Relevant bibliographies by topics / Baseflow

Academic literature on the topic 'Baseflow'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Baseflow"

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Price, Katie. "Effects of watershed topography, soils, land use, and climate on baseflow hydrology in humid regions: A review." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 35, no. 4 (May 10, 2011): 465–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133311402714.

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Baseflow is the portion of streamflow that is sustained between precipitation events, fed to stream channels by delayed (usually subsurface) pathways. Understanding baseflow processes is critical to issues of water quality, supply, and habitat. This review synthesizes the body of global literature investigating relationships between baseflow and watershed characteristics of geomorphology, soil, and land use, as well as the potential effects of climate change, with an emphasis on humid, tropical and temperate (non-snowpackdominated) regions. Such factors are key controls on baseflow through their influence on infiltration, rates of water removal from the catchment, and subsurface storage properties. The literature shows that there is much that remains to be resolved in gaining a solid understanding of the influence of watershed characteristics on baseflow. While it is clear that watershed geomorphology influences baseflow, there is no consensus on which geomorphic parameters are most closely linked to subsurface storage and baseflow. Many studies associate higher watershed forest cover with lower baseflows, attributed to high evapotranspiration rates of forests, while other studies indicate increased baseflow with higher watershed forest cover due to higher infiltration and recharge of subsurface storage. The demonstrated effects of agriculture and urbanization are also inconsistent, due to varied additions of imported water and extremely variable background conditions. This review underscores the need for more research that addresses multiple aspects of the watershed system in explaining baseflows, and for methodological consistency to allow for more fruitful comparisons across case studies. These needs are of immediate demand, given scientific and management emphasis on environmental flows required for maintenance of key ecosystem services.
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Chen, Hao, and Ramesh Teegavarapu. "Comparative Analysis of Four Baseflow Separation Methods in the South Atlantic-Gulf Region of the U.S." Water 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010120.

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Baseflow estimation and evaluation are two critical and essential tasks for water quality and quantity, drought management, water supply, and groundwater protection. Observed baseflows are rarely available and are limited to focused pilot studies. In this study, an exhaustive evaluation of four different baseflow separation methods (HYSEP, WHAT, BFLOW, and PART) using surrogates of observed baseflows estimated with the conductivity mass balance (CMB) method is carried out using data from several streamflow gauging sites from the South Atlantic-Gulf (SAG) region comprised of nine states in the Southeastern U.S. Daily discharge data from 75 streamflow gauging sites for the period 1970–2013, located in the least anthropogenically affected basins in the SAG region were used to estimate the baseflow index (BFI), which quantifies the contribution of baseflow from streamflows. The focus of this study is to compare the four different baseflow separation methods and calibrate and validate these methods using CMB method based estimates of baseflows to evaluate the variation of BFI values derived from these methods. Results from the study suggest that the PART and HYSEP methods provide the highest and lowest average BFI values of 0.62 and 0.52, respectively. Similarities in BFI values estimated from these methods are noted based on a strong correlation between WHAT and BFLOW. The highest BFI values were found in April in the eastern, western, and central parts of the SAG region, and the highest contribution of baseflow to the streamflow was noted in October in the southern region. However, the lowest BFI values were noted in the month of September in all regions of SAG. The calibrated WHAT method using data from the CMB method provides the highest correlation as noted by the coefficient of determination. This study documents an exhaustive and comprehensive evaluation of baseflow separation methods in the SAG region, and results from this work can aid in the selection of the best method based on different metrics reported in this study. The use of the best method can aid in the short and long term management of low flows at a regional level that supports a sustainable aquatic environment and mitigates the effects of droughts effectively.
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Zhang, Junlong, Panpan Zhao, Yongqiang Zhang, Lei Cheng, Jinxi Song, Guobin Fu, Yetang Wang, et al. "Long-Term Baseflow Responses to Projected Climate Change in the Weihe River Basin, Loess Plateau, China." Remote Sensing 14, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 5097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14205097.

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Climate change is a significant force influencing catchment hydrological processes, such as baseflow, i.e., the contribution of delayed pathways to streamflow in drought periods and is associated with catchment drought propagation. The Weihe River Basin is a typical arid and semi-arid catchment on the Loess Plateau in northwest China. Baseflow plays a fundamental role in the provision of water and environmental functions at the catchment scale. However, the baseflow variability in the projected climate change is not well understood. In this study, forcing meteorological data were derived from two climate scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) of three representative general circulation models (CSIRO-Mk3-6-0, MIROC5, and FGOALSg2) in CMIP5 and then were used as inputs in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model to simulate future streamflow. Finally, a well-revised baseflow separation method was implemented to estimate the baseflow to investigate long-term (historical (1960–2012) and future (2010–2054) periods) baseflow variability patterns. We found (1) that baseflow showed a decreasing trend in some simulations of future climatic conditions but not in all scenarios (p < 0.05), (2) that the contribution of baseflow to streamflow (i.e., baseflow index) amounted to approximately 45%, with a slightly increasing trend (p ≤ 0.001), and (3) an increased frequency of severe hydrological drought events in the future (2041–2053) due to baseflows much lower than current annual averages. This study benefits the scientific management of water resources in regional development and provides references for the semi-arid or water-limited catchments.
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Rudra, Ramesh, Imran Ahmed, Alamgir Khan, Kamal Singh, Pradeep Goel, Mohammad Khayer, and Trevor Dickenson. "Use of baseflow indices to delineate baseflow dominated and rapid response flow dominated watersheds." Canadian Biosystems Engineering 57, no. 1 (July 30, 2015): 1.1–1.11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7451/cbe.2015.57.1.1.

