Academic literature on the topic 'Base structured category'

The User Action Framework (UAF) is a knowledge base of usability issues and concepts structured to provide a framework and method for classifying usability problems identified during usability evaluation. The UAF is essentially a hierarchical structure of usability attributes that users traverse as a decision structure, selecting the most appropriate classification category and sub-category at each level of the hierarchy. The cumulative set of category choices along the classification path is taken as a sequence of usability attributes that determines a complete classification description of the usability problem in question. The UAF itself has been the subject of usability evaluation and is the product of an extensive, iterative design process. In this paper we report on the reliability of the UAF by measuring the agreement of 10 experienced usability practitioners as they classify 15 different usability problems.

Complete lattices are considered with suitable families of lattice morphisms that provide a structure(L,Φ), useful to characterize ground categories ofL-sets by means of powerset operators associated to morphisms of these categories. The construction of ground categories and powerset operators presented here extends and unifies most approaches previously considered, allowing the use of noncrisp objects and, with some restriction, the change of base. A sufficiently large category ofL-sets that includes all possible ground categories on a structured lattice(L,Φ)is provided and studied, and its usefulness is justified. Many explanatory examples have been given and connection with the categories considered by J. A. Goguen and by S. E. Rodabaugh are stated.

Learning difficulties experienced by students in a subject can affect their learning outcomes. Learning difficulties can be caused by misconceptions experienced by students or knowledge barriers. It can be happened because chemistry has complex materials which require students to comprehend prerequisite concepts before mastering complex concepts. This research aims to develop a Structured Essay Diagnostic Test of Chemistry for acid-base titration material that fulfils good criteria as an instrument for identifying misconceptions, learning barriers, and assessing student learning outcomes. The research procedure consists of 3 stages: determining the content, obtaining information about students misconceptions, and developing a diagnostic test. The SEDToC instrument was tested for validity and reliability. The SEDToC was validated by four educational chemists and high school chemistry teachers. Which was concluded that the SEDToC instrument is valid, and reliable in the very high category. Analysis of the difficulty index of the SEDToC instrument obtained 10 items in the easy category and 18 questions in the difficult category. The analysis of the discriminatory power of the questions was obtained that 6 items were in a bad category, 18 questions were in the sufficient category, three item was in a good category and one item was in a very good category. The results of the study using the SEDToC instrument for acid-base titration materials proved that the SEDToC instrument was able to assess student learning outcomes, identify misconceptions, and material inhibiting students.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the conceptual content of the term ‘quality’ in primary and secondary education through the content analysis of 32 scientific publications. The analysis of the qualitative data is based on the methodology of grounded theory, revealing 21 major dimensions of quality with a high frequency of occurrence that are divided into five broader categories. The first category, ‘learning environment,’ includes psychosocial elements, physical elements, respect for diversity and collaboration, sharing, and team spirit. The second category, ‘learning content,’ includes student-centred pedagogy, well-structured knowledge base, continuous curriculum improvement, interest in all students, and life skills. The third category, ‘processes,’ includes teaching, learning, assessment, support, and supervision. The fourth category, ‘students,’ includes involvement/participation, feedback, challenging learning activities, and improved learning outcomes. Finally, the fifth category, ‘teachers,’ includes knowledge of educational context, content, curriculum, and pedagogy, pedagogical skills, emotional/management/reflection skills, and teacher professional development. According to the main findings, from the category ‘learning environment,’ the dimension concerning the psychosocial elements prevails in the literature; from the category ‘learning content’, the dimension of student-centred pedagogy prevails; and from the category ‘processes’, three dimensions prevail: the first is related to support and supervision and the other two are related to teaching and assessment. From the wider category ‘students,’ the dimension relating to improved learning outcomes prevails. Finally, in the category ‘teachers,’ two dimensions prevail: the first concerns skills (emotional, management, reflection), and the second dimension concerns knowledge of the educational context, content, curriculum, and pedagogy.

