Journal articles: 'Baseball bats'

1

Brody, Howard. "Models of baseball bats." American Journal of Physics 58, no. 8 (August 1990): 756–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.16378.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Noble, Larry, and Hugh Walker. "Baseball Bat Inertial and Vibrational Characteristics and Discomfort Following Ball–Bat Impacts." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 10, no. 2 (May 1994): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.10.2.132.

Full text

Abstract:

This study examined the relationship between selected mechanical characteristics of aluminum baseball bats and sensations on the hands resulting from impacts. Sixteen skilled male Little League baseball players held each of two bats while they were impacted at the following locations by baseballs at speeds of approximately 27 m/s: near barrel end, center of percussion (COP), distal node of the fundamental mode, and 4 in. toward the hands from the COP. Results of a questionnaire regarding annoyance and discomfort were correlated with selected bat characteristics and vibrational characteristics associated with each impact condition. Results indicated that perceptions of annoyance and discomfort were related to the level of excitation of the fundamental mode and first overtone mode and that annoyance and discomfort were less with impacts on the COP and fundamental vibrational node.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Petersen, DR, RE Link, LV Smith, and JT Axtell. "Mechanical Testing of Baseball Bats." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 31, no. 3 (2003): 11384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte12421j.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Dujovny, Manuel, Ibe Onyekachi, and Eimir Perez-Arjona. "Baseball bats: a silent weapon." Neurological Research 31, no. 10 (December 2009): 1005–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174313209x385716.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Nathan, Alan M. "Characterizing the performance of baseball bats." American Journal of Physics 71, no. 2 (February 2003): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1522699.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Benjamin, Bill. "Composite baseball bats with striking features." Reinforced Plastics 46, no. 9 (September 2002): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-3617(02)80161-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Greenwald, Richard M., Lori H. Penna, and Joseph J. Crisco. "Differences in Batted Ball Speed with Wood and Aluminum Baseball Bats: A Batting Cage Study." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 17, no. 3 (August 2001): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.17.3.241.

Full text

Abstract:

Differences in the performance of wood and metal baseball bats, measured as a function of batted ball speed, were quantified in a batting cage study. Two wood and five metal baseball bat models were studied with 19 players of various levels of experience ranging from high school to professional. Batted ball speeds from 538 hits were computed from high-speed 3-D ball position data collected with a commercially available system. In general, metal bats had significantly higher batted ball speeds than wood bats. Of the five metal bat models studied, one outperformed all other models and one bat was most similar to wood bats. The average difference in batted ball speed between wood bats and the highest performing metal bat was approximately 9 mph. Maximum batted ball speeds of 101 and 106 mph were measured for wood and metal bats, respectively. Increased skill level significantly increased the maximum batted ball speeds generated independent of bat model. Players of all experience levels were able to generate batted ball speeds in excess of 100 mph. While the results of this study are limited to the specific bats tested, this is the first study to measure and report differences in batted ball speeds among wood and metal bats.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Tomita, Natsuki, Koji Murata, Masashi Nakamura, Hiroshi Akitsu, and Hisashi Ohsaki. "Use of Dakekanba Wood for Baseball-bats." Mokuzai Gakkaishi 66, no. 1 (January 25, 2020): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2488/jwrs.66.39.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

KAWAKAMI, Jungo, and Hiroyuki KATO. "Breakage of baseball wood bats during hitting." Proceedings of the Materials and Mechanics Conference 2017 (2017): PS08. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemm.2017.ps08.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

KAWAKAMI, Jungo, and Hiroyuki KATO. "Impact deformation characteristics of wooden baseball bats." Proceedings of Conference of Hokkaido Branch 2018.56 (2018): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehokkaido.2018.56.333.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Russell, Dan. "Swing Weights of Baseball and Softball Bats." Physics Teacher 48, no. 7 (October 2010): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.3488193.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Nicholls, Rochelle L., Bruce C. Elliott, Karol Miller, and Michael Koh. "Bat Kinematics in Baseball: Implications for Ball Exit Velocity and Player Safety." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 19, no. 4 (November 2003): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.19.4.283.

