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Academic literature on the topic 'Base-metal ores'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Base-metal ores"

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Lillo, Javier. "Vein-type base-metal ores in Linares-La Carolina (Spain) ore-lead isotopic constrains." European Journal of Mineralogy 4, no. 2 (April 21, 1992): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/4/2/0337.

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Ashirov, Makhsud, Ibragimov Rustam Kholikulovich, and Jasur Rakhmatullaev. "Koytash Deposit As A Prospective Object Of Uzbekistan For Expanding Resources Of Wollastonite, Precious Metals And Other Associated Elements." American Journal of Applied sciences 03, no. 01 (January 22, 2021): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume03issue01-06.

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The article discusses complex and conjugated formation of wollostonite, sulfide-rare metal and silver-base polymetallic ores of Koytash deposit. Forms recommended for co-extraction, mineral composition and elements-impurities of them have been revealed. These data on rare-metal sulfide and sulfide-polymetallic ores of Koytash skarn-rare metal deposit proves its prospects in extraction of both rare metal and noble metals, bismuth and wollastonite.
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Ludwig, Kenneth R., Roald Vollmer, Bruno Turi, Kathleen R. Simmons, and Giulianο Perna. "Isotopic constraints on the genesis of base-metal ores in southern and central Sardinia." European Journal of Mineralogy 1, no. 5 (November 16, 1989): 657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/1/5/0657.

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Kozhiev, Kh Kh, O. Z. Gabaraev, and M. S.-U. Khaliev. "Location of deposits of non-metallic ores in Russia and the technogenic impact of mining on the environment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1021, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1021/1/012021.

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Abstract The article substantiates the need to strengthen the mineral resource base for the production of non-ferrous metals through the involvement in the operation of substandard raw materials, primarily those stored in tailings dumps for the enrichment of metal ores. The results of the analysis of reserves of ore deposits are presented in comparison with the situation in the world. Quantitative data on the state of the mineral resource base of non-ferrous metal ores in Russia and the provision of industry with metal raw materials are given. The role of mineral resources in protecting the geopolitical interests of Russia is shown. It is noted that Russia lags behind technologically developed countries in a number of indicators of production and consumption of mineral resources. It is concluded that the development of technogenic deposits using innovative technologies is a real step towards strengthening the mineral resource base of Russia, therefore, research on the direction of mining mentioned in the article is relevant.
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Golik, V. I., and A. V. Titova. "Improving the metallurgical resource base through combining ore mining technologies." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 5/2022 (November 3, 2022): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-5-105-111.

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Relevance. One of the challenges in the development of mining and processing technologies for solid metal resources is the insufficient use of the metal mining technologies in underground development of ore deposits. The purpose of the study. By analyzing the aspects of mining production, to determine the priority directions in the extraction and enrichment of metal ores based on the combination of technologies for the development of deposits. Research methods. Analysis of the efficiency indicators of mining production using information about the improvement of technologies in the past. Forecasting the ways of development and detailing the concept of breakthrough improvement of the processes of extraction and processing of solid geo-resources in the present and future. The results of the study. Information is provided on the completeness of extraction of metal ores from the subsurface and their use in enrichment. The importance of recycling metal-containing waste as technogenic geo-resources is shown, and the current state of this problem is characterized. A breakthrough direction of strengthening the geo-resource base of mainly non-ferrous metallurgy is formulated – the leaching of metals from ores in underground blocks and activators of the disintegrator type during the combination of traditional and new technology. The information obtained experimentally about new technologies with a description of their advantages is given. The problems of strengthening the geo-resource base of industry are formulated. Economic models are proposed to determine the efficiency of combining extraction and processing technologies. Conclusions. The assessment of the regularities of the development of technologies for the extraction and enrichment of solid metal geo-resources is possible on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of aspects of mining production. The priority direction of extraction and enrichment of solid metal geo-resources is the combination of traditional and new technologies.
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Bachmann, Kai, Max Frenzel, Joachim Krause, and Jens Gutzmer. "Advanced Identification and Quantification of In-Bearing Minerals by Scanning Electron Microscope-Based Image Analysis." Microscopy and Microanalysis 23, no. 3 (May 3, 2017): 527–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927617000460.

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AbstractThe identification and accurate characterization of discrete grains of rare minerals in sulfide base-metal ores is usually a cumbersome procedure due to the small grain sizes (typically <10 μm) and complex mineral assemblages in the material. In this article, a new strategy for finding and identifying indium minerals, and quantifying their composition and abundance is presented, making use of mineral liberation analysis (MLA) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The method was successfully applied to polymetallic massive sulfide ores from the Neves-Corvo deposit in Portugal. The presence of roquesite and sakuraiite could be systematically detected, their concentration quantified by MLA measurements, and their identity later confirmed by EPMA analyses. Based on these results, an almost complete indium deportment could be obtained for the studied samples. This validates the approach taken, combining automated mineralogy data with electron microprobe analysis. A similar approach could be used to find minerals of other common minor and trace elements in complex base-metal sulfide ores, for example Se, Ge, Sb, or Ag, thus permitting the targeted development of resource technologies suitable for by-product recovery.
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Mitishova, N. A. "DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENSURING FIRE AND EXPLOSION SAFETY DURING UNDERGROUND DEVELOPMENT OF PYRITE ORE DEPOSITS." News of the Tula state university. Sciences of Earth 4, no. 1 (2021): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.46689/2218-5194-2021-4-1-165-177.