AbstractDisaster Medicine is a relatively new discipline. Understanding of the current status of its science is needed in order to develop a roadmap for the direction and structure of future studies that will contribute to building the science of the health aspects of disasters (HADs). The objective of this study was to examine the existing, peer-reviewed literature relevant to the HADs to determine the status of the currently available literature underlying the science of the HADs. A total of 709 consecutive, peer-reviewed articles published from 2009-2014 in two disaster-health-related medical journals, Prehospital and Disaster Medicine (PDM) and Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness (DMPHP), were examined. Of these, 495 were disaster-related (PDM, 248; DMPHP, 247). Three major categories defined these disaster-related research articles: (1) Epidemiological studies comprised 50.5%; (2) Interventional, 20.3%; and (3) Syntheses, 26.9%. Interventional studies were sub-categorized into: (a) Relief Responses, 23.0%; (b) Recovery Responses, 2.0%; or (c) Risk-Reduction Interventions, 75.0%. Basically, the inventories were consistent within the two journals. Reported indicators of outcomes related to the responses were constrained to achievement indicators (numbers accomplished). Syntheses articles were sub-categorized into: (a) Literature Reviews, 17.6%; (b) Opinions, 25.2%; (c) Models, 24.4%; (d) Frameworks, 6.9%; (e) Guidelines, 13.0%; (f) Tools, 3.0%; (g) Protocols, Policies, or Criteria, 2.3%; or (h) Conference Summaries, 7.6%. Trend analyses indicated that the relative proportions of articles in each category and sub-category remained relatively constant over the five years. No randomized controlled trials (RTCs), non-randomized, comparative controlled trials (CCTs), or systematic reviews were published in these journals during the period examined. Each article also was examined qualitatively for objectives, study type, content, language, and structure. There was no common structure used for any category or sub-categories. In addition, the terminology used was inconsistent and often confusing. This categorization process should be applied to other peer-reviewed journals that publish research related to HADs. As evidenced in the current study, the evidence base for HADs is far from robust and is disorganized, making the development of scientific evidence on which to base best practices difficult. A stronger evidence base is needed to develop the science associated with the HADs. This will require a common structure and terminology to facilitate comparisons. Greater depth of reporting is needed in order to render the Epidemiological studies more useful in mitigating the negative health impacts of hazard-related events. Interventional studies must be structured and include outcomes, impacts, benefits, and costs with robust indicators. The outcomes and impacts of Risk-Reduction Interventions will require the evaluation of changes in the epidemiology documented in future events or exercises.BirnbaumML, AdibhatlaS, DudekO, Ramsel-MillerJ. Categorization and analysis of disaster health publications: an inventory. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(5):473–482.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to conduct a qualitative study and deeply examine the challenges and support needs experienced by beginning teachers in special education support centers during itinerant education. Methods To this end, snowball sampling was conducted to target 5 beginning teachers working in special education support centers in Jeollabuk-do Province as the research participants. This study intended to closely investigate the experience of beginning teachers that implement itinerant education in special education support centers, so a semi-structured interview was developed with 3 domains and 12 components about the ‘operation status of itinerant education,’ ‘challenges of itinerant education,’ and ‘support needs for itinerant education.’ Based on the semi-structured interview, 1-2 sessions of in-depth interview, which is a qualitative study, were conducted and the collected data were analyzed with inductive analysis through the three coding processes that consisted of transcription, coding, and meaning generation. Results The analysis result showed that the struggles of the beginning teachers can be classified into 4 upper categories and 13 sub-categories. The first upper category is ‘a lack of expertise’ and recognized the lack of expertise as a teacher such as establishing itinerant education activity plans, classes, and interventions for behavior problems. The second upper category is ‘psychological conflicts from relationships’ and beginning teachers experienced challenges in their relationships with inclusive teachers, guardians, and the students during the itinerant education. The third upper category was the ‘barren road for self-development’ as there were limits in the training for itinerant education or human resource. The fourth upper category is the ‘poor environment and administrative⋅financial support’ and there were insufficient environmental conditions for itinerant education and administrative⋅financial support. The support needs of the beginning teachers can be categorized into 3 upper categories and 6 sub-categories. The first upper category is for ‘teachers to develop’ through efforts for the growth of teachers' expertise such as training and professional learning community. The second upper category is ‘a school that collaborates and communicates.’ The beginning teachers emphasized the need to cooperate and communicate with the inclusive teachers and the school parents. The third upper category is ‘effective administrative⋅financial support’ as there were demands of appropriate administrative⋅financial support to perform the duties effectively. Conclusions The study results can be applied as the base data of policy support plans for the itinerant education of the beginning teachers in special education support centers and also to examine the measures required for the beginning teachers to develop into professional itinerant teachers.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide clearer insights into and identify the key consumer behaviour metrics of the lower alcohol category (<11 per cent ABV) in the UK wine market. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected via an online survey from a sample size of 598 regular UK wine drinkers. To operationalise the study, five research questions were formulated. A highly structured quantitatively directed questionnaire was designed to find the answers to the research questions. Findings – Barriers to a larger uptake of the product category included non-availability of the products, lower quality perceptions, taste issues, lack of awareness, lack of alcohol's “feel effect” and absence of a lower alcohol drinking occasion. Many UK consumers are not yet convinced how/if lower alcohol wine fits into their wine drinking occasions. The lower ABV wine buyer's main profile characteristics are weighted towards females, Millennial and Baby Boomer age generations, mostly mid to low income, who drink mainly white and rosé wines. Lower alcohol on its own is not seen as a big benefit, thus lower ABV wines should be more creatively communicated to sell the benefits. Originality/value – This study contributes to the knowledge base in that it is the first to investigate consumer behaviour metrics as regards lower ABV wine in one of the world's leading markets, in the process providing some important baseline research information on this category. As such it is of value to academic researchers and practitioners alike.