Full text

Abstract:

Ball exit velocity (BEV) was measured from 17 experienced baseball hitters using wood and metal bats of similar length and mass but different moments of inertia. This research was conducted in response to safety issues for defensive players related to high BEV from metal baseball bats reported in the literature. Our purpose was to determine whether metal bats, with their lower swing moment of inertia, produce a higher linear bat tip velocity than wooden bats swung by the same players. Analysis using high-speed videography indicated significant differences in the x-component of velocity for both the proximal (metal = 5.4 m s−1; wood = 3.9 m s−1) and distal ends of the bats (metal = 37.2 m s−1; wood = 35.2 m s−1), p < 0.01. The orientation of the bats with respect to the horizontal plane was also significantly more “square” 0.005 s prior to impact (270°) for the metal (264.3°) compared with the wood bat (251.5°), p < 0.01. Mean BEV from metal bats (44.3 m s−1) was higher than the 41 m s−1 velocity which corresponds to the minimum movement time for a pitcher to avoid a ball hit in his direction (Cassidy & Burton, 1989).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Mazloomi, Mohammad Sadegh, and Philip D. Evans. "Shape Optimization of a Wooden Baseball Bat Using Parametric Modeling and Genetic Algorithms." AI 2, no. 3 (August 22, 2021): 381–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ai2030024.

Full text

Abstract:

Baseball is a popular and very lucrative bat-and-ball sport that uses a wooden bat to score runs. We hypothesize that new design features for baseball bats will emerge from their shape optimization using parametric modeling and genetic algorithms. We converge the location of two points on bats made from maple (Acer sp.) and ash (Fraxinus sp.) wood that are associated with increased velocity of a ball rebounding off a bat: vibrational nodal points and the center of percussion (COP). Our modeling and optimization approach was able to reduce the distance between the nodal points and COP from 166.0 mm to 52.1 mm. This change was similar in both wood species and resulted from changes to the geometry of the bat, specifically shifting of the mass of the bat toward the center of the barrel and removing mass from the very end of the barrel. We conclude that the combination of parametric finite element modeling and optimization using genetic algorithms is a powerful tool for exploring virtual designs for baseball bats that are based on performance criteria and suggest that our designs could be realized in practice using subtractive manufacturing technology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Crisco, Joseph J., Nikolas J. Osvalds, and Michael J. Rainbow. "The Kinetics of Swinging a Baseball Bat." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 34, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2017-0337.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to compute the 3-dimensional kinetics required to swing 3 youth baseball bats of varying moments of inertia. The 306 swings by 22 male players (age 13–18 y) were analyzed. Inverse dynamics with respect to the batter’s hands were computed given the known kinematics and physical properties of the bats. Peak force increased with larger bat moments of inertia and was strongly correlated with bat tip speed. By contrast, peak moments were weakly correlated with bat moments of inertia and bat tip speed. Throughout the swing, the force applied to the bat was dominated by a component aligned with the long axis of the bat and directed away from the bat knob, whereas the moment applied to the bat was minimal until just prior to ball impact. These results indicate that players act to mostly “pull” the bat during their swing until just prior to ball impact, at which point they rapidly increase the moment on the bat. This kinetic analysis provides novel insight into the forces and moments used to swing baseball bats.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Smith, Lloyd, and James Sherwood. "Engineering our Favorite Pastime." Mechanical Engineering 132, no. 04 (April 1, 2010): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2010-apr-6.

Full text

Abstract:

This article describes the equipment and technology advances in baseball and softball games. Research efforts are currently being pursued by the authors to develop a layer-by-layer finite element model of a baseball. While work on improved ball models is ongoing, a number of significant accomplishments have been made with current models. These include comparing bat performance, describing the plastic deformation (denting) observed in metal bats, and the failure modes observed with wood bats. To simulate the bat/ball impact at game-like speeds, a durability machine is used to fire balls at a bat at speeds up to 200 mph, at the rate of 10 per minute. After a ball is shot, it falls into a trough and is loaded back into the magazine, which holds up to 36 balls. The bat-support mechanism simulates the grip and flexibility of a batter and can be programmed to rotate the bat between hits to simulate the use of hollow bats or to remain “label up” as is needed for wood bats.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Crisco, Joseph J., Michael J. Rainbow, Joel B. Schwartz, and Bethany J. Wilcox. "Batting Cage Performance of Wood and Nonwood Youth Baseball Bats." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 30, no. 2 (April 2014): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2012-0178.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to examine the batting cage performance of wood and nonwood baseball bats used at the youth level. Three wood and ten nonwood bats were swung by 22 male players (13 to 18 years old) in a batting cage equipped with a 3-dimensional motion capture (300 Hz) system. Batted ball speeds were compared using a one-way ANOVA and bat swing speeds were analyzed as a function of bat moment of inertia by linear regression. Batted ball speeds were significantly faster for three nonwood bat models (P< .001), significantly slower for one nonwood model, and not different for six nonwood bats when compared with wood bats. Bat impact speed significantly (P< .05) decreased with increasing bat moment of inertia for the 13-, 14-, and 15-year-old groups, but not for the other age groups. Ball-bat coefficients of restitution (BBCOR) for all nonwood were greater than for wood, but this factor alone did not correlate with bat performance. Our findings indicate that increases in BBCOR and swing speed were not associated with faster batted ball speeds for the bats studied whose moment of inertia was substantially less than that of a wood bat of similar length.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

CRISCO, JOSEPH J., RICHARD M. GREENWALD, JEFFREY D. BLUME, and LORRAINE H. PENNA. "Batting performance of wood and metal baseball bats." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 34, no. 10 (October 2002): 1675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200210000-00021.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Pestka II, Kenneth A., and Derek E. Holmberg. "Acoustic and dynamic characterization of wooden baseball bats." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 145, no. 3 (March 2019): 1923–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5101987.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Fleisig, G. S., L. Noble, and J. J. Crisco. "THE BIODYNAMICS OF ALUMINUM BASEBALL AND SOFTBALL BATS." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 33, no. 5 (May 2001): S134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200105001-00767.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Shenoy, Mahesh M., Lloyd V. Smith, and John T. Axtell. "Performance assessment of wood, metal and composite baseball bats." Composite Structures 52, no. 3-4 (May 2001): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-8223(01)00030-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Campshure, Blake, Patrick Drane, and James A. Sherwood. "An Investigation of Wood Baseball Bat Durability as a Function of Bat Profile and Slope of Grain Using Finite Element Modeling and Statistical Analysis." Applied Sciences 12, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 3494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12073494.

Full text

Abstract:

To counter a perceived increase in multi-piece fracturing of wood baseball bats, Major League Baseball implemented standards to regulate the quality of wood used in the making of professional-grade baseball bats. These specifications included a minimum density as a function of wood species and a standard related to slope of grain (SoG). Following the implementation of these specifications in 2008, there was a 65% reduction in the multi-piece failure rate. It is hypothesized that a further reduction in the breakage rate can be realized through the implementation of regulations on allowable bat profiles. In the current work, a parametric study was conducted to develop a quantitative understanding of the relationship between bat durability (i.e., resistance to breaking), SoG, and bat profile, thereby obtaining data to support or refute the hypothesis. Finite element models of the bat/ball impact of four different popular bat profiles were created using LS-DYNA software. Similarities and differences between bat profiles impacted at two relatively vulnerable axial locations are presented and discussed. Lastly, the respective bat durabilities for all of the profiles were compared using a probability analysis that considers the SoG, impact location, impact velocity, and it predicts an in-service bat durability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

MAEDA, Masato. "The Effects of the Characteristics of Baseball Bats on Swing." Journal of Japan Society of Sports Industry 13, no. 1 (2003): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5997/sposun.13.45.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Russell, Daniel A. "Comparing the vibrational behavior of wood and aluminum baseball bats." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 106, no. 4 (October 1999): 2292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.427840.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Smith, Lloyd. "Progress in measuring the performance of baseball and softball bats." Sports Technology 1, no. 6 (January 2008): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19346182.2008.9648486.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Muto, Goichi, Akio Koizumi, and Takuro Hirai. "2205 Mechanical characteristics of aodamo(Fraxmus lanuginosd) as baseball bats." Proceedings of Design & Systems Conference 2005.15 (2005): 304–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedsd.2005.15.304.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