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Lee, Hanyong, Hyun-Seok Choi, Min-Suh Chae, and Youn-Shik Park. "A Study to Suggest Monthly Baseflow Estimation Approach for the Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Analysis Models: A Case Study in South Korea." Water 13, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 2043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13152043.

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Changes in both land use and rainfall patterns can lead to changes in the hydrologic behavior of the watershed. The long-term hydrologic impact analysis (L-THIA) model has been used to predict such changes and analyze the changes in mitigation scenarios. The model is simple as only a small amount of input data are required, but it can predict only the direct runoff and cannot determine the streamflow. This study, therefore, aimed to propose a method for predicting the monthly baseflow while maintaining the simplicity of the model. The monthly baseflows for 20 watersheds in South Korea were estimated under different land use conditions. Calibration of the monthly baseflow prediction method produced values for R2 and the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) within the ranges of 0.600–0.817 and 0.504–0.677, respectively; during validation, these values were in the ranges of 0.618–0.786 and 0.567–0.727, respectively. This indicates that the proposed method can reliably predict the monthly baseflow while maintaining the simplicity of the L-THIA model. The proposed model is expected to be applicable to all the various forms of the model.
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Liu, Liu, Ye, Sheng, You, Xiong, and Lai. "Application of a Digital Filter Method to Separate Baseflow in the Small Watershed of Pengchongjian in Southern China." Forests 10, no. 12 (November 22, 2019): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10121065.

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Baseflow plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability of streamflows, especially in watersheds. To reveal the evolution of baseflow in watersheds in southern China, this study investigated the variation in baseflow across the small watershed of Pengchongjian in Jiangxi Province. A digital filter method was applied to separate baseflow from local daily streamflow records for 1983–2014 using different values of filtering parameter (β) and filtering times (T). The separation results were validated by the baseflow index (BFI) method to determine the optimal parameters. When β = 0.90 and T = 2, the baseflow separation results conformed to the actual field situation in the watershed. The average monthly baseflow increased at first and then decreased, being unevenly distribution within a year, whereas average monthly BFI followed the opposite trend. On the seasonal scale, baseflow was ranked as spring > summer > winter > autumn, and the BFI as winter > spring > autumn > summer. Both the annual baseflow and BFI decreased at a rate of 2.30 mm/year and 0.0005/year, respectively. When considered on the annual scale, the BFI was lower in the wet years and higher in the dry years compared with normal years, averaging 0.22 in the watershed for the 1983–2014 period. This study obtained key optimal parameters for baseflow separation and revealed baseflow variation in the Pengchongjian watershed. These results provide a useful reference for studying the patterns of baseflow evolution in watersheds in southern China.
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Liu, D., J. Chang, F. Tian, Q. Huang, and X. Meng. "Analysis of baseflow index based hydrological model in Upper Wei River basin on the Loess Plateau in China." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 368 (May 7, 2015): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-368-403-2015.

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Abstract. The baseflow is the drainage from the groundwater and soil water to the streamflow. As one important source of the streamflow, the baseflow could be the main source of the streamflow in the dry season. The Wei River, located in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau which is overlain by deep and loose soil, is the largest tributary of the Yellow River. According to former research, most of the streamflow in the dry season in the headwater of the Yellow River is baseflow. For the whole Yellow River basin, the baseflow is an important component of the streamflow, and accounts for about 44% of the annual runoff. Physically-based distributed hydrological models can simulate the runoff components separately, and are important tools to analyse the runoff components. Given the importance of the baseflow in the dry season for drought relief to support the ecological water requirement and irrigation, especially in the Wei River, the baseflow is analysed in this study. To investigate the baseflow in the Upper Wei River basin, a semi-distributed hydrological model based on a Representative Elementary Watershed approach (THREW) is employed to investigate the runoff generation process. To compare the results, an automatic baseflow separation method proposed by Arnold is used to separate the baseflow from the daily streamflow at Beidao hydrological station in Upper Wei River basin from 2001 to 2004. Based on the hydrological modelling and the Arnold separation method, the average annual baseflow index, i.e. the ratio of baseflow to the total runoff, is estimated as in the range of 0.30–0.36. The average intra-annual monthly baseflow index represents the seasonality of the baseflow due to the seasonality of the precipitation and evapotranspiration, and is also analysed.
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Zhao, Guizhang, Lingying Kong, Yunliang Li, Yuanzhi Xu, and Zhiping Li. "Investigating Historical Baseflow Characteristics and Variations in the Upper Yellow River Basin, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 28, 2022): 9267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159267.

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The baseflow of the Yellow River is vital and important for water resource management and for understanding the hydrological cycle and ecohydrology setting in this arid and semi-arid basin. This study uses a Lyne and Hollick digital filtering technique to investigate the behaviors of the baseflow and the baseflow index in the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin (China). The observed streamflow discharges along the river were used to analyze the baseflow trend, persistence, and periodic characteristics during the period of 1950–2000. The results show that the average baseflow and BFI in the upper reaches of the Yellow River exhibit a decreasing trend and will continue to decline in the future. Generally, the annual average baseflow and BFI for the most upstream areas of the Yellow River show little difference, while the baseflow and BFI exhibit significant differences for the downstream areas. The filtered annual baseflow varied between 128 × 108 m3/year and 193 × 108 m3/year for the Yellow River. The BFI ranged from 0.54 to 0.65, with an average of 0.60. This indicates that on average, 60% of the long-term streamflow is likely controlled by groundwater discharge and shallow subsurface flow. Statistics show that two periodic variations were observed in the baseflow evolution process. The results indicate that on average, the first and second main cycles of baseflow behaviors occur at 28 years and 12–17 years, respectively. Correspondingly, the estimation indicates that the abrupt change points tend to appear in the 1960s, the 1980s, and the 1990s. An improved understanding of baseflow behaviors can help guide future strategies to manage the river regime, its water resources, and water quality.
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Zhang, Yinqin, Laurent Ahiablame, Bernard Engel, and Junmin Liu. "Regression Modeling of Baseflow and Baseflow Index for Michigan USA." Water 5, no. 4 (November 18, 2013): 1797–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w5041797.

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Wei, Chong, Xiaohua Dong, Yaoming Ma, Wenyi Zhao, Dan Yu, Muhammad Tayyab, and Huijuan Bo. "Impacts of Land Use Types, Soil Properties, and Topography on Baseflow Recharge and Prediction in an Agricultural Watershed." Land 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010109.

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Baseflow is an essential component of runoff, which is the dominant water resource for the dry season. To better manage water resources, it is vital to investigate the links between the multiple influencing factors and the baseflow for better prediction in light of global changes. Previous studies have seldom separated these influencing factors in the analysis, making it difficult to determine their effect on the baseflow. In this study, based on the analysis datasets generated by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, the control single variables, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression (MRL) methods were firstly combined to analyze the influences of the chosen factors (land use, topography, and soil type) on the baseflow. The findings revealed that the ability of precipitation to replenish the baseflow was better in areas with a higher slope. The ability of precipitation to recharge the baseflow for different land uses was ranked as “forest land > grass land > agricultural land > urban land”; land use factors should be added to the baseflow prediction equation. The hydrological group is the main property of soil affecting the baseflow recharge. A regression model established using publicly acquired remote sensing data had a good performance (R2 = 0.84) on baseflow prediction on an annual scale. As a result of this information, relevant government officials and environmentalists may better manage water supplies in drought years. In addition, this regression model frame has the potential to be used for a baseflow inquiry inside an ungauged zone for a better ecological assessment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Baseflow"

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Ng, Nicole. "Spatiotemporal variations of baseflow generation in the United States." Thesis, State University of New York Col. of Environmental Science & Forestry, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10192876.

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The traditional paradigm of baseflow generation assumes a uniform water table contributes baseflow evenly across a watershed. This thesis considers an alternate paradigm in which baseflow originates from a mix of localized sources that drain at different rates. Four forested headwater catchments across the United States were examined for spatial variability in baseflow sources by analyzing fractional baseflow contribution from each subcatchment relative to the catchment outlet. This revealed that subcatchment flow contributions changed dynamically through time, supporting the idea of different drainage rates in different places. A parallel linear reservoir model, which is predicated on heterogeneity in flow sources and not groundwater hydraulics, was used to simulate results consistent with observations in some of the study catchments. These results support the idea that in some locations baseflow recession may be better explained by landscape spatial heterogeneity than by aquifer hydraulics.

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Baillie, Matthew Nelson. "Quantifying baseflow inputs to the San Pedro River a geochemical approach /." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_2005_019_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Thorsell, Anna. "Drainage of flooded water : effects on baseflow in Awanui Stream, New Zealand." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-169200.

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In the Heretaunga Plains area, New Zealand, parts of the low lying land adjacent to the Awanui Stream are flooded annually. The purpose of the study was to find out if the flooding water trapped in the field gets sealed off from infiltrating the soils in any way (and hence is unavailable to replenish the stream flow). What would be the effects on stream base flow if pumping of the flooding water would occur direct to the stream after wet periods and heavy rains? The method of this project was to investigate the infiltration, soil type and ground water conditions in the field. The infiltration was investigated with the help of a double ring infiltration test, a disc permeameter that measures hydraulic conductivity, and pvc-pipes with core samples were saturated for an extended period of time to find out if there was any kind of seal forming during saturated conditions. The soil in field was sampled and a soil fraction test was performed. The potential evaporation was measured with an evaporation pan and calculated with data from a climate station in field. With flow records from the outgoing drain, potential evaporation and precipitation data a rough water balance model could be created. The results showed that there is no seal formed in the top part of the soil profile preventing the water from infiltrating. The flooding water is the result of a rising groundwater table, on top of a thick clay layer seven meters down in the ground. Once the flooding water has drained and evaporated away there is nothing wrong with the infiltration rate in field. There are very fine particles of silt and clay in the top soil that decreases the infiltration rate and can cause a separation of the ground water and the water above land surface. When the project was finished two recommendations could be given to the landowner to solve the problem with the flooding. The recommendations were to either re-level the field to get the surface water to runoff towards the drains instead of being trapped in the current low parts of the field. Or to dig drains from Horonui Drain and Cambell Drain into the field's low parts and in that way drain the flooding water away.
I området Heretaunga Plain, Nya Zeeland, översvämmas årligen delar av det låglänta området kring floden Awanui Stream. Syftet med den här studien var att ta reda på om översvämningsvattnet i fält hindras från infiltration i jorden på något sätt (och kan där med inte bidra till basflödet till floden). Vad skulle effekterna på basflödet i floden bli om översvämningsvattnet pumpades direkt ut i floden efter våtare perioder och större regn? Metoden för att svara på detta var att undersöka infiltrationen, jordtyperna och grundvattenförhållandena i fält. Infiltrationen undersöktes med hjälp av dubbelring infiltrationstest, en s.k. disc permeameter användes för att undersöka den hydrauliska konduktiviteten och PVC-rör med borrkärnor ställdes under vattenmättadeförhållanden en längre tid för att ta reda på om infiltrationen då skulle förändras. Jorden i fält provtogs och ett kornstorlekstest utfördes. Den potentiella avdunstningen mättes med en evaporationspanna och beräknades med data från en klimatstation i fält. Med flödesdata från diket med utgående vatten, potentiell avdunstning och nederbördsdata kunde en grov uppskattning av vattenbalansen i fält göras. Resultaten visade att det inte bildas någon hinna som hindrar infiltrationen av vatten i den övre delen av jordprofilen. Översvämningen är ett resultat av en stigande grundvattenyta, som stiger från ett tjockt lager av lera 7 meter ner i marken. När vattnet har dräneras och avdunstat bort är det ingenting som hindrar infiltrationen i fält. Det är dock väldigt fina partiklar av silt och lera i den översta torvjorden som minskar infiltrationshastigheten och kan orsaka en separation av grundvatten över och under markytan. När projektet var avslutat kunde två rekommendationer ges till landägaren om hur man kan lösa problemet med översvämningen. Rekommendationerna var att antingen skulle landägaren kunna göra om marknivån i fält för att få ytvattnet att rinna av mot dikena istället för att vara fast i de lägre partierna av fältet. Eller att gräva diken in i fältet från Horonui Drain och Cambell Drain in till de lägre översvämmade områdena i fält för att dränera bort översvämningsvattnet.
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Neary, Daniel G., and John N. Rinne. "Baseflow Trends in the Upper Verde River Relative to Fish Habitat Requirements." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296476.

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Hidayat, Noor 1952. "Baseflow evaluation of a logged small watershed of the Bull Run River, Oregon." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278028.

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The impact of logging operation on baseflow yield on the Bull Run Municipal watershed, Oregon was examined. Daily streamflow data, from 1958 to 1984, for the three small watersheds on the Bull Run river were analyzed. The baseflow recession coefficient was determined by analyses of successive days flows. Least squares and linear regression analysis were utilized to evaluate the effect of treatments. It was shown that logging of 25 percent of total treated watershed reduced mean daily baseflow yield, but this was not significantly different at either the 0.05 or 0.01 level. Also, it was shown by the untreated watershed that there was a significant difference, at the 0.05 level, of baseflow yield between the period of pre- and post-logging. The decreased baseflow yield may have resulted from decreasing fog drip and increasing evaporation rate in the logged areas and from decreasing precipitation on the watersheds during the post-logging period.
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Roningen, Jeanne Marie. "Hydrogeologic Controls on Lake Level at Mountain Lake, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31950.

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Mountain Lake in Giles County, Virginia, has a documented history of severe natural lake-level changes involving groundwater seepage [Jansons, 2004] that extend over the past 4200 years [Cawley, 1999], and as of December 2010 the lake was about 2% full by volume. Situated in the Valley and Ridge physiographic province on the axis of a plunging anticline and straddling contacts between three upper Ordovician and lower Silurian formations, the lake is one of two natural lakes in Virginia.

A daily water balance, geophysical surveying with dipole-dipole electrical resistivity, and chemical sampling have shed light on the nature of flow to and from the lake, including: 1) the steady nature of net groundwater outflow, 2) the seasonal response to precipitation of a forested first-order drainage system in fractured rock, 3) the influence of a fault not previously discussed in literature regarding the lake, and 4) the possibility of flow pathways through karst features.

Results from a water balance indicate steady lake drainage and significant recharge when vegetation is dormant, particularly during rain-on-snow melt events. The resistivity profiles display a highly heterogeneous subsurface and reveal low-resistivity areas that suggest flow pathways to and from the lake. Well logs, satellite images, and outcrop observations appear to confirm the presence of a fault to the east of the lake. Chemical evidence suggests that karst features may be present in the upper Reedsville-Trenton formation underlying the lakebed.
Master of Science

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Simpson, Scott. "Modeling Stream-Aquifer Interactions During Floods and Baseflow: Upper San Pedro River, Southeastern Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193338.

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Streams and groundwaters interact in distinctly different ways during flood versus base flow periods. Recent research in the Upper San Pedro River using isotopic and chemical data shows that (1) near-stream, or 'riparian,' groundwater recharged during high streamflow periods is a major contributor to streamflow for the rest of the year, and (2) the amount of riparian groundwater derived from this flood recharge can vary widely (10-90%) along the river. Riparian groundwater in gaining reaches is almost entirely basin groundwater, whereas losing reaches are dominated by prior streamflow.This description of streamflow gives rise to the questions of (1) how much flood recharge occurs at the river-scale, and (2) subsequently, what is the relative importance of flood recharge and basin groundwater in maintaining the hydrologic state of the riparian system. To address these questions, a coupled hydrologic-solute model was constructed for 45 km of the Upper San Pedro riparian system.
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Schulte, Marc Alan. "Dilution Gauging as a Method to Quantify Groundwater Baseflow Fluctuations in Arizona's San Pedro River." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0133_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Shukla, Sanjay. "Impacts of Best Management Practices on Nitrogen Discharge From a Virginia Coastal Plain Watershed." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29928.

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Long-term watershed and field nitrogen (N) balances were used in this study to quantify the surface (baseflow) and ground water lag times and effects of BMPs on N discharge from a Virginia Coastal Plain watershed. Ten-year water quantity/quality data (1986-1996) collected at the Nomini Creek (NC) watershed were used. Field (Field-N) and watershed (Watershed-N) scale N models were developed for computing the N balances. BMPs evaluated in this study included no-till corn and split N application. The role of atmospheric N (atm-N) deposition (dry+wet) in masking the effects of BMPs on watershed N loading was also investigated. Nitrogen retention and discharge from the forest areas in the NC watershed were simulated using the 5-year water and N input and output data from forested subwatersheds. Field and watershed N balances (WNBAL) were used to evaluate the effects of BMPs on measured surface and ground water N in the NC watershed. A 6-month laboratory study was conducted to develop N mineralization (Nmin) models for agricultural, forest, and fallow soils in the NC watershed. Mineralization potential (N0) and rate constants (k) for surface and subsurface soils from agricultural, forest, and fallow soils were estimated by fitting the laboratory measured data to a first-order model, using the nonlinear regression procedure. A large variability (300%, 163 - 471 kg/ha) in N0 of agricultural surface soils was observed. On average, forest soils had much higher potentially mineralizable N than agricultural soils. The first-order model was incorporated into the Field-N model to predict daily Nmin using the measured N0 and k and daily values of soil water and temperature. Atmospheric deposition was a major source of N in the NC watershed, accounting for 23% of the total N input. Variation in atm-N deposition during the 10-year period was from 10 to 42 kg/ha (average = 25 kg/ha); much larger than the variation in fertilizer N (37 to 51 kg/ha). Atm-N deposition was found to be a controlling factor affecting surface water DIN (dissolved inorganic N) and TDN (total dissolved N) loading in the NC watershed; an indication that atm-N deposition is a masking factor in the BMP impact evaluation. Large uncertainty in atm-N deposition existed due to uncertainty involved in quantifying dry N deposition. Forested areas of the NC watershed retained 77% of the atm-N deposition. Forest area N discharge was simulated using the 77% retention and annual atmospheric deposition. Comparison of Field-N predicted N balance and leaching (steady-state and transient conditions) with observed ground water NO3 concentration revealed that the ground water lag time ranged from 2 to 8 months. Unusually rapid transport of solute in the watershed was facilitated by the network of discontinuous clay lenses. Based on the lag time, the pre-BMP (1986-1990) and post-BMP (1991-1995) periods were defined. Results from Field-N indicated that implementation of split fertilizer N on corn reduced the post-BMP ground water NO3 concentration by 10-12% at two of the four ground water monitoring sites. The split N application reduced the frequency of detection of high NO3 (> 9 mg/l) concentration by 44% during the post-BMP period. Considerably large uncertainty existed in evaluating the effects of BMPs on ground water NO3 due to N contributions from neighboring agricultural and forest areas. Effects of no-till corn could not be evaluated since this BMP was already implemented at the sites prior to the beginning of the study. Results of statistical trend analysis of the ground water N supported the modeling results. Watershed-N model was able to accurately predict the effects of land use activities on watershed N balances (WNBAL) and baseflow and ground water N. A one-to-one relationship between the WNBAL and observed N loading and concentration time series was observed. Comparison of WNBAL and measured baseflow N revealed that the baseflow lag time or residence time was between 4-11 months. Multivariate regression models were developed to predict baseflow N using Watershed-N results. The multivariate model predicted the N loading and concentration exceptionally well (R2 > 90%). Corn N input and output and acreage was an important predictor of ground water N and baseflow N loading and concentration. Post-BMP WNBAL was considerably less than the WNBAL for the pre-BMP period. However, these reductions were mainly due to the 43% reductions in atm-N deposition and 31% increase in the plant uptake during the post-BMP period. Reductions in WNBAL caused by BMPs were only 5%. Reductions in N loading caused by BMPs were 10%. Statistical trend analysis of monitoring and modeling results indicated significant post-BMP reductions in WNBAL and DIN and TDN loading. However, poor to moderate evidence was available to suggest that BMPs caused a significant reductions in WNBAL and N loading. Marginal effects of BMPs could mainly be attributed to insufficient BMP implementation. Watershed-N was used to evaluate N reduction scenarios and to design BMPs. Irrigating corn was one of the best BMPs, as it could reduce N loading from NC watershed by 50%. Quantification of lag time and long-term watershed N balances from this study provide crucial information for understanding N cycling and factors controlling N discharges which is essential for designing programs for controlling N discharges from Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain watersheds.
Ph. D.
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Cameron, Stewart Graham. "A hydrogeological study of the interaction between Avon River baseflow and shallow groundwater, Christchurch, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8023.

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The relationship between shallow groundwater levels and Avon River baseflow upstream of Gloucester Street has been investigated. Avon River baseflow is supplied by shallow groundwater-fed springs. Historical and anecdotal information indicate that since European settlement of the Christchurch area in the 1850's, Avon River baseflow has declined. The baseflow decline is attributed to the progressive lowering of the Christchurch area watertable which has caused downstream migration of headwater spring positions and a reduction in spring discharge. Prior to this study minimal historical Avon River flow data existed, and a quantitative estimation of the decline in baseflow is not possible. A management plan for maintaining acceptable baseflow levels in the Avon River is currently being developed by the Canterbury Regional Council. The aim of this study was to provide information on the relationship between Avon River baseflow and shallow groundwater levels to aid baseflow management. The Christchurch groundwater system is characterised by a watertable aquifer that overlies a series of layered confined aquifers. Direct groundwater discharge into the Avon River is considered to be from both the watertable aquifer and upper most confined aquifer. Groundwater was found to enter the river system by two different mechanisms; seepage through stream bed gravel and artesian spring discharge. Groundwater seepage through streambed gravel occurs where the stream channel intersects the watertable aquifer. Artesian springs occur where water-bearing gravels are overlain by between approximately 1 to 10 m of finer-grained confining sediment. Artesian spring water is thought to flow from both the watertable aquifer and the uppermost confined aquifer. Pipes through the confining sediment connect the spring vent to the underlying water-bearing gravels. When the hydraulic head of the underlying gravel aquifer is above the stream stage artesian spring flow will occur. Tributary baseflow and shallow groundwater data were collected for the 11 month period, February 1992 to January 1993. In addition, baseflow was separated from the Avon River flow record. Available flow data indicate that mean A von River baseflow at Gloucester Street from 1980 to 1992 was approximately 1700 1/s. In March 1993 Avon River baseflow was 50% of that in March 1980. Large rainfall events in late-August 1992 caused Avon River baseflow in January 1993 to increase to approximately 77% of the March 1980 value. Regression analysis established a relationship between both hydraulic head in the upper most confined aquifer and unconfined watertable levels, to Avon River baseflow (R² > 0.8). The flow hydrograph showed that the daily abstraction of shallow groundwater from beneath the catchment caused an associated reduction in flow. Seasonal fluctuations in spring discharge and baseflow were found to be greater in the western tributaries than the eastern tributaries. This is attributed to the greater seasonal fluctuation of shallow groundwater levels in the western area of the catchment than in the eastern area. From available data the peak in seasonal groundwater levels occurred throughout the study area during the period of 24-27 October 1992. No observable time delay occurred between the seasonal peaks in shallow groundwater levels and Avon River baseflow at Gloucester Street. In order to sustain acceptable rates of Avon River baseflow, shallow groundwater levels need to be maintained in areas of the catchment were groundwater enters the river. As a first step, the Canterbury Regional Council has placed restrictions on the abstraction of groundwater in areas where springs occur. The information presented in this study on the relationship between shallow groundwater levels and Avon River baseflow confirms the need for management of shallow groundwater levels in areas where groundwater contributes to baseflow. To ascertain the effectiveness of remedial measures continued monitoring of A von River baseflow and shallow groundwater levels are necessary.
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Books on the topic "Baseflow"

1

Hydrology, Institute of. Baseflow index: Scotland. Wallingford: Institute of Hydrology, 1986.

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Raju, T. S. Long term baseflow studies. Roorkee: INCOH Secretariat, 1995.

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Sinclair, Kirk A. Estimated baseflow characteristics of selected Washington rivers and streams. Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Environmental Assessment Program, 1999.

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Sinclair, Kirk A. Estimated baseflow characteristics of selected Washington rivers and streams. Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Environmental Assessment Program, 1999.

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Payne, G. A. Ground-water baseflow to the upper Mississippi River upstream of the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, Minnesota during July 1988. Mounds View, Minn: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Payne, G. A. Ground-water baseflow to the upper Mississippi River upstream of the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, Minnesota during July 1988. Mounds View, Minn: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Payne, G. A. Ground-water baseflow to the upper Mississippi River upstream of the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, Minnesota during July 1988. Mounds View, Minn: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Heisig, Paul M. Effects of residential and agricultural land uses on the chemical quality of baseflow of small streams in the Croton Watershed, southeastern New York. [Troy, NY: U.S. Geological Survey, Dept. of the Interior, 2000.

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Groundwater contributions to baseflow in the Merced River: Processes, flow paths, and residence times : PIER final project report. [Sacramento, Calif.]: California Energy Commission, 2008.

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H, Conklin Martha, Liu Fengjing, California Energy Commission. Public Interest Energy Research., and University of California Merced, eds. Groundwater contributions to baseflow in the Merced River: Processes, flow paths, and residence times : PIER final project report. [Sacramento, Calif.]: California Energy Commission, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Baseflow"

1

Holzbecher, Ekkehard. "Aquifer Baseflow and 2D Meshing." In Environmental Modeling, 253–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22042-5_13.

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Baharudin, Fauzi Bin, Asma Nabilla Iskak, and Amirudean Shafiee. "Determination of Baseflow Index for Bernam River at Tanjung Malim." In InCIEC 2013, 303–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-02-6_26.

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van der Perk, Marcel, Philip N. Owens, Lynda K. Deeks, and Barry G. Rawlins. "Streambed Sediment Geochemical Controls on In-Stream Phosphorus Concentrations During Baseflow." In The Interactions Between Sediments and Water, 79–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5478-5_9.

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Mujere, Never, and Saeid Eslamian. "Flood Hydrograph and Baseflow Separation Using the Web- Based Hydrograph Analysis Tool." In Flood Handbook, 419–32. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003262640-24.

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Muttiah, Ranjan S., R. Srinivasan, Peter M. Allen, and Jeffrey G. Arnold. "Baseflow Mapping of the South-Central and Southeastern United States using GIS." In SSSA Special Publications, 247–57. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub48.c15.

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Sikdar, Pradip K., Shouri Dutta, Saheb Das, Surajit Chakraborty, and Utsab Ghosal. "Hydrogeological Assessment for Development and Management of Baseflow for Public Water Supply in Semi-arid and Fluoride Affected Hard Rock Areas." In Groundwater Development and Management, 441–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75115-3_19.

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Grah, Oliver, and Jezra Beaulieu. "The effect of climate change on glacier ablation and baseflow support in the Nooksack River basin and implications on Pacific salmonid species protection and recovery." In Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples in the United States, 149–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05266-3_12.

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Souto, Pablo, Richard Schofield, Terry Chung, and Claire Howarth. "An approach to manage the uncertainty of groundwater baseflows in the design of drainage attenuation systems in HS2 Area North." In High Speed Two (HS2): Infrastructure Design and Construction (Volume 3), 59–73. London: ICE Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/hs2.66892.059.

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Skark, Christian, Uwe Willme, Ninette Zullei-Seibert, and Ulrich Gatzemann. "Pesticide load in surface water during baseflow condition." In Groundwater 2000, 155–56. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003078593-78.

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Ghanbarpour, M. "Groundwater contribution to total runoff using baseflow separation." In Groundwater for Sustainable Development. Taylor & Francis, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203894569.ch2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Baseflow"

1

Yongping Yuan, Ronald L Bingner, and Fred D Theurer. "AnnAGNPS: Baseflow Feature." In 2008 Providence, Rhode Island, June 29 - July 2, 2008. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.24643.

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Ahmed, Nazeer. "Statistical Distributions, Direct Runoff, and Baseflow." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40976(316)581.

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Zhan, Hongbin, and Xiuyu Liang. "BASEFLOW RECESSION FROM UNSATURATED-SATURATED FLOW." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-302315.

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Fureby, Christer, and Marco Kupiainen. "LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF SUPERSONIC AXISYMMETRIC BASEFLOW." In Third Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/tsfp3.1930.

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Yang Du and Dingzhi Peng. "Study of ecological baseflow in Fenghe River." In 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893174.

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Augustin, Kai, Ulrich Rist, and Siegfried Wagner. "Active Control of Separation Bubbles Exploiting Laminar Baseflow Instabilities." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31047.

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In the present paper laminar separation bubbles are investigated by means of direct numerical simulations with respect to steady and unsteady 2D and 3D Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) like boundary layer disturbances. The specific influence of several disturbance modes on the size and shape of the laminar separation bubble are considered to allow for an effective reduction of the region of separated flow. Based on these results a criterion to detect the extension of the bubble is derived which is a suitable input for a controller.
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Hantush, Mohamed M., Morihiro Harada, and Miguel A. Mariño. "Hydraulic Analysis of Baseflow and Bank Storage in Alluvial Streams." In Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40581(2001)84.

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Hoffmann, Justin G., James T. Mangarillo, and David Brandes. "Correlation of Multiple Baseflow Recession Constants with Watershed Hydrogeomorphic Parameters." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40685(2003)232.

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Amir P Nejadhashemi, Adel Shirmohammadi, Hubert J Montas, Joseph M Sheridan, and David D Bosch. "Analysis of Watershed Physical and Hydrological Effects on Baseflow Separation." In 2007 Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 17-20, 2007. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23210.

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Sánchez-Murillo, Ricardo. "DOC transport and export in a dynamic tropical catchment." In I Congreso Internacional de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/cicen.1.35.

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Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) transport and export from headwater forests into freshwaters in highly dynamic tropical catchments are still understudied. Here, we present a DOC analysis (2017) in a pristine and small (~2.6 km2) tropical catchment of Costa Rica. Storm flows governed a rapid surface and lateral allochthonous DOC transport (62.2% of the annual DOC export). Cross-correlation analysis of rainfall and stream discharge indicated that DOC transport occurred on average ~1.25 hours after the rainfall maxima, with large contributions of event water, ranging from 42.4±0.3% up to 98.2±0.3% of the total discharge. Carbon export flux (annual mean=6.7±0.1 g C m-2 yr-1) was greater than values reported in subtropical and temperate catchments. Specific ultraviolet absorbance indicated a mixture of hydrophobic humic and hydrophilic non-humic matter during both baseflow and storm events. Our results highlight the rapid storm-driven DOC transport and export as well as low biogeochemical attenuation during baseflow episodes in a climate sensitive hot-spot. By understanding the key factors controlling the amount of organic carbon transported to streams in dynamic tropical landscapes, better global and catchment-scale model assessments, conservation practices, and water treatment innovations can be identified.
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Reports on the topic "Baseflow"

1

Nichols, R. L. Results of a baseflow tritium survey of surface water in Georgia across from the Savannah River Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10170122.

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Tanika, Lisa, Betha Lusiana, and Adis Hendriatna. Simulasi Dampak Perubahan Tutupan Lahan dan Iklim di DAS Citarum Hulu dengan Model GenRiver: Kalibrasi model dan analisa sensitivitas. World Agroforestry, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp20048.pdf.

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Alih guna lahan dan perubahan iklim merupakan faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kondisi hidrologi di suatu Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS), dan yang dapat mempengaruhi efektifitas fungsi DASdalam mempertahankan keseimbangan neraca air di tingkat bentang alam. Oleh karena itu pengelolaan DAS yang didukung dengan perencanaan DAS terpadu yang juga mengatur peruntukan dan pemafaatan wilayah sangat diperlukan. Langkah awal dalam perencanaan DAS adalah dengan menilai kondisi fungsi hidrologi DAS tersebut dengat tujuan mengetahui apakah DAS mulai atau telah mengalami degradasi, atau sebaliknya mulai mengalami perbaikan fungsi DAS. Model simulasi seperti model Genriver dapat digunakan menilai kondisi saat ini serta memproyeksikan bagaimana dampak perubahan lahan dan iklim terhadap kondisi hidrologis DAS. Salah satu DAS penting di Jawa Barat adalah DAS Citarum Hulu sebagi bagian dari DAS Citarum yang telah ditetapkan sebagai salah satu DAS prioritas nasional. Kalibrasi model dan analisis sensitivitas menjadi bagian penting untuk mengetahui kelayakan suatu model hidrologi dalam mensimulasikan kondisi DAS, khususnya dalam mengestimasi neraca air di tingkat lansekap. Hasil kalibrasi model GenRiver dengan menggunakan data tahun 2012-2016 menunjukkan bahwa parameterisasi model telah berhasil dan model layak digunakan untuk analisa sensitivitas dan simulasi skenario. Hasil simulasi model, menunjukan bahwa secara rata-rata 37% curah hujan yang jatuh di DAS Citarum Hulu menjadi aliran permukaan (surface flow/run-off), 7% menjadi aliran bawah permukaan (sub-surface flow) dan 20% menjadi aliran dasar (baseflow). Analisa senssitivitas dilakukan dengan menyusun lima skenario tutupan lahan dan tiga skenario curah hujan yang dianggap mewakili berbagai kondisi yang mungkin termasuk kondisi ekstrim: yaitu keseluruhan lahan menjadi area terbuka (ekstrim negatif) dan seluruh lahan menjadi hutan (ekstrim positif). Hasil proyeksi simulasi ekstrim negatif menunjukan bahwa kondisi DAS Citarum Hulu yang terdegradasi dengan dominasi lahan terbuka berpotensi meningkatkan aliran permukaan hingga mencapai 70% dari curah hujan. Sedangkan perbaikan tutupan lahan DAS Citarum hulu dengan reforestasi (skenario ekstrim positif) mampu menurunkan aliran permukaan hingga mencapai 20% dari total curah hujan.
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Cram, Jana, Mary Levandowski, Kaci Fitzgibbon, and Andrew Ray. Water resources summary for the Snake River and Jackson Lake Reservoir in Grand Teton National Park and John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway: Preliminary analysis of 2016 data. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285179.

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This report summarizes discharge and water quality monitoring data for the Snake River and Jackson Lake reservoir levels in Grand Teton National Park and John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway for calendar year 2016. Annual and long-term discharge summaries and an evaluation of chemical conditions relative to state and federal water quality standards are presented. These results are considered provisional, and may be subject to change. River Discharge: Hydrographs for the Snake River at Flagg Ranch, WY, and Moose, WY, exhibit a general pattern of high early summer flows and lower baseflows occurring in late summer and fall. During much of 2016, flows at the Flagg Ranch monitoring location were similar to the 25th percentile of daily flows at that site. Peak flows at Flagg Ranch were similar to average peak flow from 1983 to 2015 but occurred eleven days earlier in the year compared to the long-term average. Peak flows and daily flows at the Moose monitoring station were below the long-term average. Peak flows occurred four days later than the long-term average. During summer months, the unnatural hydro-graph at the Moose monitoring location exhibited signs of flow regulation associated with the management of Jackson Lake. Water Quality Monitoring in the Snake River: Water quality in the Snake River exhibited seasonal variability over the sampling period. Specifically, total iron peaked during high flows. In contrast, chloride, sulfate, sodium, magnesium, and calcium levels were at their annual minimum during high flows. Jackson Lake Reservoir: Reservoir storage dynamics in Jackson Lake exhibit a pattern of spring filling associated with early snowmelt runoff reaching maximum storage in mid-summer (on or near July 1). During 2016, filling water levels and reservoir storage began to increase in Jackson Lake nearly two weeks earlier than the long-term average and coincident with increases in runoff-driven flows in the Snake River. Although peak storage in Jackson Lake was larger and occurred earlier than the long-term average, minimum storage levels were similar to the long-term average.
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Effects of residential and agricultural land uses on the chemical quality of baseflow of small streams in the Croton Watershed, southeastern New York. US Geological Survey, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri994173.

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Hydrogeology and water quality of the Pepacton Reservoir Watershed in southeastern New York. Part 1. Concentrations of pesticides and their degradates in stream baseflow, 2000-2001. US Geological Survey, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri034137.

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