Adjectives in definite Determiner Phrases of Zarma, a Nilo-Saharan language trigger an additional (suffixed/base-merged) lexical determiner; in the event of adjectives modifying nouns, definite determiners can occur with either the nouns or the adjectives or both. In all of these cases, no different readings obtain. Structured interviews were conducted with Zarma native speakers to collect the data for this study. I analyse the phenomenon as a case of definite determiner doubling which does not bear on any form of agreement relations. I further suggest that definite determiner and its subsets – numeral, demonstrative, and quantifier do not overlap. However, each of these can occur alongside adjectives within the DP. Consequently, I consider the adjective as an exponent of the adjunct category. Based on Abney’s DP-Hypothesis and the restrictive theory of the Minimalist Program, the paper argues that the asymmetry in the surface realizations of elements/constituents within the Zarma DP is the effect of movement.

Optimal resource utilization and sustainability are gaining importance in the last decades, raising awareness about the circular economy principles. The transition toward the circular economy demands appropriate culture, environment and technology. The developments in information and communication technologies could form the base for these requirements. Our study targets identifying factors that affect the implementation of circular economy principles. In addition, the role of information technologies in their implementation is targeted. A structured literature review was conducted to define these factors. These factors are categorized into four categories: cultural, automation, sharing, and measurement. The importance of these factors is ranked based on a questionnaire. The results show that the found factors are considered success factors in implementing circular economy practices. With respect to categories, the highest impact was noticed by the cultural category, emphasizing the impact of human factor, relations, and communication on the success of circular economy policies. In addition, factors related to appropriate infrastructure and data collection support the transition toward circular economy.


 O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a percepção de treinadores profissionais de basquetebol sobre o processo de formação e desenvolvimento de atletas brasileiros. Participaram 9 treinadores de equipes que disputaram o NBB, nas temporadas 2018-2019. Utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. Após a transcrição literal das entrevistas, o conteúdo foi analisado a partir de miniunidades (MUs). Os treinadores ressaltaram a ineficiência das escolas em desenvolver a coordenação motora dos alunos, e a precariedade da estrutura física para prática do basquetebol. Os entrevistados salientaram que a falta de espaços públicos para prática do esporte e a ausência de um programa nacional que capilarize o esporte são problemas sérios que necessitam ser enfrentados. Eles comentaram que o basquetebol universitário não contribui efetivamente para o desenvolvimento dos atletas brasileiros rumo ao profissionalismo. Além disso, as instituições esportivas não apresentam uma estrutura adequada para desenvolver os atletas. Verifica-se na categoria de base a existência de poucas equipes federadas, e consequentemente um número pequeno de competições e de partidas oficias disputadas. Conclui-se, pela percepção dos treinadores, que no Brasil existe uma precariedade nas ações das instituições educacionais, governamentais e esportivas em desenvolver atletas de basquetebol masculino de categoria de base. 
 Abstract. The aim of the study was to analyze the perception of professional basketball coaches about the process of training and development of Brazilian athletes. Nine coaches participated in the NBB, seasons 2018 and 2019. A semi-structured interview was used. After the literal transcription of interviews, the content was analyzed from meaning-units (MUs). The coaches highlighted the inefficiency of schools in developing the motor coordination of students, and the precarious physical structure for the practice of basketball. The interviewees noted that in the absence of public spaces for practicing sports and in the absence of a national program that democratize the sports is a serious problem that need to be faced. They comment that college basketball does not contribute effectively to the development of Brazilian athletes towards professionalism Furthermore, sports institutions do not present a suitable structure to develop athletes. In the youth category, there are few federated teams, and consequently a few competitions and official matches played. It is concluded, by the coaches’ perception, which in Brazil there is a precariousness in the actions of educational, governmental and sports institutions in developing male basketball players in the youth category. 
 Resumen. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la percepción de los entrenadores profesionales de baloncesto sobre el proceso de formación y desarrollo de los deportistas brasileños. Nueve entrenadores de equipos que compitieron en el NBB participaron en las temporadas 2018-2019. Se utilizó un guión de entrevista semiestructurado. Luego de la transcripción literal de las entrevistas, se analizó el contenido a partir de mini unidades. Los entrenadores destacaron la ineficiencia de las escuelas en el desarrollo de la coordinación motora de los estudiantes, y la precariedad de la estructura física para la práctica del baloncesto. Los encuestados destacaron que la falta de espacios públicos para la práctica de deportes y la ausencia de un programa nacional para democratizar el deporte son problemas graves que deben abordarse. Comentaron que el baloncesto universitario no contribuye de manera efectiva al desarrollo de los deportistas brasileños hacia el profesionalismo. Además, las instituciones deportivas no cuentan con una estructura adecuada para desarrollar a los deportistas. En la categoría base, hay pocos equipos federados y, en consecuencia, un pequeño número de competiciones y partidos oficiales disputados. Se concluye, según la percepción de los entrenadores, que en Brasil existe una precariedad en las acciones de las instituciones educativas, gubernamentales y deportivas en el desarrollo de atletas de baloncesto masculinos en la categoría base.