TANAKA, Koichi, Taisuke MASUDA, and Hitoshi KODAMA. "High-Speed Impact of Baseball Bats and Balls. 1st Report, Impact of Aluminum Alloy Bats and Balls." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 58, no. 556 (1992): 2365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.58.2365.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Russell, Daniel A. "Vibration damping mechanisms for the reduction of sting in baseball bats." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 132, no. 3 (September 2012): 1893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4754942.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Elias, Robert. "You're Never Too Young to Dream: The Craftsmanship of Baseball Bats." NINE: A Journal of Baseball History and Culture 12, no. 2 (2004): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nin.2004.0010.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Song, Ze Cheng, Tian Long Zhang, Chao Zhang, and Xin Hang Song. "Sweet Spot and the Influence of Corking and Materials on Baseball Bat." Advanced Materials Research 143-144 (October 2010): 1332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.143-144.1332.

Full text

Abstract:

In Section 1, we describe process of ball-bat collision using kinetic model, and derive the post-collision ball speed as a function of the hitting location. Then we differentiate the function and find out where the sweet spot is. The result successfully explains the best location is not at the end of the bat in consistent with our practical experience. In Section 2, based on the model in Section 1, we add two assumptions, supposing corking only influences mass and moment of inertia of bat. Then the maximum outgoing ball speed is only depended on mass of bat. The result shows properly corking will enhance the bat performance. In Section 3, we explain “trampoline effect” in dynamic model and throw light on energy transformation in collision process. We conclude that COR is related to materials, and aluminum bats perform better than wood bats.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Rees, Loren Paul, Terry R. Rakes, and Jason K. Deane. "Using Analytics To Challenge Conventional Baseball Wisdom." Journal of Service Science (JSS) 8, no. 1 (November 23, 2015): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jss.v8i1.9493.

Full text

Abstract:

Baseball, like most other sports, has a set of tenets that began early and have survived virtually unquestioned. Modern analytics gives us an opportunity to examine some of these long-held tenets to see if they were founded on solid evidence. This research examines some common baseball wisdom through an initial study utilizing simulation. In particular, the profiles of several baseball teams are constructed and various factors are examined by simulating ten baseball seasons under various configurations with the different teams. Contrary to conventional wisdom, a batting order where high-average hitters bat third in a lineup and the team’s best power hitter bats cleanup (fourth), for example, does not necessarily generate the most runs per game over the long run. Moreover, high-average hitters with less power can generate more runs per game than power hitters with lesser averages. Finally, it appears that hitters who perform well with runners in scoring position are more influential in helping their team score more runs than even more powerful or higher average hitters who do not produce as frequently in such cases. Players with lower star profiles, but who rise to the occasion with runners in scoring position, can often be purchased by baseball clubs that have a more constrained payroll; teams that are less well-off financially may thus purchase or trade for these hitters and still field a team with a competitive level of high run production.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Sutton, Andrew D., and James A. Sherwood. "Using vibrational analysis to investigate the batted-ball performance of baseball bats." Procedia Engineering 2, no. 2 (June 2010): 2687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2010.04.052.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Nathan, Alan M., Lloyd V. Smith, Warren L. Faber, and Daniel A. Russell. "Corked bats, juiced balls, and humidors: The physics of cheating in baseball." American Journal of Physics 79, no. 6 (June 2011): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.3554642.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Murata, Koji, Natsuki Tomita, Masashi Nakamura, Hiroshi Akitsu, Hisashi Ohsaki, Akira Urakami, and Shinichi Ikeda. "Restitution Performance and Vibration Properties of Dakekanba (Betula ermanii) Baseball-bats." Mokuzai Gakkaishi 67, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2488/jwrs.67.44.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Nishikawa, Norihiro, Tsuyoshi Nishiwaki, and Sadaki Mori. "Influence of the Mechanical Properties on the Coefficient of Restitution for Baseball Bats." Journal of Japan Society of Sports Industry 5, no. 2 (1995): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5997/sposun.5.2_19.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Montoya, Brian S., Lee E. Brown, Jared W. Coburn, and Steven M. Zinder. "Effect of Warm-up With Different Weighted Bats on Normal Baseball Bat Velocity." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 23, no. 5 (August 2009): 1566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181a3929e.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Becker, Carl M. "Crossing Bats: Baseball in the Villages of the Upper Miami Valley, 1865-1900." NINE: A Journal of Baseball History and Culture 10, no. 2 (2002): 46–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nin.2002.0003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Campshure, Blake, Patrick Drane, and James Sherwood. "Wood Bat Durability as a Function of Bat Profile and Slope of Grain." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049097.