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The urgency of the problem of reducing the risks associated with spontaneous com-bustion of coal ores and sulfide dust explosions has now increased not only in Russia, but al-so abroad, as there have been significant changes in the mineral resource base of the world's leading metal producers. The oxidation of sulfide ores and rocks with air oxygen is an irre-versible and characteristic exothermic reaction that should be taken into account during the extraction and processing of sulfide-containing minerals to prevent spontaneous combustion of ores and explosions of sulfide dust. The article presents the developed technological measures and recommendations aimed at preventing the processes of oxidation and sponta-neous combustion of coal ores and sulfide dust explosions.
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Shpylovyi, K. L., L. V. Shpylovyi, V. S. Biletskyi, and O. I. Komarova. "TECHNIQUE AND TECHOLOGY OF RARE-METAL ORES DESINTEGRATION AND GRAVITY-BASED BENEFICATION." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 1, no. 48 (March 27, 2017): 273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2017.48.811.

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On the base of the analysis of centrifugal concentrators designs there has been justified the selection of apparatus for the rare-metal ores benefication. Process of pyrochlore ore grinding in mills of different types has been investigated and the expediency of use of impact-centrifugal action mills to ensure selectivity of minirals disclosure has been founded. Efficient technical and technological parameters of the centrifugal action mills have been justified on the base of active experimental method. The influence of disintegration metheds on technologival indication of rare-metal ore benefication of Mazurovske deposits in centrifugal Nelson concentrator has been analyzed.
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Glukhov, A. N. "Base metal mineralization of the Kolyma terrain in Northeast Russia: Overview and genetic classification." LITHOSPHERE (Russia) 19, no. 5 (November 23, 2019): 717–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2019-19-5-717-730.

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Research subject. The Prikolyma terrain located in the Northeastern part ofRussia constitutes a long-lived Precambrian thrust-faulted structure hosting numerous Cu, Pb and Zn deposits of different types.Materials and methods. The mineralization of the terrain was examined during a course of research and exploration works over the 2007–2012. The rock geochemistry was studied using ICP-OES analysis at the Stuart Geochemistry and Essay laboratory (Moscow). The microprobe analysis of minerals was carried out at the facilities of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Magadan) using a Camebax X-ray microanalyzer. The isotopic ratios of sulphur in sulphides were measured using a Finnigan MAT 253 isotope mass spectrometer.Results. The porphyry-copper deposit Nevidimka is represented by skarns and sulphide-quartz stockworks embedded in porphyry granites. The vein deposits Opyt and Glukhoye constitute sulphide-carbonate-quartz veins, the composition of which corresponds to copper-polymetallic ores of the peripheral parts of the copper-porphyry formation. These deposits feature a similar geochemistry and composition of sulphides and sulphur isotopes, which is characteristic of the Riphean complexes of the Prikolyma terrain. The stratiform Pb-Zn veins Nadezhda-3 and Khaya enclosed in Proterozoic dolomites represent parallel-bedding disseminated sulphides. The composition of these ores indicates their diagenetic origin. Tne stratiform copper deposit Oroyok is embedded in Proterozoic shales and can be referred to sediment-hosted copper deposits of a transgressive type.Conclusions. The diversity of Cu-Pb-Zn mineralization types in the Prikolyma terrain is established to have resulted from multiple cyclic changes of the geodynamic ore formation regime. During each such cycle, syngenetic mineralization was followed first by epigenetic and then by vein mineralization. The mobile, thrust-faulted structure caused repeated rejuvenation of ores, which inherited the geochemical features of hosting rocks.
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Vikentyev, Ilya, Olga Vikent’eva, Eugenia Tyukova, Maximilian Nikolsky, Julia Ivanova, Nina Sidorova, Dmitry Tonkacheev, et al. "Noble Metal Speciations in Hydrothermal Sulphides." Minerals 11, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11050488.

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A significant part of the primary gold reserves in the world is contained in sulphide ores, many types of which are refractory in gold processing. The deposits of refractory sulphide ores will be the main potential source of gold production in the future. The refractory gold and silver in sulphide ores can be associated with micro- and nano-sized inclusions of Au and Ag minerals as well as isomorphous, adsorbed and other species of noble metals (NM) not thoroughly investigated. For gold and gold-bearing deposits of the Urals, distribution and forms of NM were studied in base metal sulphides by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and by neutron activation analysis. Composition of arsenopyrite and As-pyrite, proper Au and Ag minerals were identified using electron probe microanalysis. The ratio of various forms of invisible gold—which includes nanoparticles and chemically bound gold—in sulphides is discussed. Observations were also performed on about 120 synthetic crystals of NM-doped sphalerite and greenockite. In VMS ores with increasing metamorphism, CAu and CAg in the major sulphides (sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite) generally decrease. A portion of invisible gold also decreases —from ~65–85% to ~35–60% of the total Au. As a result of recrystallisation of ores, the invisible gold is enlarged and passes into the visible state as native gold, Au-Ag tellurides and sulphides. In the gold deposits of the Urals, the portion of invisible gold is usually <30% of the bulk Au.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Base-metal ores"

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Crane, Martin John, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Geochemical studies of selected base metal minerals from the supergene zone." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Crane_M.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/232.

