kind of measures by the regulator.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Almeida, Pedro Gonçalo Silva. "Basileia III : estudo sobre buffer de capital anticíclico : aplicação a Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10212.
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Mestrado em FinançasA implementação do Acordo de Basileia III, no período que medeia entre 01/01/2013 e 01/01/2019, corresponde a uma profunda mudança do quadro de referência que rege as Instituições Financeiras. Daí resultam mudanças significativas relacionadas com o papel das entidades reguladoras, o acréscimo das exigências de capital e a promoção de novos vectores de gestão e mensuração dos riscos (entre os quais se destacam o rácio de alavancagem sem considerar a ponderação do risco e a criação de requisitos mínimos associados à liquidez). Uma das novas medidas inseridas neste quadro é a criação de mecanismos que restrinjam a ciclicidade dos requisitos de capital, ou seja, vão-se procurar soluções que elevem os níveis de solvência em períodos expansionistas do ciclo económico e que os reduzam em períodos recessivos. No decurso desta dissertação é explorada a metodologia para a criação de reservas de capital anti-cíclicas promovida pelo Comité de Basileia, sendo a mesma aplicada à realidade portuguesa testando a sua eficácia e identificando eventuais lacunas. Para além dessa metodologia são identificadas metodologias alternativas que possam levar à concretização do objectivo pretendido.
The implementation of the Basel III reforms, between 01/01/2013 and 01/01/2019, corresponds to a deep change within the scenario and reference frame that manages the Financial Institutions, from which results some significant changes related to the role of the regulators. Namely: the addition of capital buffers and the promotion of new management guidelines and risk measurement (amongst which stands out the leverage ratio without considering the risk evaluation and the creation of minimum requirements related to liquidity). One of these new measures is the creation of mechanisms that restrict the cyclicity of the bank capital requirements, ie, the search for solutions that may increase solvency levels during this economical cycle expansionary periods and the search for solutions that may decrease those same levels during recessions. During this dissertation I'll explore the methodology used to create anti-cyclical bank reserves promoted by the Basel Committee. The idea is to apply these measurements to the Portuguese scenario by testing its effectiveness and identifying any gaps. Besides that, herein lie some alternative methodologies that may lead to the achievement of the intended goal.
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Almeida, Pedro Gonçalo da Silva. "Basileia III : estudo sobre buffer de capital anticíclico : aplicação a Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4592.
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Mestrado em FinançasA implementação do Acordo de Basileia III, no período que medeia entre 01/01/2013 e 01/01/2019, corresponde a uma profunda mudança do quadro de referência que rege as Instituições Financeiras. Daí resultam mudanças significativas relacionadas com o papel das entidades reguladoras, o acréscimo das exigências de capital e a promoção de novos vectores de gestão e mensuração dos riscos (entre os quais se destacam o rácio de alavancagem sem considerar a ponderação do risco e a criação de requisitos mínimos associados à liquidez). Uma das novas medidas inseridas neste quadro é a criação de mecanismos que restrinjam a ciclicidade dos requisitos de capital, ou seja, vão-se procurar soluções que elevem os níveis de solvência em períodos expansionistas do ciclo económico e que os reduzam em períodos recessivos. No decurso desta dissertação é explorada a metodologia para a criação de reservas de capital anti-cíclicas promovida pelo Comité de Basileia, sendo a mesma aplicada à realidade portuguesa testando a sua eficácia e identificando eventuais lacunas. Para além dessa metodologia são identificadas metodologias alternativas que possam levar à concretização do objectivo pretendido.
The implementation of the Basel III reforms, between 01/01/2013 and 01/01/2019, corresponds to a deep change within the scenario and reference frame that manages the Financial Institutions, from which results some significant changes related to the role of the regulators. Namely: the addition of capital buffers and the promotion of new management guidelines and risk measurement (amongst which stands out the leverage ratio without considering the risk evaluation and the creation of minimum requirements related to liquidity). One of these new measures is the creation of mechanisms that restrict the cyclicity of the bank capital requirements, ie, the search for solutions that may increase solvency levels during this economical cycle expansionary periods and the search for solutions that may decrease those same levels during recessions. During this dissertation I'll explore the methodology used to create anti-cyclical bank reserves promoted by the Basel Committee. The idea is to apply these measurements to the Portuguese scenario by testing its effectiveness and identifying any gaps. Besides that, herein lie some alternative methodologies that may lead to the achievement of the intended goal.
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Mahdavi, Ardekani Seyed Aref. "Essays on bank network characteristics : implications for bank capital and liquidity regulation and for monetary policy." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0004.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est de fournir une évaluation de l'importance des caractéristiques du réseau bancaire pour expliquer la prise de décision des banques soumises à différents scénarios de politiques macroprudentielles et monétaires. Cette thèse examine donc les implications de la topologie des réseaux interbancaires pour la réglementation du capital et de la liquidité des banques et pour les politiques monétaires. Le premier chapitre examine comment les banques définissent leurs ratios de liquidité en fonction de la topologie de leur réseau sur le marché interbancaire. Nos résultats montrent que la prise en compte les connexions bancaires au sein d'un réseau améliore significativement les modèles de liquidité traditionnels. De plus, nous montrons que les banques fixent un ratio de liquidité plus bas lorsqu'elles ont un accès plus facile au marché interbancaire. Nos résultats soulignent également que le comportement en termes de liquidité des banques de tailles différentes ou des banques opérant dans différents systèmes bancaires pourrait varier en fonction de leurs positions interbancaires locales ou à l'échelle du système. Le deuxième chapitre analyse la réaction des prix des actions des banques aux annonces de politiques monétaires en fonction de leur position sur le marché interbancaire. Nos résultats montrent que la prise en compte de la manière dont les banques sont liées au sein d’un réseau contribue à l’explication de la réaction des prix de leurs actions à l’annonce des politiques monétaires. Nos résultats suggèrent qu'une position de réseau solide à l'échelle du système augmente les réactions positives à de telles annonces de politiques, alors qu'une position de réseau locale forte les réduit. Le troisième chapitre examine comment les effets de substitution de la liquidité sur le capital sont influencés par la position de la banque sur le marché interbancaire. Nous montrons que l’effet de substitution de la liquidité sur le capital est atténué si les banques sont fortement interconnectées dans le réseau interbancaire. Nos résultats suggèrent qu'en période de crise, les grandes banques non liquides détiennent un ratio de fonds propres élevé uniquement lorsqu'elles occupent une position faible sur le réseau interbancaire au niveau local ou à l'échelle du système, tandis que les petites banques non liquides renforcent leur solvabilité lorsqu'elles comptent un plus grand nombre d'emprunteurs directsThe aim of this dissertation is to provide an evaluation of the importance of the bank network characteristics in explaining bank decision making under different macroprudential and monetary policy scenarios. This study examines, therefore, the implication of interbank network topology for bank capital and liquidity regulation and for monetary policies. The first chapter investigates how banks set their liquidity ratios depending on their network topology in the interbank market. Our results show that incorporating bank connections within a network adds value to traditional liquidity models. Moreover, we show that banks set lower liquidity ratios when they have easier access to the interbank market. Our findings also highlight that liquidity behavior of banks with different size, or banks that are operating in different banking sectors could vary depending on their local or system-wide interbank positions. The second chapter analyses the reaction of bank stock prices to the announcements of monetary policies depending on their position on the interbank market. Our results show that taking into account the way that banks are linked to each other within a network adds value to explain bank stock prices reaction to the announcement of monetary policies. Our findings suggest that strong system-wide network position increases the positive reactions to such policy announcements while strong local network position reduces them. The third chapter examines how the substitution effect of liquidity on capital are influenced by bank network position on the interbank market. We show that the substitution effect of liquidity on capital is dampened if banks are strongly interconnected in the interbank network. Our findings suggest that during crisis periods, illiquid large banks set higher capital ratio only when they have a weak local or system-wide position on the interbank network while illiquid small banks strengthen their solvency when they have a higher number of direct borrowers in that network
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Goes, Karina Cyganczuk. "Estrutura de capital e contingente conversível sob a ótica de Basiléia III: um estudo empírico sobre o Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11928.
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It is a fact that banks worldwide maintain excess regulatory capital, either to minimize cost of recapitalization or to mitigate risks of financial difficulties. But only after the 2007/2008 crisis, the quality of that excess capital has been important to regulators, who proposed a new capital structure in the Basel III agreement, creating new hybrid bonds, the contingent convertible, whose main objective is to recapitalize the bank automatically in times of financial difficulties. In this context, we analyzed the 10 largest banks in Brazil in total assets, comparing the structure of each bank with straight bond, against the same structure with contingent convertible under the Basel III rules and without regulations or when they are fragile. The evidence suggests that, by the model, Brazilian banks were better capitalized with contingent convertible, than straight bond under Basel III rules, but in unregulated environments or where they are fragile, contingent convertibles induce increased risk and may lead to new financial crisis.
É fato, que os bancos do mundo inteiro mantêm excesso de capital regulatório, seja para minimizar custos de recapitalização, seja para mitigar riscos de dificuldades financeiras. Mas somente depois da crise de 2007/2008, a qualidade desse capital em excesso, passou a ganhar importância entre os órgãos reguladores, que propuseram uma nova estrutura de capital no Acordo de Basiléia III, criando novos instrumentos híbridos de capital e dívidas, os contingentes conversíveis, cujo principal objetivo é, recapitalizar o banco automaticamente em momentos de dificuldades financeiras. Neste contexto, analisamos os 10 maiores bancos do Brasil, em total de ativos, comparando a estrutura de cada banco com dívidas subordinadas, contra a mesma estrutura com contingentes conversíveis, sob as regra de Basiléia III e, em ambientes sem regulamentações ou quando estas são frágeis. As evidências sugerem que, segundo o modelo utilizado, os bancos brasileiros estariam mais bem capitalizados com contingentes conversíveis, do que com dívidas subordinadas sob as regras de Basiléia III, mas em ambientes sem regulamentação ou quando estas são frágeis, os contingentes conversíveis induzem o aumento de riscos, podendo levar a novas crises financeiras.
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Yang, Xi. "Essais sur la stabilité du secteur bancaire : analyses sur données comptables des banques américaines." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100169.
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La crise financière globale de 2007-2009 a révélé la fragilité des banques modernes ainsi que les carences de la réglementation. A la suite de la crise, le secteur bancaire a connu des réformes réglementaires importantes : renforcement de la régulation micro-prudentielle, mise en place de dispositifs ayant des objectifs macroprudentiels et diverses initiatives de séparation des activités. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse, en s’appuyant sur les données américaines, essaie dans un premier temps d’expliquer la vulnérabilité des banques par leurs caractéristiques financières et leur structure organisationnelle. Ensuite, la thèse propose une analyse de l’efficacité de certains nouveaux outils dans le cadre des réformes. Nous trouvons les résultats suivants : 1) Le risque de faillite est plus élevé chez les banques qui adoptent des stratégies agressives pendant la période d’euphorie économique et qui se financent par des fonds instables. Une maison-mère saine (bien capitalisée et rentable) est une source de force des filiales bancaires. Cela vient étayer l’introduction du coussin de capital contracyclique et du ratio de liquidité dans Bâle III. 2) La diversification des activités contribue à la baisse du risque bancaire alors que les engagements croissants en activités non-traditionnelles volatiles semble rendre les banques plus vulnérables. Ceci conforte la nécessité d'une réforme structurelle pour certaines banques universelles. 3) Les ratios de levier prévoient mieux la probabilité de faillite des grandes banques que le ratio pondéré par les risques, tandis que les deux types de ratios sont aussi efficaces pour prévoir la faillite des petites banques. Ce résultat souligne l’importance du renforcement de la réglementation des banques systémiques et implique sa mise en œuvreThe 2007-2009 global financial crisis reveals the fragility of modern banking sector and the flaws in bank regulation. In the wake of the crisis, an important number of reforms are carried out: enhancement of micro-prudential regulation, introduction of macro-prudential instruments and separation of activities. In this context, this thesis, using detailed information on the U.S. banking sector, tries to explain bank vulnerability by their financial characteristics and organizational structure. Then the thesis analyzes the efficiency of some new regulatory instruments. Our findings are the following: 1) Banks adopting an aggressive business model in economic boom and banks funded massively with instable liabilities are more likely to fail. A healthy (well-capitalized and profitable) bank holding company is a source of strength for its bank subsidiaries. These findings support the introduction of the countercyclical capital buffer and of the requirements on liquidity in the Basel III framework. 2) A high degree of diversification across different banking activities is associated with important risk reduction benefits while the expansion in non-traditional activities seems to make banks more vulnerable. This indicates the necessity of structural reform for certain universal banks. 3) The leverage ratios are more efficient in predicting failures of large banks than the risk-weighted capital ratio whereas the two types of capital ratios predict the failures of small banks as well as each other. These findings go in line with the reinforcement of regulation on systemically important banks
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Helpe, Ronaldo Medrado. "Os créditos tributários e seus impactos nas carteiras de crédito dos bancos no Brasil frente à entrada em vigor das regras de Basileia III." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/19659.
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A iminência da entrada em vigor das regras estabelecidas pelo acordo da Basileia III, motivado pela crise do subprime em 2009, desperta preocupação ao redor do mundo, inspirando inúmeros estudos que tentam antecipar potenciais efeitos desta regulamentação sobre a economia (BERROSPIDE e EDGE, 2010). O Brasil vive uma das piores recessões de sua história e as provisões para créditos ruins nos balanços dos bancos se avolumam, gerando um aumento do estoque de créditos tributários. Em linha com diversos estudos já realizados, este trabalho explorou efeitos decorrentes da implantação do acordo da Basileia III em relação ao capital mínimo regulatório exigido, com o diferencial de dar ênfase ao impacto da exclusão dos créditos tributários da base de capital dos bancos. O objetivo foi identificar se a restrição de capital trazida por tais deduções, no âmbito do novo acordo, poderia impactar o volume de créditos concedidos pelos bancos, impactando, portanto, o processo de recuperação econômica do Brasil. Verificou-se, através de uma pesquisa exploratória, que abordou uma amostra relevante de 38 bancos, que os avanços dos ajustes prudenciais de créditos tributários terão alto impacto sobre a base de capital das instituições financeiras. Tais deduções, geraram impactos em 28 bancos da amostra, chegando a representar mais de 100% da necessidade agregada de capital principal e 59% da necessidade agregada de capital nível 1 dos bancos analisados. Do ponto de vista de influência das deduções dos créditos tributários sobre as carteiras de crédito dos bancos, foi possível constatar que o impacto tende a ser pequeno, chegando a 1,5% de redução sobre o total da carteira de crédito dos bancos analisados. Essa conclusão, apesar de parecer incoerente à primeira vista, justifica-se pela capacidade dos bancos em atrair mais capital, em função de suas rentabilidades acima do custo de capital próprio. Essa análise nos permitiu confirmar a relevância dos créditos tributários das instituições financeiras sobre suas políticas de gestão de capital e verificar que as deduções de créditos tributários, apesar de representar restrições importantes de capital, não deverão impactar de forma relevante o crescimento das carteiras de crédito no sistema financeiro brasileiro.
The imminence of fully application of the rules established by Basel III, motivated by the subprime crisis in 2009, arouses concern around the world, motivating several papers trying to anticipate potential effects of this regulation (BERROSPIDE e EDGE, 2010). Brazil is facing one of the worst recessions in its history and the increase in provisions for bad credits, led to an increase in tax credits in the banks' balance sheets in Brazil. Aligned with several studies, this research explored the effects arising from the implementation of Basel III agreement in relation to minimum regulatory capital, with the differential of emphasizing the impact of the exclusion of tax credits from the capital base of banks. The objective was to identify if the restriction of capital brought by Tax Credits under the new agreement could impact the volume of credits granted by the banks, thus impacting the process of economic recovery in Brazil. It was verified through a relevant sample of 38 banks that tax credits will have a high impact on the banks' capital base. These deductions generated impacts on 28 sample banks, accounting for more than 100% of the aggregate principal capital requirement and 59% of the aggregate capital requirement of the banks analyzed. From the point of view of the influence of tax credit deductions on banks' credit portfolios, it was possible to verify that the impact tends to be small, reaching a reduction of 1.5% on the total loan portfolio of the banks analyzed. This conclusion, despite seeming at first glance to be inconsistent, is justified by the ability of banks to attract more capital, due to their profitability above the cost of equity. This analysis allowed us to confirm the relevance of tax credits of financial institutions on their capital management policies and to verify that deductions of tax credits, despite representing significant capital constraints, should not have a significant impact on the growth of credit portfolios in Brazil.
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Janoušek, Adam. "Primeranosť kapitálu českých bánk v kontexte makroprudencionálnej politiky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-360680.
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The theme of this diploma thesis is the capital adequacy of Czech banks in the context of macro-prudential policy. The aim of this diploma thesis is quantitative and qualitative analysis of the capital ratios of the Czech banking sector in the context of Basel III and CRD IV capital regulation. The work for the selected period analyzes the development of the capital structure of the Czech banking sector as a whole and for individual segments of banks. The work also focuses on the determinants that influenced the capital changes in addition to the change in the volume of capital itself. The resistance of the banking sector to the unfavorable development of the financial system is analyzed through the stress tests of the Czech National Bank.
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Jönsson, Carl Axel, and Ludvig Hamilton. "Credit Risk and Asset Correlation Modelling for the Swedish Market: A Comparative Analysis." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-252315.
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In order to ensure solvency, financial institutions must evaluate their credit risk exposure and determine how much economic capital is required to hold as a cushion. This thesis compares three factor models, namely Asymptotic Single Risk Factor (“ASRF”), Inter-sector and Intra-sector factor models and evaluates how their different characteristics affect the economic capital outcomes. The thesis also investigates how these outcomes are affected when assuming asset dependency through a Student's-$t$ copula. Focus will also be put on how different types and levels of asset correlation affect the models' credit risk results. We use a fictitious loan portfolio consisting of 138 Swedish firms with equity data from between 2007 and 2019 in order to calculate asset correlations and economic capital. Our main findings are that the asset correlations severely impact the outcomes of the credit risk models and that practitioners must calibrate and stress test their models regularly with respect to how correlations vary between different firms. The thesis also finds that using copulas for credit portfolios provides more conservative risk outcomes but makes the models less sensitive to correlation level input.För att finansiella institutioner ska försäkra sig om att vara solventa måste de utvärdera sin exponering mot kreditrisk och därmed avgöra hur mycket ekonomiskt kapital de behöver hålla som buffert. Denna uppsats jämför tre faktormodeller vid namn Asymptotic Systematic Risk Factor (“ASRF”), Inter-sektor, och Intra-sektor med syfte att undersöka hur deras olika karaktärsdrag påverkar estimaten för ekonomiskt kapital. Vi utvärderar även hur utfallen påverkas av införandet av copula-beroende mellan portföljtillgångarna. Fokus kommer även att läggas på hur olika typer och nivåer av korrelation mellan bolag påverkar de olika modellernas kreditriskutfall. Vi använder oss av en fiktiv låneportfölj bestående av 138 svenska bolag med aktieprisdata mellan 2007 och 2019 för att beräkna korrelationer och ekonomiskt kapital. Uppsatsens främsta resultat pekar på att korrelationerna har en väldigt stor påverkan på det ekonomiska kapitalet och att analytiker rekommenderas att kontinuerligt kalibrera och stresstesta sina modeller med avseende på hur korrelationerna kan skilja sig mellan olika bolag. Vi fann även att copula-beroende gav mycket mer konservativa utfall, det vill säga ett högre ekonomiskt kapital, men var mindre känslig för korrelationsnivåerna mellan bolagen i portföljen.
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Relvas, Ana Paula Gonçalves Couto. "Risco de crédito." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17625.
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Mestrado em Mathematical FinanceEm resposta à crise da década de 70, os países do G10 criaram o Comité de Basileia, que fornece a regulamentação referente ao capital mínimo para os riscos incorridos. Este projeto resulta de um estágio no Banco Carregosa cujos objetivos são:validar o modelo económico de risco de crédito e verificar se reúne as condições para ser considerado um modelo multi-factor Vasicek; testar a adaptação ao modelo de Pedersen & Krogsgaard (2008); e analisar a rapidez e precisão do novo modelo. Estas propostas surgem da postura de melhoria contínua da instituição, em concreto, para uma gestão de riscos mais resiliente e realista. Procurou-se analisar, exaustivamente, o modelo utilizado e as possíveis adaptações pela integração do modelo estocástico de taxas de juro, da média reversível de índices de alavancagem dinâmicos, da antecipação de incumprimento e de saltos ao risco. Da análise feita ao modelo utilizado e às suas adaptações, assinala-se que os resultados gerados pelo modelo utilizado são sólidos e robustos. No entanto os resultados gerados pelas suas adaptações são demasiado fracos e muito sensíveis ao valor dos parâmetros adotados. Este estudo entende-se, também, pertinente, no contexto da crescente regulamentação e importância da análise do risco, num enquadramento de reduzido conhecimento disponível e de histórico comparável.
In response to the 70’s crisis, G10´s countries formed the Basel´s Committee that provides regulation about minimum capital to the risk incurred. This project is the outcome of an internship at Carregosa Bank (Banco Carregosa), and it has multiple purposes. Firstly, it is aimed to validate the economic model of credit risk and to verify if it satisfies the conditions to qualify as a multi-factor Vasicek model. It intends to test the adaptation of Pedersen & Krogsgaard (2008) model, and lastly to analyse the speed and accuracy of the new model. These proposals arise from an approach of continuous improvement of the institution, specifically for management of more resilient and realistic risks. There was an extensive analysis of the used model and the possible adaptations by the incorporation of the stochastic model of interest rates, mean reverting leverage ratios, early default and jump risks. Analysing the used model and its possible adaptations, it can be pointed out that the obtained results by the used model are strong and sound. Although, the obtained results by its adaptations are too weak and highly sensitive to the values of the adopted parameters. The study is also relevant in the context of increasing regulation and the importance of risk analysis in a framework of reduced knowledge available and comparable history.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Ludolph, Melina. "Effects of regulatory policies on bank-specific risk and financial stability." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/23178.
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Diese Arbeit umfasst drei unabhängige Aufsätze, welche die Auswirkungen verschiedener regulatorischer Maßnahmen auf das Bankenrisiko und/oder die Finanzstabilität untersuchen. Zunächst wird der Einfluss von Eigenkapitalanforderungen auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Bankgröße und Volatilität analysiert. Unsere Panel-Datenanalyse zeigt, dass strengere Eigenkapitalanforderungen den Nexus zwischen Größe und Volatilität schwächt. Große Banken haben, ceteris paribus, einen weniger volatilen Kreditbestand, wenn sie strengerer Kapitalregulierung ausgesetzt sind. Gemäß dem Granularitätskonzept kann dies ebenfalls die makroökonomische Stabilität erhöhen. Als Nächstes untersuche ich, ob MiFID II die frühzeitige Informationsweitergabe über Änderungen von Analystenempfehlungen an einzelne Anleger, genannt Tipping, reduziert hat. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die absoluten Renditen und Handelsvolumina einen Tag vor Veröffentlichung einer Hoch- oder Herabstufung vor und nach Inkrafttreten von MiFID II signifikant ansteigen. Da die Aktienkurse am Veröffentlichungstag weiter steigen bzw. fallen, profitieren ausgewählte Anleger trotz der regulatorischen Änderung weiterhin von einem Informationsvorteil. Dies hat vermutlich negative Auswirkungen auf den Finanzmarkt insgesamt. Zuletzt untersuche ich wie sich die Ausgabe von Contingent Convertible (CoCo) Anleihen, die als regulatorisches zusätzliches Kernkapital (AT1) geltend gemacht werden können, auf das Bankenrisiko auswirkt. Meine Analyse zeigt, dass AT1-CoCo-Anleihen ein bis drei Jahre nach Ausgabe zu einem signifikant höheren Bankenrisiko führen. Übereinstimmend mit theoretischen Studien deutet dies darauf hin, dass CoCo-Anleihen ihr Potenzial zur Stärkung der Eigenkapitalbasis der Banken durch die regulatorischen Anforderungen genommen wurde.This thesis comprises three independent essays evaluating the impact of different regulatory policies on bank risk and/or financial stability. First, we examine the effects of capital regulation on the link between bank size and volatility. Our panel data analysis reveals that more stringent capital regulation weakens the size-volatility nexus. Hence, large banks show, ceteris paribus, lower loan portfolio volatility when facing more stringent capital regulation. According to the granularity concept, that can increase macroeconomic stability. Next, I evaluate if MiFID II reduced the early information disclosure on analyst recommendation changes to selected investors - so-called tipping. I find absolute returns and turnover rise significantly on the day preceding the up- or downgrade release before and after MiFID II became law. Given that stock prices move further in the revision direction on publication day, selected investors continue to profit from an informational advantage, notwithstanding the regulatory change. That is likely harmful to the financial market overall. Lastly, I examine the impact of issuing contingent convertible (CoCo) bonds that qualify as regulatory additional tier 1 (AT1) capital on bank risk. My treatment effects analysis reveals that issuing AT1 CoCo bonds results in significantly higher risk-taking one to three years after the issuance. That is in line with previous theoretical studies suggesting that regulators have stripped CoCo bonds of their potential to strengthen the banks’ capital bases.
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Yan, Meilan. "An assessment of UK banking liquidity regulation and supervision." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12666.
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This thesis assesses UK banking liquidity regulation and supervision and the Basel liquidity requirements, and models banks' liquidity risk. The study reveals that the FSA's risk-assessment framework before 2008 was too general without specifically considering banks' liquidity risk (as well as its failures on Northern Rock). The study also lists the limitations of the FSA's banking liquidity regimes before 2008. The thesis reviews whether the FSA's new liquidity regimes after 2008 would have coped with UK banks' liquidity risks if they have been applied properly. The fundamental changes in the FSA's liquidity supervision reflect three considerations. First, it introduces a systemic control requirement by measuring individual fifirm's liquidity risk with a market-wide stress or combination of idiosyncratic and market-wide stresses. Second, it emphasizes the monitoring of business model risks and the capability of senior managers. Third, it allows both internal and external managers to access more information by increasing the liquidity reporting frequencies. The thesis also comments on the Basel Liquidity Principles of 2008 and the two Liquidity Standards. The Principles of 2008 represents a substantial revision of the Principles of 2000 and reflect the lessons of the fifinancial market turmoil since 2007. The study argues that the implementation of the sound principles by banks and supervisors should be fexible, but also need to be consistent to make sure they understand banks' liquidity positions quite well. The study also explains the composition of the Basel liquidity ratios as well as the side effect of Basel liquidity standards; for example, it will reshape interbank deposit markets and bond markets as a result of the increase in demand for `liquid assets' and `stable funding'. This thesis uses quantitative balance sheet liquidity analysis, based upon modified versions of the BCBS (2010b) and Moody's (2001) models, to estimate eight UK banks' short and long-term liquidity positions from 2005 to 2010 respectively. The study shows that only Barclays Bank remained liquid on a short-term basis throughout the sample period (2005-2010); while the HSBC Bank also proved liquid on a short-term basis, although not in 2008 and 2010. On a long-term basis, RBS has remained liquid since 2008 after receiving government support; while Santander UK also proved liquid, except in 2009. The other banks,especially Natwest, are shown to have faced challenging conditions, on both a short-term and long-term basis, over the sample period. This thesis also uses the Exposure-Based Cash-Flow-at-Risk (CFaR) model to forecast UK banks' liquidity risk. Based on annual data over the period 1997 to 2010, the study predicts that by the end of 2011, the (102) UK banks' average CFaR at the 95% confidence level will be -£5.76 billion, Barclays Bank's (Barclays') CFaR will be -£0.34 billion, the Royal Bank of Scotland's (RBS's) CFaR will be -£40.29 billion, HSBC Bank's (HSBC's) CFaR will be £0.67 billion, Lloyds TSB Bank's (Lloyds TSB's) CFaR will be -£4.90 billion, National Westminister Bank's (Natwest's) CFaR will be -£10.38 billion, and Nationwide Building Society's (Nationwide's) CFaR will be -£0.72 billion. Moreover, it is clear that Lloyds TSB and Natwest are associated with the largest risk, according to the biggest percentage difference between downside cash flow and expected cash flow (3600% and 816% respectively). Since I summarize a bank's liquidity risk exposure in a single number (CFaR), which is the maximum shortfall given the targeted probability level, it can be directly compared to the bank's risk tolerance and used to guide corporate risk management decisions. Finally, this thesis estimates the long-term United Kingdom economic impact of the Basel III capital and liquidity requirements. Using quarterly data over the period 1997:q1 to 2010:q2, the study employs a non-linear-in-factor probit model to show increases in bank capital and liquidity would reduce the probability of a bank crisis significantly. The study estimates the long-run cost of the Basel III requirements with a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), which shows holding higher capital and liquidity would reduce output by a small amount but increase bank profitability in the long run. The maximum temporary net benefit and permanent net benefit is shown to be 1.284% and 35.484% of pre-crisis GDP respectively when the tangible common equity ratio stays at 10%. Assuming all UK banks also meet the Basel III long-term liquidity requirements, the temporary net benefit and permanent net benefit will be 0.347% and 14.318% of pre-crisis GDP respectively. Therefore, the results suggest that, in terms of the impact on output, there is considerable room to further tighten capital and liquidity requirements, while still providing positive effects for the United Kingdom economy.
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Чала, Ю. В. "Наслідки прийняття Базеля ІІІ для українських банків з іноземним капіталом." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/59324.
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Дослідження дає можливість зрозуміти наслідки прийняття стандартів Базель ІІІ для українських банків з іноземним капіталом.The study provides an opportunity to understand the implications of the Basel standards for Ukrainian banks with foreign capital.
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Thorez, Eric. "CDS and the forecasting of bank default." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED073/document.
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A partir d’une analyse du défaut des banques et de la régulation au travers des notations de crédits (et des agences de notation), des modèles portant sur les CDS, de Bâle III et du capital insurance, nous trouvons que les spécificités des CDS en font un bon candidat pour prévoir (et idéalement empêcher) les défauts potentiels des banques. En effet, grâce aux propriétés (financières et économiques) des CDS, ainsi qu’aux résultats d’études empiriques, nous montrons qu’ils reflètent correctement le comportement des risques des banques et qu’ils ont capté les changements informationnels plus rapidement que les notations de crédits qui sont restées relativement constantes durant 2007 et 2008.Ainsi, en utilisant un déclencheur ad hoc basé sur les CDS et l’action appropriée si le déclencheur venait à s’activer, nous pourrions empêcher le défaut d’une banque. Et la compréhension du mécanisme afférent au capital contingent est d’un grand intérêt pour atteindre cet objectif qui optimise le monitoring mis en oeuvre par les banques et les régulateursBased on an analysis of the default of the banks and regulation through credit ratings (and rating agencies), CDS models, Basel III, bail-In and capital insurance, we find that the characteristics of CDS make them a good candidate to forecast (and ideally prevent) the potential defaults of the banks. Indeed, thanks to the economics of CDS and results of empirical studies, we show that they are a good proxy of bank risks and that they did capture information changes more quickly than the credit ratings which remained relatively constant during 2007 and 2008.So, using a specific trigger based on CDS and the appropriate action, should the trigger be activated, we could prevent the default of a bank. And the understanding of contingent capital mechanism is of great interest to reach this objective which optimizes the monitoring implemented by banks as well as regulators
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Cardoso, Marcelo de Oliveira. "Determina????o do patrim??nio de refer??ncia exigido frente ??s novas regras de Basileia III: estudo de caso no setor financeiro - BICBANCO." FECAP - Faculdade Escola de Com??rcio ??lvares Penteado, 2014. http://132.0.0.61:8080/tede/handle/tede/368.
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Previous issue date: 2014-05-08This Objective of this study is to investigate challenges in the determination of the Required Referential Net Equity, of financial institutions, with the entry into force of the new Central Bank regulations that meet the recommendations of the Committee on Banking Supervision Basel III. The application of standards subject to the Resolution 3897/2010 revoked by Resolution 4194/2013 will address the implementation and management of liquidity risk, the new methodology of calculating the Reference Equity and the introduction of additional core capital, among other issues. Changes brought by the withdrawal of tax credits for purposes of computing the capital and changes in the form of acceptance of subordinated debt will have a strong impact on all financial institutions, with repercussions on the levels of capitalization and leverage. In this Risk management in banking and capital management with emphasis on the determination of the reference net equity required. The results suggest the need to strengthen the management of new sources of capital and line-of-business and customers, as circular 3644, especially for the average banks
O objetivo desse estudo ?? investigar as principais mudan??as na determina????o do Patrim??nio de Refer??ncia Exigido das institui????es financeiras, com a entrada em vigor das novas regulamenta????es do Banco Central, que atendem as recomenda????es do Comit?? de Supervis??o Banc??ria de Basileia III. A aplica????o das normas que s??o objeto da Resolu????o 3897/2010 revogada pela Resolu????o 4194/2013 tratar??o da implementa????o e do gerenciamento do risco de liquidez e Cr??dito, da nova metodologia de apura????o do patrim??nio de refer??ncia e da introdu????o do adicional de capital principal, entre outras quest??es. Mudan??as como a dedu????o gradativa do saldo dos cr??ditos tribut??rios diretamente do Capital e altera????es na forma de aceita????o das d??vidas subordinadas t??m forte impacto sobre todas as institui????es financeiras, com repercuss??o nos seus n??veis de capitaliza????o e alavancagem. Nesse contexto, foi realizado revis??o da literatura sobre os assuntos: Basileia I, II e III, riscos na gest??o banc??ria e gerenciamento de capital com ??nfase na determina????o do Patrim??nio de Refer??ncia Exigido. Os resultados encontrados sugerem a necessidade de refor??ar a gest??o de novas fontes de capital e de linhas de neg??cios e clientes, conforme circular 3644, sobretudo para os bancos m??dios
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Graeff, Imke Johanna. "Rethinking bank shareholder equity." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E065.
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Notre thèse développe une nouvelle méthode pour analyser les capitaux propres des banques, basée sur la distinction entre capital actionnarial (dit ‘shareholder equity’) et capital de l’entité bancaire (dit ‘entity equity’). Cette nouvelle mesure –du capital actionnarial permet de distinguer les capitaux propres bancaires effectivement apportés par les actionnaires. Cette mesure s’avère pertinente pour interpréter les transformations récentes de la relation entre actionnaires et entités bancaires. Elle identifie et comptabilise les transactions entre les entités bancaires et leurs actionnaires, en permettant ainsi : l'analyse des origines du capital bancaire et de son évolution ; l’impact des stratégies d'entreprise financiarisées qui cherchent à économiser l’apport en capital actionnarial ; une mesure améliorée du capital actionnarial prudentiel qui est censé apporter une protection contre les risques encourus et les pertes éventuelles. De nos jours, une tension fondamentale pèse sur les capitaux propres bancaires, entre les actionnaires demandant des politiques de distribution généreuses, et l’intérêt général qui nécessite d’un système bancaire stable et résilient. Cette tension entre les exigences des actionnaires et la constitution d’un capital actionnarial suffisant est documenté par notre analyse dans la période avant et après la crise financière globale. Nous analysons les capitaux propres de neuf banques européennes entre 2001 et 2015. Ces cas montrent des distributions importantes en faveur des actionnaires et au détriment des objectifs de solvabilité financière.Les apports des actionnaires aux capitaux propres de l'entité bancaire ainsi qu'au capital prudentiel ont été limités avant la crise, et ne s’améliorent que modestement après celle-là,malgré des injections nouvelles importantes. Nos résultats suggèrent que, à l'ère des stratégies d'entreprise financiarisées, des niveaux suffisants de capital bancaire de haute qualité sont essentiels pour protéger l'intérêt général et empêcher les banques de devenir des véhicules d'investissement financiarisés pour certains actionnaires. Cela amène à repenser les capitaux propres des banques dans la recherche d’un arrangement plus durable et soutenable avec leurs actionnairesThe thesis introduces a new accounting method based upon the distinction between shareholder equity and the residual entity equity. Shareholder equity presents the actual contributions of shareholders to the bank entity. It allows for the analysis of bank’s equity position in light of a transformed idea of shareholding as experienced in recent years. The measure identifies and visualises equity transactions of banks relating to shareholders; and with it, allows for the analysis of the two main shaping forces of bank equity: financialized corporate strategy which seeks to economize the bank equity position; and regulatory capita lwhich provides a risk buffer to absorb eventual losses. Addressees of these two forces are shareholders who pressure banks to follow generous distribution policies and society at largewhich demands a safe and sound banking system. This trade-off between return to shareholders and a sufficient equity base is well documented in the pre-crisis and post-crisis period. Our analysis of shareholder equity position applies to nine European banks between 2001 and 2015. It reveals substantial distributions at the detriment of financial solvency concerns. Shareholder contributions to the bank entity as well as to regulatory capital werelimited in the pre-crisis period, with rather modest improvements in the post-crisis perioddespite substantial capital injections. Findings suggest that, in an era of financialized corporate strategy, sufficient levels of high quality capital are essential to safeguard general interest and prevent banks to become financial investment vehicles for their shareholders
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Msahazi, Abdillah. "La préservation du système bancaire par la régulation : l'exemple du système bancaire comorien." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D012.
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Cette Thèse de sciences de gestion, se propose d’élucider les difficultés que rencontrent les acteurs du système bancaire comorien et apporter des solutions afin de lui garantir sa solidité, stabilité et enfin sa pérennité. Elle est divisée en deux parties. La première porte plus particulièrement sur le cadre national et internationale du système bancaire comorien. La deuxième met en évidence les banques comoriennes confrontées à la transparence financière et aux exigences de supervision prudentielle. Le premier titre de la première partie, tâche à mettre en lumière l’organisation actuelle du système bancaire comorien inspiré du modèle français (chapitre 1) et l’apport du développement récent de la finance islamique (chapitre 2) afin de combler le retard de la banque conventionnelle. La réorganisation de la Banque Centrale des Comores et la mise en place de la banque islamique locale, peuvent contribuer au changement radical du système bancaire comorien. Le deuxième titre, permet au régulateur et prêteur en dernier ressort (Banque Centrale des Comores) de prendre le modèle des normes prudentielles internationales proposées par le Comité de Bâle (Bâle II et III), pour réguler le système bancaire comorien afin de lui garantir sa solidité, stabilité et enfin sa pérennité (chapitre 1). A travers ces recommandations du comité de Bâle, nous avons apporté des solutions en élaborant la Matrice Msahazi Credit Scoring Corporation, destinée aux analyses des données des banques comoriennes contre un risque endogène (Chapitre2). Nous avons aussi élaboré d’autres matrices que les banques comoriennes se serviront pour la notation interne, des risques de contreparties (entreprises et particuliers) afin de lutter contre le risque exogène. La deuxième partie de cette Thèse suggère deux autres solutions : la première est l’exigence de transparence financière des banques comoriennes (Pilier 3 : Bâle2 et 3) afin de lutter contre les malversations financières orchestrées par certains agents (titre I). Le premier chapitre introduit l’objectif de la communication financière de manière générale et la manière dont le comité de Bâle (Bâle 2 et 3) recommande les banques de communiquer leurs informations financières (méthodes d’évaluations des risques et fonds propres). Le deuxième chapitre propose aux banques comoriennes et aux autorités de contrôles, les techniques de notation financière pratiquées au niveau internationale pour distinguer le niveau de solvabilité de la contrepartie. La deuxième solution, nous avons donné à la Banque Centrale des Comores, des techniques pour renforcer la supervision prudentielle (Pilier 2, Bâle 2 et 3), (titre II). Le premier chapitre exige d’une part la direction et le conseil d’administration de la banque de définir les techniques de contrôles, d’indentifications, d’évaluations, gestions des risques et les objectifs de fonds propre à atteindre. D’autre part, l’autorité de contrôle (Banque centrale des Comores) doit passer au crible tous ces outils de contrôle. Au deuxième et dernier chapitre de la recherche, nous avons proposé à la Banque Centrale des Comores des nouvelles méthodes de supervision prudentielle afin de garantir la solidité, stabilité et pérennité du système bancaire. Nous avons l’espoir que l’ensemble de ces suggestions contribueront à préserver la solidité, stabilité et pérennité du système bancaire comorien afin de financer le développement de l’économie comorienne et sortir le pays de la pauvretéThis thesis on busness management, aims to elucidate the difficulties faced by the stakeholders of the Comorian banking system and to provide solutions to ensure its soundness, stability and sustainability. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first focuses specifically on the national and international context of the Comorian banking system. The second, highlights how the Comorian banks should adapt to the financial transparency and prudential supervision requirements. The first title of the first part, tries toshed light on the current organization of the Comorian banking system based on the French model (Chapter 1) and the contribution of the recent development of Islamic finance (Chapter 2) to close the gap in conventional banking. The reorganization of the Central Bank of the Comoros and the establishment of the local Islamic bank can contribute to a radical change in the Comorian banking system. The second title allows the regulator and lender of last resort (Central Bank of the Comoros ) to take the model of international prudential standards proposed by the Basel Committee (Basel II and III) to regulate the Comorian banking system in order to guarantee its soundness, stability and finally sustainability (Chapter 1). Through these recommendations of the Basel committee, we have provided solutions by developing Msahazi Credit Scoring Matrix Corporation, intended to analyse data of Comorian banks against endogenous risk (Chapter 2). We have also developed matrices other than Comorian banks used for internal rating of the counterparty risk (companies and individuals) to fight against exogenous risk. The second part of this thesis suggests two alternatives: the first is the requirement of financial transparency for Comorian banks (Pillar 3: Basel Conventions 2 and 3) in order to fight against embezzlement orchestrated by certain agents (Title I). The first chapter introduces the objective of financial reporting in general, and how the Basel Committee (Basel 2 and 3) asks banks to disclose their financial information (methods of risk assessments and equity). The second chapter provides credit rating techniques practiced at international level to the Comorian banks and supervisory authorities in order to distinguish the level of creditworthiness of companies and clients concerned. The second alternative we have given to the Central Bank of the Comoros is the techniques for strengthening prudential supervision (Pillar 2, Basel 2 and 3), (Title II) . The first chapter requires both the management and the bank's board of directors to define control techniques, identifications, assessments, risk managements and core capital goals. On the other hand, the supervisory authority (Comoros Central Bank) has to go through all these control tools. In the second and final chapter of the research, we propose to the Central Bank of the Comoros new prudential supervision methods to ensure the soundness, stability and sustainability of the banking system. We hope that all of these suggestions will help to preserve the soundness, stability and durability of the Comorian banking system in order to finance the development of the Comorian economy and lift the country out of poverty
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Gleta, Jakub. "Basel III: Hodnocení a dopad v České republice." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-296371.
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The thesis is focused on content and impact of the new Basel Capital Accord, commonly known as Basel III. These rules react to recent development in global financial markets and introduce some substantial changes into regulatory approach, which include changes to the definition and required amount of regulatory capital and presents new liquidity requirements. The thesis then assesses new rules form two points of view. First, a quantitative model is constructed that predicts the impact of new rules on capital adequacy of four major Czech banks based on default rates data. In the second part of the analysis, institutional impact of new regulation is stressed, namely the question of how new rules fit within the theoretical framework of optimal regulatory architecture and what pitfalls they have. The thesis is unique in the eclectic nature of its approach, whereby two seemingly disparate approaches oppose each other and an attempt at synthesis is presented. Keywords Banking regulation, Basel II, Basel III, capital adequacy, capital accords, regulatory impact analysis, credit risk JEL classification G21, G28
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Rocha, Gonçalo Leónidas Ferreira da. "Basel III new capital requirements, impacts and bank behavior." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/16010.
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For some years, researchers could not find a clear effect of capital adequacy on the risk
profile of banks, as shareholders could increase the riskiness of the assets (qualitative
effect), crowding-out the effect of reduced leverage (volume effect). Some shareholders
might have the will to increase the riskiness of the assets, but they may lack the power to
do so. Considering only ”powerful” shareholders, definitive conclusions were drawn
but with constant ownership profile. In this paper I investigate whether there is a significant
change in the type of shareholders in response to regulatory capital shocks
and, if so, will the banking system be in the hands of more “desired” shareholders. I
find that ownership profile responds to a regulatory shock, changing the risk appetite
of the ruling power at the bank. I find more banks and the government in the ownership
of undercapitalised banks and much less institutional shareholders and free float.
I claim that these new shareholders may not the desired ones, given the objective of
the regulatory change, as they are associated with a preference for more leverage. One
possible explanation for this crowding-out effect is that regulators are trying to contain
idiosyncratic risk (more linked to the riskiness of the assets) with a rule that contains
systematic risk (capital adequacy). This has a distorting effect on ownership. Another
insight can be drawn from the tests: supervisors should be aware of significant ownership
movements that cause the crowding-out.
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Macek, Petr. "Counterparty Risk under Basel III." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-325015.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to address the implications of Basel III regulation on counterparty credit risk. We analysed the development of OTC market, we addressed systemic risk and the way how central counterparties could mitigate or spread the contagion among banks. We used simulated data to develop a stress test model to find out the impact of counterparty credit risk on banks' capital requirements, in case the interest rate increased extensively. Six pos- sible scenarios of interest rate levels were developed with ascending order of the IR level. From these scenarios we computed the exposure levels and credit valuation adjustment (CVA) as the market value of counterparty credit risk. We came to the following conclusions: (1) Czech banks have enough capital to withstand any interest rate increase in any scenario. (2) Banks with high expo- sure to derivatives like Bank of America, Citibank and JP Morgan would face severe problems if the interest rate increased. (3) There is no direct correlation between credit valuation adjustment and interest rate, the CVA increases faster with the increase of the interest rate.
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Šútorová, Barbora. "Dopad Basel III na evropské banky." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-304401.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to take a closer look on how the stricter capital requirements defined in Basel III framework will influence European banks from a complex point of view - lending rates and volumes of provided loans, profitability, risk taking and market value of banks. Our analysis employing simultaneous equations and panel data models on exp post data on almost 600 banks operating in the EU in period 2005-2011 reports following results: (1) Those banks that will be forced to effectively increase their common equity ratio (CE/RWA) will reflect a one percentage point increase in this ratio into higher lending rates by 18.8 basis points. (2) This should, in turn, lead to a modest impact on the volume of provided loans, i.e. as a result of an increase of CE/RWA to 9.5 % (the case of the strictest scenario), the loan volumes are expected to be lowered by 2% from the current volume. (3) Our study further reports that higher capital requirements will cause a decrease in banks' profitability accompanied by a drop in risk taking. Banks increasing their CE/RWA by one percentage point are expected to experience a decrease in their profitability (measured by ROAA) by 0.122 percentage points. (4) The above mentioned effects were identified as rather negative signals for equity owners, which should be...
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Fonseca, Rui Miguel Monteiro da. "The implementation of the Basel III Countercyclical Capital Buffer in Portugal." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/15916.
Full textAbstract:
Basel II capital requirements are risk sensitive because they rely on the credit quality of borrowers, which means that in a downturn of the business cycle, when capital might be needed to absorb losses, capital requirements are also expected to be higher. This procyclicality may lead to excessive risk-taking during good times and to a credit crunch during bad times, amplifying the business cycle effects. Several approaches were proposed to address this problem.
The new Basel III framework directly addresses this issue, mainly through the implementation of the countercyclical capital buffer. This buffer aims to protect the banking system from periods of excessive credit growth, ensuring that the financial sector, as a whole, has enough capital to maintain the flow of credit into real economy in stress periods and that capital requirements do not constraint credit supply.
The objective of this thesis is to discuss the implementation in Portugal of the Basel III countercyclical capital buffer framework. The analysis was organized in two main parts, answering two different questions.
First, the historical performance of the common guide Credit-to-GDP gap, proposed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) to signal the built up of the countercyclical capital buffer, was tested. The results showed that the guide can signal the build up of the buffer complying with the objectives set. However, according to the results, some alterations to the methodology proposed may need to be considered, in order to improve the calibration for the Portuguese economy. For instance, a smoothing parameter of 1 600 instead of 400 000 to compute the trend using a recursive Hodrick-Prescott filter may provide better results, while changing the lower and upper thresholds might also be necessary.
The second objective was to assess if Portuguese banks would respond to an increase of capital requirements by constraining loan supply or by other means. To do so it was used an approach based on the previous work of Francis and Osborne (2012), which studied the effects of regulatory capital requirements on capital, lending and balance sheet management of UK banks. The results suggest that Portuguese banks tend to react to capital requirement increases by raising the levels of regulatory capital.
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Kreidl, Jan. "Implementace Basel III: Dopad na chování bankovního sektoru." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-305682.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis focuses on consequences of the full implementation of Basel III regulations and what impact it will have on the banking sector. The purpose of Basel III is to replace Basel II as a global regulatory standard, because of its predecessor's flaws, such as the amplifying of banks' procyclicality, overreliance on credit rating agencies or the incentive to securitize its assets. The examination of Basel III regulations has shown that the most difficult task for banks would be to raise the capital for increased requirements and implementation of liquidity ratios. This will undoubtedly change the behaviour of banks. Using the panel data model, we will analyze the relationship between the changes in regulatory capital and our dependent variables, which consist of change in interest rates, change in the amount of loans granted and the change of stability of a bank, in countries from the Visegrad Four, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary. Using estimated coefficients from our regression, we examine whether there will be unintended negative effects of Basel III implementation and whether there will be an increase in a stability of banks.
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Meirinhos, Luís Sá Carneiro Ferreira. "Estimating regulatory capital: model parameters for securitized products under Basel II/III." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/21385.
Full text
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Klímová, Dana. "Dopad likviditních pravidel Basel III na banky v EU." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-352782.
Full textAbstract:
New liquidity rules introduced under the Basel III framework define the Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) that requires banks to possess an adequate long-term liquidity. The NSFR will enter into force on January 1, 2018 and banks are concerned that this regulation will lower their profitability. In this thesis the Basel III liquidity rules are analysed. The research seeks to define characteristics and triggers of the NSFR, using a sample of 500 EU banks. We find that smaller banks (by asset size) are more likely to fulfil the NSFR requirements, so are the banks with higher non-interest share of income and lower capital ratio, among other characteristics. Further, the NSFR's impact on the banks' performance is assessed. It is found that a higher NSFR negatively impacts the return on average equity, although it does not seem to translate into lower returns on average assets nor net interest margin. JEL Classification E58, G21, G28, G32 Keywords NSFR, Basel III, liquidity, banks, EU, profitability, capital rules, regulation Author's e-mail 45724231@fsv.cuni.cz Supervisor's e-mail boril.sopov@gmail.com
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Stalsberg, Trym. "Basel III: the impact of new capital requirements on profitability of Portuguese Banks." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/16792.
Full textAbstract:
This empirical study aims to explore the impact of increased capital ratio requirements, on the ROE of the
Portuguese banking sector. The paper employs both a quantitative- and qualitative approach, with the
qualitative approach as the main method of research. The method adopted to conduct the qualitative research
was semi structured elite interviews with banking executives. Higher capital requirements decrease the ROE
of banks in Portugal, but huge impairments charges, macroeconomic factors and increased costs of deposits
are clearly the dominant reasons for the reduced levels of ROE the past years. Among the measures taken to
increase capital ratios, reduction of RWAs and non-core assets have been the main focus, but the issuance of
CoCos is regarded as the most expensive measure due to high interest payments. However, the CoCos will
not have any effect on the ROE in the long term. It is difficult to draw any conclusions on the impact of more
equity in the balance sheet on the ROE of Portuguese banks, as many banks currently don’t generate enough
money to pay back on shareholders´ investments.