Full text

Abstract:

During the 2008 Major League Baseball (MLB) season, there was a perception that the rate at which wood bats were breaking was on the rise. MLB responded by implementing changes to the wood bat regulations that were essentially transparent to the players, e.g., changing the orientation for the hitting surface on maple bats, setting a lower bound on wood density, and reducing the allowable range for the slope of grain (SoG) of the wood used to make bats. These new regulations resulted in a 65% reduction in the wood-bat breakage rate. It is proposed that a further reduction to the multi-piece failure (MPF) rate can be realized by accounting for the role that bat profile plays with respect to bat durability. Durability is defined here as the relative bat/ball speed that results in crack initiation, i.e., the higher the breaking speed, the better the durability. The aim of the current work is to complete a parametric study to investigate if bat profile influences bat durability with respect to SoG. Three bat profiles with very different geometries and volumes are analyzed using the finite element software, LSDYNA®. The mechanical behavior of the wood is modeled using the *MAT_WOOD material model in combination with the *MAT_ADD_EROSION option. The effective wood material properties are varied as a function of wood density and SoG. Results include how varying bat profile and SoG influences bat durability. The study is limited to maple wood bats.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Laudner, Kevin G., and Robert C. Sipes. "A Comparison of Injury and Game Characteristics Between Non-Wood and Wood Baseball Bats." Athletic Training & Sports Health Care 1, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/19425864-20090826-04.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

NAKAMURA, Ko, Hiroto NISHINO, Katsumasa TANAKA, and Yuki YAMADA. "Effect of material properties on hitting point on ball rebound for rubber baseball bats." Proceedings of the Symposium on sports and human dynamics 2017 (2017): C—16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeshd.2017.c-16.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Gray, Rob, and Jonathan Allsop. "Interactions Between Performance Pressure, Performance Streaks, and Attentional Focus." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 35, no. 4 (August 2013): 368–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.35.4.368.

Full text

Abstract:

How is performance under pressure influenced by the history of events that precede it, and how does the pressure outcome influence the series of events that follow? A baseball batting simulation was used with college players to investigate these questions. In Experiment 1, the difficulty of the simulation was first adaptively adjusted to equate performance level. Batters next completed 20 at-bats used to classify them into one of three performance groups (normal, cold streak, or hot streak) followed by a one at-bat pressure condition. Finally, performance was evaluated over a period of 20 postpressure at-bats. In Experiment 2, a series of secondary tasks were added to assess attentional focus. In both experiments, whether batters succeeded or failed under pressure was significantly related to their performance history immediately before the pressure event, with the normal group having the poorest pressure performance. Performance postpressure was significantly related to both the pressure outcome and prepressure performance. These performance effects were related to changes in the batter’s attentional focus as shown by changes in secondary task accuracy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Rockerbie, Duane W., and Stephen T. Easton. "Of Bricks and Bats: New Stadiums, Talent Supply, and Team Performance in Major League Baseball." Journal of Sports Economics 20, no. 1 (August 2, 2017): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527002517723049.

Full text

Abstract:

This article considers whether publicly financed new facility investments encourage professional sports team owners to increase their investments in costly talent. We develop a model of a sports league that incorporates publicly financed facility investments, the unique characteristics of the talent market, and revenue sharing to explore the complementarity between new facility amenities, the team budget decision, and team performance. Our empirical results suggest that publicly financed new stadiums do little to improve team performance, not due to restrictions in the talent market, but rather due to a lack of fan response.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Collier, Robert D., and Paul Dresens. "The crack of the bat: Material properties, dynamic response, and sound radiation of baseball bats." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 88, S1 (November 1990): S126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2028570.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Amo, Alexia E., William P. Lydon, Cynthia Villalobos, J. Mark VanNess, Jacob M. Cunha, and Courtney D. Jensen. "Weighting The Swing: The Mechanical Changes That Emerge When Loads Are Applied To Baseball Bats." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 52, no. 7S (July 2020): 887–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000685176.86835.a4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Fortin-Smith, Joshua, James Sherwood, Patrick Drane, and David Kretschmann. "Characterization of Maple and Ash Material Properties for the Finite Element Modeling of Wood Baseball Bats." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (November 15, 2018): 2256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112256.