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Acid leaching of different natural chrysocolla samples under ambient conditions demonstrated that the chemical and chrystallographic inhomogenity significantly affects the rate and that it is virtually impossible to use the mineral as a model for the kinetics of hydrometallurgical processing of copper ores.Dissolution experiments, stability diagrams,and X-ray powder diffraction studies are undertaken and studied in this research and results are given.It is found that a complete solid solution series exists in Nature with most tungstenian wulfenites and molybdenum stolzites containing a range of compositions. The first occurrence of a molybdenum stolzite from Broken Hill, Australia, which also contains small amounts of chromium is noted.Raman microprobe spectroscopy has proven to be a very quick and effective non-destructive method for semi-quantitative analysis of the wulfenite-stolzite and powellite-scheelite solid-solution series and in detecting very small amounts of substituted chromate in wulfenite, stolzite and anglesite
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Crane, Martin John. "Geochemical studies of selected base metal minerals from supergene zone /." View thesis, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030721.132607/index.html.

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Thesis (PhD) -- University of Western Sdyney, 2001.
"A thesis presented in accordance with the regulations governing the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Western Sydney" "November 2001" Bibliography: leaves 249 - 254.
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Murahwi, Charley Zvinaiye. "The geology of the Unki platinum-base metal deposit, Selukwe subchamber, great dyke, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005574.

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This thesis focuses on platinu'm group element (PGE) mineralization in the Unki Section of the Selukwe Subchamber of the Great Dyke (Zimbabwe), and is based on drill hole intersections and underground and surface exposures of the Main Sulphide Zone (MSZ) which hosts significant concentrations of PGE. The petrological and geochemical data presented are part of a broader study currently underway and the present are restricted to the 2m section of the PGE-rich MSZ encountered in drill hole MR126. The PGE-rich MSZ at Unki is unique in having a shear, locally referred to as the Footwall Shear, developed at or close to its base . It is however, similar to the other PGE occurrences on the Great Dyke (MSZ) in having its hanging-wall restricted to within 1m of the websterite/bronzitite contact. Slight axial tilting to t he west is indicated by steeper dips on the eastern flank. The sulphide concentration wit hin the MSZ can be used as a rough guide to the PGE-rich zone, but is not sufficiently precise to be used in stope control. The visual identification of the potentially mineable zone remains a problem that is unlikely to be solved. Based on petrological evidence, the bulk of the sulphides with which the PGE are associated, are cumulus in status. This provides unequivocal evidence for an orthomagmatic origin of the MSZ. The dominant platinum group mineral (PGM) phase is the Arsenide/Sperrylite group which is most commonly found at the contact zones between base metal sulphides (BMS) and gangue. The PGM range up to 90 ~m in length. Geochemical evidence from the analyses of cumulate orthopyroxenes through the 2m PGE-rich MSZ interval at Unki reveals a trend of arked Fe enrichment upwards which corresponds to an enrichment in sulphide. This indicates that precipitation of sulphide was caused by fractionation with lowering of temperature in the magma. The Fe enrichment is followed by a reversal in Mg# of orthopyroxene which corresponds to the decrease in sulphide content, suggest i ng that the termination of the PGE-rich MSZ was due to an increase in temperature associated with an influx of new magma. Coupled with these magmatic events are a complex interplay of chemical and physical processes occurring at a critical stage in the overall fractionation of the Great Dyke magma chamber. The overall persistence and continuity of t he PGE zone as observed in the Unki area is consistent with the inferred orthomagmatic origin of the mineralization
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Hastings, Matthew H. "Relationship of base-metal skarn mineralization to Carlin-type gold mineralization at the Archimedes gold deposit, Eureka, Nevada." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1460760.

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Allen, George B. "Economic Geology of the Big Horn Mountains of West-Central Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/244099.

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The Big Horn Mountains are a geologically complex range that extends over 500 square km in west-central Arizona. Three major lithologic terranes outcrop: (1) Proterozoic amphibolite, phyllite, schists, gneiss, and granite; (2) Mesozoic monzonite to diorite intrusives; and (3) Cenozoic mafic to silicic volcanic rocks and clastic rocks. The entire area is in the upper plate of a detachment fault and, consequently, contains many low- to high-angle normal faults. Each lithologic terrane has its associated mineral occurrences. The Big Horn district is exclusively hosted in the pre- Tertiary terrane. Most of its mineral occurrences are spatially related to the Late Cretaceous intrusive rocks. One occurrence, the Pump Mine, may be a metamorphic secretion deposit, and therefore, would be middle Proterozoic. The vast majority of the mineral occurrences in the Big Horn Mountains are middle Tertiary in age and occur in three districts: the Tiger Wash barite - fluorite district; the Aguila manganese district; and the Osborne base and precious metal district. Fluid inclusions from Tiger Wash fluorite (T(h) 120 to 210° C, NaCl wt. equivalent 17 to 18 percent not corrected for CO₂) and nearby detachment - fault- hosted Harquahala district fluorite (T(h) 150 to 230° C., NaC1 wt. equivalent 15.5 to 20 percent not corrected for CO₂) suggest cooling and dilution of fluids as they are presumed to evolve from the detachment fault into the upper plate. Mass-balance calculations suggest that the proposed evolution of fluids is sufficient to account for the observed tonnage of barite and fluorite. The Tiger Wash occurrences grade directly into calcite- gangue-dominated manganese oxides of the Aguila district. A wide range of homogenization temperatures (T(h) 200 to 370° C.), an absence of CO₂ and low salinities (NaC1 wt. equivalent 1 to 2 percent) in the Aguila district calcite-hosted fluid inclusions argue for distillation of fluids during boiling or boiling of non saline-meteoric waters. Mass - balance calculations modeling the evolution of Ca and Mn during potassium metasomatism of plagioclase in basalt suggest that little if any influx of these cations is necessary to form the calcite –dominated manganese oxide tonnage observed. The Aguila district grades directly to the east into the base-metal and precious-metal occurrences of the Osborne district. Preliminary data describing geological settings, fluid inclusions, and geochemistry suggest that the Osborne district has a continuum between gold-rich to silver-rich epithermal occurrences. The gold-rich systems have dominantly quartz gangue, with or without fluorite, and are hosted in a variety of rocks, but are proximal to Precambrian phyllite or mid-Tertiary rhyolite. Fluid inclusions from two occurrences representative of the gold -rich systems spread across a minor range (T(h) 190 to 230° C., NaC1 wt. equivalent 17 to 23 percent not corrected for CO₂). Dilution of highly saline fluids is the inferred mechanism for precipitation of gold in the gold-quartz systems. The silver-rich systems have dominantly calcite gangue with or without quartz, and are hosted in mid-Tertiary basalt. Calcite fluid inclusions from a representative high-silver occurrence display a wide range of homogenization temperatures and salinities (T(h) 120 to 370° C., NaC1 wt. equivalent 7 to 23 percent). Boiling and consequent neutralization of acidic solutions is the inferred mechanism for the silver-rich, calcite gangue systems. A model inferring a regional fluid-flow regime and local sources of metals is proposed. Four possible regional and local causes of fluid flow in upper-plate detachment regimes are proposed: (1) regional elevation of geothermal gradients as a result of middle-crustal, lower-plate rocks rising to upper crustal levels; (2) meteoric water recharge along the southeast flank of the Harquahala antiform and consequent displacement of connate waters in the upper-plate of the Big Horn Mountains; (3) local emplacement of feeder stocks to rhyolitic flows; (4) and tilting of major upper-plate structural blocks.
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Goodman, Sally. "The relationship between light hydrocarbons, carbonate diagenesis, and base metal ore deposits." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38017.

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Painter, Matthew Graham Morgan. "The geochemical and mineralogical haloes around the Mount Isa base metal orebodies /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17242.pdf.

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McElroy, William John. "Development of geophysical mapping and data processing methods applied to base metal ore deposits in Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296823.

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Andrews, Lesley. "Base metal losses to furnace slag during processing of platinum-bearing concentrates." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01222009-172643/.

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Tomlinson, David Harris. "Nature and Origin of Fissure Ore at the Porphyry-Epithermal Transition Zone of the Bingham Canyon Porphyry Cu-Au-Mo Deposit, Utah." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7544.

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Late-stage fissure-filling ore at the world class Bingham Canyon, Utah, porphyry copper deposit has long been recognized, but poorly studied. Physical and chemical characterization of the Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Au mineralized fissures in the porphyry-epithermal transition zone provides insight into the origin, timing, and controls of ore deposition. These sheared sulfide-rich fissures are dominated by pyrite and multiple generations of quartz, with lesser amounts of other sulfides and gangue minerals. Au (0.27 to 4.61 ppm) provides the most value to the ore in the transition zone. Host rocks include Eocene monzonite and Paleozoic limestone and quartzite"”all of which can contain economic ore bodies. Associated alteration is predominantly sericitic and argillic. Mineralization into the wall rocks is restricted, not exceeding 1.5 m from the fissure margins. Mineral assemblages vary with distance from the center of the main Cu-Mo deposit and the modal abundances are dependent on host rock. The appearance of both galena and sphalerite (and tennantite to an extent) mark the transition from a porphyry to an epithermal environment. This is accompanied by an increased concentration of chalcophile trace elements in sulfides as determined by EMPA and LA-ICP-MS. Significant hosts of Ag include galena and tennantite, while Cu is hosted primarily in chalcopyrite, tennantite, and sphalerite. Gold does not appear to be hosted in solid solution, but may be focused along fractures or inclusions in pyrite. δ3434S values of fissure pyrite has a narrow range (+2.3 to 3.4‰), while δ18O of quartz is more variable and high (+11.5 to 14.0‰) relative to typical hydrothermal quartz. This can be explained by increased fractionation at lower temperatures in the magmatic fluids, which could have additionally mixed with exchanged 18O-rich meteoric water. Ore grades improve with distance from the center of the deposit; however, this is accompanied by higher concentrations of elements (Pb, As, Bi, etc.) undesirable for downstream processing. The mineralized fissures were created sequentially throughout the formation of the deposit. Initial joints probably formed as a result of the intrusion of a barren equigranular monzonite. The NE orientation of the joints was controlled by the regional stress field, which is more apparent distal to the center of the deposit. A quartz monzonite porphyry then intruded, dilating the joints to allow precipitation of quartz and then pyrite during the Cu-Au-stage of mineralization in the main ore body. After dike-like intrusions of latite porphyry and quartz latite porphyry intruded, galena, sphalerite, and pyrite precipitated to form the Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization. This was followed by late precipitation of chalcopyrite and tennantite (and likely Au mineralization).
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Books on the topic "Base-metal ores"

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Base Metal Deposits Symposium (1991 Townsville, Qld.). Base Metal Deposits Symposium. Townsville: Geology Dept., James Cook University of North Queensland, 1991.

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Bartholomew, D. S. Base metal and industrial mineral deposits of Zimbabwe. Harare: Zimbabwe Geological Survey, 1992.

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Abrams, Charlotte E. Base metal mines and prospects of the Southwest Ducktown district, Georgia. Atlanta: Georgia Dept. of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division, Georgia Geologic Survey, 1987.

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Mackenzie, Brian W. Geological aspects of mining productivity: Canada's base metal resources. Kingston, Ont: Centre for Resource Studies, 1985.

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Workshop, on Base Metal Deposits of Brazil (1998 Salvador Brazil). Base metal deposits of Brazil: Invited papers presented in the Workshop on Base Metal Deposits of Brazil, held in Salvador, Bahia, from September 6-11, 1998. [Brazil]: Division of Marketing, Geological Survey of Brazil, 1999.

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Mosier, Dan L. Geologic and grade-tonnage information on Tertiary epithermal precious- and base-metal vein districts associated with volcanic rocks. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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Mosier, Dan L. Geologic and grade-tonnage information on Tertiary epithermal precious- and base-metal vein districts associated with volcanic rocks. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey, 1986.

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Bove, Dana. The Gladiator Mine, Lake City, Colorado: The mineralogy and paragenesis of an epithermal base- and precious-metal vein system. [Denver, Colo.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1987.

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Bliss, James D. Mineral deposit modeling using components for complex mineral deposits: Mixed base- and precious-metal veins of the Idaho Batholith, Idaho. [Menlo Park, CA]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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DeWitt, Ed. Base- and precious-metal concentrations of early Proterozoic massive sulfide deposits in Arizona: Crustal and thermochemical controls of ore depositon. Washington, D.C: Geological Survey, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Base-metal ores"

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Plimer, I. R. "Tourmalinites Associated with Australian Proterozoic Submarine Exhalative Ores." In Base Metal Sulfide Deposits in Sedimentary and Volcanic Environments, 255–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02538-3_16.

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Lakshmanan, V. I., R. Sridhar, and R. Roy. "Recovery of Precious Metals from Base Metal Sulfide Ores by a Hydrometallurgical Process." In EPD Congress 2011, 451–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118495285.ch54.

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Stalder, M., and A. Rozendaal. "Metamorphism of sulfide ores from the Aggeneys-Gamsberg base metal deposits, South Africa." In Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century, 913–16. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077503-232.

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Craigen, W. J. S., F. J. Kelly, D. H. Bell, and J. A. Wells. "Evaluation of the CANMET Ferric Chloride Leach (FCL) process for treatment of complex base-metal sulphide ores." In Sulphide deposits—their origin and processing, 255–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0809-3_17.

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Tijskens, E., W. Viaene, P. Oyen, and J. Clifford. "Ore Mineralogy of the Tatestown Prospect, Ireland." In Base Metal Sulfide Deposits in Sedimentary and Volcanic Environments, 132–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02538-3_9.

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Hauck, M. B. "Kuroko-Type Ore Deposits on the Aegean Islands, Greece." In Base Metal Sulfide Deposits in Sedimentary and Volcanic Environments, 216–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02538-3_13.

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Tvalchrelidze, A. G. "Physico-Chemical Conditions of Base Metal Sulphide Ore Formation." In Special Publication No. 4 of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits, 358–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70902-9_26.

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Schütz, W., P. Dulski, and K. Germann. "Geochemical Features of Magmatic Evolution and Ore Deposition in the Pyrite Belt of Southern Spain." In Base Metal Sulfide Deposits in Sedimentary and Volcanic Environments, 240–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02538-3_15.

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Tarkian, M., and C. D. Garbe. "Geochemistry and Genesis of Sulfide Ore Deposits in the Volcano-Sedimentary Sequences of the Western Grauwackenzone (Eastern Alps, Austria)." In Base Metal Sulfide Deposits in Sedimentary and Volcanic Environments, 149–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02538-3_10.

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"Base Metal Ores in the Lower Paleozoic of Southwestern Sardinia." In Carbonate-Hosted Lead-Zinc Deposits, 18–28. Society of Economic Geologists, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/sp.04.03.

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Conference papers on the topic "Base-metal ores"

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Pruseth, Kamal Lochan, and Biswajit Mishra. "Magmatic (?) Base Metal Sulfide Deposits." In Proceedings of the Workshop on Magmatic Ore Deposits. Geological Society of India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/cgsi/2014/63403.

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Jehan, Neshat, and Kamal Lochan Pruseth. "Melting Experiments in the PbS-FeS-ZnS-Cu2S-S System: Possibility and Nature of an Anatectic Base Metal Sulfide Melt." In Proceedings of the Workshop on Magmatic Ore Deposits. Geological Society of India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/cgsi/2014/63402.

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Pitts, Brad, and Andrew Kramers. "The application of high resolution crosswell radio wave tomography in the exploration of base metal ore deposits." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1996. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1826723.

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Zyryanova, L. A. "INFORMATIVE LUMINESCENT PROPERTIES OF MINERALS FROM THE OXIDATION ZONE OF THE RUBTSOVSK BASE-METAL DEPOSIT, ORE ALTAI , RUSSIA." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES IN GEOLOGY, EXPLORATION AND MINING. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b11/s1.023.

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Valero, Alicia, Antonio Valero, and Inmaculada Arauzo. "Exergy as an Indicator for Resources Scarcity: The Exergy Loss of Australian Mineral Capital — A Case Study." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13654.

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Over the span of the 20th century, the global demand for metals and minerals has increased dramatically. This is associated with a general trend of declining ore grades from most commodities, meaning higher quantities of ore needed to be processed and thus more energy. Hence, quantifying the loss of mineral capital in terms of mass is not enough since it does not take into account the quality of the minerals in the mine. Exergy is a better indicator than mass because it measures at the same time the three features that describe any natural resource: quantity, composition and a particular concentration. For the sake of better understanding the exergy results, they are expressed in tons of Metal equivalent, tMe, which are analogously defined to tons of oil equivalent, toe. The aim of this paper is 1) to show the methodology for obtaining the exergy loss of mineral resources throughout a certain period of time and 2) to apply it to the Australian case. From the available data of production and ore grade trends of Australian mining history, the tons of Metal equivalent lost, the cumulative exergy consumption, the exergy decrease of the economic demonstrated reserves and the estimated years until depletion of the main base-precious metals are provided, namely: for gold, copper nickel, silver lead and zinc.
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Reports on the topic "Base-metal ores"

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Neyedley, K., J. J. Hanley, P. Mercier-Langevin, and M. Fayek. Ore mineralogy, pyrite chemistry, and S isotope systematics of magmatic-hydrothermal Au mineralization associated with the Mooshla Intrusive Complex (MIC), Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp, Abitibi greenstone belt, Québec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328985.

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The Mooshla Intrusive Complex (MIC) is an Archean polyphase magmatic body located in the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde (DBL) mining camp of the Abitibi greenstone belt, Québec. The MIC is spatially associated with numerous gold (Au)-rich VMS, epizonal 'intrusion-related' Au-Cu vein systems, and shear zone-hosted (orogenic?) Au deposits. To elucidate genetic links between deposits and the MIC, mineralized samples from two of the epizonal 'intrusion-related' Au-Cu vein systems (Doyon and Grand Duc Au-Cu) have been characterized using a variety of analytical techniques. Preliminary results indicate gold (as electrum) from both deposits occurs relatively late in the systems as it is primarily observed along fractures in pyrite and gangue minerals. At Grand Duc gold appears to have formed syn- to post-crystallization relative to base metal sulphides (e.g. chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite), whereas base metal sulphides at Doyon are relatively rare. The accessory ore mineral assemblage at Doyon is relatively simple compared to Grand Duc, consisting of petzite (Ag3AuTe2), calaverite (AuTe2), and hessite (Ag2Te), while accessory ore minerals at Grand Duc are comprised of tellurobismuthite (Bi2Te3), volynskite (AgBiTe2), native Te, tsumoite (BiTe) or tetradymite (Bi2Te2S), altaite (PbTe), petzite, calaverite, and hessite. Pyrite trace element distribution maps from representative pyrite grains from Doyon and Grand Duc were collected and confirm petrographic observations that Au occurs relatively late. Pyrite from Doyon appears to have been initially trace-element poor, then became enriched in As, followed by the ore metal stage consisting of Au-Ag-Te-Bi-Pb-Cu enrichment and lastly a Co-Ni-Se(?) stage enrichment. Grand Duc pyrite is more complex with initial enrichments in Co-Se-As (Stage 1) followed by an increase in As-Co(?) concentrations (Stage 2). The ore metal stage (Stage 3) is indicated by another increase in As coupled with Au-Ag-Bi-Te-Sb-Pb-Ni-Cu-Zn-Sn-Cd-In enrichment. The final stage of pyrite growth (Stage 4) is represented by the same element assemblage as Stage 3 but at lower concentrations. Preliminary sulphur isotope data from Grand Duc indicates pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite all have similar delta-34S values (~1.5 � 1 permille) with no core-to-rim variations. Pyrite from Doyon has slightly higher delta-34S values (~2.5 � 1 permille) compared to Grand Duc but similarly does not show much core-to-rim variation. At Grand Duc, the occurrence of Au concentrating along the rim of pyrite grains and associated with an enrichment in As and other metals (Sb-Ag-Bi-Te) shares similarities with porphyry and epithermal deposits, and the overall metal association of Au with Te and Bi is a hallmark of other intrusion-related gold systems. The occurrence of the ore metal-rich rims on pyrite from Grand Duc could be related to fluid boiling which results in the destabilization of gold-bearing aqueous complexes. Pyrite from Doyon does not show this inferred boiling texture but shares characteristics of dissolution-reprecipitation processes, where metals in the pyrite lattice are dissolved and then reconcentrated into discrete mineral phases that commonly precipitate in voids and fractures created during pyrite dissolution.
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Jonasson, I. R., E M Hillary, M. D. Hannington, P. Mercier-Langevin, and D. Diekrup. Trace-element geochemistry of ore-mineral separates from selected Canadian base-metal deposits. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326134.

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Kontak, D. J., S. Paradis, Z. Waller, and M. Fayek. Petrographic, fluid inclusion, and secondary ion mass spectrometry stable isotopic (O, S) study of Mississippi Valley-type mineralization in British Columbia and Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/327994.

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A comprehensive study of Mississippi Valley-type base-metal deposits across the Canadian Cordillera was done to compare and contrast their features. Extensive dissolution of host rocks is followed by multiple generations of dolomite cements from early, low-temperature, fine-grained to coarser, higher temperature types that overlap with Zn-Pb sulfide minerals; late-stage calcite occludes residual porosity. Dolomite is generally chemically stoichiometric, but ore-stage types are often rich in Fe (&amp;lt;1.3 weight per cent FeO) with small sphalerite inclusions. Sphalerite-hosted fluid inclusions record ranges for homogenization temperatures (77-214°C) and fluid salinity (1-28 weight per cent equiv. NaCl±CaCl2). These data suggest fluid mixing with no single fluid type related to all sulfide mineralization. In situ secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) generated delta-18OVSMOW values for carbonate minerals (13-33 permille) reflect dolomite and calcite formation involving several fluids (seawater, basinal, meteoric) over a large temperature range at varying fluid-rock ratios. Sphalerite and pyrite SIMS delta-34SVCDT values vary (8-33 permille) but in single settings have small ranges (&amp;lt;2-3 permille) that suggest sulfur was reduced via thermochemical sulfate reduction from homogeneous sulfur reservoirs. Collectively, the data implicate several fluids in the mineralizing process and suggest mixing of a sulfur-poor, metal-bearing fluid with a metal-poor, sulfide-bearing fluid.
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Peter, J. M., and M. G. Gadd. Introduction to the volcanic- and sediment-hosted base-metal ore systems synthesis volume, with a summary of findings. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328015.

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This volume presents results of research conducted during phase 5 of the Volcanic- and Sedimentary-hosted Base Metals Ore Systems project of the Geological Survey of Canada's Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) program. The papers in this volume include syntheses and primary scientific reports. We present here a synopsis of the findings during this TGI project. Research activities have addressed several mineral deposit types hosted in sedimentary rocks: polymetallic hyper-enriched black shale, sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn, carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi Valley-type; MVT), and fracture-controlled replacement Zn-Pb. Other carbonate-hosted deposits studied include a magnesite deposit at Mount Brussilof and a rare-earth element-F-Ba deposit at Rock Canyon Creek, both of which lack base metals but are spatially associated with the MVT deposits in the southern Rocky Mountains. Volcanogenic massive-sulfide deposits hosted in volcanic and mixed volcanic-sedimentary host rock settings were also examined. Through field geology, geochemical (lithogeochemistry, stable and radiogenic isotopes, fluid inclusions, and mineral chemistry), and geophysical (rock properties, magnetotelluric, and seismic) tools, the TGI research contributions have advanced genetic and exploration models for volcanic- and sedimentary-hosted base-metal deposits and developed new laboratory, geophysical, and field techniques to support exploration.
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Mackenzie, L. M., and D. H. C. Wilton. Uranium, Molybdenum and Base Metal Sulphide Mineralization: Three Different Styles of Ore Formation in the Burnt Lake area, Central Labrador. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/122472.

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Lougheed, H. D., M. B. McClenaghan, D. Layton-Matthews, and M. I. Leybourne. Indicator minerals in fine-fraction till heavy-mineral concentrates determined by automated mineral analysis: examples from two Canadian polymetallic base-metal deposits. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328011.

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Exploration under glacial sediment cover is a necessary part of modern mineral exploration in Canada. Traditional indicator methods use visual examination to identify mineral grains in the 250 to 2000 µm fraction of till heavy-mineral concentrates (HMC). This study tests automated mineralogical methods using scanning electron microscopy to identify indicator minerals in the fine (&amp;lt;250 µm) HMC fraction of till. Automated mineralogy of polished grains from the fine HMC enables rapid data collection (10 000-300 000 grains/sample). Samples collected near two deposits were used to test this method: four from the upper-amphibolite facies Izok Lake volcanogenic massive-sulfide deposit, Nunavut, and five from the Sisson granite-hosted W-Mo deposit, New Brunswick. The less than 250 µm HMC fraction of till samples collected down ice of each deposit contain ore and alteration minerals typical of their deposit type. Sulfide minerals occur mainly as inclusions in oxidation-resistant minerals, including minerals previously identified in each deposit's metamorphic alteration halo, and are found to occur farther down ice than the grains identified visually in the greater than 250 µm HMC fraction. This project's workflow expands the detectable footprint for certain indicator minerals and enhances the information that can be collected from till samples.
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Caté, A., P. Mercier-Langevin, P. S. Ross, S. Duff, M D Hannington, B. Dubé, and S. Gagné. The Paleoproterozoic Lalor VMS deposit, Snow Lake, Manitoba: observations on the nature and architecture of the gold and base metal-rich ore zones and associated alterations. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/293116.

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Boily-Auclair, É., P. Mercier-Langevin, P. S. Ross, and D. Pitre. Alteration and ore assemblages of the LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) deposit and Ellison mineralized zones, Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp, Abitibi, Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329637.

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The LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) mine is part of the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp and is located in the southern part of the Abitibi greenstone belt in northwestern Quebec. The LZ5 deposit consists of three stacked mineralized corridors: Zone 4, Zone 4.1, and Zone 5. Zones 4 and 4.1 are discontinuous satellite mineralized corridors, whereas Zone 5 represents the main mineralized body. The mineralized zones of the LZ5 deposit and adjacent Ellison property (Ellison A and B zones) are hosted in the strongly-deformed, 2699-2695 Ma transitional to calcalkaline, intermediate to felsic, volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Bousquet Formation upper member, which is part of the Blake River Group (2704-2695 Ma). Zones 4, 4.1, and 5 at the LZ5 mine are hosted in intermediate volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Westwood andesitic to rhyodacitic unit (unit 5.1a), which forms the base of the upper member of the Bousquet Formation. The Ellison Zone A is hosted higher up in the stratigraphic sequence within a newly described intermediate volcanic unit. The Ellison Zone B is hosted in felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Westwood feldsparphyric rhyolite dome (subunit 5.3a-(b)). Mineralization in all three zones of the LZ5 deposit consists of discordant networks of millimeter- to centimeter-thick pyrite ±chalcopyrite ±sphalerite ±pyrrhotite veins and veinlets (10-20 % of the volume of the rock) and, to a lesser extent, very finely disseminated pyrite and boudinaged veins (less than or equal to 5 vol. % each) in strongly altered host rocks. Gold commonly occurs as microscopic inclusions in granoblastic pyrite and at the triple junction between recrystallized grains. The veins, stockworks, and disseminations were intensely folded and transposed in the steeply south-dipping, east-west trending S2 foliation. The vein network is at least partly discordant to the stratigraphy. A distal alteration halo envelops the LZ5 mineralized corridors and consists of a sericite-carbonate-chlorite- feldspar ±biotite assemblage. A proximal sericite-carbonate-chlorite-pyrite-quartz- feldspar-biotite ±epidote alteration assemblage is present within the LZ5 mineralized zones. A local proximal alteration assemblage of sericite-quartz-pyrite is also locally developed within Zone 4 and Zone 5 of the LZ5 deposit. Mass gains in Fe2O3 (t) and K2O, and mass losses in CaO, MgO, Na2O, and locally SiO2, are characteristic of the LZ5 alteration zones. The Ellison zone A and B are similar to LZ5 in terms of style of mineralization, but thin (10-20 cm) veins or bands of semi-massive to massive, finely recrystallized disseminated pyrite (0.1-1 mm) are distinctive. Chalcopyrite and sphalerite are also slightly more abundant in the mineralized corridors of the Ellison property and are usually associated with elevated gold grades. The zones are also slightly richer than at LZ5 in terms of gold and silver content, but narrower and less continuous in general. The Ellison Zone A is characterized by gains in Fe2O3 (t) and K2O and losses in CaO, MgO, Na2O, and SiO2. Gains in Fe2O3 (t) and local gains in K2O, MgO, and MnO, and losses in CO2, Na2O, P2O5, and SiO2, characterize the felsic host rocks of the Zone B corridor. The style of mineralization at LZ5 (pyrite ±chalcopyrite veins and veinlets, ±disseminated pyrite with low base metal content), its setting (i.e. in rocks of intermediate composition at the base of the upper member of the Bousquet Formation), and the geometry of its ore zones (stacked lenses of sulfide veins and veinlets, without massive sulfide lenses) differ from the other major deposits of the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp. Despite these differences, this study indicates that the LZ5 and Ellison mineralized corridors are of synvolcanic hydrothermal origin and have most likely been formed by convective circulation of seawater below the seafloor. An influx of magmatic fluids from the Mooshla synvolcanic intrusive complex or its parent magma chamber could explain the Au enrichment at LZ5, as has been suggested for other deposits of the camp. Evidence for a pre-deformation synvolcanic mineralization at LZ5 includes ductile deformation and recrystallization of the sulfides, the stacked nature of its ore zones, subconcordant alteration halos that envelop the mineralized corridors, evidence that the mineralized system was already active when the LZ5 lenses were deposited and control on mineralization by primary volcanic features such as the permeability and porosity of the volcanic rocks.
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Base- and precious-metal concentrations of early Proterozoic massive sulfide deposits in Arizona; crustal and thermochemical controls of ore depositon. US Geological Survey, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b2138.

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