Full text

Abstract:

To assist in developing a database of wood material properties for the finite element modeling of wood baseball bats, Charpy impact testing at strain rates comparable to those that a wood bat experiences during a bat/ball collision is completed to characterize the failure energy and strain-to-failure as a function of density and slope-of-grain (SoG) for northern white ash (Fraxinus americana) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum). Un-notched Charpy test specimens made from billets of ash and maple that span the range of densities and SoGs that are approved for making professional baseball bats are impacted on either the edge grain or face grain. High-speed video is used to capture each test event and image analysis techniques are used to determine the strain-to-failure for each test. Strain-to-failure as a function of density relations are derived and these relations are used to calculate inputs to the *MAT_WOOD (Material Model 143) and *MAT_EROSION material options in LS-DYNA for the subsequent finite element modeling of the ash and maple Charpy Impact tests and for a maple bat/ball impact. The Charpy test data show that the strain-to-failure increases with increasing density for maple but the strain-to-failure remains essentially constant over the range of densities considered in this study for ash. The flat response of the ash data suggests that ash-bat durability is less sensitive to wood density than maple-bat durability. The available SoG results suggest that density has a greater effect on the impact failure properties of the wood than SoG. However, once the wood begins to fracture, SoG plays a large role in the direction of crack propagation of the wood, thereby determining if the shape of the pieces breaking away from the bat are fairly blunt or spear-like. The finite element modeling results for the Charpy and bat/ball impacts show good correlation with the experimental data.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

TANAKA, Koichi, Taisuke MASUDA, and Hitoshi KODAMA. "High-Speed Impact of Baseball Bats and Balls. 2nd Report, Impact of CFRP Cylinders and Balls." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 58, no. 556 (1992): 2370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.58.2370.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

KAGAWA, Hiroyuki, Takeshi YONEYAMA, Hideaki NASU, Shigeto IGARASHI, Yujiro KITAGAWA, Masaya TAKAHASHI, and Kazutaka SATO. "Development of the Evaluating System on Hitting Performance and Choice of Clamping Methods for Baseball Bats." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series C 77, no. 783 (2011): 4218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.77.4218.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Binnie, I., and V. Park-Thompson. "Baseball Bats and Chocolate Chip Cookies: The Judicial Treatment of DNA in the Myriad Genetics Litigation." Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine 5, no. 6 (December 18, 2014): a020883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a020883.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

FUJIKAWA, Masahiro, Keiko KATOH, Hiroyuki KOHTAKI, Kenichi TOKIEDA, Seishi FUJIHARA, and Kazuyoshi ARAI. "327 Numerical Simulation of Hoop Frequency and Bat-Ball Coefficient of Restitution for Aluminum Baseball Bats." Proceedings of the Symposium on sports and human dynamics 2012 (2012): 497–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeshd.2012.497.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Gelberg, J. Nadine. "Material Matters: Performance Standards Governing New Materials for Sports." MRS Bulletin 23, no. 3 (March 1998): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400029961.

Full text

Abstract:

“With a lighter but stiffer shaft and heavier clubhead the ball goes farther. Easier,” claims a 1975 advertisement for Shakespeare graphite irons. New materials such as graphite, boron, and titanium, have made sports equipment stronger yet lighter and thus more powerful. For athletes, sports have become, as the ad stated, easier. Serves over one hundred miles per hour are commonplace on the professional tennis tour, and athletes such as Tiger Woods are making par five golf holes obsolete. Sports organizations do not, however, always embrace these innovations that facilitate play. Major League Baseball retains its traditional mandate requiring only wood bats, the International Tennis Federation prohibited double strung tennis rackets, and the United States Golf Association banned asymmetrically dimpled golf balls. These technology regulations emerged to prevent the sport from becoming “easier,” protecting sport integrity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Southard, Dan, and Levi Groomer. "Warm-up with Baseball Bats of Varying Moments of Inertia: Effect on Bat Velocity and Swing Pattern." Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 74, no. 3 (September 2003): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2003.10609091.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Baseball bats'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles